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Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the growth and psychosocial problems of children with bronchial asthma. Background: India establishes 3–5% of the global burden on childhood asthma. Psychosocial problems such as emotional, behavioral, and educational problems are highly prevalent among children and can severely interfere with everyday functioning. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. It was conducted among 140 children with bronchial asthma between the age group of 4–12 years and their caregivers who satisfied the sampling criteria. The tools used were socio-personal and clinical data sheet, an anthropometric measurement sheet, and Pediatric Symptom Checklist. Results: In growth monitoring, 11.4% of children had stunting, 6% of children were above the 97th percentile of height, 7.1% of children were underweight and 1.5% of children were above the 97th percentile of weight. It was found that 4.3% of children were having difficulty in psychosocial functioning. It was also seen that 12.9%, 4.3%, and 5% of children were having difficulty functioning in the domains of internalizing, attention, and externalizing, respectively. Conclusion: Early detection and management of growth problems and psychosocial dysfunction are essential to prevent growth faltering and abnormal psychosocial development of children with bronchial asthma.

BACKGROUND The manifestations of Viral Hepatitis A are not confined to the liver but can involve any part of the body. This is more evident when the disease affects adults when compared to children. There are only a few studies describing the same in viral hepatitis A. We wanted to study the various extra hepatic manifestations of viral hepatitis A. METHODS This is an observational study conducted in Government Medical College, Kozhikode from January 2017 to June 2018. 207 cases of viral hepatitis A in patients older than 13 years admitted over a period of 1.5 years at Government Medical College, Kozhikode, a tertiary care center in South India were included in the study. RESULTS 87 patients of 207 had extra hepatic manifestations during the course of illness. The most common being thrombocytopenia (22.7% of patients) followed by hyponatremia (18.4%), leukocytosis (12.1%), and acute kidney injury (7.7%). Rash, pancreatitis, cholecystitis, myocarditis, macular oedema, HUS and ARDS were also seen. CONCLUSIONS Extra hepatic manifestations are related to more severe disease and hence may be used as a marker of disease severity.

This paper proposes a low-power way to deal with the plan of huge scope consecutive circuit incorporation (VLSI). One of the significant concerns when building up a VLSI gadget is power dissemination. Dynamic power was the main issue as of not long ago. Be that as it may, as the size of the innovation work diminishes, static force, which was already inconsequential, turns into an issue as huge as unique force. By the by, the engineers do have a couple of strategies that they can use to diminish the static force utilization, which is more irksome in the VLSI nanoscale silicon innovation. We layout a low-spillage approach for successive circuits in this paper. With stack procedures, a relative investigation of unmistakable low quality, spillage current decrease method is recommended. SIPO with the leakage input with stack approach accomplishes lower power utilization than current partners contrasted with the recreation execution of a conventional PISO.

Most of the data generated from social media, Internet of Things, etc. are semi-structured or unstructured. XML is a leading semi-structured data commonly used over cross-platforms. XML clustering is an active research area. Because of the complexity of XML clustering, it remains a challenging area in data analytics, especially when Big Data is considered. In this paper, we focus on clustering of XML based on structure. A novel method for representing XML documents, Compressed Representation of XML Tree, is proposed following the concept of frequent pattern tree structure. From the proposed structure, clustering is carried out with a new algorithm, TreeXP, which follows the XPattern framework. The performances of the proposed representation and clustering algorithm are compared with a well-established PathXP algorithm and found to give the same performance, but require very less time.

Purpose The purpose of study was to develop bioengineered scaffolds by seeding primary mouse embryo fibroblast cells (p-MEF) on polypropylene mesh and to test its efficacy for the repair of abdominal wall defects in rats. Methods The study was conducted on 18 clinically healthy adult Wistar rats of either sex. The animals were randomly divided into two equal groups having nine animals in each group. In both the groups a 20 mm × 20 mm size full thickness muscle defect was created under xylazine and ketamine anesthesia in the mid-ventral abdominal wall. In group I the defect was repaired with polypropylene mesh alone and in group II it was repaired with p-MEF seeded polypropylene mesh. Matrices were implanted by synthetic absorbable suture material (polyglycolic acid) in continuous suture pattern. The efficacy of the bio-engineered matrices in the reconstruction of full thickness abdominal wall defects was evaluated on the basis of macro and histopathological observations. Results Macroscopic observations revealed that adhesions with skin and abdominal viscera were minimum in group II as compared to group I. Histopathological observations confirmed better fibroplasia and collagen fiber arrangement in group II. No recurrence of hernia was found in both the groups. Conclusion Hernias are effectively repaired by implanting polypropylene mesh. However, this work demonstrates that in vitro seeding of mesh with fibroblasts resulted in earlier subsidization of pain, angiogenesis and deposition of collagen, increased thickness of matrices with lesser adhesions with underlying viscera. On the basis of the results p-MEF seeded mesh was better than non-seeded mesh for repair of abdominal wall defects in rats.

Thirty six clinically healthy adult Wistar rats of either sex were used in the study and randomly divided into three groups having twelve animals in each group. Under general anesthesia, a full-thickness skin wound (20 × 20 mm2) was created on the dorsum of each rat. The defect in group I was kept as open wound and was taken as control. In group II, the defect was repaired with commercially available collagen sheet (b-CS). In group III, the defect was repaired with reticulum derived extracellular matrix of bovine origin (b-REM). Healing was evaluated on the basis of wound contraction, gross, haematological, immunological and histopathological observations. On critical analysis of the observed parameters it was found that b-REM has healing potential and shown better healing response than commercially available collagen sheet to reconstruct full thickness skin wounds in rats.

An acellular cholecyst derived extracellular matrix (p-CEM) of porcine origin was prepared using anionic biological detergent. Healing potential of (p-CEM) was compared with commercially available collagen sheet (b-CS) and open wound (C) in full-thickness skin wounds in rats. Thirty six clinically healthy adult Sprague Dawley rats of either sex were randomly divided into three equal groups. Under general anesthesia, a full-thickness skin wound (20 × 20 mm2) was produced on the dorsum of each rat. The defect in group I was kept as open wound and was taken as control. In group II, the defect was repaired with commercially available collagen sheet (b-CS). In group III, the defect was repaired with cholecyst derived extracellular matrix of bovine origin (p-CEM). Healing was evaluated on the basis of wound contraction, gross, hematological, immunological and histopathological observations. On critical analysis of the observed parameters it was found that p-CEM has healing potential and shown better healing response than commercially available collagen sheet to reconstruct full thickness skin wounds in rats.

Lipid Nanocapsules (LNCs) have been used for drug delivery in cells and animal models for several years. LNCs with unique physicochemical properties for favorable biorecognition, biocompatibility and stimuli responsive (pH/temperature etc.) properties i.e., smart-LNCs, are most promising for future nanomedicine applications. However, conventional phase inversion temperature (PIT) method of LNCs preparation may not be suitable for the fabrication of thermally labile drug loaded LNCs and smart-LNCs. Herein, we report for the first time, a novel low temperature (LT) method for the preparation of LNCs (including smart-LNCs of size 25–150 nm), hereafter, named as nanostructure hybrid lipid capsules (nHLCs), comprising safe excipients such as oil (Labrafac™ PG), surfactant (Kolliphor® HS 15, Brij® S100), and lipid (Lipoid S-75, Lipoid S PC-3, Lipoid PE 18:1/18:1, Lipoid PC 16:0/16:0 etc.). Effects of process parameters on the physicochemical properties of nHLCs were probed to optimize the process. Ternary phase diagram shows that our method allows for great flexibility in the formation of nHLCs with tailored size and composition. This method resulted in drug loaded (regorafenib used as model drug) nHLCs with 95 % encapsulation efficiency and sustained release profile at 37 °C. The drug loaded nHLCs (as prepared or in lyophilized form) has excellent storage stability at 4 °C (for more than one month) as well as biocompatibility similar to that of LNCs prepared by PIT method. Our novel LT method of LNCs (i.e. nHLCs) preparation is a generic method for the development of drug loaded (including thermally labile) and smart-LNCs for future nanomedicine applications.

In the age of data explosion, data mining became a vital function for data analysis. At present, the world is dealing with heterogeneous, big, diverse and dynamic documents for storing data that are distributed across clusters of machines. Among them XML documents are popular which store huge amount of information with semi-structured representation. XML clustering, as a part of knowledge mining requires highly efficient algorithms for managing and analyzing extremely large data. Many researchers have proposed clustering of XML documents according to its content and structure. This paper contains an exhaustive review of structure-based XML clustering and the research gaps present in the same.

Health/Medical tourism is a booming niche tourism market in the tourism industry. The main reason for the increasing trend is the high cost of treatment, long waiting time, less insurance coverage in developed countries and the attitude of people to spend holidays in a quality manner with the aim of improving health. In India, Kerala is emerging as a prime health tourism hub for its Ayurveda packages. The state attracts millions of foreign and domestic tourists to visit the state’s incredible heritage and experience the traditional nature based treatment therapies. The volume of tourist arrivals in Kerala had experienced a stupendous growth of 7.7 per cent in 2014 from 4.3 per cent in 2001 (Annual report of Tourism Statistics, Department of Tourism, Government of Kerala). This study aims to profile the tourists visiting Kerala for Ayurvedic treatment and to identify the destination image factors making Kerala an attractive place for Ayurveda health tourism. For this purpose, 150 domestic tourists availing Ayurvedic treatment in Kerala were selected on the convenience of the researcher. In order to analyse the objectives, the Descriptive Statistics, Factor Analysis and One-way ANOVA were employed and the results revealed that service quality, attraction, opportunity, benefits and promotion were the destination image factors making Kerala an attractive place for Ayurvedic Health Tourism. The present study identifies the strength of Kerala for Ayurveda health tourism which helps the destination managers and the service providers witha better understanding of the market for elevating Kerala and its Ayurveda in this niche market.Int. J. Soc. Sci. Manage. Vol-2, issue-3: 222-227 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v2i3.12755

Aim: Extensive or irreversible damage to the skin often requires additional skin substitutes for reconstruction. Biomaterials have become critical components in the development of effective new medical therapies for wound care. Materials and Methods: In the present study, a cell matrix construct (bone marrow-derived cells (BMdc) seeded extracellular matrix [ECM]) was used as a biological substitute for the repair of full-thickness skin wound. ECM was developed by decellularizing fish swim bladder (FSB). Goat bone marrow-derived cells (G-BMdc) were seeded over this decellularized matrix. Efficacy of this cell matrix construct in wound repair was tested by implanting it over 20 mm2 × 20 mm2 size fullthickness skin wound created over the dorsum of rat. The study was conducted in 16 clinically healthy adult rats of either sex. The animals were randomly divided into 2 equal groups of 8 animals each. In Group I, animal’s wounds were repaired with a cellular FSB matrix. In Group II, wounds were repaired with G-BMdc seeded a cellular FSB matrix. Immune response and efficacy of healing were analyzed. Results: Quality of healing and immuno tolerance to the biological substitute was significantly better in Group II than Group I. Conclusion: Seeding with BMdc increases the wound healing potency and modulates the immune response to a significantly negligible level. The BMdc seeded acellular FSB matrix was found to be a novel biomaterial for wound management.

Acellular grafts can be used as a better substitute for the prosthetic meshes in reconstruction of abdominal wall defect. The purpose of study was to develop bioengineered scaffolds by seeding primary mouse embryo fibroblast cells (p-MEF) on decellularized rabbit skin and to test the efficacy of these scaffolds for the repair of abdominal wall defects in rats. The study was conducted on 18 clinically healthy adult Wistar rats of either sex. The animals were randomly divided into two equal groups having nine animals in each group. In both the groups a 20 × 20 mm2 size full thickness muscle defect was created under xylazine and ketamine anaesthesia in the mid-ventral abdominal wall. In group I the defect was repaired with acellular dermal matrix alone and in group II it was repaired with p-MEF seeded dermal matrix. Matrices were implanted by synthetic absorbable suture material (polyglycolic acid) in continuous suture pattern. The efficacy of the bioengineered matrices in the reconstruction of full thickness abdominal wall defects was evaluated. Macroscopic observations revealed that adhesions with skin and abdominal viscera were found to be less in group II as compared to group I. Immunological reactions were reduced in group II. Histopathological observations also revealed that fibroplasia and collagen fiber arrangement was found to be better in group II. No recurrence of hernia was found in both the groups. On the basis of the results bioengineered cell seeded scaffolds were found to be better than non-cell seeded scaffolds for the repair of abdominal wall defects in rats.

Many human diseases relating to central nervous system (CNS) are mimicked in animal models to evaluate the efficacy of stem cell therapy. The therapeutic role of stem cells in animal models of CNS diseases include replacement of diseased or degenerated neuron, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes with healthy ones, secretion of neurotrophic factors and delivery of therapeutics/genes. Scaffolds can be utilized for delivering stem cells in brain. Sustained delivery of stem cells, lineage specific differentiation, and enhanced neuronal network integration are the hallmarks of scaffold mediated stem cell delivery in CNS diseases. This review discusses the therapeutic role, challenges and future perspectives of stem cell therapy in animal models of CNS diseases.

Twelve clinically healthy, adult male dogs randomly equally divided into two groups (I and II). Animals of both the groups received xylazine-ketamine anesthesia. Laparoscopic bilateral vasectomy was performed in group I, whereas in animals of group II in additition to vasectomy, spermatic artery-vein plexus were clipped with titanium clips at a distance of 1 to 2 cm. Insufflation of abdominal cavity was achieved by CO2 (2 liter/minute) at 10 mm Hg pressure gradient. Clinical observations revealed no significant changes. Differential leukocyte count (DLC) revealed significant neutrophilia and comparative lymphopenia on 3rd postoperative in both groups. Significant increase (p 0.05) up to 7th postoperative day in animals of group II. On the basis of the parameters studied, it can be concluded that capnoperitoneum at 10 mm Hg pressure gradient and CO2 at the flow rate of 2 liter/minute provides optimum visualization of intra-abdominal organs and found suitable for laparoscopic sterilization in male dogs. The laparoscopic vasectomy alone in male dogs was found comparatively quick, less time consuming and can be successfully applied for mass sterilization program. Oxidative stress in laparoscopic vasectomy (group I) was less as compared to other group.

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) of caprine origin for the repair of abdominal wall hernias in six goats. The skin of goat was de-epithelialised using a 2 M sodium chloride solution and 0.25% trypsin, and further decellularised using 2% sodium deoxycholate, which was then used as graft material. Under xylazine sedation and local infiltration analgesia, the abdominal wall hernias were repaired with ADM graft using inlay graft technique. All animals had an uneventful recovery without clinical signs of wound dehiscence, infection or recurrence of hernia during 6 months follow-up periods.

Polyphenolic compounds are widely distributed in plants and known to be excellent antioxidants in vitro. They have the capacity to reduce free-radical formation by scavenging free radicals and protecting antioxidant defences. The present study evaluated the antioxidant potencies of polyphenolic compounds from a spice, Coriandrum sativum against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage in human lymphocytes. Pretreatment with polyphenolic rich fractions protected human lymphocytes against H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative damage. H 2 O 2 treatment significantly decreased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione- S -transferase and caused decreased glutathione content and increased thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (TBARS). Treatment with polyphenolic fractions (50 μg/ml) increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes and glutathione content and reduced the levels of TBARS significantly. Observed reduction in the level of lipid peroxides showed a decreased tendency of peroxidative damage. We conclude that, under these experimental conditions, polyphenolic compounds effectively suppress hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress.

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) causes paratuberculosis or Johne's disease in cattle, sheep and goats. There are many methods for diagnosis of Johne's disease and among these, cultural identifi- cation is the "gold standard" for diagnosis in spite of its long turn over time. Works on mycobacterial genomics revealed that genomic reduction through the loss of large sequence polymorphisms is the major contributor of genomic diversity in M avium sub- species. LSPP 12 is present in mbt A gene of mycobactin synthesis operon replacing LSP 4 in M avium and LSPP12 internal sequence PCR can be used for specific detection of MAP. LSPP12 faecal PCR gave similar results as that of IS 900 PCR and only MAP DNA gave specific amplification with LSPP12 PCR compared to mother mycobacteria used in this study.

Bovine seminal plasma is a protein rich fluid, which plays major role in the fertility of sire. Proteins are derived from blood as well as accessory sex glands. Binder of sperm proteins are major proteins in seminal plasma characterized by their binding ability to heparin like glycosaminoglycans. These proteins destabilize the membrane of spermatozoa by interacting with glycosaminoglycans of female reproductive tract. Relatively much less proteomic has been done in seminal fluid as compare to other protein rich fluids. The functional and expression pattern studies of bulls with different fertility abilities can provide insights into the selection of sires.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the success and predictability of root coverage and esthetics obtained with free gingival grafts (FGGs) in the treatment of early class III gingival recessions for a period of 12 months. Materials and Methods: Ten patients contributed to 12 sites, each with early class III recession with interdental bone loss £4 mm from cemento enamel junction(CEJ). Clinical parameters recorded at baseline and at 1, 6, and 12 months were probing depth (PD), recession depth (RD), recession width (RW), and clinical attachment level (CAL). Results: Reduction of recession resulted in a significant gain in CAL and PD at the end of 12 months. A statistically significant mean root coverage of 41.25 ± 21.07% was obtained at the end of 12 months. A statistically significant improvement in Visual Analog Scale score was seen after a 12-month follow-up period. Conclusion: In a south Indian population, early class III gingival recessions treated with FGG procedures resulted in 40-50% root coverage with fairly acceptable esthetics.