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Endometrial cancer (EC) ranks second in the structure of oncogynecological diseases both in Ukraine and worldwide. More than 80 % of recurrences occur in the first two years after surgical treatment. Molecular biological markers are extensively studied in different oncological diseases, because they allow to understand the etiology and pathogenesis of malignant growth more deeply. Aim. To study molecular biological markers and tumor hormonal status in patients with EC and determine their practical significance. Materials and methods. Molecular biologic markers of the tumor were studied in 89 stage I–IV EC patients. To study the hormonal status of the tumor in EC patients, 119 examinations were carried out. Results. Significant correlations were found between the level of molecular biological marker (MBM) expression, hormonal status of the tumor, the presence of disease recurrence, and the age of EC patients. The novelty of the study lay in the substantiation of treatment individualization for EC patients based on the determination of the tumor molecular biological characteristics and their prognostic value. It has been proven that the expression level of the studied MBM, ER and PR receptors in EC patients differed depending on age, presence, localization and severity of disease recurrence. A group of patients with a high risk of the disease recurrence has been revealed among EC patients. For the first time, a technology has been developed for the combined treatment of patients with I–II (T1-2N0M0) stages of EC with a negative receptor status (EP–, PR–) and a high risk of the disease recurrence to assess MBM levels (VEGF, Bcl-2, Ki-67), degree of differentiation, myometrial invasion depth and tumor localization in the uterine cavity allowing to individualize the choice of adjuvant therapy regimen, thus improving the effectiveness of treatment and preventing the occurrence of locoregional relapses and distant metastases. Conclusions. For the first time, the expression levels of the studied molecular biological markers and ER and PR receptors have been shown to differ depending on age, localization, and relapse severity, which could be used to determine the risk of relapse in EC patients.

Recently, in addition to clinical, endoscopic and morphological studies, the algorithm for the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) also includes some serum and fecal biomarkers that help select patients for endoscopy, as well as distinguish between organic and functional (non‑inflammatory) diseases (for example, irritable bowel syndrome). Among the latter, the definition of fecal calprotectin (CP) is used mostly often, it is a well‑studied biomarker of inflammation due to its stability, reproducibility of analysis, low cost, and high diagnostic value. The presented review highlights the latest data on the main biological CP functions and the clinical application of its definition in inflammatory diseases of intestine, skin, joints, etc. It is shown that CP belongs to the family of calcium‑binding leukocyte S100 proteins and consists of two monomers: S100A8 and S100A9. CP is constitutively expressed by monocytes, dendritic cells, activated macrophages, keratinocytes of the oral cavity and squamous epithelium of the mucosa. Thus, the CP expression in a healthy person is limited by a small number of specialized cells and is usually activated during inflammation. Both subunits of CP, S100A8 and S100A9, have a wide range of intracellular and extracellular immunomodulatory properties, control the intracellular pathways of innate immune cells and are responsible for organizing the response to the inflammatory process. Determination of fecal CP enables distinguishing between non‑inflammatory and inflammatory bowel diseases, it is a non‑invasive inexpensive method, and the CP itself remains stable at room temperature in the feces for at least 3 days. In the diagnosis of IBD, fecal CP is a more sensitive marker than C‑reactive protein, which has made it an excellent (i.e., highly sensitive) biomarker for detecting intestinal inflammation in IBD and has contributed to its widespread use worldwide. The value of the level of fecal Cp 250 mg/g dictates the need for endoscopic examination of the patient for IBD or raises the suspicion of its recurrence.

Background. Bones as an organ are one of the most common targets for tumor metastasis. Currently, the number of patients undergoing surgical treatment for metastatic bone lesions is steadily increasing. In most patients, after surgical treatment, the manifestation of clinical symptoms decreases, primarily pain syndrome, which improves their quality of life. However, it should be noted that the number of patients with bone metastases who underwent revision surgery is also increasing. This article retrospectively analyzes the factors leading to revision after surgical treatment of metastases in long bones. The aim of this study was to identify factors leading to revision after surgical treatment of patients with metastases in long bones. Methods. A retrospective medical records analysis of 247 patients who underwent surgical treatment for metastases in long bones on the basis of the P.A. Herzen Moscow Research Institute of Oncology in 20062020 was performed. Of these, 33 patients underwent revision surgery. The median age was 62 years. The localization of the primary tumor was as follows: breast cancer 10 cases, kidney cancer 13, lung cancer 3, prostate cancer 2, rectal cancer 3, liver cancer and Ewings sarcoma with bone metastases 1 case each. Results. The following factors led to revision surgery: mistakes in preoperative diagnosis (3 patients); postoperative infectious complication (6 patients); dislocation of the endoprosthesis (4 patients); continued growth of solitary metastasis after osteosynthesis (5 cases); aseptic instability after intramedullary osteosynthesis (14 patients); traumatic fracture of the endoprosthesis stem (1 patient). Conclusions. Revision after surgical treatment of metastases in long bones, in addition to postoperative complications, lead to mistakes in diagnosis and incorrect choice of surgical treatment method. To reduce the risk of revision surgical interventions, a multidisciplinary approach is needed with the development of surgical treatment tactics in consultation and the use of specialized scales of oncological prognosis.

Alcohol abuse is among the leading reasons for disability and accounts for at least 5% of the global health burden. This study aims to define changes in the functional and structural properties of erythrocytes in chronic ethanol intoxication and to design methods for correction of the identified disorders. The experiments has been conducted on 93 healthy sexually mature and newborn Wistar rats. Acute and chronic alcohol intoxication has been designed by forced intragastric administration of 20% ethanol solution at a dose of 3 ml/kg (2.92 g/kg) on a daily basis for 5, 30 and 60 days. From the newborn animals we obtained allogeneic hepatocytes and their cultural fluid, from which proteins were isolated. The proteins of allogeneic hepatocyte and the combined administration of immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective and antioxidant agents were used to correct disorders in chronic intoxication. The membranes of circulating erythrocytes were obtained by the method of Dodge; electrophoretic separation of membrane proteins was carried out according to the method of Laemli. The lipid content in the erythrocyte membrane was determined by liquid thin-layer chromatography. It has been elucidated that in presence of chronic alcohol intoxication there is a change in the content of the membrane proteins in circulating erythrocytes, which are responsible for flexibility and shaping, intrinsic cellular metabolism, stabilization and structure formation, and a disruption in the lipids representativeness and ratio that form the basis for the lipid framework of the plasmalemma and play the major role in arrangement of protein macromolecules and the normal metabolism of red blood cells as well. When analyzing the corrective activity of the proteins of allogeneic hepatocytes and the combination Glutoxim + Mexidol + Heptral, we have established their high efficiency towards the disorders in the functional and structural properties of circulating erythrocytes caused by chronic alcohol intoxication.

At present, acute pancreatitis only in some areas is a rather well-studied disease of the abdominal organs, however, the destructive forms of this disease have various developmental patterns, complications and, often unfavorable outcomes. The aim of the research is to establish the possibilities to correct the disorders in the functional and structural features of erythrocytes by 3-hydroxypyridine derivatives in experimental acute destructive pancreatitis due to chronic ethanol intoxication. In experimental acute destructive pancreatitis due to a 60-day ethanol intoxication there was a decrease in the content of proteins (a - ? ß -spectrin, ankyrin, anion transport protein, actin, gyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutation-S transferase) and lipids (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, glycerophospholipids, sphingomyelin, phospholipids, triacylglycerol, sum of mono- and diacylglycerol), an elevated level of band 4.1 and 4.5 proteins, pallidin, dematin, tropomyosin and lipids (lysophosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, it’s esters, non-esterified fatty acids), a disorder in intrinsic cellular metabolism of erythrocytes (an increased concentration of lipid peroxidation products, a decreased activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, degree of stable metabolites of nitrogen oxide and sorption indicators of membrane) in the erythrocyte membrane. The study has revealed that the greatest efficiency in correction of disorders in the functional and structural feutures of erythrocytes from among the derivatives of 3-hydroxypyridine has a compound ß - hydroxynicotinoylhydrazon 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-formyl-5-oxymethylpyrydine dihydrochloride, and the least one - 2-ethyl-6- methyl-3-hydroxypyrydine malate (etoxydol), the administration of 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyrydine succinate (mexidol) has shown an intermediate result.

Introduction. The pandemic of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 (NCI) has posed a number of questions for humanity, starting with the impact of the infection on the ability of fetation in a couple, pregnancy outcomes, its complications, and ending with the impact on the health of future generations, including the reproductive one.Aim. To analyze the register of pregnant women and newborns in the Amur Region with NCI to identify immediate complications of pregnancy and the neonatal period.Materials and methods. An analysis was made of the registry of pregnant women (n=966) with NCI, newborns from mothers with NCI (n=111) and infected from family members (n=21) in the period from May 1, 2020 to January 1, 2022. A general clinical study of pregnant women and newborns was performed, as well as an analysis of the vaccination of women registered for pregnancy in 2022. Standard statistical data processing methods were used.Results. 966 women were registered who underwent NCI during pregnancy, which accounted for 6.13% of all births, of which in 2020 – 16.9%, in 2021 –83%. In the Amur Region, the maternal mortality rate, as in the Russian Federation, increased during the pandemic and amounted to 38.2 in 2020, and 68.1 per 100 000 population in 2021; particularly from COVID-19 in 2020 – 12.8, in 2021 – 40.9 per 100 thousand population. At the same time, 17.8% had an asymptomatic course of the disease, 63.4% had a mild course, 17.7% had a moderate course, and 11.14% had a severe course with pathological changes in the lungs. The risk of lung tissue damage was increased by infection in the third trimester of pregnancy (RR – 1.73; 95% CI: 1.04-2.9), age over 30 years (RR – 1.24; 95% CI: 1.01-1 .53), overweight (RR –1.8; 95% CI: 1.5–2.14), and obesity (RR – 1.53: 95% CI: 1.2–1.8). The risk of developing complications of pregnancy significantly increased in women with pathological changes in the lungs (moderate and severe course), in comparison with pregnant women with mild NCI. It was found that 14.4% of newborns from mothers with NCI were born prematurely, 3.6% – in moderate asphyxia. The vertical transmission path was not registered in any case. In 33% of children infected in the neonatal period, NCI proceeded in the moderate, in 67% – in mild severity. Only one in three pregnant women are currently vaccinated. Of these, at the stage of preconception preparation, 77%, during pregnancy – 23%.Conclusion. NCI is a factor in the severe course of the disease and the development of pregnancy complications in women with pathological changes in the lungs, which increases the risk of maternal and infant mortality.

Purpose and objectives. The purpose was to evaluate the adaptability and stability of spring triticale varieties and breeding lines for yield and expression of valuable economic characteristics in environmental trials and to identify the best genotypes with a set of valuable features. Materials and methods. We studied 13 spring triticale genotypes (2020–2021) in two different agroclimatic environments (Eastern Forest-Steppe [PPI] and transitional zone from forest-steppe to steppe [UESPP]). The experimental plots of 2 m2 in three replications were arranged in series. The field assessments were performed in accordance with methods of qualification examination of plant varieties. The adaptability parameters were determined by AV Kilchevskiy and PV Khotylyova’s method. Results and discussion. The yield stability and valuable economic characteristics were assessed and the best genotypes with a set of valuable features were identified. A high yield capacity (6.85–7.44 t/ha) and high plasticity (bi 1.34−1.82) were intrinsic to Darkkhliba Kharkivskyi, Svoboda Kharkivska, YATKH 23-19, YATKH 29-19, and YATKH 40-19, which indicates their ability to effectively fulfill their performance potentials under favorable conditions. Svoboda Kharkivska, Kripost Kharkiv, and Opora Kharkivska were found to be the most adaptable to environmental changes varieties. These varieties can be recommended for cultivation under different growing conditions throughout Ukraine to a wide range of producers. Svoboda Kharkivska consistently gave a high yield on average across the experiment (6.24 t/ha), showed high levels of general and specific adaptability, and a high genotype’s breeding value. This variety is noteworthy for easy threshing and its plants are consistently of medium height (108 cm). Kripost Kharkivska consistently gave a high yield (5.66 t/ha), showed relative stability and was of genotype’s breeding value. Its plants were consistently short under different conditions (84−93 cm); the 1000-grain weight was increased (40.2 g); and the score of resistance to septoria tritici blotch was 7 points; the “seedlings-earing” period was extended (60 days). Opora Kharkivska gave a stable yield of 5.84 t/ha) and stood out for its general and specific adaptability and genotype’s breeding value. Its plants were of medium height (108 cm); its “seedlings-earing” period was shorter (56 days). Darkhlib Kharkivskyi showed high plasticity and general adaptability. At UESPP, it produced a high (compared to other varieties) yield (6.75 t/ha) and demonstrated increased resistance to septoria tritici blotch.As to the lines, the highest breeding value in terms of yield and adaptability was found for YATKH 40-19, YATKH 23-19, and YATKH 29-19. YATKH 40-19 gave a high yield on average across the experiment (5.88 t/ha). It was highly plastic. Under the favorable conditions (UESPP, 2020), it stood out for the highest yield of 7.44 t/ha. It also demonstrated increased resistance to septoria tritici blotch (7.5 points).YATKH 23-19 and YATKH 29-19 were highly plastic. Under the favorable conditions, they gave high yields (7.04 and 7.09 t/ha, respectively). YATKH 23-19 also showed high levels of general adaptability and genotype’s breeding value. It produced over 5 t/ha regardless of growing conditions. Conclusions. As a result of the environmental trials, the most valuable genotypes in terms of adaptability, yield and valuable economic characteristics were identified. High yield capacity (6.85–7.44 t/ha) and high plasticity (bi 1.34–1.82) were noted for varieties Darkkhliba Kharkivskyi and Svoboda Kharkivska and for lines YATKH 19-19, YATKH 29-19, and YATKH 40-19.Svoboda Kharkivska, Kripost Kharkivska, and Opora Kharkivska were found to be the most adaptable to environmental changes varieties. That is, the yields harvested from these varieties fluctuated to a lesser extent under the influence of environmental conditions. At the same time, they optimally combine a high yield capacity and stability, as evidenced by their high genotype’s breeding values. They produced over 5 t/ha even under the unfavorable growing conditions. These varieties can be recommended for growing under different conditions throughout Ukraine to many producers. As to the lines, the highest breeding value was observed for YATKH 23-19 and YATKH 40-19. The selected accessions are also valuable material in breeding for yield capacity and adaptability.

Pandemic of COVID‑19 has brought significant changes not only to the daily life of mankind, but also to the course of many chronic diseases. In addition to lung damage, extrapulmonary manifestations may develop against the background of coronavirus disease progression. These changes often have multi‑organ nature, especially against the background of existing chronic diseases. Literature describes cardiac, neurologic, renal extrapulmonary SARS‑CoV‑2 lesions as well as eye damage. Gastrointestinal tract is one of the areas affected by SARS‑CoV‑2 virus. This impact is stipulated by the significant effects of virus on the microbiota and permeability of mucosal barriers, as well as important role of changes in the intestinal barrier function in the development of local and systemic immune response. Working group of the Ukrainian Gastroenterological Association (UGA) worked out a classification of intestinal post‑covid lesions, which was presented at the UGA congress in September 2021. The following types of damage have been outlined: COVID‑19 induced bacterial overgrowth syndrome, functional diarrhea after previous COVID‑19 infection, infection‑induced irritable bowel syndrome (post‑infectious IBS), antibiotic‑associated diarrhea (without Clostridium difficile and pseudomembranous colitis with confirmed Clostridium difficile), exacerbation of inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease), newly diagnosed (COVID‑induced) inflammatory bowel disease. The course of functional and inflammatory diseases can be modified by COVID‑19, affecting the gut microbiome. It is necessary to conduct a thorough differential diagnosis of exacerbation of functional, inflammatory and post‑covid lesions of the intestine. Complex therapy including agents to correct dysbiosis should be used to treat this group of patients.

Such widespread functional gastrointestinal disorders as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional dyspepsia (FD), although not represented by any obvious structural lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, but they seriously affect quality of life of many patients. According to epidemiological data, 26.7 — 48.7 % of IBS patients and 20.0 — 42.1 % of patients with FD have a crossover of symptoms, also known as overlap IBS/FD syndrome. Overlap syndrome usually leads to more serious clinical manifestations, deterioration of quality of life and complications. Chronic low‑intensity post‑infectious inflammation or non‑infectious microinflammation and the immune response play an important role in the pathogenesis of both IBS and FD, leading to visceral hypersensitivity, dysfunction of «brain‑gut» axis and intestinal mucosal barrier, which are usually the cause of IBS or FD. However, whether inflammation has the same mechanism in the syndrome of the overlap of IBS and FD (IBS/FD) remains unclear. The presented review considers the latest advances in the study of inflammatory mechanisms in IBS/FD and proposes new treatment tactics. Current data on the role of gastrointestinal infection, secondary chronic inflammation and immune response, intestinal mucosal barrier damage associated with gastrointestinal infection, effects of gastrointestinal infections on the enteric nervous system and the «gut‑brain» axis, possible role of Helicobacter pylori infection at the overlap of IBS/FD are discussed. The role of non‑infectious inflammation, in particular, bacterial overgrowth syndrome, food allergy, psychological or mental stress in the pathogenesis of IBS, FD and IBS/FD overlapping is also considered. The modern tactics of treatment and management of such patients, which is based on the impact on inflammatory mechanisms also are presented.

Работа посвящена исследованию устойчивости к циклическим термическим воздействиям защитного покрытия, формируемого методом плазменного электролитического оксидирования и предназначаемого для защиты судовых теплообменных аппаратов от коррозии. Проведено исследование изменений, происходящих в фазовом составе, морфологической структуре, электрохимических и механических свойствах покрытия, подверженного термоциклированию. Ключевые слова: плазменное электролитическое оксидирование, ПЭО, рентгенофазовый анализ, РФА, электрохимия, температурные исследования, твердость

Objective — to study the character of liver function tests’ changes in patients with COVID — 19, assess the rate of their onset, their clinical and laboratory manifestations and degree of COVID‑19 effects on the liver function with the purpose to implement treatment and preventive measures. Materials and methods. The study included 120 medical records of inpatients with COVID‑19, hospitalized in the departments of Clinical Hospital № 8, reprofiled to the infectious wards in the period between November 2020 and April 2021. The most patients were aged 60 — 69 years (41.7 %) and older than 70 years (25.0 %), the minor portion was younger than 40 years (1.7 %); women prevailed (65.0 %). Results. The increased hepatic transaminases levels were revealed in 52 % of patients, and total bilirubin (especially indirect) was raised in 15 %. Higher transaminases levels, severe course of coronaviral disease and unfavorable prognosis were more common in male patients. Frequency of SARS‑CoV‑2 — associated liver injury with minimal grade of activity of liver transaminases prevailed in women older than 60 years and men aged 50 to 69 years. COVID‑19‑associated hepatitis with moderate activity was observed in women aged 50 — 69 years and men of working age (40 — 49 years) and elderly (> 70 years) patients, high degree of transaminases’ activity against COVID‑19 background was registered only in men aged 40 — 59 years with moderate to severe COVID‑19 course. Lethal outcomes due to severe pulmonary injury were registered in 19 patients with severe COVID‑19 course; they also had liver dysfunction. From them, 11 had diagnosed liver steatosis before COVID‑19. The most part of deсeased due to COVID‑19 were older than 60 years and had a history of comorbidities (type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary heart disease, non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease, liver cirrhosis and 2 — 3 grade obesity). Conclusions. Hepatic impairment occurred in 52 % of inpatients with COVID‑19. All patients with moderate course of coronaviral disease demonstrated positive dynamics of transaminases and bilirubin levels and favorable prognosis after hospitalization due to COVID‑19. Most of them hadn’t had liver injuries before coronaviral disease and six patients had been diagnosed with liver diseases before COVID‑19. No cases of fatal liver failure were registered. After in‑hospital treatment, the transaminases levels were lower in patients, who hadn’t had history of liver diseases before COVID‑19 and received hepatoprotective drugs. Treatment with glutathione and ursodeoxycholic acid was confirmed as the most effective therapy in patients with coronaviral disease.

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is considered currently as one of the most effective therapeutic procedures for the treatment of recurrent pseudomembranous colitis associated with Clostridium difficile infection and some other intestinal and extraintestinal diseases associated with gut dysbiosis. Recent investigations gave the reason to believe that FMT success depends largely on the microbial diversity and composition of a donor’s stool. These data allowed us to develop concepts of the existence of so‑called FMT «superdonors», which include individuals from whom FMT was accompanied by high efficiency. The review also examines other possible mechanisms and factors that influence TFM success, such as the nature and severity of the pathology being treated, the frequency of procedures, the quality and quantity of donor material, FMT from one or more donors, and other factors. The authors also presented own data on the efficacy of FMТ from «superdonors» in 86 patients with various intestinal diseases. For the first time in Ukraine a comparative study was conducted to study TMF efficacy in 28 patients with mild to moderate non‑specific ulcerative colitis, in 8 patients with Crohn’s disease and 40 subjects with post‑infection irritative bowel disease (IBD) with diarrhea. All TMF procedures were performed by means of introduction of donor’s material in the dome of the cecum during colonoscopy. Clinical efficacy of the induction of remission during two months after TMF was registered in 17 (60.7 %) patients with non‑specific ulcerative colitis and 4 (50.0 %) patients with Crohn’s disease. Effectiveness of TMF from the same superdonors in 27 (67.5 %) patients with IBD with diarrhea was somewhat higher. Clinical improvement was achieved in a form of abdominal pain relief, decrease of diarrhea and bloating, and improvement in general condition. Consideration have been given to the possibility of predicting FMT efficacy based on the microbial and metabolic profiling, microbial interactions that affect the effectiveness of FMT, factors influencing the long‑term effects of FMT, new personalized approaches to FMT, which will allow to use FMТ more purposefully in future.

Myeloid cells are key regulators of cirrhosis, a major cause of mortality worldwide. Because stromal cells can modulate the functionality of myeloid cells in vitro, targeting stromal-myeloid interactions has become an attractive potential therapeutic strategy. We aimed to investigate how human liver stromal cells impact myeloid cell properties and to understand the utility of a stromal-myeloid coculture system to study these interactions in the context of cirrhosis.Single-cell RNA-sequencing analyses of non-cirrhotic (n = 7) and cirrhotic (n = 5) human liver tissue were correlated to the bulk RNA-sequencing results of in vitro cocultured human CD14We found that stromal-myeloid coculture reduces the frequency CD14Our work reveals an unanticipated role for liver stromal cells in impeding the maturation and altering the differentiation of macrophages and should prompt investigations into the role of local IL-6 production in the pathogenesis of liver disease. These studies provide a framework for investigating macrophage-stromal interactions during cirrhosis.The impact of human liver stromal cells on myeloid cell maturation and differentiation in liver disease is incompletely understood. In this study, we present a mechanistic analysis using a primary in vitro human liver stromal-myeloid coculture system that is translated to liver disease using single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic human liver tissue. Our work supports a role for stromal cell contact in restricting macrophage maturation and for stromal-derived IL-6 in limiting the differentiation of a cirrhotic macrophage subset.

Targeted spatial transcriptomics hold particular promise in analysis of complex tissues. Most such methods, however, measure only a limited panel of transcripts, which need to be selected in advance to inform on the cell types or processes being studied. A limitation of existing gene selection methods is that they rely on scRNA-seq data, ignoring platform effects between technologies. Here we describe gpsFISH, a computational method to perform gene selection through optimizing detection of known cell types. By modeling and adjusting for platform effects, gpsFISH outperforms other methods. Furthermore, gpsFISH can incorporate cell type hierarchies and custom gene preferences to accommodate diverse design requirements.

The treatment of low-risk primary prostate cancer entails active surveillance only, while high-risk disease requires multimodal treatment including surgery, radiation therapy, and hormonal therapy. Recurrence and development of metastatic disease remains a clinical problem, without a clear understanding of what drives immune escape and tumor progression. Here, we comprehensively describe the tumor microenvironment of localized prostate cancer in comparison with adjacent normal samples and healthy controls. Single-cell RNA sequencing and high-resolution spatial transcriptomic analyses reveal tumor context dependent changes in gene expression. Our data indicate that an immune suppressive tumor microenvironment associates with suppressive myeloid populations and exhausted T-cells, in addition to high stromal angiogenic activity. We infer cell-to-cell relationships from high throughput ligand-receptor interaction measurements within undissociated tissue sections. Our work thus provides a highly detailed and comprehensive resource of the prostate tumor microenvironment as well as tumor-stromal cell interactions.