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Abstract This paper presents the energy dependence of multiplicity and net-electric charge fluctuations in p+p interactions at beam momenta 20, 31, 40, 80, and 158 $$\text{ Ge }\hspace{-1.00006pt}\text{ V }\!/\!c$$ Ge V / c . Results are corrected for the experimental biases and quantified with the use of cumulants and factorial cumulants. Cumulant ratios are an essential tool in the search for the critical point of strongly interacting matter in heavy ion collisions. Measurements performed in p+p interactions provide a vital baseline estimation in these studies. The measured signals are compared with the string hadronic models Epos1.99 and FTFP-BERT.

Abstract The yields of $$K^0_S$$ K S 0 mesons have been measured in inelastic p+p interactions at incident projectile momenta of 31, 40 and 80 $$\text {Ge}\hspace{-1.00006pt}\text {V}\!/\!c$$ Ge V / c ( $$\sqrt{s_{NN}}=7.7, 8.8$$ s NN = 7.7 , 8.8 and 12.3 $$\text {Ge}\hspace{-1.00006pt}\text {V}$$ Ge V , respectively). The data were recorded by the NA61 $$/$$ / SHINE spectrometer at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron and the $$K^0_S$$ K S 0 mesons identified via their decays into $$\pi ^{+} \pi ^{-}$$ π + π - pairs. Double-differential distributions are presented as function of transverse momentum and rapidity. The mean multiplicities of $$K^0_S$$ K S 0 mesons were determined to be $$(5.95 \pm 0.19 (stat) \pm 0.30 (sys)) \times 10^{-2}$$ ( 5.95 ± 0.19 ( s t a t ) ± 0.30 ( s y s ) ) × 10 - 2 at 31 $$\text {Ge}\hspace{-1.00006pt}\text {V}\!/\!c$$ Ge V / c , $$(7.61 \pm 0.13 (stat) \pm 0.43 (sys)) \times 10^{-2}$$ ( 7.61 ± 0.13 ( s t a t ) ± 0.43 ( s y s ) ) × 10 - 2 at 40 $$\text {Ge}\hspace{-1.00006pt}\text {V}\!/\!c$$ Ge V / c and $$(11.58 \pm 0.12 (stat) \pm 0.55 (sys)) \times 10^{-2}$$ ( 11.58 ± 0.12 ( s t a t ) ± 0.55 ( s y s ) ) × 10 - 2 at 80 $$\text {Ge}\hspace{-1.00006pt}\text {V}\!/\!c$$ Ge V / c . The results on $$K^{0}_{S}$$ K S 0 production are compared with the production of charged kaons in corresponding reactions and with model calculations (Epos1.99, SMASH 2.0 and PHSD) as well as with published data from other experiments.

Abstract The critical point of strongly interacting matter is searched for at the CERN SPS by the NA61/SHINE experiment in central $$^{40}$$ 40 Ar + $$^{45}$$ 45 Sc collisions at 13 A, 19 A, 30 A, 40 A, and 75 A GeV/c. The dependence of the second-order scaled factorial moments of proton multiplicity distributions on the number of subdivisions in transverse momentum space is measured. The intermittency analysis uses statistically independent data sets for every subdivision in transverse and cumulative-transverse momentum variables. The results obtained do not indicate the searched intermittent pattern. An upper limit on the fraction of correlated protons and the intermittency index is obtained based on a comparison with the Power-law Model.

Abstract The NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron studies the onset of deconfinement in strongly interacting matter through a beam energy scan of particle production in collisions of nuclei of varied sizes. This paper presents results on inclusive double-differential spectra, transverse momentum and rapidity distributions and mean multiplicities of $$\pi ^\pm $$ π ± , $$K^\pm $$ K ± , p and $$\bar{p}$$ p ¯ produced in $$^{40}\hbox {Ar+}^{45}\hbox {Sc}$$ 40 Ar+ 45 Sc collisions at beam momenta of 13A, 19A, 30A, 40A, 75A and 150A $$\text{ Ge }\hspace{-1.00006pt}\text{ V }\!/\!c$$ Ge V / c . The analysis uses the 10% most central collisions, where the observed forward energy defines centrality. The energy dependence of the $$K^\pm $$ K ± / $$\pi ^\pm $$ π ± ratios as well as of inverse slope parameters of the $$K^\pm $$ K ± transverse mass distributions are placed in between those found in inelastic $$p+p$$ p + p and central Pb + Pb collisions. The results obtained here establish a system-size dependence of hadron production properties that so far cannot be explained either within statistical or dynamical models.

Abstract This paper reports measurements of two-pion femtoscopic correlations in Be+Be collisions at a beam momentum of 150 $$A\,\hbox {GeV}\!/\!c$$ A GeV / c (energy available in the center-of-mass system for nucleon pair $$\sqrt{s_{\text {NN}}} = 16.84$$ s NN = 16.84 GeV) by the NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN SPS accelerator. The obtained momentum space correlation functions can be well described by a Lévy distributed source model. The transverse mass dependence of the Lévy source parameters is presented, and their possible theoretical interpretations are discussed. The results show that the Lévy exponent $$\alpha $$ α is approximately constant as a function of $$m_{\text {T}}$$ m T , and far from both the Gaussian case of $$\alpha = 2$$ α = 2 or the conjectured value at the critical endpoint, $$\alpha = 0.5$$ α = 0.5 . The radius scale parameter R shows a slight decrease in $$m_{\text {T}}$$ m T , which can be explained as a signature of transverse flow. Finally, an approximately constant trend of the intercept parameter $$\lambda $$ λ as a function of $$m_{\text {T}}$$ m T was observed, similar to previous NA44 S + Pb results (obtained with a Gaussian approximation, but unlike RHIC results).

Abstract The critical point of dense, strongly interacting matter is searched for at the CERN SPS in 40Ar + 45Sc collisions at 150A Ge V /c. The dependence of second-order scaled factorial moments of proton multiplicity distribution on the number of subdivisions of transverse momentum space is measured. The intermittency analysis is performed using both transverse momentum and cumulative transverse momentum. For the first time, statistically independent data sets are used for each subdivision number. The obtained results do not indicate any statistically significant intermittency pattern. An upper limit on the fraction of correlated proton pairs and the power of the correlation function is obtained based on a comparison with the Power-law Model developed for this purpose.

A study of taxonomic differentiation and transition bias of the cytb gene, focusing on the early stages of speciation, was carried out in 15 subfamilies/families of five orders of Palearctic mammals. It was confirmed that the genetic differentiation among taxa of small and large mammals is shifted by the same taxonomic level, in which connection the period of cryptic speciation of Micromammalia (semi- and allospecific levels) corresponds to the divergence of type species in their genus within Macromammalia. In all cases, both transition bias and its evolutionary compensation took place. The novelty of the study also lies in the proof that the alignment of the transitions and transversion rates in evolutionary lineages has the pattern of a phase transition, and the frequency of transversions in short-cycle species of the orders Insectivora and Rodentia is higher than in long-cycle orders Artiodactyla, Carnivora and Chiroptera while with relative equality of transitions. The latter circumstance might be associated with the traits of metabolism and determines the characteristics of the molecular evolution of mammalian groups with short and long life cycles.

Abstract Measurements of $$K^{*}(892)^0$$ K ∗ ( 892 ) 0 resonance production via its $$K^{+}\pi ^{-}$$ K + π - decay mode in inelastic p+p collisions at beam momenta 40 and 80 $$\text{ GeV }\!/\!c$$ GeV / c ( $$\sqrt{s_{NN}}=8.8$$ s NN = 8.8 and 12.3 $$\text{ GeV }$$ GeV ) are presented. The data were recorded by the NA61/SHINE hadron spectrometer at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. The template method was used to extract the $$K^{*}(892)^0$$ K ∗ ( 892 ) 0 signal. Transverse momentum and rapidity spectra were obtained. The mean multiplicities of $$K^{*}(892)^0$$ K ∗ ( 892 ) 0 mesons were found to be $$(35.1 \pm 1.3 \mathrm {(stat)} \pm 3.6 \mathrm {(sys))} \cdot 10^{-3}$$ ( 35.1 ± 1.3 ( stat ) ± 3.6 ( sys ) ) · 10 - 3 at 40 $$\text{ GeV }\!/\!c$$ GeV / c and $$(58.3 \pm 1.9 \mathrm {(stat)} \pm 4.9 \mathrm {(sys))} \cdot 10^{-3}$$ ( 58.3 ± 1.9 ( stat ) ± 4.9 ( sys ) ) · 10 - 3 at 80 $$\text{ GeV }\!/\!c$$ GeV / c . The NA61/SHINE results are compared with the Epos1.99 and Hadron Resonance Gas models as well as with world data. The transverse mass spectra of $$K^{*}(892)^0$$ K ∗ ( 892 ) 0 mesons and other particles previously reported by NA61/SHINE were fitted within the Blast-Wave model. The transverse flow velocities are close to 0.1–0.2 of the speed of light and are significantly smaller than the ones determined in heavy nucleus-nucleus interactions at the same beam momenta.

Abstract The production of $$K^{0}_{S}$$ K S 0 mesons in inelastic p+p collisions at beam momentum 158 $$\text{ GeV }/c$$ GeV / c ( $$\sqrt{s_{NN}}=17.3$$ s NN = 17.3 $$\text{ GeV }$$ GeV ) was measured with the NA61/SHINE spectrometer at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. Double-differential distributions were obtained in transverse momentum and rapidity. The mean multiplicity of $$K^{0}_{S}$$ K S 0 was determined to be $$0.162 \pm 0.001 (stat.) \pm 0.011 (sys.)$$ 0.162 ± 0.001 ( s t a t . ) ± 0.011 ( s y s . ) . The results on $$K^{0}_{S}$$ K S 0 production are compared with model predictions (EPOS 1.99, SMASH 2.0, PHSD and UrQMD 3.4 models) as well as with published world data.

Abstract Double-differential yields of $${\Xi \left( 1530\right) ^{0}} $$ Ξ 1530 0 and $${\overline{\Xi }\left( 1530\right) ^{0}} $$ Ξ ¯ 1530 0 resonances produced in p+p interactions were measured at a laboratory beam momentum of 158 $$\text{ GeV }\!/\!c$$ GeV / c . This measurement is the first of its kind in p+p interactions below LHC energies. It was performed at the CERN SPS by the NA61/SHINE collaboration. Double-differential distributions in rapidity and transverse momentum were obtained from a sample of $$26\times 10^6$$ 26 × 10 6 inelastic events. The spectra are extrapolated to full phase space resulting in mean multiplicity of $${\Xi \left( 1530\right) ^{0}} $$ Ξ 1530 0 ( $$6.73 \pm 0.25\pm 0.67)\times 10^{-4}$$ 6.73 ± 0.25 ± 0.67 ) × 10 - 4 and $${\overline{\Xi }\left( 1530\right) ^{0}} $$ Ξ ¯ 1530 0 ( $$2.71 \pm 0.18\pm 0.18)\times 10^{-4}$$ 2.71 ± 0.18 ± 0.18 ) × 10 - 4 . The rapidity and transverse momentum spectra and mean multiplicities were compared to predictions of string-hadronic and statistical model calculations.

Characters of taxonomy and evolutionary scenario based on genetic differentiation of generic groups of forest and field mice Apodemus s. l. were established by analyzing the variability of the cyt-b (cytochrome-1, cytb) gene. For this purpose, 124 sequences of Apodemus s. l. and other Palearctic Muridae genera (Mus, Micromys, Rattus) were downloaded from GenBank. The adequacy of the categories of semispecies, allospecies, species, whose genetic differentiation corresponds to GD ranges of 0.03–0.06, 0.06–0.1 and 0.1–0.15, has been proven. Within the genus Sylvaemus the following species are recognised: S. (Sylvaemus) alpicola, S. (S.) arianus (= witherbyi), S. (S.) flavicollis, S. (S.) hyrcanicus, S. (S.) ponticus, S. (S.) (superspecies) sylvaticus, S. (S.) (superspecies) uralensis, S. (Karstomys) epimelas, S. (K.) mystacinus, S. (?) rusiges: within Apodemus: A. agrarius, A. chevrieri, within Alsomys: Al. argenteus, Al. ilex, Al. Latronum, Al. (superspecies) major (= peninsulae), Al. nigrus, Al. semotus, Al. speciosus. Generic taxonomy remains ambiguous, which is caused not only by different scales of differentiation of most species of Western and Eastern Palaearctic lineages, but also by the lack of information on key genus specific characters: the number of roots on upper molars and number of mammary glands for most East Asian species.

Abstract The physics goal of the strong interaction program of the NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) is to study the phase diagram of hadronic matter by a scan of particle production in collisions of nuclei with various sizes at a set of energies covering the SPS energy range. This paper presents differential inclusive spectra of transverse momentum, transverse mass and rapidity of $$\pi ^{-}$$ π - mesons produced in central $${}^{40}$$ 40 Ar+ $${}^{45}$$ 45 Sc collisions at beam momenta of 13A, 19A, 30A, 40A, 75A and 150 $$A\,\text{ Ge }\text{ V }\!/\!\textit{c}$$ A Ge V / c . Energy and system size dependence of parameters of these distributions – mean transverse mass, the inverse slope parameter of transverse mass spectra, width of the rapidity distribution and mean multiplicity – are presented and discussed. Furthermore, the dependence of the ratio of the mean number of produced pions to the mean number of wounded nucleons on the collision energy was derived. The results are compared to predictions of several models.

Abstract Measurements of multiplicity fluctuations of identified hadrons produced in inelastic p+p interactions at 31, 40, 80, and 158 $$\text {Ge}\text {V}/c$$ Ge / c beam momentum are presented. Three different measures of multiplicity fluctuations are used: the scaled variance $$\omega $$ ω and strongly intensive measures $$\Sigma $$ Σ and $$\Delta $$ Δ . These fluctuation measures involve second and first moments of joint multiplicity distributions. Data analysis is preformed using the Identity method which corrects for incomplete particle identification. Strongly intensive quantities are calculated in order to allow for a direct comparison to corresponding results on nucleus–nucleus collisions. The results for different hadron types are shown as a function of collision energy. A comparison with predictions of string-resonance Monte-Carlo models: Epos, Smash and Venus, is also presented.

Abstract The NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) studies the onset of deconfinement in hadron matter by a scan of particle production in collisions of nuclei with various sizes at a set of energies covering the SPS energy range. This paper presents results on inclusive double-differential spectra, transverse momentum and rapidity distributions and mean multiplicities of $$\pi ^\pm $$ π ± , $$K^\pm $$ K ± , p and $$\bar{p}$$ p ¯ produced in the 20% most central $$^7$$ 7 Be+ $$^9$$ 9 Be collisions at beam momenta of 19A, 30A, 40A, 75A and 150A $${\mathrm{Ge} \mathrm{V}}\!/\!c$$ Ge V / c . The energy dependence of the $$K^\pm $$ K ± / $$\pi ^\pm $$ π ± ratios as well as of inverse slope parameters of the $$K^\pm $$ K ± transverse mass distributions are close to those found in inelastic p+p reactions. The new results are compared to the world data on p+p and Pb+Pb collisions as well as to predictions of the Epos, Urqmd, Ampt, Phsd and Smash models.

Abstract A measurement of charged hadron pair correlations in two-dimensional $$\Delta \eta \Delta \phi $$ Δ η Δ ϕ space is presented. The analysis is based on total 30 million central Be + Be collisions observed in the NA61/SHINE detector at the CERN SPS for incident beam momenta of 19A, 30A, 40A, 75A, and 150A $$\text {Ge} \text {V}/c$$ Ge / c . Measurements were carried out for unlike-sign and like-sign charge hadron pairs independently. The $$C(\Delta \eta ,\Delta \phi )$$ C ( Δ η , Δ ϕ ) correlation functions were compared with results from a similar analysis on p + p interactions at similar beam momenta per nucleon. General trends of the back-to-back correlations are similar in central Be + Be collisions and p + p interactions, but are suppressed in magnitude due to the increased combinatorial background. Predictions from the Epos and UrQMD models are compared to the measurements. Evolution of an enhancement around $$(\Delta \eta ,\Delta \phi ) = (0,0)$$ ( Δ η , Δ ϕ ) = ( 0 , 0 ) with incident energy is observed in central Be + Be collisions. It is not predicted by both models and almost non-existing in proton–proton collisions at the same momentum per nucleon.

Abstract The NA61/SHINE collaboration studies at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) the onset of deconfinement in hadronic matter by the measurement of particle production in collisions of nuclei with various sizes at a set of energies covering the SPS energy range. This paper presents results on inclusive double-differential spectra and mean multiplicities of $$\pi ^{-}$$ π - mesons produced in the 5% most central $$^7$$ 7 Be + $$^9$$ 9 Be collisions at beam momenta of 19A, 30A, 40A, 75A and 150 $$A\,\text{ GeV }\!/\!c$$ A GeV / c obtained by the so-called $$h^-$$ h - method which does not require any particle identification. The shape of the transverse mass spectra differs from the shapes measured in central Pb + Pb collisions and inelastic p+p interactions. The normalized width of the rapidity distribution decreases with increasing collision energy and is in between the results for inelastic nucleon–nucleon and central Pb + Pb collisions. The mean multiplicity of pions per wounded nucleon in central $$^7$$ 7 Be + $$^9$$ 9 Be collisions is close to that in central Pb + Pb collisions up to 75 $$A\,\text{ GeV }\!/\!c$$ A GeV / c . However, at the top SPS energy the result lies between those for nucleon–nucleon and Pb + Pb interactions. The results are discussed in the context of predictions for the onset of deconfinement at the CERN SPS collision energies.

Abstract The production of $$\Xi (1321)^{-}$$ Ξ ( 1321 ) - and $$\overline{\Xi }(1321)^{+}$$ Ξ ¯ ( 1321 ) + hyperons in inelastic p+p interactions is studied in a fixed target experiment at a beam momentum of 158 $$\hbox {Ge}\hbox {V}\!/\!c$$ Ge / c . Double differential distributions in rapidity $${y}$$ y and transverse momentum $$p_{T}$$ p T are obtained from a sample of 33M inelastic events. They allow to extrapolate the spectra to full phase space and to determine the mean multiplicity of both $${\Xi }{^-} $$ Ξ - and $$\overline{\Xi }{^+} $$ Ξ ¯ + . The rapidity and transverse momentum spectra are compared to transport model predictions. The $${\Xi }{^-} $$ Ξ - mean multiplicity in inelastic p+p interactions at 158 $$\hbox {Ge}\hbox {V}\!/\!c$$ Ge / c is used to quantify the strangeness enhancement in A+A collisions at the same centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair.

Abstract The measurement of $$K^{*}(892)^0$$ K∗(892)0 resonance production via its $$K^{+}\pi ^{-}$$ K+π- decay mode in inelastic p+p collisions at beam momentum 158 $$\text{ Ge }\text{ V }\!/\!c$$ GeV/c ($$\sqrt{s_{NN}}=17.3$$ sNN=17.3 $$\text{ Ge }\text{ V }$$ GeV ) is presented. The data were recorded by the NA61/SHINE hadron spectrometer at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. The template method was used to extract the $$K^{*}(892)^0$$ K∗(892)0 signal and double-differential transverse momentum and rapidity spectra were obtained. The full phase-space mean multiplicity of $$K^{*}(892)^0$$ K∗(892)0 mesons was found to be $$(78.44 \pm 0.38 \mathrm {(stat)} \pm 6.0 \mathrm {(sys)) \cdot 10^{-3}}$$ (78.44±0.38(stat)±6.0(sys))·10-3 . The NA61/SHINEresults are compared with the Epos1.99 and Hadron Resonance Gas models as well as with world data from p+p and nucleus–nucleus collisions.

Abstract Results on $$\phi $$ ϕ meson production in inelastic $$p + p$$ p+p collisions at CERN SPS energies are presented. They are derived from data collected by the NA61/SHINE fixed target experiment, by means of invariant mass spectra fits in the $$\phi \rightarrow K^+ K^- $$ ϕ→K+K- decay channel. They include the first ever measured double differential spectra of $$\phi $$ ϕ mesons as a function of rapidity $$y$$ y and transverse momentum $$p_{\text {T}}$$ pT for proton beam momenta of $$80 \, \hbox {GeV}/c$$ 80GeV/c and $$158 \, \hbox {GeV}/c$$ 158GeV/c , as well as single differential spectra of $$y$$ y or $$p_{\text {T}}$$ pT for beam momentum of $$40 \, \hbox {GeV}/c$$ 40GeV/c . The corresponding total $$\phi $$ ϕ yields per inelastic $$p + p$$ p+p event are obtained. These results are compared with existing data on $$\phi $$ ϕ meson production in $$p + p$$ p+p collisions. The comparison shows consistency but superior accuracy of the present measurements. The emission of $$\phi $$ ϕ mesons in $$p + p$$ p+p reactions is confronted with that occurring in $$\mathrm{Pb} + \mathrm{Pb}$$ Pb+Pb collisions, and the experimental results are compared with model predictions. It appears that none of the considered models can properly describe all the experimental observations.

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Abstract Measurements of the $$\pi ^\pm $$ π± , $$K^\pm $$ K± , and proton double differential yields emitted from the surface of the 90-$$\hbox {cm}$$ cm -long carbon target (T2K replica) were performed for the incoming $$31\,$$ 31 $$\hbox {GeV}\!/\!c$$ GeV/c protons with the NA61/SHINE spectrometer at the CERN SPS using data collected during 2010 run. The double differential $$\pi ^\pm $$ π± yields were measured with increased precision compared to the previously published NA61/SHINE results, while the $$K^\pm $$ K± and proton yields were obtained for the first time. A strategy for dealing with the dependence of the results on the incoming proton beam profile is proposed. The purpose of these measurements is to reduce significantly the (anti)neutrino flux uncertainty in the T2K long-baseline neutrino experiment by constraining the production of (anti)neutrino ancestors coming from the T2K target.

Abstract Measurements of inclusive spectra and mean multiplicities of $$\pi ^\pm $$ π± , K$$^\pm $$ ± , p and $${\bar{\text {p}}}$$ p¯ produced in inelastic p + p interactions at incident projectile momenta of 20, 31, 40, 80 and 158 $$\text{ GeV }/c$$ GeV/c ($$\sqrt{s} = $$ s= 6.3, 7.7, 8.8, 12.3 and 17.3 $$\text{ GeV }$$ GeV , respectively) were performed at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron using the large acceptance NA61/SHINE hadron spectrometer. Spectra are presented as function of rapidity and transverse momentum and are compared to predictions of current models. The measurements serve as the baseline in the NA61/SHINE study of the properties of the onset of deconfinement and search for the critical point of strongly interacting matter.

Abstract We present measurements of $$\rho ^0$$ ρ 0 , $$\omega $$ ω and K $$^{*0}$$ ∗ 0 spectra in $$\pi ^{-} + $$ π - + C production interactions at 158 $$\text{ GeV }{/}\text{ c }$$ GeV / c and $$\rho ^0$$ ρ 0 spectra at 350 $$\text{ GeV }{/}\text{ c }$$ GeV / c using the NA61/SHINE spectrometer at the CERN SPS. Spectra are presented as a function of the Feynman’s variable $$x_\text {F}$$ x F in the range $$0< x_\text {F} < 1$$ 0 < x F < 1 and $$0< x_\text {F} < 0.5$$ 0 < x F < 0.5 for 158 and 350 $$\text{ GeV }{/}\text{ c }$$ GeV / c respectively. Furthermore, we show comparisons with previous measurements and predictions of several hadronic interaction models. These measurements are essential for a better understanding of hadronic shower development and for improving the modeling of cosmic ray air showers.

It is shown that the measurements of luminous intensity of car headlights luminous intensity for non-point sources have pecularities. A simplified method for correction the luminous intensity at various distances is developed. The applicability of the given method with possible measurement errors is studied. The results were obtained, using a stand of the National Scientific Center “Institute of Metroligy”.

Purpose: to evaluate the degree of structural lesions of the microvasculature, depending on the stage and type of active ROP with optical coherence tomography (OCT) in angio-mode (OCTA). Material and methods. 63 premature infants (63 eyes) with active ROP were tested by OCT of the retina, of which 30 were tested by OCTA. Additionally, 10 premature infants (10 eyes) without signs of ROP were tested by OCTA. We assessed the area and perimeter of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ), the thickness of the retina in the fovea, the density of the superficialand deep plexuses in the fovea and parafovea, the presence or absence of intraretinal, epiretinal and retinovitreal neovascular complexes. Results. We revealed gross structural and microvascular retinal pathology in children with ROP, which was more pronounced in children with an unfavorable course of the disease. Of these, the most affected were children with a shorter gestational period, i. e , more immature. In children with a favorable type of ROP course, a severe general condition has a serious impact on the child’s microvasculature state. The analysis of the correlation dependences of OCTA on the gestational age, stage and type of active ROP, showed a strong direct correlation between the retinal thickness in the fovea, the density of superficial plexus vessels in the fovea, the area and perimeter of the FAZ, on the one hand, and the course of the disease, which is crucial for the correct choice of management and treatment tactics. Conclusion. The OCTA data allow an objective assessment of the severity of the changes in the retinal vasculature, including its microcirculatory component. The data effectively supplement the clinical picture and help identifying the progressive course o f active ROP at the earliest stages of the pathological process, thereby contributing to timely treatment and good clinical and functional results.

BACKGROUND: Recently, there has been an increase in the number of cardiovascular diseases and mortality rates among the population. This may be due to a violation of metabolic processes in the body, in particular lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, caused by an unbalanced high-calorie diet.PURPOSE: To study and compare the main indicators of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in a fructose-fortified diet and a diet with a high fat content under experimental conditions.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out on outbred white rats, males, which were divided into 3 groups — a control group and two experimental ones, 15 individuals in each. The rats of the first experimental group were kept on a high-fat diet, the second experimental group was assigned a fructose-enriched diet for 35 days. The control group was on a balanced diet. We studied the changes in the parameters of carbohydrate (glucose, insulin, insulin resistance indices) and lipid (cholesterol-, high- and low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides) metabolism on the 21st, 35th and 60th days of the experiment. The results were statistically processed using the Mann-Whitney test. The study design is retrospective.RESULTS: During the experiment, an increase in the content of glucose, insulin, and lipid metabolism parameters was observed in the experimental groups. Moreover, the content of glucose and insulin in a fructose-fortified diet increased by 18.7% (p = 0,009), 22.2% (p = 0,076), 21.5% (p = 0,009) and 50% (p = 0,009), 62.5% (p = 0,009), 106.3% (p = 0,009) over the days of the experiment, respectively. The increase in lipid metabolism was more pronounced in the experimental group, which had an increased fat content in the diet, already in the first time period of the experiment: cholesterol — by 80,8% (p = 0,009), low-density lipoproteins — by 100% (p = 0,009), triglycerides — by 120% (p = 0,009), high-density lipoproteins — by 60.9% (p = 0,009).CONCLUSION: The experimental data obtained show changes in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism due to increased consumption of fats and fructose.

Background. Increased consumption of animal fat with food contributes to the accumulation of lipids both in the blood and in individual cell structures. Excess fat initiates oxidative stress reactions, which may result in a violation of the structural and functional integrity of cells, in particular, hepatocytes and endotheliocytes. Cytolysis may release specific liver enzymes and activate synthesis of extracellular matrix components, one of the markers of which is a non-collagen glycoprotein laminin.The drug sulodexide, having a pronounced angioprotective, hypolipidemic, and fibrinolytic effects, contributes to restoration of a number of metabolic disorders.Aim. To study the content of lipid metabolism parameters, major enzymes of hepatic cytolysis, and laminin in the blood of rats fed with a high-fat diet against the background of sulodexide administration.Materials and methods. For the study, outbred rats were selected, which were divided into three groups – two experimental groups and one control group. The rats of the first and second experimental groups were fed with a diet with a high content of animal fat (44% of the daily calorie content) for 35 days. In addition, the rats of the second experimental group were daily subcutaneously injected with sulodexide at a dose of 8.5 LRU / kg in terms of the animal’s body weight for 35 days. Starting from day 36 of the experiment, the rats of the control group, as well as the rats of the two experimental groups were fed with a standard diet of the vivarium. The animals were decapitated and blood was taken on day 21, 35, and 60 of the experiment. In the blood serum, the levels of the main lipid metabolism parameters, specific liver enzymes, and laminin were determined.Results. An increase in the body weight of animals and the level of the studied lipid metabolism parameters in the blood serum was revealed. It is likely that the structural integrity of hepatocytes was affected with the release of liver enzymes into the bloodstream and an increase in their content in the blood of rats. In addition, synthesis of extracellular matrix components was activated with an increase in the serum level of laminin, which performs important structural and regulatory functions.Conclusion. The use of sulodexide had a favorable effect on the studied metabolic disorders caused by a high-fat diet. It resulted in the normalization of the synthesis of laminin, one of the major non-collagen proteins of the extracellular matrix.

For the treatment of progressive keratoconus in the early stages, corneal collagen crosslinking is currently actively used. This technique is based on the stabilization of the pathological process by increasing the biomechanical properties of the own cornea. The thickness of the cornea less than 400 microns significantly limits the possibility of a standard cross-linking procedure performing.The article analyzes the literature data on the use of various methods of corneal crosslinking with a corneal thickness of less than 400 microns, which signifi cantly limits the possibilities of the standard procedure.It is known, that during crosslinking, at the initial stage, de-epithelialization of the cornea is performed, which, in the postoperative period, leads to a pronounced corneal syndrome. This determined the direction of the fi rst modifi cations of the technique associated with the use of partial de-epithelialization or its complete absence. Later, during cross-linking of “thin” corneas, techniques with the use of additional covering materials were actively used in order to replenish the missing corneal tissue of the patient during the UV irradiation procedure. Among them are the use of a soft contact lens without an ultraviolet fi lter, the use of a corneal lenticule obtained after SMILE surgery, the use of a protective fl ap of the donor cornea obtained using a femtosecond laser from the residual stroma of the corneal disc after descemet membrane transplantation or posterior lamellar keratoplasty. The variety of the proposed modifications and the ongoing search for better options indicate the demand for this technology and the need for further research, taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient’s ectasia.

Background. The anatomical and functional results of surgery for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) are determined not only by the stage of the pathological process, but also depend on the timing of its implementation.The aim: to estimate the effectiveness of vitrectomy for severe active retinopathy of prematurity, depending on the timing of surgical treatment.Methods. Vitreoretinal surgery was performed in 138 children (198 eyes) with severe stages of ROP. All patients were divided into three groups depending on the timing of surgical treatment: group 1 – 42–48 weeks of postconceptual age (PCA), with the progression of ROP after laser coagulation of the retina (LCS), group 2 – 39–41 weeks of PCA, with the progression of ROP after LCS, group 3 – 36–39 weeks of PCA, without previous LCS. A 3-port transscleral 27-G vitrectomy was performed by all patients. At the postoperative period, the results of vitrectomy were estimated by the anatomical attachment of the retina. The follow-up period was 12 months. Results. In group 1, in 31 cases (73.8 %), the surgical intervention was completed with silicone tamponade. By the end of the follow-up period, anatomical retinal attachment was achieved in 17 eyes (40.5 %).In group 2, surgical intervention was completed with silicone tamponade in 29 eyes (42 %). By the end of the follow-up period, anatomical retinal attachment was achieved in 52 eyes (75 %).In group 3, surgical intervention was completed with silicone tamponade in 11 of 87 eyes (12.6 %). Anatomical retinal attachment was achieved in 80 eyes (92 %).Conclusion. Untimely vitrectomy (42–48 weeks of PCA) in cases of ROP progression after LCR led to a worse result. If progress of ROP after laser treatment happens, early vitrectomy (39–41 weeks of PCA) should be performed. Primary vitrectomy should be performed in case of the optimal timing of laser treatment has been missed (after 36 weeks of PCV).

Introduction. The associative role of the bacterial factor in the development of both primary malignant tumors of the oral mucosa and relapses is being actively discussed today. In the article published earlier, we have already described the possible mechanisms of action of periodontopathogenic microflora and its connection with the development of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa through cell proliferation, intracellular accumulation of pathogen, DNA replication and affect the signaling pathways of MARK (mitogen-activated protein kinase).Objective – to analyze the impact of periodontal pathogens on the risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma and its recurrence, as well as to evaluate the role of polymerase chain reaction and bacterial culture in the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma.Materials and methods. This study included 35 patients with stage Т3–4 squamous cell carcinoma, whose tumor tissue samples were tested for periodontal pathogens using culture and PCR. We analyzed 5 paraffin-embedded and 30 frozen tissue blocks from newly diagnosed (n = 15) and re-treatment (n = 15) patients.Results. We found that PCR was more sensitive than culture for the detection of possible etiological agents and predictors of squamous cell carcinoma (including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola) (р

The purpose of the study: to compare the activity of vancomycin, teicoplanin and linezolid and to determine their place in the current treatment of nosocomial infections caused by gram-positive microflora.Material and Methods. 640 gram-positive microorganisms (S. aureus, E. faecium, E. faecalis) isolated in 2018 from various pathological materials from cancer patients treated at N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology were studied. Literature data from 1982 to 2019, concerning efficacy of glycopeptides (vancomycin, teicoplanin) and linezolid against these pathogens were analyzed.Results. Data analysis showed that percentage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was 89 % and percentage of vancomycinresistant enterococci (VRE) was 5.1 % among Enterococcus faecalis and 16.4 % among Enterococcus faecium. The susceptibility of the studied gram-positive microorganisms to teicoplanin, vancomycin and linezolid ranged from 83.3 to 98.8 % (p>0.5). In general, teicoplanin, vancomycin, and linezolid had equally high microbiological activity against nosocomial strains of S. aureus and Enterococcus spp. Also, according to the literature data, a comparative assessment of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of glycopeptides and linezolid was assessed.Conclusion. Vancomycin and teicoplanin are still the main drugs for the treatment of various infections caused by resistant gram-positive microflora. However, teicoplanin, with an efficacy equal to that of vancomycin, has a number of significant advantages over the latter: better tolerability, lower frequency of adverse reactions, and pharmacokinetic features that make it possible to use it once a day both intravenously and intramuscularly. Both drugs, along with linezolid, can be used to treat infections caused by gram-positive microorganisms in cancer patients.

Objective To evaluate safety and postoperative visual outcomes of low-energy femtosecond laser-assisted (FLA) anterior capsulotomy in paediatric cataract surgery.Methods and analysis We report a retrospective single-centre consecutive case series of 51 eyes of 33 paediatric cataract patients with a mean age of 3.22 years (range: 2 months to 13 years) who underwent cataract surgery with FLA anterior capsulotomy, using FEMTO LDV Z8 femtosecond laser (Ziemer Ophthalmic Systems). Anterior laser capsulotomy, phacoaspiration and intraocular lens implantation were performed in all eyes. Both intraoperative and long-term postoperative complications, along with long-term monocular corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), were assessed during average follow-up period of 32.96 months (range: 13–69 months).Results In 48 out of 51 eyes, a well-sized and well-located anterior capsulotomy was achieved without intraoperative complications. Anterior capsule tears occurred in three eyes; however, they did not extend posteriorly and the intraocular lens were placed in the bags without any further complications. Posterior capsular opacification developed in 45.10% of eyes (23 out of 51) and was subsequently treated with neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser capsulotomy. Mean CDVA at final follow-up was 20/40 (range: 20/63 to 20/32) in unilateral cases younger than 12 months, 20/40 (range: 20/1000 to 20/25) in unilateral cases older than 12 months, 20/66 (range: 20/400 to 20/32) in bilateral cases younger than 12 months and 20/40 (range: 20/200 to 20/20) in bilateral cases older than 12 months.Conclusions Paediatric cataract surgery with low-energy FLA anterior capsulotomy is a procedure with long-term safety, resulting in significant improvement in CDVA.

Establishing the true causes of defects is one of the main prerequisites for improving the quality of metal products. One of the undesirable phenomena in the production of continuously cast billets, hot‑rolled products is the oxidation of hot metal in the environment with the formation of scale on its surface. Defects, which are violations of the continuity of the metal and deviations from the normal specified macro‑and microstructure, signifi antly reduce the technological plasticity of the metal in the conditions of its processing and operational stability.After hot rolling of a circle of 95 mm steel grade 30MpV4, surface defects were found in the finishing line. To study and establish the nature of surface defects from hot‑rolled blanks, as well as continuously cast blanks, samples were taken.Analyzing metallographic studies of defects and the production technology of the studied steel grade 30MnB4, it was found that the defects were formed as a result of mechanical damage to the continuously cast billet in the area of the pulling‑correct unit. The reason for the formation of the defect is the ingress of scale on the guide rollers.

OJSC “BSW – Management Company of the Holding “BMC” produces a wide range of carbon, high‑quality, alloyed and high‑carbon steel grades, among which a signifi ant share is peritectic grade steels. Basically, the steel of this group is used to produce rolled products intended for the manufacture of components for the automotive industry. The process of production and casting of these steels is characterized by the greatest instability and is often accompanied by rejects and forced sorting of products. This situation is typical for other metallurgical enterprises. Therefore, the search for technological solutions that ensure an increase in the yield while maintaining the existing productivity of metallurgical units is an urgent aspect of improving the technology of continuous casting of peritectic grade steels. At the same time, the main scientific and technical task is to obtain a stable quality of continuously cast billets, aimed at preventing and eliminating the formation of a number of characteristic defects, primarily cracks on the surface of continuously cast billets and rolled products. The search for methods and technological solutions to improve the quality of products made of peritectic grade steel is the goal of the ongoing research.

Introduction. Penile cancer (pc) is a rare cancer. The standardized incidence rate of pc in russia is 0.82 cases per 100,000 males. On average, 58 % of patients (20–96 %) with pc have a local infection process: tumor decay, the presence of erosion, tumor ulceration, inflammatory changes in regional lymph nodes, etc. During hospitalization nosocomial pathogens may be possible causes of infection in ulcerative lesions.The aim of the study was to present the results of the treatment of tumor ulcer in a patient with penile cancer infected with multiresistant acinetobacter baumannii and klebsiella pneumoniae.Material and methods. We present a clinical observation of 54-year-old patient diagnosed with penile cancer pt4n3m0, with ulceration of the tumor, localized at the root of the penis and ulceration of metastatic lymph nodes in the left inguinal region and subsequent infection with highly resistant nosocomial microorganisms.Results. The patient received 6 courses of paclitaxel, ifosfamide and cisplatin with clinical effect, such as significant reduction of the tumor and therapeutic pathomorphosis of 3-rd degree. Then ileo-inguinal lymphadenectomy was performed on the left. A few months later the tumor continued to grow in the left groin area. During the 2nd line of chemotherapy (cisplatin, docetaxel and capecitabine), the patient had grade iii–iv neutropenia, febrile neutropenia. High fever and localized infection in the area of tumor ulceration with multiresistant hospital microorganisms was detected. Combined antibiotic therapy had temporary effect. After isolation of multiresistant carbapenemresistant k. Pneumoniae from the ulcer, the patient was prescribed ceftazidim/avibactam 2.5 g 3 times a day. Clinical effect, such as defervescence and significant reduction of the ulceration zone was seen subsequently.Conclusion. Etiotropic antibacterial therapy of the infected tumor ulcer resulted in a significant reduction in the manifestation of the infection process, allowing antitumor therapy to be continued, as well as surgery to be performed.

The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical, laboratory and molecular genetic data of 26 patients (15 boys, 11 girls) diagnosed with mevalonate kinase deficiency syndrome (MKD).Subjects and methods. The age of MKD manifestation ranged from 0 to 30.0 months (M – 1.5 months). Clinical manifestations and their severity were extremely diverse: from symptoms resembling Marshall’s syndrome to severe systemic manifestations with respiratory failure, hepatosplenomegaly and pancytopenia.Results/Conclusion. All patients had homozygous/compound-heterozygous mutations in the MVK gene, including 10 newly described variants. In all 20 patients, who have been treated with IL-1 inhibitors long enough to assess the effect of the treatment, drastic improvement of the condition was noted, but only in 17/20 patients achieved full remission.

Introduction. Currently, there is no global consensus regarding the management of breast cancer patients with implant-associated infections. Some studies clearly recommend their removal and surgical debridement with consecutive antimicrobial treatment, while others prefer long-term antibacterial therapy (at least 1 month) with the effectiveness of such conservative approach of 36–73 %.Case description. A 43-year-old patient suffering from brca1-positive right breast cancer t2n0m0 (invasive carcinoma of non-specific type g3, er – 8, pgr – 0, her-2/neu – 0, ki67 (%) – less than 20 %), underwent radical skin-preserving mastectomy on the right with simultaneous implant reconstruction and preventive subcutaneous mastectomy on the left with simultaneous implant reconstruction. Peri-implant infection in the left breast was observed on the 21st day after surgery.Results. The patient received empirical therapy with cefepim. Microbiological examination of the punctate revealed the causative agent of infection – methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) (1×105cfu/ml). Daptomycin 6 mg/kg/day was added to therapy. After 8 weeks, the patient received oral moxifloxacin 400 once daily, for another 3 weeks. A complete response was achieved. The patient has no signs of infection for 3 years.Conclusion. Long-term etiotropic antibacterial therapy with daptomycin followed by oral moxifloxacin resulted in a stable clinical effect.

Data from sources of domestic and foreign literature for 2016–2019 is presented in the review of literature. This data concerned of applying the method of optical coherent tomography-angiography in pediatric ophthalmic practice. OCT-A is a non-invasive research method, without the use of fluorescent dyes. The procedure is performed relatively quickly, with the possibility of additional repetition. The method allows to conduct visualization of the vascular network of the retina layer-by-layer, perform its quantitative analysis: to evaluate the density of the microvascular bed and measure the area of non-perfusion zones. Having appeared as a result of a qualitative modernization of OCT, a new method of visualization of vessels OCT-A is actively used in the diagnosis of pathologies such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, post-thrombotic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, central serous chorioretinopathy, etc. In present time OCT-A being performed in adult medicine, it is actively used in various areas of pediatric ophthalmology. Presently, pediatric patients with diabetes mellitus, sickle cell anemia, amblyopia, retinal artery occlusion, and coats disease have been performed with OCT-A studies. Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is required a special attention among children’s eye diseases. However, mentioning about OCT angiographic studies in patients with ROP are quite rare in the literature. Nevertheless, the available data indicate the enormous diagnostic potential of OCT-A in this severe vasoproliferative disease. The method give possibility for fully control the pathological process, to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment and timely prevent the development of severe stages of ROP. Due to the information and diagnostic potential, it is necessary to continue research on the possibilities of the OCT-A method in the diagnosis, analysis of treatment results and prediction of ROP.

The study objective is to evaluate the effect of periodontal microorganisms on development of squamous-cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa and the risk of its recurrence.Materials and methods. Microbiological study of biomaterials from 150 patients was performed. The study group included 100 patients with T3–T4 squamous-cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa and was subdivided into two subgroups with 50 patients in each. The control group included 50 patients.Results. Analysis of the results obtained in the subgroup of primary patients showed the following trends: in 2 (50 %) of 4 patients with Fusobacterium spp., recurrence of the main disease was observed as well as a case of distant metastasis into the bones. Among 35 patients with Prevotella spp. in the biomaterials, in 16 (45.7 %) recurrence of the tumor was observed. Among 10 patients with Veillonella spp., recurrence was observed in 20 %. The most common aerobic microorganism was Streptococcus spр. Among patients who underwent treatment at the N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, recurrence was diagnosed in 28.5 %, distant metastases in 4.7 %. In the subgroup of repeat patients, the following trends were observed: among 27 patients with Fusobacterium spp., recurrence of the main disease was observed in 63 %. Among 26 patients with Prevotella spp. in the biomaterial, in 11 (42.3 %) local recurrence was observed. Among 24 patients with Veillonella spp., recurrence developed in 33.3 %. The most common aerobic microorganism was Streptococcus spр., recurrences developed in 21 % of cases.

Purpose: to study the features of the anatomical and topographic relationships of the eye’s anterior segment structures in children with stage 5 ROP in the cicatricial period with the method of ultrasound biomicroscopy and optical coherent tomography of the anterior segment and to evaluate the possibility of using the data to optimize the surgical treatment of ROP.Patients and methods. For the period 2015–2018 in the Kaluga branch of the Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery, 68 children (118 eyes) with 5 cicatricial ROP stages were examined and treated. Gestational age at birth varied from 24 to 31 weeks, body weight at birth — from 630 to 1600 grams. Age at the time of the survey ranged from 5 to 15 months. All children underwent the complex diagnostic examination, which included biometrics, tonometry, ultrasound ophthalmoscanning in B-mode, as well as UBM and OCT of the anterior segment of the eyeball. The extent of fixation of retrolental opacities to the posterior lens capsule, the presence of cystic cavities and retinal folds at the periphery, traction detachment of the ciliary body were determined. OCT of the eye anterior segment was performed in the presence of iridocorneal contact in order to clarify its length. As a result, a comprehensive detailed assessment made it possible to clarify or reject the characteristics identified by UBM, as well as determine the phasing and develop an individual plan of the operation in each case.Conclusion. The use of complex diagnostic examinations, including UBM and OCT of the eye anterior segment in patients with 5 cicatricial PH stages, allows to optimize the tactics of surgical treatment in the advanced stages of the disease.

The purpose of the study: to identify the significance of anaerobic bacteria and analyze their role in the development of infectious complications in cancer patients. Material and Methods. The review includes data from clinical and in vitro studies published in Russian and international press for the period from 1989 to 2018. Results. Data analysis has shown that many aspects related to anaerobic non-sporeforming bacteria are insufficiently studied, although they can cause severe hospital infections. This is especially true for patients with immune system defects, including cancer patients. In this category of patients, anaerobic bacteria can cause infections of the maxillofacial region, intra-abdominal infections, lower respiratory tract infections, urinary infections, and blood flow infections. In cancer patients, infectious complications are more severe, and may adversely affect treatment outcomes. A long process of anaerobic cultivation dictates the need for empirical treatment of infection for an average of 6 to 7 days. Since the middle of the last century, metronidazole was the «gold standard» of therapy. However, today the situation has changed dramatically. More than 80 % of anaerobic strains are resistant to metronidazole. The problem of resistance of anaerobic bacteria to other antibacterial drugs has not been sufficiently studied. Conclusion. It is necessary to develop therapeutic approaches based on current data on the resistance mechanisms of non-sporeforming anaerobic bacteria.

Phenazepam is a benzodiazepine tranquilizer that is widely used in Russia. The drug is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) isozymes. Since their substrates have an affinity for P-glycoprotein, the polymorphic variants in the ABCB1 gene may affect the safety of this drug.Objective: to analyze associations between the CYP3A5, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and ABCB1 gene polymorphisms and the safety of phenazepam treatment for alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS).Patients and methods. The investigation enrolled 102 patients diagnosed with uncomplicated AWS (IDC-10 code F10.30). All the patients were followed up for 6 days within which they took phenazepam. 5-ml venous blood samples were collected from each patient for genotyping. The carriage of CYP3A4*22, CYP3A5*3, CYP2C19*2, CYP2C19*17, CYP2C9*2, ABCB1 3435C>T, 1236C>T, and 2677G>T/A polymorphic variants was determined by a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. Therapy safety was evaluated using the UKU Side-Effect Rating Scale on day 6. Statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS Statistics 21.0. Haplotype and combinatorial analyses were performed using SNPStats.Results and discussion. The greater subjective severity of adverse reactions (ARs) was shown for the homozygotes of ABCB1 1236C>T CC (odds ratio (OR), 2.154; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.271–3.650; p=0.014) and ABCB1 2677G>T GG (OR, 2.154; 95% CI, 1.271–3.650; p=0.014). On the contrary, a combinatorial analysis revealed the role of ABCB1 3435C>T, 1236C>T, and 2677G>T polymorphic alleles as predictors for the greater subjective severity of ARs. The following statistically significant polymorphic variant combinations were ABCB1 3435-1236–2677 and T-T-T-CYP3A5*3 isozymes (OR=5.03; 95% CI, 1.65–15.34; p=0.0056); T-T-T-CYP2C9*1 (OR=3.61; 95% CI, 1.31–9.92; p=0.015); T-T-T-CYP2C19*1 (OR=2.52; 95% CI, 1.05–6.08; p=0.042). Attention disorders were also established to be associated with the carriage of T-T-T-CYP2D6*1 (OR=2.58; 95 CI, 1.08–6.13; p=0.035).Conclusion. The carriage of ABCB1 3435-2677-1236 (T-T-T) haplotype is significantly associated with the greater severity of ARs in phenazepam-treated patients with AWS.

According to TU 14-1-4486-88 and TU 14-1-5490-2004, in accordance with international standards DIN EN 10263-4, OJSC «BSW – Management Company of the Holding «BMC» produces hot-rolled products of the following grades of steel: 20Г2Р, 30Г1Р, 20MnB4, 30MnB4 and 32CrB4 microalloyed with boron. They are used for the manufacture of fasteners instead of previously used steels 35X, 38X and 40X. The use of boron-containing steels reduces the surface defects of hardware; to increase the stability of the mechanical properties of bolts, screws, studs, strength class 8.8 and 10.9 by GOST 1759.4-87; to achieve a high level of toughness at negative temperatures. It is shown that steel 20Г2Р provides stable mechanical properties of products up to M27 (in contrast to steel grades 35X, which are designed exclusively for bolts of class M16 8.8). The boron-containing steels in the delivery state with the structure of granular perlite have high technological plasticity – in the cold, the bolt head is formed and the thread is rolled without tearing in the thread hollows, as is the case with chromium steels of type 40X. It was found that their ductility increases due to the low content of carbon and chromium, as well as the formation of dispersed carbonitride-boride phases of a globular form.

Purpose — to perform a comparative analysis of the clinical efficacy of intrastromal keratoplasty (ISKP) in patients with keratoconus during surgery with and without Verion digital marking device.Patients and methods. 37 patients (50 eyes) with corneal astigmatism up to -5.0 diopters were included in the study. These patients were operated with the femtolaser method of ISKP with implantation of corneal segments. The average age of the patients was 27.96 ± 3.40 years. The observation period is from 3 to 12 months. All patients were divided into two groups depending on the surgical technique: Verion-assisted, using a digital marking device and taking into account the angle of cyclotorsia, or standard, without taking into account the angle of cyclotorsia. The first main group included 28 eyes (56 %), the second control group included 22 eyes (44 %) accordingly.Results. The functional results after ISKP in both groups were quite good. Stabilization of functional parameters and keratometric data was noted in the postoperative period, by 3 months. Patients of the main group showed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) increase in average uncorrected visual acuity to 0.50 ± 0.16, and visual acuity with maximum correction to 0.70 ± 0.12 (p < 0.05). The average keratometry of the weak meridian decreased to 44.3 ± 1.4 diopters, the average keratometry of the strong meridian decreased to 50.8 ± 3.2 diopters. Patients in the control group showed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) increase in average uncorrected visual acuity to 0.45 ± 0.12, and visual acuity with maximum correction to 0.60 ± 0.17. The average values of keratometry of the weak meridian decreased to 45.3 ± 1.8 diopters, the average values of keratometry of the strong meridian decreased to 51.8 ± 2.2 diopters. The results of the vector analysis reliably indicate a significantly higher accuracy of the Verion-assisted ISKP. Which is confirmed by the achieved indicators of the “success” index, the calculated astigmatism vector close to the actual postoperative astigmatism vector, the smaller the magnitude of the astigmatism axis difference vector compared to the control.Conclusion. The use of the Verion-assisted intrastromal technique for keratoconus reduces the risk of erroneous positioning of the corneal segments in the tunnel during transferring diagnostic data to the operating room. Taking into account the angle of cyclotorsia during cutting into the intrastromal tunnel increases the effective correction of the cylindrical component of refraction, which is confirmed by the main coefficients of the vector analysis by N. Alpins.

We studied capabilities of the Bruker Microflex MALDI-TOF device for species identification of anaerobic gramnegative cocci isolated from clinical specimens of cancer patients. Seventy clinical isolates of Veillonella spp. and one Acidaminococcus spp were analyzed. All isolates were identified to the species level with a scores greater than 1.9. The most common species were V. parvula (37 strains), followed by V. dispar (16), V. atypical (16) and V. denticariosi (1). Susceptibilities of the isolates were determined by the E-test methodology. All Veillonella isolates were susceptible to imipenem, whereas high resistance rates were observed for penicillin G, amoxicillin/clavulanate and metronidazole. The proportion of resistant isolates of V. parvula, V. dispar and V. atypica to penicillin was 86 %, 85 % and 100 %, respectively. The resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanate was observed in 28.6 % of V. parvula isolates, 23.1 % of V. dispar isolates and in 6.7 % of V. atypica isolates. Resistance to metronidazole (MIC ≥ 8 µg/ml) of V. parvula, V. dispar and V. atypica was 88.6 %, 53.8 % and 40 %, respectively.

The purpose of the study was to analyze infectious complications caused by multi-drug-resistant organisms depending on anticancer therapy.Material and Methods. A total of 229 cancer patients with infectious complications of cancer therapy were included into the study.Results. Lung cancer was the most predominant cancer (26.6 %) followed by gastric cancer (25.3 %) and esophageal cancer (14.4 %). Infectious complications occurring after surgery were observed in 83.4 % of the patients. Infectious complications caused by Acinetobacter baumannii were the most common (40.6 %), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (28.5 %), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19.5 %), Staphylococcus spp. (9.4 %), and Enterococcus spp. (1.8 %).Conclusion. Infectious complications occurred more frequently in postoperative cancer patients (p

Background. In case of a corneal burn injury, cell transplantation into the damaged area must be performed within the first 12 hours, which makes it impossible to use autologous stem cells. One solution to this problem may be the use of peptides, derived from cultured stem cells in the treatment and prevention of complications in a burn eye disease. Aims: To study the dynamics of corneal tissue repair under the influence of a peptide solution on a corneal thermal burn model.Materials and methods. The study included 20 rabbits (20 eyes) of the gray Chinchilla breed weighing from 2.5 to 3.2 kg with a corneal thermal burn model. Depending on the method of treatment used, the animals were divided in two groups of 10 rabbits (10 eyes). In the experimental group, instillations of a peptide solution were used to treat corneal thermal burns; in the control treatment was carried out with a solution of moxifloxacin and gel “Solcoseryl”. On the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th, 30th days in each group, two animals were sacrificed to conduct a morphological study of the cornea. Results. In the experimental group, by the 30th day, according to a histological study, the inflammatory process was completed both on the surface and inside the cornea, with a tendency to restore its normal structure. In the control group of animals, significantly longer periods of corneal recovery and preservation of inflammation, despite the received therapy, were observed.Conclusions. The use of the peptide preparation is promising in the treatment of corneal thermal burn. Further research is needed in this area.

The aim of the study is to assess the practical significance of the use of the digital marking device «VERION™ Image Guided System» in the technology of intrastromal keratoplasty using a femtosecond laser.Material and methods. According to the developed method, 35 eyes of 27 patients with a diagnosis of keratoconus of the 2nd degree were operated. The median age was 26 years. Formation of intrastromal tunnels was performed using «Femto LDV Z8» femtosecond laser («Ziemer», Switzerland), the laser was centered in strict accordance with the markings obtained by the digital marking device «VERION™ Image Guided System» («Alcon», USA). During the implantation of the segment, this device was also used for its precise positioning in the tunnel. Setting the projection of the required axis, the surgeon intraoperatively to visualize the label that corresponds to the exact position of the end of the segment in the intrastromal tunnel, and carried out precise positioning of the intrastromal segments. Results. When performing operations using the indicated method, it was revealed that the patient’s eye at the aplanation stage of a femtosecond laser has a tendency to rotate and decentralize. Minor decentralizations relative to the pupil center were corrected by the displacement of the intrastromal tunnel pattern in the laser working program along the x-axis by 0.1 ± 0.05 mm, along the y-axis by 0.1 ± 0.04 mm. In patients in the postoperative period there was an increase in uncorrected and corrected visual acuity. By 3 months after the operation, functional parameters and keratometric data stabilized: visual acuity without correction and with maximum correction increased to 0.5 ± 0.16 and 0.7 ± 0.12, respectively, keratometry of flat and steep axis declined to 44.3 ± 1.4 and 50,8 ± 3,2 diopters, respectively.Conclusions. It was found that the applanation of the femtosecond laser aperture on the surface of the conical cornea leads to the rotation of the eye by an average of 9°. The use of femtosecond laser for forming the intrastromal tunnels in the conduct intrastromal keratoplasty requires mandatory marking of the cornea meridian the corresponding to the axis of the cutout for laser centration. Methodology of Verion-assisted femtosecond laser intrastromal keratoplasty allows to position the segments with high precision in accordance with a preoperative calculation that provides high clinical and functional results.