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189 results on '"V. Guidi"'

1. Low-energy spectrum of the BULLKID detector array operated on surface

Author

D. Delicato, A. Ahmad, L. Bandiera, M. Calvo, M. Cappelli, G. Del Castello, M. del Gallo Roccagiovine, M. Giammei, V. Guidi, D. Maiello, V. Pettinacci, M. Romagnoni, M. Tamisari, A. Cruciani, A. Mazzolari, A. Monfardini, and M. Vignati

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract We present the first continuous operation in a surface lab of BULLKID, a detector for searches of light Dark Matter and precision measurements of the coherent and elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering. The detector consists of an array of 60 cubic silicon particle absorbers of 0.34 g each, sensed by cryogenic kinetic inductance detectors. The data presented focusses on one of the central elements of the array and on its surrounding elements used as veto. The energy spectrum resulting from an exposure of 39 h to ambient backgrounds, obtained without radiation shields, is flat at the level of $$(2.0\pm 0.1\,\mathrm{stat.}\pm 0.2\,\mathrm{syst.})\times 10^6$$ ( 2.0 ± 0.1 stat . ± 0.2 syst . ) × 10 6 counts/keV kg days down to the energy threshold of $$160\pm 13$$ 160 ± 13 eV. The data analysis demonstrates the unique capability of rejecting backgrounds generated from interactions in other sites of the array, stemming from the segmented and monolithic structure of the detector.

Published
2024
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2. Strong enhancement of electromagnetic shower development induced by high-energy photons in a thick oriented tungsten crystal

Author

M. Soldani, L. Bandiera, M. Moulson, G. Ballerini, V. G. Baryshevsky, L. Bomben, C. Brizzolari, N. Charitonidis, G. L. D’Alessandro, D. De Salvador, M. van Dijk, G. Georgiev, A. Gianoli, V. Guidi, V. Haurylavets, A. S. Lobko, T. Maiolino, V. Mascagna, A. Mazzolari, F. C. Petrucci, M. Prest, M. Romagnoni, P. Rubin, D. Soldi, A. Sytov, V. V. Tikhomirov, and E. Vallazza

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract We have observed a significant enhancement in the energy deposition by 25– $$100~\textrm{GeV}$$ 100 GeV photons in a $$1~\textrm{cm}$$ 1 cm thick tungsten crystal oriented along its $$\langle 111 \rangle $$ ⟨ 111 ⟩ lattice axes. At $$100~\textrm{GeV}$$ 100 GeV , this enhancement, with respect to the value observed without axial alignment, is more than twofold. This effect, together with the measured huge increase in secondary particle generation is ascribed to the acceleration of the electromagnetic shower development by the strong axial electric field. The experimental results have been critically compared with a newly developed Monte Carlo adapted for use with crystals of multi- $$X_0$$ X 0 thickness. The results presented in this paper may prove to be of significant interest for the development of high-performance photon absorbers and highly compact electromagnetic calorimeters and beam dumps for use at the energy and intensity frontiers.

Published
2023
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3. A highly-compact and ultra-fast homogeneous electromagnetic calorimeter based on oriented lead tungstate crystals

Author

L. Bandiera, V. G. Baryshevsky, N. Canale, S. Carsi, S. Cutini, F. Davì, D. De Salvador, A. Gianoli, V. Guidi, V. Haurylavets, M. Korjik, A. S. Lobko, L. Malagutti, A. Mazzolari, L. Montalto, P. Monti Guarnieri, M. Moulson, R. Negrello, G. Paternò, M. Presti, D. Rinaldi, M. Romagnoni, A. Selmi, F. Sgarbossa, M. Soldani, A. Sytov, V. V. Tikhomirov, and E. Vallazza

Subjects
channeling, crystals, electromagnetic calorimeter, inorganic scintillator, strong field, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Progress in high-energy physics has been closely tied to the development of high-performance electromagnetic calorimeters. Recent experiments have demonstrated the possibility to significantly accelerate the development of electromagnetic showers inside scintillating crystals typically used in homogeneous calorimeters based on scintillating crystals when the incident beam is aligned with a crystallographic axis to within a few mrad. In particular, a reduction of the radiation length has been measured when ultrarelativistic electron and photon beams were incident on a high-Z scintillator crystal along one of its main axes. Here, we propose the possibility to exploit this physical effect for the design of a new type of compact e.m. calorimeter, based on oriented ultra-fast lead tungstate (PWO-UF) crystals, with a significant reduction in the depth needed to contain electromagnetic showers produced by high-energy particles with respect to the state-of-the-art. We report results from tests of the crystallographic quality of PWO-UF samples via high-resolution X-ray diffraction and photoelastic analysis. We then describe a proof-of-concept calorimeter geometry defined with a Geant4 model including the shower development in oriented crystals. Finally, we discuss the experimental techniques needed for the realization of a matrix of scintillator crystals oriented along a specific crystallographic direction. Since the angular acceptance for e.m. shower acceleration depends little on the particle energy, while the decrease of the shower length remains pronounced at very high energy, an oriented crystal calorimeter will open the way for applications at the maximum energies achievable in current and future experiments. Such applications span from forward calorimeters, to compact beam dumps for the search for light dark matter, to source-pointing space-borne γ-ray telescopes, to decrease the size and the cost of the calorimeter needed to fully contain e.m. showers initiated by GeV to TeV particles.

Published
2023
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4. Crystal-based pair production for a lepton collider positron source

Author

L. Bandiera, L. Bomben, R. Camattari, G. Cavoto, I. Chaikovska, R. Chehab, D. De Salvador, V. Guidi, V. Haurylavets, E. Lutsenko, V. Mascagna, A. Mazzolari, M. Prest, M. Romagnoni, F. Ronchetti, F. Sgarbossa, M. Soldani, A. Sytov, M. Tamisari, V. Tikhomirov, and E. Vallazza

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract An intense positron sources is a demanding element in the design of future lepton colliders. A crystal-based hybrid positron source could be an alternative to a more conventional scheme based on the electron conversion into positron in a thick amorphous target. The conceptual idea of the hybrid source is to have two separate objects, a photon radiator and a photon-to-positron converter target. In such a scheme an electron beam crosses a thin axially oriented crystal with the emission of a channeling radiation, characterized by a considerably larger amount of photons if compared to Bremsstrahlung. The net result is an increase in the number of produced positrons at the converter target. In this paper we present the results of a beam test conducted at the DESY TB 21 with 5.6 GeV electron beam and a crystalline tungsten radiator. Experimental data clearly highlight an increased production of photons and they are critically compared with the outcomes of novel method to simulate the number of radiated photons, showing a very good agreement. Strong of this, the developed simulation tool has been exploited to design a simple scheme for a positron source based on oriented crystal, demonstrating the advantages in terms of reduction of both deposited energy and the peak energy deposition density if compared to conventional sources. The presented work opens the way for a realistic and detailed design of a hybrid crystal-based positron source for future lepton colliders.

Published
2022
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5. First design of a crystal-based extraction of 6 GeV electrons for the DESY II Booster Synchrotron

Author

A. Sytov, G. Kube, L. Bandiera, P. Cirrone, H. Ehrlichmann, V. Guidi, V. Haurylavets, M. Romagnoni, M. Soldani, M. Stanitzki, M. Tamisari, V. Tikhomirov, K. Wittenburg, and A. Mazzolari

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract A proof-of-principle experimental setup for the extraction of 6 GeV electrons from the DESY II Booster Synchrotron using the channeling effect in a bent crystal is elaborated. Various aspects of the experimental setup were investigated in detail, such as the particle beam dynamics during the extraction process, the manufacturing and characterization of bent crystals, and the detection of the extracted beam. In order to optimize the crystal geometry, the overall process of beam extraction was simulated, taking into account the influence of radiation energy losses. As result it is concluded that the multi-turn electron beam extraction efficiency can reach up to 16%. In principle this crystal-based beam extraction technique can be applied at any electron synchrotron in order to provide multi-GeV electron beams in a parasitic mode. This technique will allow to supply fixed-target experiments by intense high-quality monoenergetic electron beams. Furthermore, electron/positron crystal-based extraction from future lepton colliders may provide an access to unique experimental conditions for ultra-high energy fixed-target experiments including searches for new physics beyond the Standard Model.

Published
2022
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6. Investigation on radiation generated by sub-GeV electrons in ultrashort silicon and germanium bent crystals

Author

L. Bandiera, A. Sytov, D. De Salvador, A. Mazzolari, E. Bagli, R. Camattari, S. Carturan, C. Durighello, G. Germogli, V. Guidi, P. Klag, W. Lauth, G. Maggioni, V. Mascagna, M. Prest, M. Romagnoni, M. Soldani, V. V. Tikhomirov, and E. Vallazza

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract We report on the measurements of the spectra of gamma radiation generated by 855 MeV electrons in bent silicon and germanium crystals at MAMI (MAinzer MIkrotron). The crystals were 15 $$\upmu \text {m}$$ μ m thick along the beam direction to ensure high deflection efficiency. Their (111) crystalline planes were bent by means of a piezo-actuated mechanical holder, which allowed to remotely change the crystal curvature. In such a way it was possible to investigate the radiation emitted under planar channeling and volume reflection as a function of the curvature of the crystalline planes. We showed that, using volume reflection, intense gamma radiation can be produced – with intensity comparable to that obtained in channeling but with higher angular acceptance. We studied the trade-off between radiation intensity and angular acceptance at different values of the crystal curvature. The measurements of radiation spectra have been carried out for the first time in bent germanium crystals. In particular, the intensity of radiation in the germanium crystal is higher than in the silicon one due to the higher atomic number, which is important for the development of the X-ray and gamma radiation sources based on higher-Z deformed crystals, such as crystalline undulators.

Published
2021
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7. Investigation on steering of ultrarelativistic $$e^{\pm }$$ e ± beam through an axially oriented bent crystal

Author

L. Bandiera, I. V. Kyryllin, C. Brizzolari, R. Camattari, N. Charitonidis, D. De Salvador, V. Guidi, V. Mascagna, A. Mazzolari, M. Prest, M. Romagnoni, N. F. Shul’ga, M. Soldani, A. Sytov, and E. Vallazza

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract An investigation on stochastic deflection of high-energy charged particles in a bent crystal was carried out. In particular, we investigated the deflection efficiency under axial confinement of both positively and negatively charged particles as a function of the crystal orientation, the choice of the bending plane, and of the charge sign. Analytic estimations and numerical simulations were compared with dedicated experiments at the H4 secondary beam line of SPS North Area, with 120 GeV/c electrons and positrons. In the work presented in this article, the optimal orientations of the plane of bending of the crystal, which allow deflecting the largest number of charged particles using a bent crystal in axial orientation, were found.

Published
2021
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8. Broad angular anisotropy of multiple scattering in a Si crystal

Author

A. Mazzolari, A. Sytov, L. Bandiera, G. Germogli, M. Romagnoni, E. Bagli, V. Guidi, V. V. Tikhomirov, D. De Salvador, S. Carturan, C. Durigello, G. Maggioni, M. Campostrini, A. Berra, V. Mascagna, M. Prest, E. Vallazza, W. Lauth, P. Klag, and M. Tamisari

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract We observed reduction of multiple Coulomb scattering of 855 MeV electrons within a Si crystalline plate w.r.t. an amorphous plate with the same mass thickness. The reduction owed to complete or partial suppression of the coherent part of multiple scattering in a crystal vs crystal orientation with the beam. Experimental data were collected at Mainz Mikrotron and critically compared to theoretical predictions and Monte Carlo simulations. Our results highlighted maximal 7% reduction of the r.m.s. scattering angle at certain beam alignment with the [100] crystal axes. However, partial reduction was recorded over a wide range of alignment of the electron beam with the crystal up to 15$$^{\circ }$$ ∘ . This evidence may be relevant to refine the modelling of multiple scattering in crystals for currently used software, which is interesting for detectors in nuclear, medical, high energy physics.

Published
2020
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9. Beam steering performance of bent silicon crystals irradiated with high-intensity and high-energy protons

Author

W. Scandale, M. Calviani, M. D’Andrea, L. S. Esposito, M. Garattini, S. Gilardoni, S. Montesano, A. Natochii, R. Rossi, G. I. Smirnov, C. L. Torregrosa Martin, V. Zhovkovska, E. Bagli, L. Bandiera, V. Guidi, A. Mazzolari, M. Romagnoni, F. Murtas, F. Galluccio, F. Addesa, F. Iacoangeli, A. D. Kovalenko, A. M. Taratin, Yu. A. Gavrikov, Yu. M. Ivanov, M. A. Koznov, M. V. Malkov, L. G. Malyarenko, I. G. Mamunct, J. Borg, T. James, G. Hall, and M. Pesaresi

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract Beam steering performance of bent silicon crystals irradiated with high-intensity and high-energy protons has been studied. In particular, crystals of the type used for collimation and extraction purposes in the Large Hadron Collider and the Super Proton Synchrotron at CERN have been irradiated at the HiRadMat CERN facility with $$2.5 \times 10^{13}$$ 2.5×1013 440 GeV/c protons, with a pulse length of 7.2 $$\upmu $$ μ s. The purpose is to study possible changes in bending angle and channeling efficiency due to thermo-mechanical stresses in case of accidental irradiation during accelerator operations. A comparison between measurements performed before and after the irradiation does not show any appreciable performance reduction in either crystal.

Published
2019
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10. FCC Physics Opportunities

Author

A. Abada, M. Abbrescia, S. S. AbdusSalam, I. Abdyukhanov, J. Abelleira Fernandez, A. Abramov, M. Aburaia, A. O. Acar, P. R. Adzic, P. Agrawal, J. A. Aguilar-Saavedra, J. J. Aguilera-Verdugo, M. Aiba, I. Aichinger, G. Aielli, A. Akay, A. Akhundov, H. Aksakal, J. L. Albacete, S. Albergo, A. Alekou, M. Aleksa, R. Aleksan, R. M. Alemany Fernandez, Y. Alexahin, R. G. Alía, S. Alioli, N. Alipour Tehrani, B. C. Allanach, P. P. Allport, M. Altınlı, W. Altmannshofer, G. Ambrosio, D. Amorim, O. Amstutz, L. Anderlini, A. Andreazza, M. Andreini, A. Andriatis, C. Andris, A. Andronic, M. Angelucci, F. Antinori, S. A. Antipov, M. Antonelli, M. Antonello, P. Antonioli, S. Antusch, F. Anulli, L. Apolinário, G. Apollinari, A. Apollonio, D. Appelö, R. B. Appleby, Ara. Apyan, Arm. Apyan, A. Arbey, A. Arbuzov, G. Arduini, V. Arı, S. Arias, N. Armesto, R. Arnaldi, S. A. Arsenyev, M. Arzeo, S. Asai, E. Aslanides, R. W. Aßmann, D. Astapovych, M. Atanasov, S. Atieh, D. Attié, B. Auchmann, A. Audurier, S. Aull, S. Aumon, S. Aune, F. Avino, G. Avrillaud, G. Aydın, A. Azatov, G. Azuelos, P. Azzi, O. Azzolini, P. Azzurri, N. Bacchetta, E. Bacchiocchi, H. Bachacou, Y. W. Baek, V. Baglin, Y. Bai, S. Baird, M. J. Baker, M. J. Baldwin, A. H. Ball, A. Ballarino, S. Banerjee, D. P. Barber, D. Barducci, P. Barjhoux, D. Barna, G. G. Barnaföldi, M. J. Barnes, A. Barr, J. Barranco García, J. Barreiro Guimarães da Costa, W. Bartmann, V. Baryshevsky, E. Barzi, S. A. Bass, A. Bastianin, B. Baudouy, F. Bauer, M. Bauer, T. Baumgartner, I. Bautista-Guzmán, C. Bayındır, F. Beaudette, F. Bedeschi, M. Béguin, I. Bellafont, L. Bellagamba, N. Bellegarde, E. Belli, E. Bellingeri, F. Bellini, G. Bellomo, S. Belomestnykh, G. Bencivenni, M. Benedikt, G. Bernardi, J. Bernardi, C. Bernet, J. M. Bernhardt, C. Bernini, C. Berriaud, A. Bertarelli, S. Bertolucci, M. I. Besana, M. Besançon, O. Beznosov, P. Bhat, C. Bhat, M. E. Biagini, J.-L. Biarrotte, A. Bibet Chevalier, E. R. Bielert, M. Biglietti, G. M. Bilei, B. Bilki, C. Biscari, F. Bishara, O. R. Blanco-García, F. R. Blánquez, F. Blekman, A. Blondel, J. Blümlein, T. Boccali, R. Boels, S. A. Bogacz, A. Bogomyagkov, O. Boine-Frankenheim, M. J. Boland, S. Bologna, O. Bolukbasi, M. Bomben, S. Bondarenko, M. Bonvini, E. Boos, B. Bordini, F. Bordry, G. Borghello, L. Borgonovi, S. Borowka, D. Bortoletto, D. Boscherini, M. Boscolo, S. Boselli, R. R. Bosley, F. Bossu, C. Botta, L. Bottura, R. Boughezal, D. Boutin, G. Bovone, I. Božović Jelisavc̆ić, A. Bozbey, C. Bozzi, D. Bozzini, V. Braccini, S. Braibant-Giacomelli, J. Bramante, P. Braun-Munzinger, J. A. Briffa, D. Britzger, S. J. Brodsky, J. J. Brooke, R. Bruce, P. Brückman De Renstrom, E. Bruna, O. Brüning, O. Brunner, K. Brunner, P. Bruzzone, X. Buffat, E. Bulyak, F. Burkart, H. Burkhardt, J.-P. Burnet, F. Butin, D. Buttazzo, A. Butterworth, M. Caccia, Y. Cai, B. Caiffi, V. Cairo, O. Cakir, R. Calaga, S. Calatroni, G. Calderini, G. Calderola, A. Caliskan, D. Calvet, M. Calviani, J. M. Camalich, P. Camarri, M. Campanelli, T. Camporesi, A. C. Canbay, A. Canepa, E. Cantergiani, D. Cantore-Cavalli, M. Capeans, R. Cardarelli, U. Cardella, A. Cardini, C. M. Carloni Calame, F. Carra, S. Carra, A. Carvalho, S. Casalbuoni, J. Casas, M. Cascella, P. Castelnovo, G. Castorina, G. Catalano, V. Cavasinni, E. Cazzato, E. Cennini, A. Cerri, F. Cerutti, J. Cervantes, I. Chaikovska, J. Chakrabortty, M. Chala, M. Chamizo-Llatas, H. Chanal, D. Chanal, S. Chance, A. Chancé, P. Charitos, J. Charles, T. K. Charles, S. Chattopadhyay, R. Chehab, S. V. Chekanov, N. Chen, A. Chernoded, V. Chetvertkova, L. Chevalier, G. Chiarelli, G. Chiarello, M. Chiesa, P. Chiggiato, J. T. Childers, A. Chmielińska, A. Cholakian, P. Chomaz, M. Chorowski, W. Chou, M. Chrzaszcz, E. Chyhyrynets, G. Cibinetto, A. K. Ciftci, R. Ciftci, R. Cimino, M. Ciuchini, P. J. Clark, Y. Coadou, M. Cobal, A. Coccaro, J. Cogan, E. Cogneras, F. Collamati, C. Colldelram, P. Collier, J. Collot, R. Contino, F. Conventi, C. T. A. Cook, L. Cooley, G. Corcella, A. S. Cornell, G. H. Corral, H. Correia-Rodrigues, F. Costanza, P. Costa Pinto, F. Couderc, J. Coupard, N. Craig, I. Crespo Garrido, A. Crivellin, J. F. Croteau, M. Crouch, E. Cruz Alaniz, B. Curé, J. Curti, D. Curtin, M. Czech, C. Dachauer, R. T. D’Agnolo, M. Daibo, A. Dainese, B. Dalena, A. Daljevec, W. Dallapiazza, L. D’Aloia Schwartzentruber, M. Dam, G. D’Ambrosio, S. P. Das, S. DasBakshi, W. da Silva, G. G. da Silveira, V. D’Auria, S. D’Auria, A. David, T. Davidek, A. Deandrea, J. de Blas, C. J. Debono, S. De Curtis, N. De Filippis, D. de Florian, S. Deghaye, S. J. de Jong, C. Del Bo, V. Del Duca, D. Delikaris, F. Deliot, A. Dell’Acqua, L. Delle Rose, M. Delmastro, E. De Lucia, M. Demarteau, D. Denegri, L. Deniau, D. Denisov, H. Denizli, A. Denner, D. d’Enterria, G. de Rijk, A. De Roeck, F. Derue, O. Deschamps, S. Descotes-Genon, P. S. B. Dev, J. B. de Vivie de Régie, R. K. Dewanjee, A. Di Ciaccio, A. Di Cicco, B. M. Dillon, B. Di Micco, P. Di Nezza, S. Di Vita, A. Doblhammer, A. Dominjon, M. D’Onofrio, F. Dordei, A. Drago, P. Draper, Z. Drasal, M. Drewes, L. Duarte, I. Dubovyk, P. Duda, A. Dudarev, L. Dudko, D. Duellmann, M. Dünser, T. du Pree, M. Durante, H. Duran Yildiz, S. Dutta, F. Duval, J. M. Duval, Ya. Dydyshka, B. Dziewit, S. Eisenhardt, M. Eisterer, T. Ekelof, D. El Khechen, S. A. Ellis, J. Ellis, J. A. Ellison, K. Elsener, M. Elsing, Y. Enari, C. Englert, H. Eriksson, K. J. Eskola, L. S. Esposito, O. Etisken, E. Etzion, P. Fabbricatore, A. Falkowski, A. Falou, J. Faltova, J. Fan, L. Fanò, A. Farilla, R. Farinelli, S. Farinon, D. A. Faroughy, S. D. Fartoukh, A. Faus-Golfe, W. J. Fawcett, G. Felici, L. Felsberger, C. Ferdeghini, A. M. Fernandez Navarro, A. Fernández-Téllez, J. Ferradas Troitino, G. Ferrara, R. Ferrari, L. Ferreira, P. Ferreira da Silva, G. Ferrera, F. Ferro, M. Fiascaris, S. Fiorendi, C. Fiorio, O. Fischer, E. Fischer, W. Flieger, M. Florio, D. Fonnesu, E. Fontanesi, N. Foppiani, K. Foraz, D. Forkel-Wirth, S. Forte, M. Fouaidy, D. Fournier, T. Fowler, J. Fox, P. Francavilla, R. Franceschini, S. Franchino, E. Franco, A. Freitas, B. Fuks, K. Furukawa, S. V. Furuseth, E. Gabrielli, A. Gaddi, M. Galanti, E. Gallo, S. Ganjour, Jia. Gao, Jie. Gao, V. Garcia Diaz, M. García Pérez, L. García Tabarés, C. Garion, M. V. Garzelli, I. Garzia, S. M. Gascon-Shotkin, G. Gaudio, P. Gay, S.-F. Ge, T. Gehrmann, M. H. Genest, R. Gerard, F. Gerigk, H. Gerwig, P. Giacomelli, S. Giagu, E. Gianfelice-Wendt, F. Gianotti, F. Giffoni, S. S. Gilardoni, M. Gil Costa, M. Giovannetti, M. Giovannozzi, P. Giubellino, G. F. Giudice, A. Giunta, L. K. Gladilin, S. Glukhov, J. Gluza, G. Gobbi, B. Goddard, F. Goertz, T. Golling, D. Gonçalves, V. P. Goncalves, R. Gonçalo, L. A. Gonzalez Gomez, S. Gorgi Zadeh, G. Gorine, E. Gorini, S. A. Gourlay, L. Gouskos, F. Grancagnolo, A. Grassellino, A. Grau, E. Graverini, H. M. Gray, Ma. Greco, Mi. Greco, J.-L. Grenard, O. Grimm, C. Grojean, V. A. Gromov, J. F. Grosse-Oetringhaus, A. Grudiev, K. Grzanka, J. Gu, D. Guadagnoli, V. Guidi, S. Guiducci, G. Guillermo Canton, Y. O. Günaydin, R. Gupta, R. S. Gupta, J. Gutierrez, J. Gutleber, C. Guyot, V. Guzey, C. Gwenlan, Ch. Haberstroh, B. Hacışahinoğlu, B. Haerer, K. Hahn, T. Hahn, A. Hammad, C. Han, M. Hance, A. Hannah, P. C. Harris, C. Hati, S. Haug, J. Hauptman, V. Haurylavets, H-J. He, A. Hegglin, B. Hegner, K. Heinemann, S. Heinemeyer, C. Helsens, Ana. Henriques, And. Henriques, P. Hernandez, R. J. Hernández-Pinto, J. Hernandez-Sanchez, T. Herzig, I. Hiekkanen, W. Hillert, T. Hoehn, M. Hofer, W. Höfle, F. Holdener, S. Holleis, B. Holzer, D. K. Hong, C. G. Honorato, S. C. Hopkins, J. Hrdinka, F. Hug, B. Humann, H. Humer, T. Hurth, A. Hutton, G. Iacobucci, N. Ibarrola, L. Iconomidou-Fayard, K. Ilyina-Brunner, J. Incandela, A. Infantino, V. Ippolito, M. Ishino, R. Islam, H. Ita, A. Ivanovs, S. Iwamoto, A. Iyer, S. Izquierdo Bermudez, S. Jadach, D. O. Jamin, P. Janot, P. Jarry, A. Jeff, P. Jenny, E. Jensen, M. Jensen, X. Jiang, J. M. Jiménez, M. A. Jones, O. R. Jones, J. M. Jowett, S. Jung, W. Kaabi, M. Kado, K. Kahle, L. Kalinovskaya, J. Kalinowski, J. F. Kamenik, K. Kannike, S. O. Kara, H. Karadeniz, V. Karaventzas, I. Karpov, S. Kartal, A. Karyukhin, V. Kashikhin, J. Katharina Behr, U. Kaya, J. Keintzel, P. A. Keinz, K. Keppel, R. Kersevan, K. Kershaw, H. Khanpour, S. Khatibi, M. Khatiri Yanehsari, V. V. Khoze, J. Kieseler, A. Kilic, A. Kilpinen, Y.-K. Kim, D. W. Kim, U. Klein, M. Klein, F. Kling, N. Klinkenberg, S. Klöppel, M. Klute, V. I. Klyukhin, M. Knecht, B. Kniehl, F. Kocak, C. Koeberl, A. M. Kolano, A. Kollegger, K. Kołodziej, A. A. Kolomiets, J. Komppula, I. Koop, P. Koppenburg, M. Koratzinos, M. Kordiaczyńska, M. Korjik, O. Kortner, P. Kostka, W. Kotlarski, C. Kotnig, T. Köttig, A. V. Kotwal, A. D. Kovalenko, S. Kowalski, J. Kozaczuk, G. A. Kozlov, S. S. Kozub, A. M. Krainer, T. Kramer, M. Krämer, M. Krammer, A. A. Krasnov, F. Krauss, K. Kravalis, L. Kretzschmar, R. M. Kriske, H. Kritscher, P. Krkotic, H. Kroha, M. Kucharczyk, S. Kuday, A. Kuendig, G. Kuhlmann, A. Kulesza, Mi. Kumar, Mu. Kumar, A. Kusina, S. Kuttimalai, M. Kuze, T. Kwon, F. Lackner, M. Lackner, E. La Francesca, M. Laine, G. Lamanna, S. La Mendola, E. Lançon, G. Landsberg, P. Langacker, C. Lange, A. Langner, A. J. Lankford, J. P. Lansberg, T. Lari, P. J. Laycock, P. Lebrun, A. Lechner, K. Lee, S. Lee, R. Lee, T. Lefevre, P. Le Guen, T. Lehtinen, S. B. Leith, P. Lenzi, E. Leogrande, C. Leonidopoulos, I. Leon-Monzon, G. Lerner, O. Leroy, T. Lesiak, P. Lévai, A. Leveratto, E. Levichev, G. Li, S. Li, R. Li, D. Liberati, M. Liepe, D. A. Lissauer, Z. Liu, A. Lobko, E. Locci, E. Logothetis Agaliotis, M. P. Lombardo, A. J. Long, C. Lorin, R. Losito, A. Louzguiti, I. Low, D. Lucchesi, M. T. Lucchini, A. Luciani, M. Lueckhof, A. J. G. Lunt, M. Luzum, D. A. Lyubimtsev, M. Maggiora, N. Magnin, M. A. Mahmoud, F. Mahmoudi, J. Maitre, V. Makarenko, A. Malagoli, J. Malclés, L. Malgeri, P. J. Mallon, F. Maltoni, S. Malvezzi, O. B. Malyshev, G. Mancinelli, P. Mandrik, P. Manfrinetti, M. Mangano, P. Manil, M. Mannelli, G. Marchiori, F. Marhauser, V. Mariani, V. Marinozzi, S. Mariotto, P. Marquard, C. Marquet, T. Marriott-Dodington, R. Martin, O. Martin, J. Martin Camalich, T. Martinez, H. Martinez Bruzual, M. I. Martínez-Hernández, D. E. Martins, S. Marzani, D. Marzocca, L. Marzola, S. Masciocchi, I. Masina, A. Massimiliano, A. Massironi, T. Masubuchi, V. A. Matveev, M. A. Mazzoni, M. McCullough, P. A. McIntosh, P. Meade, L. Medina, A. Meier, J. Meignan, B. Mele, J. G. Mendes Saraiva, F. Menez, M. Mentink, E. Meoni, P. Meridiani, M. Merk, P. Mermod, V. Mertens, L. Mether, E. Métral, M. Migliorati, A. Milanese, C. Milardi, G. Milhano, B. L. Militsyn, F. Millet, I. Minashvili, J. V. Minervini, L. S. Miralles, D. Mirarchi, S. Mishima, D. P. Missiaen, G. Mitselmakher, T. Mitsuhashi, J. Mnich, M. Mohammadi Najafabadi, R. N. Mohapatra, N. Mokhov, J. G. Molson, R. Monge, C. Montag, G. Montagna, S. Monteil, G. Montenero, E. Montesinos, F. Moortgat, N. Morange, G. Morello, M. Moreno Llácer, M. Moretti, S. Moretti, A. K. Morley, A. Moros, I. Morozov, V. Morretta, M. Morrone, A. Mostacci, S. Muanza, N. Muchnoi, M. Mühlegger, M. Mulder, M. Mulders, B. Müller, F. Müller, A.-S. Müller, J. Munilla, M. J. Murray, Y. Muttoni, S. Myers, M. Mylona, J. Nachtman, T. Nakamoto, M. Nardecchia, G. Nardini, P. Nason, Z. Nergiz, A. V. Nesterenko, A. Nettsträter, C. Neubüser, J. Neundorf, F. Niccoli, O. Nicrosini, Y. Nie, U. Niedermayer, J. Niedziela, A. Niemi, S. A. Nikitin, A. Nisati, J. M. No, M. Nonis, Y. Nosochkov, M. Novák, A. Novokhatski, J. M. O’Callaghan, C. Ochando, S. Ogur, K. Ohmi, K. Oide, V. A. Okorokov, Y. Okumura, C. Oleari, F. I. Olness, Y. Onel, M. Ortino, J. Osborne, P. Osland, T. Otto, K. Y. Oyulmaz, A. Ozansoy, V. Özcan, K. Özdemir, C. E. Pagliarone, H. F. Pais da Silva, E. Palmieri, L. Palumbo, A. Pampaloni, R.-Q. Pan, M. Panareo, O. Panella, G. Panico, G. Panizzo, A. A. Pankov, V. Pantsyrny, C. G. Papadopoulos, A. Papaefstathiou, Y. Papaphilippou, M. A. Parker, V. Parma, M. Pasquali, S. K. Patra, R. Patterson, H. Paukkunen, F. Pauss, S. Peggs, J.-P. Penttinen, G. Peón, E. E. Perepelkin, E. Perez, J. C. Perez, G. Perez, F. Pérez, E. Perez Codina, J. Perez Morales, M. Perfilov, H. Pernegger, M. Peruzzi, C. Pes, K. Peters, S. Petracca, F. Petriello, L. Pezzotti, S. Pfeiffer, F. Piccinini, T. Pieloni, M. Pierini, H. Pikhartova, G. Pikurs, E. Pilicer, P. Piminov, C. Pira, R. Pittau, W. Płaczek, M. Plagge, T. Plehn, M.-A. Pleier, M. Płoskoń, M. Podeur, H. Podlech, T. Podzorny, L. Poggioli, A. Poiron, G. Polesello, M. Poli Lener, A. Polini, J. Polinski, S. M. Polozov, L. Ponce, M. Pont, L. Pontecorvo, T. Portaluri, K. Potamianos, C. Prasse, M. Prausa, A. Preinerstorfer, E. Premat, T. Price, M. Primavera, F. Prino, M. Prioli, J. Proudfoot, A. Provino, T. Pugnat, N. Pukhaeva, S. Puławski, D. Pulikowski, G. Punzi, M. Putti, A. Pyarelal, H. Quack, M. Quispe, A. Racioppi, H. Rafique, V. Raginel, M. Raidal, N. S. Ramírez-Uribe, M. J. Ramsey-Musolf, R. Rata, P. Ratoff, F. Ravotti, P. Rebello Teles, M. Reboud, S. Redaelli, E. Renner, A. E. Rentería-Olivo, M. Rescigno, J. Reuter, A. Ribon, A. M. Ricci, W. Riegler, S. Riemann, B. Riemann, T. Riemann, J. M. Rifflet, R. A. Rimmer, R. Rinaldesi, L. Rinolfi, O. Rios Rubiras, T. Risselada, A. Rivetti, L. Rivkin, T. Rizzo, T. Robens, F. Robert, A. J. Robson, E. Rochepault, C. Roda, G. Rodrigo, M. Rodríguez-Cahuantzi, C. Rogan, M. Roig, S. Rojas-Torres, J. Rojo, G. Rolandi, G. Rolando, P. Roloff, A. Romanenko, A. Romanov, F. Roncarolo, A. Rosado Sanchez, G. Rosaz, L. Rossi, A. Rossi, R. Rossmanith, B. Rousset, C. Royon, X. Ruan, I. Ruehl, V. Ruhlmann-Kleider, R. Ruiz, L. Rumyantsev, R. Ruprecht, A. I. Ryazanov, A. Saba, R. Sadykov, D. Saez de Jauregui, M. Sahin, B. Sailer, M. Saito, F. Sala, G. P. Salam, J. Salfeld-Nebgen, C. A. Salgado, S. Salini, J. M. Sallese, T. Salmi, A. Salzburger, O. A. Sampayo, S. Sanfilippo, J. Santiago, E. Santopinto, R. Santoro, A. Sanz Ull, X. Sarasola, I. H. Sarpün, M. Sauvain, S. Savelyeva, R. Sawada, G. F. R. Sborlini, A. Schaffer, M. Schaumann, M. Schenk, C. Scheuerlein, I. Schienbein, K. Schlenga, H. Schmickler, R. Schmidt, D. Schoerling, A. Schoning, T. Schörner-Sadenius, M. Schott, D. Schulte, P. Schwaller, C. Schwanenberger, P. Schwemling, N. Schwerg, L. Scibile, A. Sciuto, E. Scomparin, C. Sebastiani, B. Seeber, M. Segreti, P. Selva, M. Selvaggi, C. Senatore, A. Senol, L. Serin, M. Serluca, N. Serra, A. Seryi, L. Sestini, A. Sfyrla, M. Shaposhnikov, E. Shaposhnikova, B. Yu. Sharkov, D. Shatilov, J. Shelton, V. Shiltsev, I. P. Shipsey, G. D. Shirkov, A. Shivaji, D. Shwartz, T. Sian, S. Sidorov, A. Siemko, L. Silvestrini, N. Simand, F. Simon, B. K. Singh, A. Siódmok, Y. Sirois, E. Sirtori, R. Sirvinskaite, B. Sitar, T. Sjöstrand, P. Skands, E. Skordis, K. Skovpen, M. Skrzypek, E. Slade, P. Slavich, R. Slovak, V. Smaluk, V. Smirnov, W. Snoeys, L. Soffi, P. Sollander, O. Solovyanov, H. K. Soltveit, H. Song, P. Sopicki, M. Sorbi, L. Spallino, M. Spannowsky, B. Spataro, P. Sphicas, H. Spiesberger, P. Spiller, M. Spira, T. Srivastava, J. Stachel, A. Stakia, J. L. Stanyard, E. Starchenko, A. Yu. Starikov, A. M. Staśto, M. Statera, R. Steerenberg, J. Steggemann, A. Stenvall, F. Stivanello, D. Stöckinger, L. S. Stoel, M. Stöger-Pollach, B. Strauss, M. Stuart, G. Stupakov, S. Su, A. Sublet, K. Sugita, L. Sulak, M. K. Sullivan, S. Sultansoy, T. Sumida, K. Suzuki, G. Sylva, M. J. Syphers, A. Sznajder, M. Taborelli, N. A. Tahir, E. Tal Hod, M. Takeuchi, C. Tambasco, J. Tanaka, K. Tang, I. Tapan, S. Taroni, G. F. Tartarelli, G. Tassielli, L. Tavian, T. M. Taylor, G. N. Taylor, A. M. Teixeira, G. Tejeda-Muñoz, V. I. Telnov, R. Tenchini, H. H. J. ten Kate, K. Terashi, A. Tesi, M. Testa, C. Tetrel, D. Teytelman, J. Thaler, A. Thamm, S. Thomas, M. T. Tiirakari, V. Tikhomirov, D. Tikhonov, H. Timko, V. Tisserand, L. M. Tkachenko, J. Tkaczuk, J. Ph. Tock, B. Todd, E. Todesco, R. Tomás Garcia, D. Tommasini, G. Tonelli, F. Toral, T. Torims, R. Torre, Z. Townsend, R. Trant, D. Treille, L. Trentadue, A. Tricoli, A. Tricomi, W. Trischuk, I. S. Tropin, B. Tuchming, A. A. Tudora, B. Turbiarz, I. Turk Cakir, M. Turri, T. Tydecks, J. Usovitsch, J. Uythoven, R. Vaglio, A. Valassi, F. Valchkova, M. A. Valdivia Garcia, P. Valente, R. U. Valente, A.-M. Valente-Feliciano, G. Valentino, L. Vale Silva, J. M. Valet, R. Valizadeh, J. W. F. Valle, S. Vallecorsa, G. Vallone, M. van Leeuwen, U. H. van Rienen, L. van Riesen-Haupt, M. Varasteh, L. Vecchi, P. Vedrine, G. Velev, R. Veness, A. Ventura, W. Venturini Delsolaro, M. Verducci, C. B. Verhaaren, C. Vernieri, A. P. Verweij, O. Verwilligen, O. Viazlo, A. Vicini, G. Viehhauser, N. Vignaroli, M. Vignolo, A. Vitrano, I. Vivarelli, S. Vlachos, M. Vogel, D. M. Vogt, V. Völkl, P. Volkov, G. Volpini, J. von Ahnen, G. Vorotnikov, G. G. Voutsinas, V. Vysotsky, U. Wagner, R. Wallny, L.-T. Wang, R. Wang, K. Wang, B. F. L. Ward, T. P. Watson, N. K. Watson, Z. Wa̧s, C. Weiland, S. Weinzierl, C. P. Welsch, J. Wenninger, M. Widorski, U. A. Wiedemann, H.-U. Wienands, G. Wilkinson, P. H. Williams, A. Winter, A. Wohlfahrt, T. Wojtoń, D. Wollmann, J. Womersley, D. Woog, X. Wu, A. Wulzer, M. K. Yanehsari, G. Yang, H. J. Yang, W.-M. Yao, E. Yazgan, V. Yermolchik, Ay. Yilmaz, Al. Yilmaz, H.-D. Yoo, S. A. Yost, T. You, C. Young, T.-T. Yu, F. Yu, A. Zaborowska, S. G. Zadeh, M. Zahnd, M. Zanetti, L. Zanotto, L. Zawiejski, P. Zeiler, M. Zerlauth, S. M. Zernov, G. Zevi Dell Porta, Z. Zhang, Y. Zhang, C. Zhang, H. Zhang, Z. Zhao, Y.-M. Zhong, J. Zhou, D. Zhou, P. Zhuang, G. Zick, F. Zimmermann, J. Zinn-Justin, L. Zivkovic, A. V. Zlobin, M. Zobov, J. Zupan, J. Zurita, and The FCC Collaboration

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract We review the physics opportunities of the Future Circular Collider, covering its e+e-, pp, ep and heavy ion programmes. We describe the measurement capabilities of each FCC component, addressing the study of electroweak, Higgs and strong interactions, the top quark and flavour, as well as phenomena beyond the Standard Model. We highlight the synergy and complementarity of the different colliders, which will contribute to a uniquely coherent and ambitious research programme, providing an unmatchable combination of precision and sensitivity to new physics.

Published
2019
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11. Observation of strong reduction of multiple scattering for channeled particles in bent crystals

Author

W. Scandale, G. Arduini, F. Cerutti, M. Garattini, S. Gilardoni, R. Losito, A. Masi, D. Mirarchi, S. Montesano, S. Redaelli, R. Rossi, G. Smirnov, D. Breton, L. Burmistrov, V. Chaumat, S. Dubos, J. Maalmi, V. Puill, A. Stocchi, E. Bagli, L. Bandiera, M. Romagnoni, V. Guidi, A. Mazzolari, F. Murtas, F. Addesa, G. Cavoto, F. Iacoangeli, F. Galluccio, A.G. Afonin, Yu.A. Chesnokov, A.A. Durum, V.A. Maisheev, Yu.E. Sandomirskiy, A.A. Yanovich, A.D. Kovalenko, A.M. Taratin, A.S. Denisov, Yu.A. Gavrikov, Yu.M. Ivanov, L.P. Lapina, L.G. Malyarenko, V.V. Skorobogatov, G. Auzinger, J. Borg, T. James, G. Hall, and M. Pesaresi

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Strong reduction of multiple scattering for channeled particles has been observed in an experiment on the deflection of a 180 GeV/c π+-meson beam by bent silicon crystals. The RMS deflections due to multiple scattering for the channeled particles were about six times smaller than for non-channeled ones. It was shown that the approach suggested recently for the description of multiple scattering for channeled particles using the experimental data for random crystal orientations gives fair agreement with the experiment. Keywords: Crystal, Channeling, Multiple scattering, Dechanneling, Beam deflection

Published
2020
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12. Bent crystals for efficient beam steering of multi TeV-particle beams

Author

A. Mazzolari, M. Romagnoni, R. Camattari, E. Bagli, L. Bandiera, G. Germogli, V. Guidi, and G. Cavoto

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract Charged particle beams can be manipulated by exploiting the channeling phenomenon in bent crystals. Two plate-like crystals, bent by mechanical holders, were manufactured and characterised for such purpose at the Sensor and Semiconductor Laboratory in Ferrara, Italy. An anticlastic curvature was obtained for these crystals, achieving a steering angle of the order of 1 mrad, which is about 20 times larger than the values currently achieved for the bent crystals used in the LHC for collimation experiments. Finally, a Geant4 simulation was performed to study the channeling efficiency for beam deflection with 400 GeV/c and 7 TeV/c proton beams. Such crystals represent technological progress in the development of bent crystals for highly energetic charged particle beams. Indeed, they are designed to impart an angular kick to a 7 TeV/c proton beam with unprecedented high efficiency. Therefore, this study demonstrates the possibility of realizing bent crystals suitable for beam extraction in high-energy hadron accelerators, such as LHC or at the future FCC. A further series of studies should be conducted to evaluate the channeling efficiency and the deflection angle of the realized crystals via a charged proton beam.

Published
2018
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13. Study of inelastic nuclear interactions of 400 GeV/c protons in bent silicon crystals for beam steering purposes

Author

W. Scandale, F. Andrisani, G. Arduini, F. Cerutti, M. Garattini, S. Gilardoni, A. Masi, D. Mirarchi, S. Montesano, S. Petrucci, S. Redaelli, P. Schoofs, R. Rossi, D. Breton, D. Chaumat, S. Dubos, J. Maalmi, A. Natochii, V. Puill, A. Stocchi, E. Bagli, L. Bandiera, G. Germogli, V. Guidi, A. Mazzolari, F. Murtas, F. Addesa, G. Cavoto, F. Iacoangeli, F. Galluccio, A. G. Afonin, Yu. A. Chesnokov, A. A. Durum, V. A. Maisheev, Yu. E. Sandomirskiy, A. A. Yanovich, A. D. Kovalenko, A. M. Taratin, G. I. Smirnov, A. S. Desinov, Yu. A. Gavrikov, Yu. M. Ivanov, L. P. Lapina, L. G. Malyarenko, V. V. Skorobogatov, J. Fulcher, T. James, G. Hall, M. Pesaresi, and M. Raymond

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract Inelastic nuclear interaction probability of 400 GeV/c protons interacting with bent silicon crystals was investigated, in particular for both types of crystals installed at the CERN Large Hadron Collider for beam collimation purposes. In comparison to amorphous scattering interaction, in planar channeling this probability is $$\sim 36\%$$ ∼36% for the quasi-mosaic type (planes (111)), and $$\sim 27\%$$ ∼27% for the strip type (planes (110)). Moreover, the absolute inelastic nuclear interaction probability in the axial channeling orientation, along the $$\langle 110\rangle $$ ⟨110⟩ axis, was estimated for the first time, finding a value of $$0.6\%$$ 0.6% for a crystal 2 mm long along the beam direction, with a bending angle of 55 $$\upmu $$ μ rad. This value is more than two times lower with respect to the planar channeling orientation of the same crystal, and increases with the vertical angular misalignment. Finally, the correlation between the inelastic nuclear interaction probability in the planar channeling and the silicon crystal curvature is reported.

Published
2018
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14. Electromagnetic dipole moments of charged baryons with bent crystals at the LHC

Author

E. Bagli, L. Bandiera, G. Cavoto, V. Guidi, L. Henry, D. Marangotto, F. Martinez Vidal, A. Mazzolari, A. Merli, N. Neri, and J. Ruiz Vidal

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract We propose a unique program of measurements of electric and magnetic dipole moments of charm, beauty and strange charged baryons at the LHC, based on the phenomenon of spin precession of channeled particles in bent crystals. Studies of crystal channeling and spin precession of positively- and negatively-charged particles are presented, along with feasibility studies and expected sensitivities for the proposed experiment using a layout based on the LHCb detector.

Published
2017
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15. Steering of Sub-GeV electrons by ultrashort Si and Ge bent crystals

Author

A. I. Sytov, L. Bandiera, D. De Salvador, A. Mazzolari, E. Bagli, A. Berra, S. Carturan, C. Durighello, G. Germogli, V. Guidi, P. Klag, W. Lauth, G. Maggioni, M. Prest, M. Romagnoni, V. V. Tikhomirov, and E. Vallazza

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract We report the observation of the steering of 855 MeV electrons by bent silicon and germanium crystals at the MAinzer MIkrotron. Crystals with 15 $$\upmu $$ μ m of length, bent along (111) planes, were exploited to investigate orientational coherent effects. By using a piezo-actuated mechanical holder, which allowed to remotely change the crystal curvature, it was possible to study the steering capability of planar channeling and volume reflection vs. the curvature radius and the atomic number, Z. For silicon, the channeling efficiency exceeds 35%, a record for negatively charged particles. This was possible due to the realization of a crystal with a thickness of the order of the dechanneling length. On the other hand, for germanium the efficiency is slightly below 10% due to the stronger contribution of multiple scattering for a higher-Z material. Nevertheless this is the first evidence of negative beam steering by planar channeling in a Ge crystal. Having determined for the first time the dechanneling length, one may design a Ge crystal based on such knowledge providing nearly the same channeling efficiency of silicon. The presented results are relevant for crystal-based beam manipulation as well as for the generation of e.m. radiation in bent and periodically bent crystals.

Published
2017
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16. Erratum to: Electromagnetic dipole moments of charged baryons with bent crystals at the LHC

Author

E. Bagli, L. Bandiera, G. Cavoto, V. Guidi, L. Henry, D. Marangotto, F. Martinez Vidal, A. Mazzolari, A. Merli, N. Neri, J. Ruiz Vidal, A. Sytov, and V. Tikhomirov

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

In this Erratum, an improved simulation of the channeling efficiency of protons and antiprotons as a function of the particle momentum is shown in for different configurations

Published
2020
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17. High-efficiency deflection of high energy protons due to channeling along the 〈110〉 axis of a bent silicon crystal

Author

W. Scandale, G. Arduini, M. Butcher, F. Cerutti, M. Garattini, S. Gilardoni, A. Lechner, A. Masi, D. Mirarchi, S. Montesano, S. Redaelli, R. Rossi, G. Smirnov, D. Breton, L. Burmistrov, V. Chaumat, S. Dubos, J. Maalmi, V. Puill, A. Stocchi, E. Bagli, L. Bandiera, G. Germogli, V. Guidi, A. Mazzolari, S. Dabagov, F. Murtas, F. Addesa, G. Cavoto, F. Iacoangeli, F. Galluccio, A.G. Afonin, Yu.A. Chesnokov, A.A. Durum, V.A. Maisheev, Yu.E. Sandomirskiy, A.A. Yanovich, A.D. Kovalenko, A.M. Taratin, A.S. Denisov, Yu.A. Gavrikov, Yu.M. Ivanov, L.P. Lapina, L.G. Malyarenko, V.V. Skorobogatov, T. James, G. Hall, M. Pesaresi, and M. Raymond

Subjects
Crystal, Channeling, Beam deflection, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

A deflection efficiency of about 61% was observed for 400 GeV/c protons due to channeling, most strongly along the 〈110〉 axis of a bent silicon crystal. It is comparable with the deflection efficiency in planar channeling and considerably larger than in the case of the 〈111〉 axis. The measured probability of inelastic nuclear interactions of protons in channeling along the 〈110〉 axis is only about 10% of its amorphous level whereas in channeling along the (110) planes it is about 25%. High efficiency deflection and small beam losses make this axial orientation of a silicon crystal a useful tool for the beam steering of high energy charged particles.

Published
2016
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18. Observation of channeling for 6500 GeV/c protons in the crystal assisted collimation setup for LHC

Author

W. Scandale, G. Arduini, M. Butcher, F. Cerutti, M. Garattini, S. Gilardoni, A. Lechner, R. Losito, A. Masi, D. Mirarchi, S. Montesano, S. Redaelli, R. Rossi, P. Schoofs, G. Smirnov, G. Valentino, D. Breton, L. Burmistrov, V. Chaumat, S. Dubos, J. Maalmi, V. Puill, A. Stocchi, E. Bagli, L. Bandiera, G. Germogli, V. Guidi, A. Mazzolari, S. Dabagov, F. Murtas, F. Addesa, G. Cavoto, F. Iacoangeli, L. Ludovici, R. Santacesaria, P. Valente, F. Galluccio, A.G. Afonin, Yu.A. Chesnokov, A.A. Durum, V.A. Maisheev, Yu.E. Sandomirskiy, A.A. Yanovich, A.D. Kovalenko, A.M. Taratin, A.S. Denisov, Yu.A. Gavrikov, Yu.M. Ivanov, L.P. Lapina, L.G. Malyarenko, V.V. Skorobogatov, T. James, G. Hall, M. Pesaresi, and M. Raymond

Subjects
Accelerator, Beam collimation, Crystal, Channeling, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Two high-accuracy goniometers equipped with two bent silicon crystals were installed in the betatron cleaning insertion of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) during its long shutdown. First beam tests were recently performed at the LHC with 450 GeV/c and 6500 GeV/c stored proton beams to investigate the feasibility of beam halo collimation assisted by bent crystals. For the first time channeling of 6500 GeV/c protons was observed in a particle accelerator. A strong reduction of beam losses due to nuclear inelastic interactions in the aligned crystal in comparison with its amorphous orientation was detected. The loss reduction value was about 24. Thus, the results show that deflection of particles by a bent crystal due to channeling is effective for this record particle energy.

Published
2016
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19. Silicon crystals for steering high-intensity particle beams at ultrahigh-energy accelerators

Author

A. Mazzolari, M. Romagnoni, E. Bagli, L. Bandiera, S. Baricordi, R. Camattari, D. Casotti, M. Tamisari, A. Sytov, V. Guidi, G. Cavoto, S. M. Carturan, D. De Salvador, A. Balbo, G. Cruciani, Thu Nhi Tran Caliste, R. Verbeni, N. Pastrone, L. Lanzoni, A. Rossall, J. A. van den Berg, R. Jenkins, and P. Dumas

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Experimental results and simulation models show that crystals might play a relevant role for the development of new generations of high-energy and high-intensity particle accelerators and might disclose innovative possibilities at existing ones. In this paper we describe the most advanced manufacturing techniques of crystals suitable for operations at ultrahigh energy and ultrahigh intensity particle accelerators, reporting as an example of potential application the collimation of the particle beams circulating in the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, which will be upgraded through the addition of bent crystals in the frame of the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider project.

Published
2021
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20. Observation of strong leakage reduction in crystal assisted collimation of the SPS beam

Author

W. Scandale, G. Arduini, M. Butcher, F. Cerutti, M. Garattini, S. Gilardoni, A. Lechner, R. Losito, A. Masi, A. Mereghetti, E. Metral, D. Mirarchi, S. Montesano, S. Redaelli, R. Rossi, P. Schoofs, G. Smirnov, E. Bagli, L. Bandiera, S. Baricordi, P. Dalpiaz, G. Germogli, V. Guidi, A. Mazzolari, D. Vincenzi, G. Claps, S. Dabagov, D. Hampai, F. Murtas, G. Cavoto, F. Iacoangeli, L. Ludovici, R. Santacesaria, P. Valente, F. Galluccio, A.G. Afonin, Yu.A. Chesnokov, A.A. Durum, V.A. Maisheev, Yu.E. Sandomirskiy, A.A. Yanovich, A.D. Kovalenko, A.M. Taratin, Yu.A. Gavrikov, Yu.M. Ivanov, L.P. Lapina, J. Fulcher, G. Hall, M. Pesaresi, and M. Raymond

Subjects
Accelerator, Beam collimation, Crystal, Channeling, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

In ideal two-stage collimation systems, the secondary collimator–absorber should have its length sufficient to exclude practically the exit of halo particles with large impact parameters. In the UA9 experiments on the crystal assisted collimation of the SPS beam a 60 cm long tungsten bar is used as a secondary collimator–absorber which is insufficient for the full absorption of the halo protons. Multi-turn simulation studies of the collimation allowed to select the position for the beam loss monitor downstream the collimation area where the contribution of particles deflected by the crystal in channeling regime but emerging from the secondary collimator–absorber is considerably reduced. This allowed observation of a strong leakage reduction of halo protons from the SPS beam collimation area, thereby approaching the case with an ideal absorber.

Published
2015
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21. Observation of nuclear dechanneling length reduction for high energy protons in a short bent crystal

Author

W. Scandale, G. Arduini, M. Butcher, F. Cerutti, M. Garattini, S. Gilardoni, L. Lari, A. Lechner, R. Losito, A. Masi, A. Mereghetti, E. Metral, D. Mirarchi, S. Montesano, S. Redaelli, R. Rossi, P. Schoofs, G. Smirnov, E. Bagli, L. Bandiera, S. Baricordi, P. Dalpiaz, G. Germogli, V. Guidi, A. Mazzolari, D. Vincenzi, G. Claps, S. Dabagov, D. Hampai, F. Murtas, G. Cavoto, F. Iacoangeli, L. Ludovici, R. Santacesaria, P. Valente, F. Galluccio, A.G. Afonin, Yu.A. Chesnokov, V.A. Maisheev, Yu.E. Sandomirskiy, A.A. Yanovich, I.A. Yazynin, A.D. Kovalenko, A.M. Taratin, Yu.A. Gavrikov, Yu.M. Ivanov, L.P. Lapina, W. Ferguson, J. Fulcher, G. Hall, M. Pesaresi, M. Raymond, D. Bolognini, S. Hasan, M. Prest, and E. Vallazza

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Deflection of 400 GeV/c protons by a short bent silicon crystal was studied at the CERN SPS. It was shown that the dechanneling probability increases while the dechanneling length decreases with an increase of incident angles of particles relative to the crystal planes. The observation of the dechanneling length reduction provides evidence of the particle population increase at the top levels of transverse energies in the potential well of the planar channels. Keywords: Crystal, Channeling, Beam, Deflection

Published
2015
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22. Photon emission by volume reflected electrons in bent crystals

Author

C. F. Nielsen, U. I. Uggerhøj, R. Holtzapple, T. W. Markiewicz, B. C. Benson, E. Bagli, L. Bandiera, V. Guidi, A. Mazzolari, and U. Wienands

Subjects
Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

We present a quantitative experimental analysis of the radiation emission of 12.6 GeV electrons moving along and across the (111) planes of a strongly bent silicon crystal with a bending radius of 0.15 m. We have measured the radiation emitted during volume reflection, which has shown to strongly enhance the emission of low-energy photons, and a convincing agreement between simulations and experimental data is found.

Published
2019
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25. Sensing of gaseous malodors characteristic of landfills and waste treatment plants

Author

B. Fabbri, S. Gherardi, A. Giberti, V. Guidi, and C. Malagù

Subjects
Technology
Abstract

We approached the problem of sensing gaseous pollutants and malodors originating as a result of decomposition of organic compounds via chemoresistive sensors. A set of four screen-printed films based on two types of mixed tin and titanium oxides, mixed tungsten and tin oxides, and zinc oxide has been tested vs. the main gaseous components of malodors. N-butanol was also considered because of its importance as a reference gas in the odorimetric intensity scale. We found that, under proper working conditions, the films can sensitively detect such gases either in dry or in wet environments, within the range of concentrations of interest for their monitoring. We also demonstrated that the array is robust under solicitation by harmful interference gases such as CO, C6H6, NO2 and NO.

Published
2014
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26. Comprehensive study of beam focusing by crystal devices

Author

W. Scandale, G. Arduini, F. Cerutti, M. Garattini, S. Gilardoni, A. Masi, D. Mirarchi, S. Montesano, S. Petrucci, S. Redaelli, R. Rossi, D. Breton, L. Burmistrov, S. Dubos, J. Maalmi, A. Natochii, V. Puill, A. Stocchi, D. Sukhonos, E. Bagli, L. Bandiera, V. Guidi, A. Mazzolari, M. Romagnoni, F. Murtas, F. Addesa, G. Cavoto, F. Iacoangeli, F. Galluccio, A. G. Afonin, M. K. Bulgakov, Yu. A. Chesnokov, A. A. Durum, V. A. Maisheev, Yu. E. Sandomirskiy, A. A. Yanovich, A. A. Kolomiets, A. D. Kovalenko, A. M. Taratin, G. I. Smirnov, A. S. Denisov, Yu. A. Gavrikov, Yu. M. Ivanov, L. P. Lapina, L. G. Malyarenko, V. V. Skorobogatov, G. Auzinger, T. James, G. Hall, M. Pesaresi, and M. Raymond

Subjects
Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

This paper is devoted to an experimental study of focusing and defocusing positively charged particle beams with the help of specially bent single crystals. Four crystals have been fabricated for this purpose. The studies have been performed at the CERN SPS in 400 GeV/c proton and 180 GeV/c pion beams. The results of measurements of beam envelopes are presented. The rms size of the horizontal profile at the focus was 5–8 times smaller than at the exit of the crystals. The measured focal lengths were 4–21 m. The results of measurements are in good agreement with calculations. Possible applications of focusing crystals in present and future high energy accelerators are discussed.

Published
2018
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27. Channeling, volume reflection, and volume capture study of electrons in a bent silicon crystal

Author

T. N. Wistisen, U. I. Uggerhøj, U. Wienands, T. W. Markiewicz, R. J. Noble, B. C. Benson, T. Smith, E. Bagli, L. Bandiera, G. Germogli, V. Guidi, A. Mazzolari, R. Holtzapple, and S. Tucker

Subjects
Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

We present the experimental data and analysis of experiments conducted at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory investigating the processes of channeling, volume-reflection and volume-capture along the (111) plane in a strongly bent quasimosaic silicon crystal. These phenomena were investigated at 5 energies: 3.35, 4.2, 6.3, 10.5, and 14.0 GeV with a crystal with bending radius of 0.15 m, corresponding to curvatures of 0.053, 0.066, 0.099, 0.16, and 0.22 times the critical curvature, respectively. Based on the parameters of fitting functions we have extracted important parameters describing the channeling process such as the dechanneling length, the angle of volume reflection, the surface transmission, and the widths of the distribution of channeled particles parallel and orthogonal to the plane.

Published
2016
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28. Corrigendum to 'Observation of strong leakage reduction in crystal assisted collimation of the SPS beam' [Phys. Lett. B 748 (2015) 451–454]

Author

W. Scandale, F. Andrisani, G. Arduini, M. Butcher, F. Cerutti, M. Garattini, S. Gilardoni, A. Lechner, R. Losito, A. Masi, A. Mereghetti, E. Metral, D. Mirarchi, S. Montesano, S. Redaelli, R. Rossi, P. Schoofs, G. Smirnov, E. Bagli, L. Bandiera, S. Baricordi, P. Dalpiaz, G. Germogli, V. Guidi, A. Mazzolari, D. Vincenzi, G. Claps, S. Dabagov, D. Hampai, F. Murtas, G. Cavoto, F. Iacoangeli, L. Ludovici, R. Santacesaria, P. Valente, F. Galluccio, A.G. Afonin, Yu.A. Chesnokov, A.A. Durum, V.A. Maisheev, Yu.E. Sandomirskiy, A.A. Yanovich, A.D. Kovalenko, A.M. Taratin, Yu.A. Gavrikov, Yu.M. Ivanov, L.P. Lapina, J. Fulcher, G. Hall, M. Pesaresi, and M. Raymond

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Published
2015
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29. Crystal undulator as a new compact source of radiation

Author

S. Bellucci, V. M. Biryukov, G. I. Britvich, Yu. A. Chesnokov, C. Balasubramanian, G. Giannini, V. Guidi, Yu. M. Ivanov, V. I. Kotov, V. A. Maisheev, C. Malagu, G. Martinelli, A. A. Petrunin, V. A. Pikalov, A. Raco, L. Silvi, V. V. Skorobogatov, M. Stefancich, F. Tombolini, and D. Vincenzi

Subjects
Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Crystalline undulators with periodically deformed crystallographic planes offer coherent electromagnetic fields on the order of 1000 T and provide undulator period L in submillimeter range. We present an idea for creation of a crystalline undulator and report its realization. One face of a silicon crystal was given periodic microscratches (grooves) by means of a diamond blade, with a period ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 mm in different samples. The x-ray tests of the crystal deformation have shown that a sinusoidal-like shape of crystalline planes goes through the bulk of the crystals. This opens up the possibility for experiments with high-energy particles channeled in the crystalline undulator, a new compact source of radiation. The first experiments on photon emission in the crystal undulator are in preparation at IHEP (Protvino) with 2–15 GeV positrons and at LNF (Frascati) with 500–800 MeV positrons, aiming to produce undulator photons in the range of 50–500 keV. The results of Monte Carlo simulations for the planned experiments are presented as well.

Published
2004
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30. Making microbeams and nanobeams by channeling in microstructures and nanostructures

Author

S. Bellucci, V. M. Biryukov, Yu. A. Chesnokov, V. Guidi, and W. Scandale

Subjects
Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

A particle beam of very small cross section is useful in many accelerator applications including biological and medical ones. We show the capability of the channeling technique using a micron-sized structure on a surface of a single crystal, or using a nanotube, to produce a beam of a cross section down to one square micrometer (or nanometer). The channeled beam can be deflected and thus well separated in angle and space from the primary and scattered particles. Monte Carlo simulation is done to evaluate the characteristics of a channeled microbeam. Emittances down to 0.001 nm rad, and flux up to 10^{6} μm^{2} per second, can be achieved for protons and ions.

Published
2003
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31. BULLKID: Monolithic array of particle absorbers sensed by Kinetic Inductance Detectors

Author

A. Cruciani, L. Bandiera, M. Calvo, N. Casali, I. Colantoni, G. Del Castello, M. del Gallo Roccagiovine, D. Delicato, M. Giammei, V. Guidi, J. Goupy, V. Pettinacci, G. Pettinari, M. Romagnoni, M. Tamisari, A. Mazzolari, A. Monfardini, and M. Vignati

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We introduce BULLKID, a phonon detector consisting of an array of dices acting as particle absorbers sensed by multiplexed Kinetic Inductance Detectors (KIDs). The dices are carved in a thick crystalline wafer and form a monolithic structure. The carvings leave a thin common disk intact in the wafer, acting both as holder for the dices and as substrate for the KID lithography. The prototype presented consists of an array of 64 dices of 5.4 × 5.4 × 5 mm3 carved in a 3˝ diameter, 5 mm thick silicon wafer, with a common disk of 0.5 mm thick, hosting a 60 nm patterned aluminum layer. The resulting array is highly segmented but avoids the use of dedicated holding structures for each unit. Despite the fact that the uniformity of the KID electrical response across the array needs optimization, the operation of eight units with similar features shows, on average, a baseline energy resolution of 26 ± 7 eV. This makes it a suitable detector for low-energy processes such as direct interactions of dark matter and coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering.

Published
2022

32. NUCLEUS: cryogenic calorimeters to detect coherent nuclear scattering of reactor antineutrinos

Author

Riccardo Cerulli, G. Angloher, A. Bento, L. Canonica, F. Cappella, L. Cardani, N. Casali, I. Colantoni, A. Cruciani, G. del Castello, A. Erhart, M. Friedl, A. Garai, V.M. Ghete, C. Goupy, V. Guidi, D. Hauff, M. Kaznacheeva, A. Kinast, L. Klinkenberg, H. Kluck, A. Langenkämper, T. Lasserre, D. Lhuillier, M. Mancuso, B. Mauri, A. Mazzolari, E. Mazzucato, H. Neyrial, C. Nones, L. Oberauer, A. Onillon, T. Ortmann, L. Pattavina, F. Petricca, W. Potzel, F. Pröbst, F. Pucci, F. Reindl, R. Rogly, J. Rothe, V. Savu, N. Schermer, J. Schieck, S. Schönert, C. Schwertner, L. Scola, L. Stodolsky, R. Strauss, C. Tomei, K. v. Mirbach, M. Vignati, M. Vivier, V. Wagnerc, A. Wex, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
detector, scattering, nucleus, elastic scattering, antineutrino, target, crystal, coherence, flux, cryogenics, calorimeter, site, nuclear reactor, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], neutrino nucleus
Abstract

International audience; NUCLEUS is an experiment conceived for the detection of thecoherent elastic neutrino nucleus scattering. The experiment will be carried out in the nuclear power plant of Chooz-B in France that provides an intense flux of anti-neutrinos.The aim of NUCLEUS is to perform a very precise measurement of the coherent elastic scattering below 100 eV by employing extremely sensitive cryogenic detectors based on CaWO$_4$ and Al$_2$O$_3$ target crystals.At present, the NUCLEUS apparatus is in commissioning phaseat the Underground Laboratory of the Technical University Munich, where - after its installation and the first measurement phase - the experiment will be fully tested. Thereafter the entire apparatus will be moved to the reactor site at Chooz.

Published
2022
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33. Multiple scattering of channeled and non-channeled positively charged particles in bent monocrystalline silicon

Author

W. Scandale, G. Arduini, F. Cerutti, L. S. Esposito, M. Garattini, S. Gilardoni, R. Losito, A. Masi, D. Mirarchi, S. Montesano, S. Redaelli, R. Rossi, G. Smirnov, L. Burmistrov, S. Dubos, V. Puill, A. Stocchi, L. Bandiera, V. Guidi, A. Mazzolari, M. Romangnoni, F. Murtas, F. M. Addesa, G. Cavoto, F. Iacoangeli, F. Galluccio, A. G. Afonin, Yu. A. Chesnokov, A. A. Durum, V. A. Maisheev, Yu. E. Sandomirskiy, A. A. Yanovich, A. D. Kovalenko, A. M. Taratin, A. S. Denisov, Yu. A. Gavrikov, Yu. M. Ivanov, L. G. Maliarenko, J. Borg, T. James, G. Hall, and M. Pesaresi

Subjects
Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, crystal channeling, particle accelerators, collimation, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Physics - Accelerator Physics, Accelerators and Storage Rings, physics.acc-ph
Abstract

We present the results of an experimental study of multiple scattering of positively charged high energy particles in bent samples of monocrystalline silicon. This work confirms the recently discovered effect of a strong reduction in the rms multiple scattering angle of particles channeled in the silicon (111) plane. The effect is observed in the plane orthogonal to the bending plane. We show in detail the influence of angular constraints on the magnitude of the effect. Comparison of the multiple scattering process at different energies indicates a violation of the law of inverse proportionality of the rms angle of channeled particles with energy. By increasing the statistics, we have improved the results of multiple scattering measurements for particles moving, but not channeled, in silicon crystals., arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1910.00250 minor fixes

Published
2022

34. Comment on ‘Design and modeling of a Laue lens for radiation therapy with hard x-ray photons’

Author

G Paternò, M Marziani, R Camattari, V Bellucci, A Mazzolari, M Gambaccini, and V Guidi

Subjects
Radiography, Photons, X-Ray Diffraction, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, Laue lens, diffracting crystals, radiation therapy, x-ray diffraction, diffracting crystals, X-Rays, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, radiation therapy, Laue lens, NO, Lenses
Published
2022
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35. MBN Explorer atomistic simulations of 855 MeV electron propagation and radiation emission in oriented silicon bent crystal: theory versus experiment

Author

V. V. Haurylavets, A. Leukovich, A. Sytov, L. Bandiera, A. Mazzolari, M. Romagnoni, V. Guidi, G. B. Sushko, A. V. Korol, and A. V. Solov’yov

Subjects
Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, 0103 physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics - Accelerator Physics, 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences
Abstract

The method of relativistic molecular dynamics is applied for accurate computational modelling and numerical analysis of the channelling phenomena for 855 MeV electrons in bent oriented silicon (111) crystal. Special attention is devoted to the transition from the axial channelling regime to the planar one in the course of the crystal rotation with respect to the incident beam. Distribution in the deflection angle of electrons and spectral distribution of the radiation emitted are analysed in detail. The results of calculations are compared with the experimental data collected at the MAinzer MIctrotron (MAMI) facility., Comment: 15 pages, 16 figures, submitted to the European Physical Journal Plus (EPJ Plus)

Published
2020
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38. Diversity and seasonal abundances of mosquitoes at potential arboviral transmission sites in two different climate zones in Switzerland

Author

S, Wagner, V, Guidi, P R, Torgerson, A, Mathis, and F, Schaffner

Subjects
Culicidae, Climate, Population Dynamics, Animals, Female, Mosquito Vectors, Seasons, Arbovirus Infections, Arboviruses, Switzerland
Abstract

Pathogens of medical or veterinary significance that are transmitted by mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are (re-)emerging in Europe [e.g. West Nile virus (WNV), Dirofilaria nematodes]. Little is known about the spatiotemporal abundances of mosquito species in Switzerland. Therefore, mosquito population dynamics were investigated, focusing on areas of risk for sylvatic or synanthropic transmission, such as natural sites and suburban sites on either side of the Alpine crest. Repeated collections were made using Centers for Disease Control (CDC) traps, juvenile sampling and ovitrapping. A total of 122 831 mosquito specimens of 21 taxa were identified. Levels of mosquito species richness were similar at suburban sites and in natural zones in Switzerland. Mosquito abundances and seasonality were analysed with generalized linear mixed models based on 382 CDC trap samples (29 454 females) and revealed Aedes annulipes/cantans, Aedes geniculatus, Aedes japonicus, Aedes sticticus, Aedes vexans, Coquillettidia richiardii and Culex pipiens/torrentium as the dominant species overall. Abundances of these species were season-dependent in most cases. There was an effect of site with regard to abundance (higher in natural zones), but not with respect to seasonality. Together with data on vector competence and the host preferences of different species, the present data contribute to assessments of risk for pathogen transmission. For example, both natural and suburban environments seem feasible as sites for amplification cycles of WNV and transmission to mammals.

Published
2017

39. Detection of Colorectal Cancer Biomarkers in the Presence of Interfering Gases

Author

G. Zonta, B. Fabbri, A. Giberti, V. Guidi, N. Landini, and C. Malagù

Subjects
chemoresistive, benzene, interferers, sensor, Decanal, VOC, Ambientale, colorectal cancer, General Medicine, decanal, 1-iodo-nonane, Benzene, Chemoresistive, Colorectal cancer, Interferers, Sensor, Engineering(all)
Abstract

Nanotechnology has considerable promise for the detection of cancer. Medical studies show that tumor growth is accompanied by protein changes that may lead to the peroxidation of the cell membrane, with consequent emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). VOCs can be detected through breath or intestinal gases and are biomarkers for colorectal cancer (CRC). The analysis of VOCs represents a non-invasive and potentially inexpensive pre-screening technique. An array of chemoresistive gas sensors, based on screen-printed metal oxide semiconducting films, has been selected to discriminate gases of oncological interest, as benzene, 1-iodo-nonane or decanal, from the main interferers in the gut.

Published
2014
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40. Simulation of orientational coherent effects via Geant4

Author

M. Verderi, M. Asai, E. Bagli, V. Guidi, D. Brandt, Andrea Dotti, D. H. Wright, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
History, medicine, Field (physics), accelerator, cross section: scaling, Bent molecular geometry, Monte Carlo method, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, programming, coherence: effect, VHE, NO, Education, Physics and Astronomy (all), 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], [INFO]Computer Science [cs], 010306 general physics, bent crystal, nucleus: interaction, Accelerator physics, Physics, energy: high, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, collimator, talk: San Francisco 2016/10/14, channeling, Charged particle, Computer Science Applications, Computational physics, particle: interaction, electromagnetic, Deflection (physics), charged particle: energy, cross section: hadronic, trajectory, efficiency: deflection, Particle, Physics::Accelerator Physics, numerical calculations: Monte Carlo, Beam (structure)
Abstract

International audience; Simulation of orientational coherent effects via Geant4 beam manipulation of high-and very-high-energy particle beams is a hot topic in accelerator physics. Coherent effects of ultra-relativistic particles in bent crystals allow the steering of particle trajectories thanks to the strong electrical field generated between atomic planes. Recently, a collimation experiment with bent crystals was carried out at the CERN-LHC, paving the way to the usage of such technology in current and future accelerators. Geant4 is a widely used object-oriented tool-kit for the Monte Carlo simulation of the interaction of particles with matter in high-energy physics. Moreover, its areas of application include also nuclear and accelerator physics, as well as studies in medical and space science. We present the first Geant4 extension for the simulation of orientational effects in straight and bent crystals for high energy charged particles. The model allows the manipulation of particle trajectories by means of straight and bent crystals and the scaling of the cross sections of hadronic and electromagnetic processes for channeled particles. Based on such a model, an extension of the Geant4 toolkit has been developed. The code and the model have been validated by comparison with published experimental data regarding the deflection efficiency via channeling and the variation of the rate of inelastic nuclear interactions.

Published
2016
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41. Dual mechanisms of an organocatalytic homodimerization reaction

Author

William Rosen, Vanina V Guidi, Michael A. McGregor, and Sergio Sandoval

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound, Chemistry, Stereochemistry, Organic Chemistry, Drug Discovery, Imine, Biochemistry, Cycloaddition, Product distribution, Enamine
Abstract

The l -proline organocatalytic homodimerization of 2-cyclohexenone has been studied and it is concluded that the mechanism of the reaction follows competing pathways involving either a two-step imine/enamine addition or a concerted Diels–Alder cycloaddition where the ultimate product distribution is dependent upon the ratio of the organocatalyst to 2-cyclohexenone and a base present.

Published
2010
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42. Coherent effects of high-energy particles in a graded Si(1-x)Ge(x) crystal

Author

E, Bagli, L, Bandiera, V, Guidi, A, Mazzolari, D, De Salvador, G, Maggioni, A, Berra, D, Lietti, M, Prest, E, Vallazza, and N V, Abrosimov

Abstract

A graded Si(1-x)Ge(x) crystal has been manufactured for operation with high-energy protons to excite coherent interactions of the particles with the crystal such as channeling and volume reflection. The crystal had the shape of a parallelepiped though its (111) atomic planes were curved at a radius of 25.6 m because of the graded Ge content. The crystal was exposed to a 400 GeV/c proton beam at the external lines of CERN Super Proton Synchrotron to probe its capability to steer high-energy particles. Measured deflection efficiency was 62.0% under planar channeling and 96.0% under volume reflection. Such values are critically compared to their counterparts for a standard bent Si crystal under peer conditions. A Monte Carlo simulation of the dynamics of channeled and volume reflected particles in a graded crystal including the effect of Ge impurities and of lattice dislocations has been carried out. We found that the effect of crystal imperfections spoiled the efficiency of channeling while it negligibly affected the performance of volume reflection. We finally propose the usage of the graded crystal as a primary scatterer to aid halo collimation for the new generation of hadronic machines. As a unique feature, a properly cut graded crystal circumvents the problem of the miscut angle, which is currently a severe limitation for implementation of crystal-assisted collimation.

Published
2012

43. Development of a real-time PCR method for the detection of fossil 16S rDNA fragments of phototrophic sulfur bacteria in the sediments of Lake Cadagno

Author

D F, Ravasi, S, Peduzzi, V, Guidi, R, Peduzzi, S B, Wirth, A, Gilli, and M, Tonolla

Subjects
Chlorobi, Bacteriological Techniques, Geologic Sediments, Phototrophic Processes, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Fresh Water, Anaerobiosis, Biodiversity, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, DNA, Ribosomal
Abstract

Lake Cadagno is a crenogenic meromictic lake situated in the southern range of the Swiss Alps characterized by a compact chemocline that has been the object of many ecological studies. The population dynamics of phototrophic sulfur bacteria in the chemocline has been monitored since 1994 with molecular methods such as 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis. To reconstruct paleo-microbial community dynamics, we developed a quantitative real-time PCR methodology for specific detection of 16S rRNA gene sequences of purple and green sulfur bacteria populations from sediment samples. We detected fossil 16S rDNA of nine populations of phototrophic sulfur bacteria down to 9-m sediment depth, corresponding to about 9500 years of the lake's biogeological history. These results provide the first evidence for the presence of 16S rDNA of anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria in Holocene sediments of an alpine meromictic lake and indicate that the water column stratification and the bacterial plume were already present in Lake Cadagno thousands of years ago. The finding of Chlorobium clathratiforme remains in all the samples analyzed shows that this population, identified in the water column only in 2001, was already a part of the lake's biota in the past.

Published
2012

45. P1.0.9 Spectroscopic and electrical evidence of transition to nanostructured behaviour in SnO2

Author

C. Malagù, V. Guidi, and A. Giberti

Subjects
Chemical physics, Chemistry, Chemisorption, Direct current, Analytical chemistry, Equivalent circuit, Conductance, Conductivity, Electrical impedance, Grain size, Quantum tunnelling
Abstract

SnO2 sensors with two different average grain size showed diverse behaviors through electrical and spectroscopic characterizations. In the case of direct current electrical responses, the increase in conductance for the same temperature rise was, on average, about three times larger for larger grained samples. Impedance spectroscopic plots were obtained in dry air and were fitted with the same equivalent circuit for the two granulometries, showing important differences in the fitting parameters. The two techniques present interesting analogies for the same temperature variations. We interpreted this behaviour in terms of barrier modulation through gas chemisorption and oxygen indiffusion, also taking into account of tunneling contribution to conductivity.

Published
2012
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46. A real-time PCR method to quantify spores carrying the Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis cry4Aa and cry4Ba genes in soil

Author

V, Guidi, S, De Respinis, C, Benagli, P, Lüthy, and M, Tonolla

Subjects
DNA, Bacterial, Endotoxins, Spores, Bacterial, Hemolysin Proteins, Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins, Bacterial Proteins, Bacillus thuringiensis, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Soil Microbiology
Abstract

To develop a rapid real-time PCR method for the specific detection and quantification of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) spores present in the environment.Seven soil samples as well as one sediment sample obtained from various regions of Switzerland and characterized by different granulometry, pH values, organic matter and carbonate content were artificially inoculated with known amounts of Bti spores. After DNA extraction, DNA templates were amplified using TaqMan real-time PCR targeting the cry4Aa and cry4Ba plasmid genes encoding two insecticidal toxins (δ-endotoxins), and quantitative standard curves were created for each sample. Physicochemical characteristics of the samples tested did not influence DNA extraction efficiency. Real-time PCR inhibition because of the presence of co-extracted humic substances from the soil was observed only for undiluted DNA extracts from samples with very high organic matter content (68%). The developed real-time PCR system proved to be sensitive, detecting down to 1 × 10(3) Bti spores per g soil. One-way analysis of variance confirmed the accuracy of the method.Direct extraction of DNA from environmental samples without culturing, followed by a specific real-time PCR allowed for a fast and reliable identification and quantification of Bti spores in soil and sediment.The developed real-time PCR system can be used as a tool for ecological surveys of areas where treatments with Bti are carried out.

Published
2010

49. Bis(phosphine imide)s: easily tunable organic electron donors

Author

Zhou Jin, Vanina V Guidi, William B. Euler, Devin Busse, and Brett L. Lucht

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound, Delocalized electron, chemistry, Radical ion, Organic Chemistry, Cationic polymerization, Electron donor, Biphenylene, Electrochemistry, Photochemistry, Imide, Medicinal chemistry, Phosphine
Abstract

[graph: see text] The electrochemical, structural, and spectroscopic properties of bis(phosphine imide)s have been investigated. p-Phenylenebis(phosphine imide)s Ar3PNC6H4NPAr3 (1a-d) have two reversible single-electron oxidations. The first oxidation potentials can be varied from -0.05 to 0.15 V (versus SCE) by modification of the substituents on phosphorus (Ar). Electron-donating substituents lower the oxidation potential, while electron-withdrawing substituents increase the oxidation potential. The difference between the first and second oxidation potential (deltaE, 0.41-0.50) and the electronic coupling (Hab, 1.1 eV) are similar for 1a-d. Computational (DFT) and UV-visible-NIR spectroscopic investigations of 1a-d suggest that the first oxidation leads to a delocalized radical cation 1a*+ while the second oxidation leads to a quinonoidal dicationic state 1a2+. The aromatic linker between phosphine imides has also been modified. Upon oxidation, N,N'-4,4'-biphenylene(bis(triphenyl)phosphine imide) (3) forms radical cationic and a dicationic species similar to 1a-d. While deltaE (0.18 V) and Hab (0.63 eV) are smaller, suggesting weaker electronic communication between the two P=N units in the radical cationic state, the presence of NIR absorptions with vibrational fine structure (768, 861, and 983 nm) supports the formation of delocalized radical cation for 3*+.

Published
2005

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