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The article deeply analyzes the difficult thirty-year practice of the development of the Republic of Azerbaijan in the context of considering the main components that made it possible to overcome the huge crisis phenomena and challenges that called into question the very existence of the state in the first post-Soviet years, and entering the trajectory of socio-economic development and recovery. The authors argue that it is the strengthening of all state institutions, a balanced consolidating strategy of Azerbaijan studies, skillfully and quickly carried out broad economic reforms, rational approaches to attracting foreign direct investment and creating an appropriate business climate that have been and remain the engines of positive socio-economic transformations. The end of the military confrontation, the departure from the attitudes of extreme nationalism, as well as a number of unpopular measures that were taken under the firm leadership of Heydar Aliyev, were used to overcome separatism and disintegration phenomena, at the same time, human and organizational resources were subordinated to the preservation of Azerbaijan’s national identity and growth public consciousness of its society. The recovery of economic growth in post-Soviet Azerbaijan is inextricably linked with the development of oil resources on the shelf of the Caspian Sea. This was facilitated by a stable domestic and foreign policy, constitutional and legal framework for the development of entrepreneurship, which allows attracting foreign direct investment in the long term. At the present stage, official Baku professes strategic goals for the formation of a socially-oriented, diversified national economy, strengthening its free market relations and the ability to self-development in the context of trends in the world economy. This is facilitated by measures to implement a long-term strategy for the management of oil and gas revenues and a program for the socio-economic development of the regions of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Consequently, the national consolidation, economic growth of Azerbaijan along with the development of the armed forces have become effective factors in the restoration of territorial integrity and the return of uncontrolled territories and their modern restoration.

Данное исследование посвящено изучению технологии «перевёрнутого класса» в совокупности с интеграцией создания и записи учебных подкастов в социальной сети VK, а также использованием предлагаемой интеграции в непосредственной подготовке к устной части всероссийской проверочной работы по английскому языку в 7-х классах.

Presented article has been written based on the report, which was delivered at the International Workshop “The Cultural and Academic Relations between the Eastern Bloc Countries and the West during the Cold War Period” organized by the Ohara Institute for Social Research/Hosei University (Tokyo, Japan) in cooperation with the State Institution “Institute of World History of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine” (Kyiv, Ukraine) and Jagielonian University (Krakow, Poland).In order for reading this article to be more accessible for the scholars of post-Soviet countries, far and near abroad, the author, on exceptional basis, used Russian as the language of her research. Because exactly Russian was the language of learning of the author’s Japanese colleagues, professors from the Hosei University / Tokyo and other universities during their studying in the USSR in the Cold War years.The article underlines that accession of Ukraine to the Soviet Union as the Union Republic-co-founder and its commitment to the establishment of the new social and economic system involved a series of public transformations. In the Soviet Union, the industrialization, collectivization, and cultural revolution were conducted, numerous universities, scientific institutions, theatres, and other culture centers were opened. Soviet culture, as officially defined, served the purpose of construction of a socialist society. At the same time, the cultural policy of the Soviet Union had not only the objectives of changing public consciousness, covered the principles of liquidation of private property and repudiation of religion, but also, on the base of communist ideology, it was intended to provide a formation of the «New Soviet Man». The author demonstrated the Cold War influence on the culture of the USSR. The research highlighted that the development of new industries and scientific discoveries of global significance by the Soviet scientists enabled to use to a greater extent of human achievements for further progress and cultural wealth accumulation. The article deals with the achievements and loses in the process of Ukrainian national identity assertion.

The results of laboratory and instrumental studies are analyzed in 46 victims with skin burns of various localization, area and depth of the lesion infected with COVID virus 19 hospitalized in the burn center of Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Ambulance named after I.I. Dzhanelidze in 2020. The control group included 46 patients with similar severity lesions who were treated at the center in 2018. The data on the general condition of patients, clinical and biochemical blood tests, coagulogram, gas composition, general urine analysis, and X-ray data were assessed. It was found that in the groups of lightly and severely burned and patients in 75.9 and 64.9% of cases, respectively, X-ray examination and computed tomography of the chest organs did not reveal infiltrative changes in the lungs, despite the positive results of virological studies. In the second half of the incubation period, in comparison with the data obtained in the control group, deviations in the following indicators were stated: hemoglobin, hematocrit, leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, immature granulocytes, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, levels of total protein, creatinine and blood fibrinogen from 1.6% up to 18 times. In other analyzed parameters, no changes were noted. When comparing the data obtained in the second half of the incubation period with the results of laboratory studies of uninfected patients in the group of severely burned patients, significant differences were established among the thrombocyte readings (39.2% less), platelet count (42.9% less), and in the group of lightly burned the number of erythrocytes (less by 11.8%), hemoglobin (less by 19.4%), hematocrit (less by 16.2%) and eosinophils (less by 71%), total protein (less by 5.6%) and creatinine (less by 12.2%). Providing medical care to patients during the pandemic caused by the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 is a challenge for the healthcare system. The results obtained are the first step towards understanding the features of the course of typical pathological processes caused by burn injury and the new coronavirus infection COVID-19.

The article analyzes the activities of the Nazi “Special Mission Linz”, its organization and preparations for the opening of the Fuhrer-Museum in Linz. By A. Hitler’s design, Berlin was supposed to become a kind of Rome, and Linz – to become the European capital of world art. Although this museum was never established, its creation project and precious collections, most of which were seized from Jewish families, deserve a great deal of attention, and the connected with it secrets continue to be a concern of mankind. The crucial role in the selection and formation of the creating museum's expositions was played by its leaders. They took charge of future museum and selected for it the most precious items of the looted collections of Europe, coordinating the process of museum’s filling with Hitler. The author finds out that the Fuhrer-Museum in Linz expositions consisted mainly of art collections of Jews. The main criterion for the selection of valuable pieces of art for the museum was its belonging to the European high art. The article analyzes the components of the “mission’s” activities, outlines the routes of the artworks, which got into the museum collections in different ways. Besides, significant attention is paid in the article to the key figures: architects whose projects were approved by the Fuhrer, leaders of the museum in Linz – art historians and other executors who were directly involved in organizing and conducting of a large-scale looting of cultural property in Europe. The author notes that the purpose of the “Special Mission Linz”, was, inter alia, to find artworks created by masters of “Aryan” birth. The study emphasizes that such kind of museum establishment was an attempt to prove the greatness and steadfastness of the German Reich. It is noted in the article that Hitler was planning to build cultural centers in Königsberg and Drontheim (Norway) during the war. The Fuhrer wanted to establish a museum with cultural property from Eastern Europe in Königsberg, and the artworks of German authors were supposed to decorate the exposition of the newly created museum in Drontheim – the northernmost center of the future Great Empire. The fact that the Fuhrer-Museum in Linz was never built does not give any grounds to reject the facts of systematic looting and confiscation of cultural property that were conducting during many years of Nazi rule.

Fetal fibroblast culture transplantation results were evaluated in the treatment of 18 burn victims. Comparison group consisted of 18 burn patients received medical care without cellular technologies utilization. The main comparison parameters in the study groups: the timing of the first stage of autodermoplasty; the number of autodermoplasties during the treatment; hospitalization duration; the newly formed epidermis area estimation. Fetal fibroblast culture transplantation in burn patients with extensive skin defects was performed on average 14,883,56 days after the injury. The timing of the first stage of autodermoplasty did not differ in the main and control groups, not exceeding an average of 19,122,01 days (p=0,48). An average of 2,710,67 surgeries using cell technologies performed in patients of the study group. The use of fetal fibroblasts culture in patients with extensive skin defects reduces the need for autodermoplasty by 1,6 times due to the granulation tissue formation and the epidermal growth beginning 7 days after and complete epidermal formation 14 days after transplantation. Regenerative medicine technologies utilization in patients with extensive skin lesions is possible and appropriate. Due to the fetal fibroblasts culture transplantation a kind of temporary biological coating is formed in the wound. It accelerates the wound healing process phase change from exudation to proliferation and the preparation of skin defects for autodermoplasty, expanding the possibilities of effective patients treatment.

Analysis of available literature and our own experience, the main causes of the lysis / rejection of autoderm grafts are systematized. It is shown that there is no consensus among combustiologists about the causes of these complications. It is believed that the leading cause of such complications is the general condition of the body, the unpreparedness of wounds for surgical treatment and the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome in seriously ill people. The frequency of unsatisfactory treatment results also correlates with the level of contamination of the burn wound. An increase in microbial seeding to 107 or 108 colony forming units per gram is a relative contraindication to surgery, while the optimal level for skin grafting is considered to be 104 colony forming units per gram. In addition, locally plastic interventions are possible with a microbial load of 105 colony forming units per gram, subject to compensation for violations of the general condition of the victim. Of great importance are the timing of autodermotransplantation. Conducting skin plastics later than 14 days after the injury increases the risk of postoperative complications. This is due to the peculiarities of the pathophysiological processes characteristic of burn wounds. During the first two weeks from the moment of the injury, the processes of reparative regeneration prevail in them, however, their intensity progressively decreases over time. It has been demonstrated that immune system disorders also have a significant effect on the rate of graft lysis. Domestic experts have developed an original method for predicting the likelihood of an unsatisfactory result of skin grafting, based on an assessment of a number of parameters of the immune system. The results of our observations indicate that the main causes of lysis / rejection of autodermotransplantants in the postoperative period are insufficient preparation of wounds for surgical treatment, changes in the general condition of the body, impaired immune system (autoaggression), and a high level of microbial contamination. The development of common criteria for assessing a patients readiness for skin grafting to prevent rejection of transplanted autoderm grafts remains an urgent task of combustiology.

Relevance. Treatment of choice for patients with deep burns is early surgery, i.e. necrectomy with simultaneous plastic closure of the postoperative defect. However, technical implementation of necrectomy is still under debate.Intention. To assess current scientific views on the use of tangential necrectomy in the surgical treatment of burn victims.Methodology. A literature survey was carried out using PubMed database, the Google Academy search engine, and also resources of the Scientific electronic library (eLIBRARY.ru).Results and Discussion. The analysis allows us to conclude that at present tangential necrectomy for burn injuries is not generally approved. There is no convincing data on its indications, acceptable areas of simultaneously excised tissues and ex cision depth are not determined, the technique for performing tangential necrectomy using an electrodermatome has not been developed. There is no information on effective methods for closing postoperative defects using tangential excision of a scab.Conclusion. Thus, tangential necrectomy indications as well as acceptable areas of simultaneously dissected tissues and the depth of excision, tangential necrectomy technique via electrodermatome for closing postoperative wound defects need evidence-based justification.

Background Scientists around the world are interested in applying physical phenomena to various fields of science. The development of entire areas united by one concept (‘plasma medicine’, etc.) stands as a bright example. Present work focuses on only two concepts of interest, which are plasma jet and electric field, as far as results of their combined use in clinical practice and in surgery remain understudied. Objective Experimental evaluation of the effectiveness of physical methods of treatment in skin wound healing. Material and methods The study was carried out on 45 small laboratory animals (rats). They were divided into 5 groups of 9 individuals in each according to method chosen for experimental wound healing. To generate the plasma jet, a portable generator was used, which is the original development of specialists of the Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University. Planimetric and histological measurements were analysed. The antibacterial effectiveness of methods under research was investigated using Staphylococcus aureus 209P, cultivated in vitro on 6- and 12-millimeter discs. Discussion The combined use of non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma and frequency-modulated electric field signal exhibited the ability to accelerate eschar separation by 52.1% (p < 0.05) and stimulate restorative regeneration by 56% (p < 0.05). Combination of physical methods of treatment demonstrated pronounced antibacterial effect. A histological examination on biopsy sample on the 21st day of observation revealed formed (mature) granulations and large number of newly formed vessels. The cellular composition of epidermal basement membrane showed high level of differentiation. Conclusion The data obtained suggest that the use of the proposed methods in clinical practice will improve the treatment process of the patients with wounds of different etiology.

Introduction: Choledocholithiasis is still an actual problem of treatment of complicated forms of cholelithiasis. The difficulties in treatment of this pathology are caused by the predominance of elderly and senile aged patients whom biliary stenting in most cases can be used as the only method of treatment. The purpose of the study is to justify the usage of endobiliary prostheses with antiseptic coating in the treatment of patients with choledocholithiasis. Material and methods: We analyzed the results of 95 patients’ treatment with “difficult” choledocholithiasis and in these casesbiliary endoprostheses were used at the first stage of curing. In 56 cases (group 1–58.4%), stenting was performed with “traditional” plastic prostheses without special coating, 39 stentings (group 2–41.6%) were performed with plastic stents, the surfaces of which were modified with 10% betadin solution. Results: The frequency of patient’s postoperative complications of the 1st group was 19.64% and 7.69% in the 2nd group. The decrease of specific complications such as early stent obturation and the development of purulent cholangitis was identified. The rate of complications in cases of endobiliary uncoated stenting using was 7.14% and 5.36% and these complications occurred in 2.56% and 2.56% in the group where Betadine coating was used. The term of serving of the biliary stents in the 2nd group (182.3±37.1 days) was significantly higher than the term of the uncoated stents (125.8±33.9 days). Conclusion: The usage of the antiseptic coating reduces the risk of developing of purulent-septic complications and increases the duration of functioning of biliary stents in patients with “difficult” choledocholithiasis.

Relevance. The realities of modern life demonstrate the likelihood of occurrence of man-made emergencies and terrorist acts. In 2000–2017 In Russia, 120 major terrorist acts and 118 emergency situations related to explosions in buildings, communications, and technological equipment of industrial and agricultural facilities were taken into account. In these terrorist acts, 1570 people were killed and 5118 people were injured; during explosions at industrial facilities 725 and 1919 people, respectively, were killed and injured.Intention. The analysis of explosions in mines and explosive trauma during the terrorist act in the subway of St. Petersburg in 2017 was carried out. Common signs and problems of medical care to victims were determined.Methodology. The general signs of explosive injury are identified, the nosological forms are compared in the victims. The volume of medical care at the prehospital stage and the nature of the treatment and diagnostic measures at hospital admission were assessed. The significance of first aid in the golden hour interval has been determined.Results and discussion. According to the results of the study, the feasibility of treating victims of industrial accidents and terrorist acts in multidisciplinary medical institutions with the mandatory inclusion of rehabilitation measures in the treatment algorithm is substantiated. The analyzed data revealed a problem in determining the severity of the condition of patients with combined thermomechanical injury, the feasibility of further developing an integrated index for determining the severity of injury for victims of this category, the development of which is carried out at the I.I. Dzhanelidze Research Institute of Emergency Care.Conclusion. It is shown that the planning and creation of reserves, their nomenclature and volumes should be coordinated with dedicated medical professionals and undergo regular adjustments.

The article analyzes the problem of reproduction and preservation of collective memory about the First World War in the countries of Eastern Europe. There has been an emphasis on differentapproaches, which exist both earlier and at the present stage, at the formal and human levels. It identifies the First World War in the memory of the Russian and Ukrainian peoples, emphasizes thecomponents and factors of change, and outlines the lessons that current generations must take to prevent such disasters in the future.

Purpose. To evaluate the results of the application of allogenic fibroblasts in patients with extensive thermal burns. Methods. The study included 34 patients with burns over 20% TBSA, treated in the burn ICU. In accordance with the indications for transplantation of fibroblasts, all patients were divided into 4 groups: stimulation of regeneration of superficial burns (n = 10), stimulation of regeneration after meshed skin graft (n = 14), reduction of healing time for donor wounds (n = 6) and acceleration growth of granulations after the escharectomy (n = 4). Results. A positive effect of fibroblast transplantation was found in 7 (70%) patients of the first group, 13 (93%) of the patients in the second group, 2 (33%) of the third group and 2 (50%) in the fourth study group. Conclusion. The maximum positive effect of transplantation of human dermal fibroblasts can be observed when performing the meshed skin graft and treating the superficial burns.

The article focuses on the problem of cultural values, which as a result of the World War ІІ, were scattered in the world – taken out of Germany, Austria, Poland, Ukraine, displaced or permanentlylost. There are found out the ways of how cultural values, as a result of military action, occurred in different countries-museums, private collections. The movement of cultural values due to the sale andchange of the owner far beyond the country of origin is shown, the problem of alienation of cultural values of violent way is singled out. It is drawn down the contractual-legal base, which gives groundsfor protection of cultural heritage, and it was analyzed German-Polish dialogue in the case of return and restitution of cultural values, displaced or lost during the World War ІІ. Along with the aftermathof World War II and the complexities that have to be overcome, the examples of the return of priceless paintings taken during the war are presented. The history of the picture “Lady with an ermine” andGerman-Polish dialogue on the possibilities of its return is described. This masterpiece from the Museum of Chartoryiskikh in Krakow is considered one of the most valuable pieces of Poland. The keyissues that develop and that hamper dialogue on protection of cultural values during wars and armed conflicts and also restrict their return and restitution have been revealed.

The article is an analytical review of the evolution of historical and collective memory issues and of the development of memory studies. The analysis of the scientific achievements in the field ofmemory studies has revealed the ineffably selective nature of collective memory, in which its work for restoration of the Past is carried out according to the laws and needs of the Modernity. Thus, thepoliticization of the Past is an integral part of its functioning in the Present. In the countries of young democracy the increase of the degree of politicization of the Past is also determined by the logic of the nation-building processes. It was revealed that sacred and mythological nature of the “heroic narrative” is serving as the identification basis for the community and the “reference point” is associated with it. That is why very often the moment when “everything began” causes the deployment of “wars of memory” around them. In the context of globalization the “war of memory” goes beyondnational borders and turns into a factor of interstate relations. It is found that in the modern world in the field of memory politics a global consensus has already been formed, and it is based on theprinciples of the universality of human rights, freedom and democracy. This causes a change in the earlier memory narratives, which were based on images of victories and triumphs, by the narratives ofhistorical trauma and sacrifice.

Memory and learning tragic pages of history, such as genocide and crimes against humanity, are of great importance for the future of the state. This article deals with the problem of the looted art, itsplace in the politics of memory of the Federal Republic of Germany. The problems of protection, preservation, and repatriation of the cultural heritage looted by the Nazi before and during World WarII have received new treatment in the German society. It is pointed out that Germany has extensive experience of addressing the burdensome past, it has been established how the FRG solves the problem of its overcoming, its new facets and dimensions are revealed. The German experience of the last decades in the matter of search and restitution of lost and illegally transported works of art and its value for Ukraine is analyzed.

The focus of the article is given to the role and place of the auction house “Adolf Weinmüller” in Nazi art trade. Found that this famous art auction house in Munich laid background Modern Art in Munich and the auction house “Neumeister”. The owner of the auction house – “Neumeister” K. Stoll encouraged researching the history of Nazism by studying the case of Adolf Weinmüller’s archival documents. Emphasized that opening access to private archives of the auction house “Neumeister” – successor house of “Adolf Weinmüller”, which was not only to cause a breakthrough in solving crimes of the National Socialists but an important step in overcoming the consequences of totalitarianism in Germany. It is important to note that such explicit steps still do not dare any auction house in Germany. Thus was laid the scientific for a number of projects to find and declassification of archival documents.

Відповідно до критерію функціональної і параметричної надійності при конструкторськотехнологічному проектуванні корпусних деталей були поставлені та вирішені наступні задачі: ідентифікація браку литих деталей двигунів внутрішнього згорання; виявлення "вузьких" місць у конструкції деталі з технологічної точки зору; моделювання напружено-деформованого стану литих деталей; моделювання процесів кристалізації; виявлення факторів формування залишкових напружень на етапі виготовлення литих деталей. У цій статті розглядається вирішення вищезазначених питань з метою забезпечення якості першого об’єкта дослідження – чавунної литої деталі блоку циліндрів рядного чотирициліндрового бензинового двигуна об’ємом 1,4 дм3 для автомобілів DAEWOO SENS. Для вирішення поставленої проблеми, пов’язаної з кристалізацією металу, були проведені дослідження процесів затвердіння литих деталей блоку циліндра. Була обрана система автоматизованого моделювання ливарних процесів LVMFlow. Рівняння моделі розв’язувались методом скінченних різниць (FDM) на регулярній прямокутній різницевій сітці. Отримані у даній роботі результати підтверджуються висновками про можливість зниження металоємності виливки і зміни технічних умов її виготовлення. За результатами проведених досліджень були розроблені рекомендації, спрямовані на стабілізацію характеристик сплаву, зниження металоємності ливарної форми та зміни технічних умов щодо дефектності даного виду виливок. Були надані рекомендації щодо зміни конфігурації перегородки з метою зниження металоємності виливки та рекомендації щодо зміни технічних умов на дефекти виливки, що проявляються на стінках і перетинах ливарного блок-картера 4ЧН12/14. Було встановлено, що для ливарних дефектів типу несуцільності визначається максимальний розмір і перевизначаються контрольовані місця. This paper discusses the formulation of the problem of designing the cast parts block-crankcases engine in order to ensure its quality for the case study of cast iron parts of the cylinder block inline four-cylinder gasoline engine with the capacity of 1.4 dm3. Material Ch190B is gray cast iron with optional chemical composition, and sulfur – no more than 0.15 %, phosphorus – no more than 0.1 %, structure – perlite plate. The results obtained in this work confirm the conclusions about the possibility of reducing the metal content of the casting and changing the technical conditions of its manufacture. According to the results of the research, the developed recommendations are aimed at stabilizing the characteristics of the metal, reducing metal consumption, and changing the technical conditions for the defectiveness of this type of castings. Recommendations for changing the configuration of the partition in order to reduce the metal content of the casting and recommendations for changing the Technical Conditions for casting defects were stated for the casting block crankcase 4ChN12/14. For defects of discontinuity type, the maximum size was defined, and controlled places of their detecting were defined.

The patient 58-year-old with nodular goiter grade 2 was hospitalized to the surgical clinic. Thyroidectomy was performed. Postoperative period was complicated by hiccups and pulsation in the right half of the neck. According to angiography and CT data, there were a hematoma within thyroid bed and arteriovenous fistula between superior thyroid artery and right facial vein. Surgical repair of the fistula and false aneurysm drainage were carried out. This case report demonstrates a rare complication of thyroidectomy - arteriovenous fistula between superior thyroid artery and facial vein followed by pulsatile false aneurysm.В клинику госпитальной хирургии НИУ 'БелГУ' был госпитализирован больной 58 лет по поводу узлового зоба II степени. Выполнена тиреоидэктомия. В послеоперационном периоде у пациента появились икота и ощущение пульсации в области шеи справа. При ангиографии и спиральной компьютерной томографии шеи в ложе щитовидной железы справа обнаружена пульсирующая гематома с артериовенозной фистулой между верхней щитовидной артерией и правой лицевой веной. Произведено оперативное вмешательство: разобщение артериовенозной фистулы верхней щитовидной артерии с ветвями лицевой вены справа с удалением гематомы. Представленное клиническое наблюдение демонстрирует редкий случай возникновения артериовенозного свища верхней щитовидной артерии с ветвями лицевой вены с формированием пульсирующей гематомы после тиреоидэктомии.

Recent researches left no doubt in clinical efficacy of allogenic fibroblasts transplantation in case of burn treatment. There are several problems concerning indications and terms of transplantation performance of cell culture in treatment of boundary burns. The authors would like to prove an application of allogenic fibroblast culture in surgical treatment of victims with extensive dermal burns. The authors analyzed the results of surgical treatment of 36 miners, who were cured in burn department of V.K. Gusak Institute of Emergency and Plastic Surgery (Donetsk) at the period from 2004 to 2013. It was found that the application of fetal allogenic fibroblasts reduced the number of repeated autoplasty on 36% in main group of patients due to optimization of wound healing in case of burns.

Preparations for the adoption of the new Law on Cultural Values Protection, its discussion and debates, that seriously puzzled the German Government, and also caused acute criticism from the representatives of the world of art are analyzed. Attention is focused on approaches to the important and quite complex in this regard issue concerning preservation of illegal movement of cultural objects that belong to the cultural heritage of the state. The main purpose of the bill is to enhance the protection of cultural property and effectively combat the illicit trafficking of them. The intentions of the Federal Government to integrate pre-existing laws in the field of cultural values into one law are very important. The main principles of the law in the new edition are protection from being sold overseas collections of state museums, including exhibits from private ownership that are in museums temporarily. It is highlighted that under current legislation, in each federal state of art and other cultural treasures, including libraries, must be entered in the register of national cultural values. These items have privileges in taxation, their export outside Germany requires special permission from the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Germany, which can be stipulated for a number of restrictions and reservations. In the article it is underlined that he XXI century has set new challenges and tasks for German scientists that require operational, but balanced approach in their solution.

We carried out the retrospective analysis of the results of treatment of 386 patients with periampullary cancer, complicated by obstructive jaundice. All patients were divided into two groups: the first group included patients who underwent traditional surgical interventions, and the second group included endoscopic transpapillary surgeries. Pancreas head cancer was detected in 177 patients, major duodenal papilla cancer - in 145, cancer of the common bile duct terminal portion - in 64 patients. Duration of the bile ducts obstruction lasted from 3 to 45 days. The presence of obstructive jaundice in this category of patients was considered an indication for performing endoscopic transpapillarydecompressive interventions, regardless of whether the volumetric formation was determined in the projection of the major duodenal papilla. The authors showed that the endoscopic transpapillary interventions are the main method of decompression of the biliary tree, enabling to completely abandon the performance of traditional surgical interventions with unresectable cancer of organs of the pancreatoduodenal region complicated by obstructive jaundice. Key words:endoscopy interventions, periampullary carcinoma, obstructive jaundice

The relative advantages of the tools for the environmental protection have been assessed in the article. From the economical point of view emission taxes, subsidies for abatement of emissions, and market-based permit system are more preferable in comparison with the control and management systems. The control of emissions for each organization can be achieved only in case when the marginal costs of abatement for each pollutant are known, which is unlikely in practice. In case of immiscible pollution, the determination of the marginal costs of organizations to control emissions is not required only for permitting schemes, which gives them an advantage over other tools. The least expensive for achieving a particular purpose in the fight against pollution is the tool of minimum technological requirements for the protection of the environment. The long-term effect of the instrument depends on the net income effect and the effect of technological innovation. Subsidy schemes or alternative methods of initial distribution of market permits at the expense of positive effects of income can increase the size of the industry, which is undesirable from the ecological point of view. In order to neutralize this effect, the organizations of the subsidized industry may be obliged to make one-time payments, the amount of which is the total cost of subsidies. The second way is the induced impact on the pace of technological innovation. Control and management tools have weak incentives for innovation. An emissions tax (or emission control subsidy) will encourage environmentally sound innovation. In the market scheme, emission reductions reduce taxes. Pollution control instruments have different consequences for the distribution of income in the economy and the competitiveness of the economy.

В результате своевременного оперативного лечения и индивидуальной интенсивной терапии удалось спасти жизнь ребенку при менингококцемии и некрозе кожных покровов на площади 40 % поверхности тела. Многократное хирургическое лечение ран проводилось с использованием клеточных технологий. Это позволило добиться первичного приживления аутодермотрансплантатов при дефиците донорских ресурсов.

93 patients with chronic pancreatitis were treated endoscopically: 44 had transpapillar procedures and 49 patients had transmural operations. The transmural procedures were applied in case of pancreatic pseudicysts, whereas transpapillar endoscopic operations were applied in cases of the obstructive jaundice, pseudocyst, connected of the main pancreatic duct, virsungolithyasis or ductal pancreatitis with pain syndrome. The endoscopic procedures by chronic pancreatitis proved to be the reliable alternative to the traditional surgery.

Using the ARGUS detector at thee+e− storage ring DORIS II, flavour-dependent kaon production inB meson decays has been studied. Using the leptons as flavour tags, it has been possible to separately measure the multiplicities ofK+,K− andKs0 in inclusiveB decays and in semileptonicB decays. The kaon production in semileptonicB decays was further used to estimate the ratio of charmed decays over all decays, and thus also the fraction of charmlessB decays.

The production ofK *+(892),K *0(892),ρ 0(770) andω(783) vector mesons inρ 0(770) events as well as in the gluonic Υ(1S) decays andρ 0(770) decays has been studied using the ARGUS detector. Combining these results with data on pseudoscalar meson, ϕ meson and baryon production collected with the same detector allow comprehensive studies of quark and gluon fragmentation. Model independent information ons quark and vector meson suppression (s/u=0.37±0.04,V/(V+P) π=0.21±0.04 andV/(V+P) K =0.34±0.03)) are derived. The data are compared with predictions from the models Jetset 7.3 and UCLA 7.31.

Exclusive semileptonicB decays with aD *+ meson in the final state have been studied using the ARGUS detector at the DORIS II storage ring. The branching ratio for the decay $$\bar B^0 \to D^{* + } \ell ^ - \bar v$$ , where l- is eithere − or μ-, has been measured to be (5.2±0.5±0.6)%. A significant rate for the decay $$\bar B \to D^{**} \ell ^ - \bar v$$ has been observed. From an angular analysis of the cascade $$\bar B^0 \to D^{* + } ( \to D^0 \pi ^ + )\ell ^ - \bar v$$ the forward-backward asymmetryA FB and theD *+ polarization parameter α have been determined to beA FB=0.20±0.08±0.06 and α=1.1±0.4±0.2.

Using the ARGUS detector at the e+e− storage ring DORIS II, we have determined the Michel parameters ϱ and ξ of τ → μν ν and τ → eν ν decays. From a data sample with 333 events/pb around s = 10 GeV , we select 3230 events e + e − → τ + τ − → (μ ± μ μ )( e ǂv v ) and determine ϱ from the e and μ momentum spectra and ξ from the correlations between e and μ momenta. For ϱ we obtain ϱτ→e = 0.79 ± 0.08 ± 0.06 and ϱτ→μ = 0.76 ± 0.08 in accordance with the V - A structure of the decays. The momentum correlations are only sensitive to the product ξτ→eξτ→μ. Setting ξτ→e = ξτ→μ, we obtain |ξτ| = 0.90 ± 0.15 ± 0.10 also in accordance with V - A. The updated decay fractions are B(τ → e v v ) = (17.5 ± 0.3 ± 0.5)% and B(τ → μv v ) = (17.4 ± 0.3 ± 0.5)% .

Using the ARGUS detector at the DORIS-II electron-positron storage ring at DESY, we have investigated the exclusive decay D ∗+ → D 0 π + , D 0 → K S 0 π + π − . From a partial wave analysis of the KS0π+π− system we find that (71.8± 4.2 ± 3.0)% are D 0 → K ∗− π + and (22.7 ± 3.2 ± 0.9)% are D 0 → K 0 ϱ 0 with a relative phase of (−137 ± 7 ± 3)° between the channels. The remaining fraction can be described by several channels involving excited resonances, but not by a three-body phase space decay, thus giving first evidence for D0 decays into K 0 ∗ (1430) − π + , K 0 f 0 (1975), K 0 f 2 (1270) , and K 0 f 0 (1400) .

The inclusive production cross sections of η′ (958) andf o (975) mesons are measured ine + e − annihilation in the nonresonant continuum around $$\sqrt s = 10$$ GeV and in decays of the υ resonances using the ARGUS detector. For η′ (958) mesons, a production ratio of η′ (958)/ηdir=0.35±0.24, with ηdir=η−BR(η′→ηX)·η′, is determined in direct υ(1S) decays, which can be partially explained by the pseudoscalar singlet/octet mixing. Forf o (975) production, we obtain a production ratio off o (975)/p(770)°=0.17±0.030 in direct υ(1S) decays. In its production features, thef o (975) behaves like an ordinary meson, though aK $$\bar K$$ molecule nature cannot be excluded. The substantial production yield of thef o (975) meson demonstrates the important effect of feeddown from mesons beyond the basic multiples on pseudoscalar and vector meson production.

Using the detector ARGUS at thee + e − storage ring DORIS II, we have investigated inclusive momentum spectra of charged pions, kaons, and protons from decays of the υ(4S) meson. The kaon spectra have been measured in two independent ways, by coherently exploiting the detector's particle identification capabilities, and by detecting decays in-flight. The extracted mean multiplicities for charged hadrons are 7.17±0.05±0.14 pions, 1.56±0.03±0.05 kaons and 0.110±0.010±0.007 protons per υ(4S) decay, where pions and protons fromK and Δ decays have been subtracted.

Observation of the semileptonic decay of the charmed baryon in the decay channel has been made using the ARGUS detector at the e + e − storage ring DORIS II at DESY. The cross section times branching ratio was found to be .

A search has been performed for rareB meson decays intoD − mesons arising fromb→u transitions,W exchange modes,B + annihilation processes, and decays where theD + is not produced via aW→c $$\bar s$$ quark pair coupling, using the ARGUS detector operating on the Ψ(4S) resonance at thee + e − storage ring DORIS II. Upper limits for individual decay modes are obtained. In addition, from a study ofD + l- correlations an upper limit of BR (B→D + l- X) (90% CL) is determined.

Using the ARGUS detector at the DORIS IIe +e− storage ring we have studied the three-pion hadronic final state in the decay τ- → π-π-π+ v τ. From about 7500 events we conclude that the three-pion system is dominated by theJ P=1+ resonancea 1 (1260) decaying preferentially via ρ0π-. Our data restrict a possible ρπ contribution of three-pion states without intermediate resonances to less than 6% at 95% CL. Fitting a model by Isgur et al. to the data yields $$m_{a_1 } = (1.211 \pm 0.007 \pm _{0.0}^{0.050} ) GeV/c^2 $$ and $$\Gamma _{a_1 } = (0.446 \pm 0.0021 \pm _{0.0}^{0.140} ) GeV/c^2 $$ . The second errors reflect the model dependence of the result. This is the currently most significant determination of thea 1 resonance parameters. The ratio ofS- andD-wave amplitudes for the ρ0π- intermediate state of thea 1 − decay at the nominala 1 − mass was found to beD/S=−0.11±0.02. Using thisD/S ratio we update our former measurement of the parity violating asymmetry parameter $$\gamma _{AV} = 2g_A g_V /(g_A^2 + g_V^2 )$$ to 1.25±0.23± 0.08 0.15 . The branching ratio of the decay τ- → π-π-π+ v τ is determined to be Br(τ- → π-π-π+ v τ)=(6.8±0.1±0.5)%.

Using the ARGUS detector at the e + e - storage ring using DORIS II at DESY, we have observed a new decay channel for the excited charm-strange meson D s1 (2536) + →D∗ O K + . The production cross section for the D s 1 (2536) + decaying via this channel is measured to be σ ( D s1 (2536) + )· BR (D sl (2536) + →D∗ 0 K + )= 18±4±3 pb at E CM = 10.4 GeV. The mass of the D s 1 (2536) + is found to be 2535.2 ± 0.5±1.5 MeV/ c 2 in agreement with the value obtained from an analysis of the D s1 (2536) + →D∗ + K 0 s decay channel. The natural width is determined to be less than 3.9 MeV/ c 2 at 90%CL.

Using the ARGUS detector at the DORIS II storage ring, a new measurement of the mass of the τ lepton has been obtained. An analysis of the tau pseudomass spectrum for decays of the type τ− → π−π−π+ντ finds mτ = 1776.3±2.4±1.4 MeV/c2. This result also leads to an improvement of the upper limit on the ντ mass to mντ < 31 MeV/c2 at the 95% confidence level.

Using the ARGUS detector at thee+e− storage ring DORIS II at DESY, a study ofB0\(\bar B^0 \) oscillations has been performed using three different techniques. Besides the standard dilepton method, charge correlations betweenD* mesons and one or two leptons have also been investigated. The mixing parameterr is determined to be (20.6±7.0)%.

Using the ARGUS detector at the DORIS II storage ring, we have studied τ decays with one or three charged particles in the final state, obtaining the following values for the branching ratios: BR(τ−→e − $$\bar v_e v_\tau $$ )=(17.3±0.4±0.5)% BR(τ−→μ− $$\bar v_\mu v_\tau $$ )=(17.2±0.4±0.5)%,BR(τ−→π− v π)+BR(τ−→K − v π)=(11.7±0.6±0.8)% and BR(π−→3-prong)=(13.3±0.3±0.8)%. These measurements confirm the present world averages with a precision, in each case, comparable to the error on the combination of all previous results.