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By the previous studies it was established that the character of solid fuel distribution throughout the bed height considerably effects the sintering machines productivity and the sinter quality. The purpose of the study was assessment of solid fuel distribution in the agglomerated burden throughout the height of bed at sintering machine. Sinter mix samples were taken from three sections of the bed: 150 mm - top part, 150 mm - middle part and 170 mm - bottom part at the sintering machines of NLMK. After screening the samples, particle size distribution was determined, as well as carbon content throughout the bed height and in the particles of different sizes. It was found that all solid fuel, irrespective of the size, gets balled into sinter mix granules, fine fuel (fraction -0.63 mm) was almost evenly distributed over the granules of different sizes, while coarse fuel (+3 mm) is mainly picked up by large granules. Solid fuel of -3 mm +0.63 mm fraction is mostly balled into 3-5 mm granules. Such nature of solid fuel distribution in the granules of the pelletized mix results in suboptimal distribution of fuel throughout the bed height at sintering machines No. 1, 2, despite satisfactory size segregation of the mix: it changes from low content in the top part to a higher content at the bottom of the bed. At sintering machines No. 3, 4 where there was no size segregation of the mix, fuel distribution throughout the bed height changes from optimal to non-optimal (low content in the top part). To optimize solid fuel distribution throughout the bed height with both good and poor segregation of the mix, it is necessary to reduce the content of 0-0.5 mm particles fraction in coke breeze.

A study of the content and composition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the solid fraction of the snowpack is carried out on the territory of the Yamal-Nenetz Autonomous region, the north of Western Siberia. The total content of ten three-six nucleus PAHs was determined in the 51 samples collected at various distances from oil and gas producers and roads, near settlements, and in remote Arctic areas. The total PAH content varies from the lowest 0.3 ng/mg on the Bely Island, increasing to ~ 5 ng/mg in areas of new gas fields, and up to high 15 ng/mg in cities. Characteristic features of PAHs composition under the influence of gas flares emissions in central areas of high technogenic load are identified; they are a total content of up to 144 ng/mg and enrichment with low- molecular weight PAHs. In remote Arctic regions, high-molecular weight 5–6 nucleus PAHs dominate. Profiles of individual PAHs near gas flares, roads and residential sector facilities have been determined. The percentage contribution of the sum of 3, 4 and 5, 6-nucleus PAHs to the total PAH content indicates the gas flaring impact. Ratios of fluorantene to pyrene and benzene(b)fluorantene to benzene(ghi)perylene indicate changes in the snow PAHs composition with a decrease in the gas flaring contribution. The data obtained for the assessment of gas flaring emission impact on the PAHs composition in the snowpack are relevant to polar areas where new fields are being developed.

Titanium slag is a basic raw material for production of titanium dioxide, widely used in various branches of national economy. Titanium slag is produced out of ilmenite concentrate. In Russian Federation there are several ilmenite deposits of ledge and placer type under various stages of development. Laboratory studies of ilmenite concentrates of Malyshevskoye, Irshanskoye and Medvedevskoye deposits processing technologies carried out. Two-phase technological scheme proposed, including ilmenite-coal briquettes reducing in an annular furnace and smelting of hot metallized briquettes in an ore-smelting furnace resulting in titanium slag and pig iron obtaining. Ilmenite concentrates were mixed with anthracite, bonding agent, briquetted and reduced in an annular furnace. After reducing the hot metallized briquettes were smelted in an electric furnace at 1650 ° С and the smelting products were casted into molds. The chemical and size composition of ilmenite concentrates and chemical composition of metallized briquettes presented. Technical indices of the annular furnace operation at metallized briquettes production and chemical composition of titanium slag and pig iron obtained out of the mentioned deposits ilmenite concentrates cited. It was determined, that the production of briquettes with high degree of metallization in the annular furnace is possible at heat treatment mode, providing a quick heating until the temperature of 1400-1500 °С. The cycle of the briquettes heat treatment in the annular furnace can be 15-30 min, including the phases of charging, heating, roasting, cooling and discharging. To study the heat treatment parameters effect on the process of coal-thermal reducing of ilmenite concentrates briquettes, a heat-physical model was elaborated. The model was based on studies of coal-thermal reducing kinetics of briquettes comprising ilmenite and anthracite, as well as zonal heat and material balances of oxidizing-reducing processes in the annular furnace. A technological scheme of titanium slag from ilmenite concentrates of Malyshevskoye, Irshanskoye and Medvedevskoye deposits proposed.

Magnesium—strontium-containing limestones are overburden and lie together with celestite ore, the extraction of which is economically justified under their conditions of use. The results of determination of mineralogical composition of limestone, structural-phase transformations in the production of lime, iron ore agglomerate, and pellets with the introduction of limestone into the charge are given. The viscosity and refining properties of strontium-containing blast-furnace and steel-smelting slags are studied. Magnesium–strontium-containing limestones are a promising fluxing material for the sinter and steelmaking industries.

Information about character of burden materials behavior inside a blast furnace at its different horizons enables to increase control efficiency of BF heat running. The elaborated complex of methodologies for carbon materials and iron ore raw materials properties study enables to simulate their behavior at the horizon of iron ore materials reducing, in the viscoplastic zone, at the horizon of iron ore raw materials smelting and its interaction with coke filling. A vertical electric resistance shaft furnace with a tube carbon heater was used as a base equipment for simulation of burden behavior in the reduction zone and smelting zone, as well as for simulation of iron ore burden melt outflow through coke filling. Burden materials preparation to the experiment concluded in crushing of iron ore component followed by 3–5 mm fraction extraction and a mixing it with 3–5 mm fraction of brown coal semi-coke in relation 2:1 for further heating-reduction treatment. The heating-reduction treatment of the mixture charged in the electric furnace simulates the reducing zone and is carried out by a slow heating of the iron ore component and reducing agent mixture from 20 up to 980–1020 ºС. The methodology of determination of lump carbon materials combustibility in the highly heated air blast flow was developed for the complex of equipment based on the shaft electric resistance furnace and aimed at testing of burning process of carbon samples of technological fuels. The combustibility was determined under conditions of burnt sample heating in the temperature range from 500 up to 1500 °C with an accuracy of ±10 °С. The temperature of air blast flow (21 % vol. of oxygen at natural moisture) was set in the range from 120 up to 1200 °С and was kept with an accuracy of ±12 °С. The burnt sample mass, volume of air blast and its velocity was correlated to obtaining of complex non-dimensional Re factor (Reinolds number) more than 100, that guaranteed a reliable process running in the combustion area with no risk of transferring to gasification process. Based on GOST 26517–85 (“Iron ores, sinter and pellets”) a methodology was elaborated for determining of parameters of iron ore materials status in the viscoplastic zone. The methodology comprises heating of preliminary reduced sample of a tested iron ore material in an inert gas and determination of softening temperature and smelting end by a hard rod sinking into the material layer under external pressure action. The temperature at which the layer shrinkage reaches level of 2% during heating, was taken as the softening temperature of the iron ore material. The sinking of the rod into the material by 80% was taken as the temperature of the beginning of the material melting. The interval softening-melting was determined as the difference between melting temperature and softening temperature (at sample shrinkage by 2 %).

To decrease viscosity of BF slag and improve its desulfurization ability during hot metal production a magnesia oxide is used, which is introduced into a blast furnace, as a rule, within iron ore sinter, as well as in the form of a fluxing additive. Dolomite, sometimes iron ore materials with increased magnesia content (for example, Kovdor concentrate, raw or roasted Bakal siderite) as well as magnesia-contained wastes, most often BOF slag, are usually used as a main source of magnesia oxide during iron ore sinter production. Brucite, which is widely used abroad, mainly in Japan during iron ore sinter production, is a very prospective magnesia flux. However, brucite was never used in sinter production in Russia. Main parameters and efficiency of its application were obtained under Japan raw materials conditions. However sinter chemical and mineral compositions at Russian and Japanese sinter plants considerably differ. In this connection studies on influence of the magnesia flux “Flumag M”, which is identical by its composition to brucite, on the process parameters of sinter burden sintering and pellets production were carried out. The estimation of application efficiency of “Flumag M” magnesia flux was made during typical sintering of NLMK sinter burden. It was determined, that partial and complete substitution of dolomite by the “Flumag M” magnesia flux in the NLMK sinter burden results in an increase of specific productivity of sintering process by 10–20% (comparative) and the sinter strength by 3–5% (comparative) correspondently. Laboratory experiments on “Flumag M” magnesia flux application, carried out in STI NITU “MISiS”, showed, that raw pellets with magnesia flux additives have higher compressive strength comparing with the pellets having dolomite additives. Impact strength and abrasion strength of roasted pellets is higher, comparing with those with dolomite. Optimal content of “Flumag M” flux in the pellets burden is 2%. The application of “Flumag M” magnesia flux enables to remove burden from the burden and increase strength of roasted pellets.

Along with strength characteristics of agglomerated raw materials, its high temperature properties - the degree of reducibility, softening-smelting temperature and melt filterability through coke filling - have a great influence on technological indices of BF process. Knowledge of the properties change regularities is and actual task for through optimization of blast furnace burden composition aimed at BF smelting intensification. Blast furnace burden composition influence on reducibility, temperature interval of softening-smelting, viscosity of intermediate slags, filterability heat products through coke filling and desulphurization ability of intermediate slags studied. Influence of BOF nickel slag additions on complex of high temperature properties of iron ore raw materials estimated. Influence of pellets portion in BF burden on the process of BF slag filtration considered. It was shown, that increase of pellets portion in the burden results in slag filterability through coke filling decrease during the BF burden smelting. A favorable role of BOF nickel slag in agglomeration and blast furnace processes of JSC “ArcelorMittal Temirtau” determined. Analysis of the data obtained showed that Sulphur content in hot metal during slag sinter smelting depends practically only on intermediate slag basicity. Range of main components content in the iron ore raw materials determined, as well as contents of sinter and blast furnace burdens of JSC “ArcelorMittal Temirtau”, having most favorable complex of high temperature properties and to a great extent meeting the requirements to the iron ore raw materials.

Despite a lot of studies of iron ore raw materials was carried out both in sinter and BF production areas, the matter of agglomeration burdens optimization is still actual. Laboratory studies on sintering of agglomeration burdens of different component content were carried out for optimization of iron ore burden content optimization, following by determination of technology characteristics and metallurgical properties complex.As a result of the studies an optimal component and size content of the agglomeration burden determined to provide improving of metallurgical properties complex of agglomeration burden. The studies carried out showed, that lime introducing into the concentrate flow before the burden department can lead to sintering machines productivity increasing.The burden wetness range determined, enabling for complete lime hydrating. It was shown, that a partial replacement of agglomeration ores in the burden by BOF nickel slag contributes to agglomeration process specific productivity increasing as well as sinter strength increasing.

Ensuring strength parameters of building elements of residential, domestic and industrial premises, located on the territory of the embankment in continuous operation is a fundamental factor in the sustenance of the population, especially in changing climatic effects of the environment and a massive impact of coastal waves. Maintaining comfortable conditions normalized long stay population in the residential, domestic, and industrial purposes with reduced power consumption and ensuring safe operation, currently carried out in accordance with the implementation of the city's "life support" and is performed in accordance with the adoption of the Federal law of 23 November 2009 "No. 261-FZ. On energy saving and increasing energy efficiency and introducing amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation." All this underlines the relevance of the authors research and proposed recommendations for implementation are protected by patents of the Russian Federation of technical solutions. Such construction elements such as driven piles are the most intensively exposed to destruction because of being in wet soil, which contributes to the corrosive destruction of the material and periodic seismic effects beginning with the waves at the perimeter of the coast promenade. As shown by the analysis of known emergency residential, public and industrial construction projects, the decline in the standard terms of use driven piles leads to premature destruction of buildings and constructions, which consequently increases the danger of finding the population on the territory of the embankment. A feature of the exploitation of construction objects located on the territory of the embankment is the sum of the effect as the seismic loads due to the periodic power strokes of the rolling waves on the ground bordering the perimeter, and the corrosive destruction of the material driven piles due to constant contact with wet soil components. The proposed technical solutions, which are based on theoretical and experimental studies of the Department of teplogazosnabzhenie southwestern state University to ensure the maintenance of normalized operating life of driven piles in terms of destruction in the territory of the embankments, the novelty of which is protected by patents of the Russian Federation.

The energy saving ecological water supply system is proposed. The system can be implemented both in heat power engineering, in particular in circulating water supply systems for industrial enterprises, and in construction industry where there are heat evolutions produced by equipment and due to technological processes. According to the forecasts of Russia's energy strategy, the production of thermal energy will increase by 22-34 % in 2020. At the same time, it is planned to increase the real heat consumption by 1.4-1.5 times due to reduction of losses in the conditions of high energy saving potential in all energy sectors beginning with production to transportation and rational use of energy sources. The system of housing and utilities is extremely energy intensive, since utility infrastructure is worn out up to 80-90 %. The practical lack of biosphere-compatible technologies for engineering systems design and operation in Russia does not allow providing resource-saving at all stages of full life cycle of a building or a structure. Known studies and proposals based on the research and development decisions of RAASN Research Institute of Building Physics mainly relate to the thermal protection of the shell of a building and are not represented by engineering interconnected systems. Therefore, the development and implementation of measures for the integrated development of utility infrastructure becomes topical. The solution of this problem is related to complex of engineering and technical activities, including thermal protection by increasing thermal resistance of enclosing structures of buildings, upgrading heat and water supply systems, using non-traditional energy sources.

The article in accordance with the adoption of the Federal law dated 23 November 2009 No. 261-FZ "On energy saving and increase of ecological safety and on amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation" the authors have developed and proposed for implementation of innovative solution for the environmentally safe production of compressed air, widely used in the construction industry in the Russian Federation and in the near and far abroad. Due to the fact that the production of a building material , its transportation and use in the creation of building elements is accompanied by considerable allocations of dirt, especially in the form of solid particles, which have a significant effect on the environmental parameters in the industrial zones, the problem of ecological safety of the population is important and requires your decision. On the basis of the conducted at the Department of "Teplogazosnabzhenie" research work in the framework of the strategic development of the University of the proposed technical device for the production of compressed air of normalized parameters ensuring the environmentally friendly production of pneumatic energy. The novelty of technical solutions, protected by patents of the Russian Federation and can be effectively used in various sectors of the economy.. This is achieved by processing the intake of atmospheric air into the air filter of the compressor, which uses the phenomenon of turbulence and thermodynamic stratification with intensification of purification from fine-dispersed contaminants in the form of dust and droplet of moisture. The mathematical model of the environmental process for the production of compressed air by cleaning the stream of intake atmospheric air, which became the basis for the development of a number of technical solutions to air filters compressors.

One way of increasing the smelting rate in a blast furnace is to increase the gas permeability of the lower part of the stock. Gas permeability in this zone and the smoothness of the furnace’s operation depend on the ability of the intermediate slag to filter through the coke column. A method of studying filterability has been developed and introduced, the method making it possible to reliably assess the behavior of the iron-orebearing materials in a blast furnace at high temperatures. It was established by laboratory studies and confirmed by factory tests that the filterability of molten blast-furnace slag is affected by the presence of the oxides MgO, MnO, and CaO, which are added to charge that is used to make sinter. The magnitude of this effect depends on the composition of the minerals that contain these oxides.

Prediction of the melting temperatures of pure metals, their oxides, and complex iron-ore sinter is considered. A simple formula for the energy state of solids is obtained. Other microstructural factors may be represented in the additive form of the Hall–Petch law. Alternative factors characterizing the energy state of iron-ore sinter are established. Formulas are derived for predicting the temperatures at which melting begins and ends in such sinter.

Blast-furnace smelting today is organized so as to produce low-silicon hot metal, with subsequent desulfurization. In that case, economical furnace operation is facilitated by the use of low-ash coke characterized by hot strength and low adhesion to the slag melt, as well as stable chemical composition, minimum softening temperature range, and increased melting point of the iron. The production of low-silicon hot metal with

Experimental, industrial, and computational data provide the basis for the hydrogas-dynamic theory of counterflow coke packing in blast furnaces and corresponding technology. The conversion from slag-irrigated model packing to counterflow coke packing in a blast furnace is considered. The types of residue and the motion of the material fluxes through the packing are classified. The operation of the coke packing in the blast furnace is determined in terms of the fluxes of metal, slag, residue, and gas filling the space between the coke particles.

Elements of a hydrodynamic theory of the coke packing in blast furnaces are developed, with practical applications. The static and dynamic characteristics of the slag and the coke packing are deter-mined. Regression analysis indicates the relative significance of the factors in establishing the irrigation intensity and density of coke in the packing and the hearth by slag. The formation of slag residue is also investigated in the presence external and internal sources of smelting slag and titanium (iron) slag. The optimal irrigation density of the coke packing by the slag is determined.

Physical analysis suggests an integral sintering characteristic Ksi, which may be used not only to assess batch preparation at a particular plant, since it includes the structural characteristics of the granules and the batch bed, but also for the analysis and optimization of sinter production.

In the article it is proved that innovative development is determined by degree of stability of an innovative framework of industry for industrially developed regions. Key elements of such a framework are allocated as favorable economic and institutional conditions, the high investment potential, the developed innovative infrastructure, presence of the hi-tech enterprises, the developed human capital. The analysis of possibilities and barriers of formation of an innovative framework of the industry of the Perm region is carried out.

The high-temperature properties of various iron ores (including washing ore) are investigated in relation to blast-furnace operation.

On the basis of experimental data for briquetting of oxidized nickel ore with a clay component mathematical models have been developed taking account of all forms of particle interaction. These equations may be used in predicting the strength of artificial structures (briquettes) prepared from fine materials. The mathematical models developed connecting factors of processed material properties with compaction parameters promote to a considerable extent solutions for questions of controlling preparation of fine materials before the widespread method of caking, i.e. briquetting. Strength formation for artificial structures is a complex process whose control may be accomplished in different production stages.

Analysis of the process of structure formation due to briquetting of fine materials with participation of a liquid phase (water) and optimization of the process with the help of a mathematical model of formation of strength in artificial structures is of considerable practical interest. Experimental studies and computations are used for constructing two mathematical models of the strength of briquettes, which allow for the composite action of three factors, namely, the diameter of the particles of the material of the structure, its moisture content, and the proportion of the mechanisms of strength formation (capillary, molecular, and propping). The models are adequate for experimental data covering the range of particle sizes from ∼0.02 to 3 mm and the range of moisture contents from WMH to W MCM. The models make it possible to predict the strength of artificial structures, i.e., briquettes, depending on the particle size of the initial material and on its moisture content within the specified range of variation of initial data.

Results are presented from a study of the operation of sinter plants operated by the Severstal’ company when finely crushed iron-ore concentrates are used in the charge. The company decided to modernize the equipment used for primary mixing, moistening, and balling of the charges in sinter plants Nos. 2 and 3. Preliminary estimates indicate that the cost of this improvement should be recovered in three years.

A method for quantitative estimation of the biocidal effect of compounds on microbial cells has been developed based on colony growth on solid nutrient media. The method allows for specifying a mode of action and for calculating the most effective ratio of biocides in synergistic blends. The test organism Serratia marcescens was grown in the presence of copper sulfate and kathon (2-N-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one) on agar medium supplemented with glucose and peptone. The approach made it possible to achieve respectively 96 and 67% decreases in effective concentrations of kathon and copper sulfate in the mixture.

Studies that were performed led the the following recommendations on optimizing the preparation of charges for sintering: improve the mixing (homogenization) of the charge, possibly by using high-speed paddle mixers, screw-driven pan-type mixers, or large mixing drums with a mixing coefficient of 0.95; intensify the balling of the charge in balling drums (high-intensity-rumbling regime); optimize moistening by using fine-spray water nozzles that employ compressed air; introduce automation systems at the stages of primary mixing and balling (high-intensity-rumbling regime), as well as moistening.

Five synergistic combinations of biocides have been identified, of which kathon plus copper sulfate is the most efficient against Serratia marcescens. Depending on the ratio of the biocides, the active concentrations needed to maintain the synergistic effect can be decreased 4- to 20-fold. Combinations of biocides with salts promoting steel passivation (such as carbonates and phosphates) have been developed, which are more potent in decreasing corrosion-induced losses of mild steel than biocides and salts taken in isolation. Biocides should be introduced into systems susceptible to biocorrosion at the start of their exploitation, otherwise higher concentrations or synergistic compositions have to be used.

Samples of soil, subsoil, electrolyte, corrosion products, and protective coating were taken after excavating pipelines. The depth of stress corrosion cracking of the pipe steel was mostly related to counts of sulfate-reducing and denitrifying bacteria. In certain types of soil, crack depth correlated with the number of acid-producing microorganisms and aerobic chemoorganotrophs (saprophytes). A correlation was found between the extent of stress corrosion cracking of pipelines and the contents of mobile reduced iron, sulfides, organic carbon, and a number of other parameters of the surrounding soil.

Initial stages of corrosion of mild steel induced by Klebsiela rhinoscleromatis BO2 were studied in various media. The effect of the microorganism was detected 8–10 h after inoculation. The number of viable cells was virtually unchanged over one month in all media, but the corrosive activity of the strain decreased. The corrosive activity of microorganisms can be determined by spectrophotometry even after incubation for only 24 h. At a low level of organic substrate, even strong colonization with microorganisms does not inevitably result in significant damage to metals.

Cocultivation of destructor microorganisms and their antagonists decreases the corrosion loss of carbon steel by 20 to 80%. It was found that a microorganism can either accelerate or inhibit corrosion, depending on the nutrient. The magnitude of the effect on corrosion depends on the ability of the microorganism to respond to changes in the nutrient medium composition by releasing acidic or alkaline metabolites.

Cocultivation of degrading microorganisms and their antagonists decreases the corrosion loss of carbon steel by 20 to 80%. It was found that a microorganism can either accelerate or inhibit corrosion, depending on the nutrient. The magnitude of the effect on corrosion depends on the ability of the microorganism to respond to changes in the nutrient-medium composition by releasing acidic or alkaline metabolites.

Initial stages of corrosion of mild steel induced by Klebsiela rhinoscleromatis BO2 were studied in various media. The effect of the microorganism was detected 8-10 h after inoculation. The number of viable cells were virtually unchanged within one month in all media, but the corrosive activity of the strain decreased. The corrosive activity of microorganisms can be determined by spectrophotometry even only after incubation for 24 h. At a low level of organic substrate, even strong colonization with microorganisms does not inevitably result in a significant damage to metals.

Samples of soil, ground, electrolyte, corrosion products, and protective coating were taken after excavating pipelines. The depth of stress corrosion cracks of the pipe steel was mostly related to the numbers of sulfate-reducing and denitrifying bacteria. In certain types of soil, damage correlated with the number of acid-producing microorganisms and aerobic chemoorganotrophs (saprophytes). A correlation was found between the extent of stress-corrosion damage to pipelines and the contents of reduced iron, sulfides, and organic carbon in surrounding ground.

A simplified model of increase in colony diameter is proposed. The model uses the size of single cells and several measurements of colony diameter during linear growth for calculating with good approximation the growth curve for the culture from the moment of inoculation. The parameter mu(m)', which is approximately 10% lower than the maximum specific growth rate of the colony biomass, could be also calculated. The effect of copper sulfate on the colony growth of Pseudomonas sp. G-1 was studied using the model. A high concentration of Cu2+ ions was found to result in decreases in the value of mu(m)', colony diameter, and the rate of increase in the colony diameter.

An ultrasonic method is used to study the onset of ion transport inlithium oxides in a ceramic of the Li-Si-Ge-As-S-O system. The onset temperature for ion transport estimated from the temperature dependence of the relative change in the propagation speed of ultrasound is the same as that obtained by other methods, which indicates that the ultrasonic method is applicable to studies of the onset of ion conductivity inlithium oxide semiconductors.

We obtain relations between the dielectric permittivity and the density of monatomic and polyatomic nonpolar dielectrics in the gas and liquid states. The relations lead to a constant value of the polarizability of atoms and molecules over a wide range of the state parameters.

An analysis of the magnetization processes in magnetic films must take into account the fields arising from the nonuniformity of the film magnetization. Equations are obtained involving the fields of magnetic poles distributed over the film surface. These equations are applicable to continuous films as well as to separate magnetic thin film strips. The magnetization distribution is determined for a hard direction field by a numerical solution of the basic integro-differential equations. [Russian Text Ignored].

The state of E. coli B genome after low-temperature freezing and subsequent thawing (F--T) has been studied. The study has shown that in the process of F--T the DNA of the cells remains intact. But after thawing the incubation of the cells at 37 degrees C leads to the accumulation of ruptures in their DNA and its low-molecular decomposition products. At the same time the processes of the synthesis of DNA and proteins are suppressed to a considerable extent. Repeated F--T cycles enhance, on one hand, the inhibition of the processes of synthesis and, on the other hand, the activation of DNA metabolic decomposition. Such unbalance of the competitive enzymatic systems governing the synthesis and decomposition of DNA, which appears in the process of the revival of the cell from anabiosis, leads supposedly to the accumulation of ruptures and "gaps" in its DNA and, as a result, to the fragmentation of the genome and the death of the cell.

Changes in the mobility of phospholipid molecules in liposomes membranes under adsorption ferricytochrome c on its surface were studied by means of NMR and EPR spectroscopy. It is found that the interaction of cytochrome molecules with vesicles causes the broadening of 1H-NMR signals of hydrophobic as well as polar groups in cardiolipin and phosphatidylcholine in the presence of lauric or phosphatidic acid. This broadening of 1H-NMR signals in hydrophobic groups may be caused by decrease in the rate of lateral diffusion of phospholipid molecules. The changes in the correlation time of hydrophobic spin-proub in liposomes containing phosphatydiloholine and cardiolipin with the increase of ferricytochrome c concentration were also observed. These changes suggest that the formation of protein-phospholipid clusters results in the impair of the regular structure of phospholipid bilayer.

Temperature dependence of spin-spin proton relaxation times of DNA and bound water and the content of bound water in the samples of DNA, saturated with water in the atmosphere with different relative humidities from 0 to 100% were studied by means of pulsed NMR. It is shown that the temperature transition in the system of DNA-bound water in the interval 18-35 degrees is observed only when the relative humidity is more than 70% and the double-stranded structure of DNA exists. The transition of DNA from one conformation into another passes through some intermediate state more labile and probably less ordered. This transition is accompanied by changes in the structure of the hydration shell. In the case when relative humidity is greater than 80%, the partial dehydration of DNA stimulated by the transition is observed. This dehydration increases with the increase of relative humidity.