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Fuzzy sets, soft sets, and their generalisations have always been important tools for mathematicians and researchers working with uncertainty. Jun proposed a hybrid structure that combined the concepts of a fuzzy set and a soft set. It should be noted that hybrid structures are a combination of soft set and fuzzy set speculation. Our aim is to explore the concept of hybrid ordered ideals and hybrid interior ideals in ordered semirings, as well as look at some of their related properties, which is one of the important aspects of this paper. In order to investigate the structure theory of hybrid ideals in ordered semirings, we define hybrid composition and hybrid addition. We also establish and characterise the regularity of ordered semirings in terms of hybrid structures.

Staphylococcus aureus is an important human and animal pathogen which develops resistance against various antibiotics. One of the reasons for the emergence of resistance is through efflux pumps which extrude the antibiotic out of bacterial cell. NorA is the most extensively studied efflux pumps in S. aureus which effluxes the fluoroquinolones, dyes and quaternary ammonium compounds. These efflux pumps can be inhibited by various natural and synthetic agents. Owing to the harmful effects of synthetic agents, the natural efflux pump inhibitors derived from various plant sources stands as a promising moiety in combating antimicrobial resistance. Even though there are many constraints in marketing the plant derived efflux pumps as therapeutic agents, it still finds a place in combating antimicrobial resistance.

A Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is susceptible to several security threats. This work aims at securing a MANET against black hole attacks. Based on MANET characteristics, a trust based secure routing protocol known as Ad hoc On-Demand Vector Routing has been proposed, which protects a MANET from black hole attack. This work presents an algorithm which decreases the probability of black hole attacks known as a hybrid Weighted Trust based Artificial Bee Colony 2-Opt algorithm. Optimal secure paths can be detected using the ABC algorithm. The hybridization of the algorithm has been performed using the 2-opt as local search. This algorithm’s efficiency can be improvised using the current solutions on the basis of their fitness for generating new solutions. Proposed method enhances the performance parameters such as packet delivery ratio, hops to sink and end to end delay.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by a chemical method and characterized by various analytical techniques such as UV-visible spectroscopy, SEM-EDX, XRD, and FTIR. X-ray diffraction and SEM analysis confirmed the formation of well- dispersed zinc oxide nanoparticles with average particle size 22 nm as well as revealed their spherical structure. Chemically synthesized nanoparticles were found to exhibit antibacterial activity against bacterial strains Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus using agar well diffusion method of analysis.

Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a decentralised network that can be used without any fixed setup or infrastructure and offers unlimited opportunities in all fields. Both the advantage and disadvantage of this mediums is the wide transmission range of the network that exceeds the area where the network is deployed, giving great opportunities for intruders to hack the network thus making it an unsafe mode of transmission. The conventional approaches for security attacks require high memory and high power consumption and so they cannot be used to tackle the security attacks for ad hoc routing. In this work, trust is used for addressing the maliciousness in the network. In this paper, the proposition is to reduce black hole attack in MANET using artificial bee colony optimisation for finding optimal secure routes. Proposed method outperforms the performance metrics like packet delivery ratio (PDR) and number of hops to sink. Also performs as normal effect for end-to-end delay.

The need for electrical power supply has spurred different technologies to cater the requisite. Energy harvesting from ambient vibration is a promising method to satisfy the indispensible power requirements. Piezoelectric energy harvesting (PEH) systems are perfectly used to convert mechanical source into a usable electrical form. Hence it requires a system to be developed to harvest the electrical power. In automobile industry, battery is the vital device for power supply and is charged using the fuel. This in turn would have an impact on fuel consumption of the automobile. An alternate for this can be the unused vibration from the engine mount to charge the battery. A practical model of the system is developed to verify the experimental results with an innovation on device design with a MAX 756-based regulatory circuit. The harvester feeds the appliances within the vehicle.

Mobile Adhoc Network is the infrastructure less network. Routing in MANET is the process of information or the packets transmission to the destination node from the source. The routing protocol controls the data flow in any network, it will make efficient to reach its destination. Most protocols are vulnerable to attacks in open media communications and wide are distribution. Since we are in need of better routing protocols are needed for an efficient data transmitting to improve the MANET features. In this paper, we proposed enhanced AODV routing protocol using ABC optimization algorithm to provide secure Routing in MANET. The simulations carried out in NS2 are provided to demonstrate the performance using parameter threshold, throughput, packet success rate, computational overhead, routing overhea .

Mobile ad hoc networks are composed of mobile nodes connected by wireless links without using any pre-existent infrastructure. The communication in ad hoc network is multihop in nature, where each node forwards data packets to the other nodes thereby spending its resources such as battery power, CPU time and memory. In real world, many nodes may have a selfish behavior, being unwilling to forward packets to the other nodes in order to save resources. Typically, a selfish node will not cooperate in the transmission of packets which affects the network performance seriously. Watchdog detects the selfish nodes in the networks. Collaborative watchdog propagates the presence of the selfish node to the source node. The source node broadcasts the selfish information to all nodes. So there is a delay time in spreading selfish information over the network. An efficient approach is proposed to reduce the delay time in spreading the selfish information in the network. It involves broadcasting the selfish information and route request information from the previous node of a selfish node. If one node has previously detected a selfish node using its watchdog, it can broadcast the presence of selfish node over the network which included the route request packet. So the time delay in spreading selfish information over the network can be reduced.

In real world, data security plays an important role where confidentiality, authentication, integrity, non repudiation are given importance. The universal technique for providing confidentiality of transmitted data is cryptography. This paper provides a technique to encrypt the data using a key involving Armstrong numbers and colors as the password. Three set of keys are used to provide secure data transmission with the colors acting as vital security element thereby providing authentication.