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This paper develops intelligent energy management in Microgrid using forecasting-based multi-objective optimization using genetic algorithm framework. In this work, the energy storage system is included in Microgrid network, which is essential for effective energy management and smooth power transfer. The developed model incorporates the forecasted values of solar PV and wind generation obtained using time series long short-term memory network for the next 24 h and provides the optimal values of battery and grid powers to meet the deficit of power to meet the demand in the Microgrid. The proposed model incorporates grid power consumption cost and battery degradation cost as the objectives with battery status and renewables utilization as the constraints of the optimization model. The fuzzy decision-making strategy obtains the compromise solution in the Pareto optimal front from multiple solutions. The proposed model is investigated with fixed and variable grid tariff conditions achieving efficient performance in energy management with optimal utilization of renewables, grid and battery in the system for 24 hours-time horizons. The system parameters in the Microgrid network are also investigated in the time horizon with the optimal values of proposed model. The proposed intelligent energy management system model is tested in 2.5 MW PV/wind/energy storage Microgrid system in MATLAB 2020 simulation platform and experimental setup of 1 kW grid connected Microgrid with solar PV and battery.

Internet of things (IoT) is an inventive technology which permit the association of physical things by means of the digital world throughout the use of heterogeneous networks and communication technologies. Ad-hoc routing protocols may be dispersed and involve every node in route discovery process by making routing data more reliable. Mobile-Adhoc-Networks (MANETs) consist of many portable nodes that can commune directly with each other or through intermediate nodes. Repeatedly, nodes in a MANETs operate with batteries and can roam freely, and thus, a node may exhaust its energy or move away without providing any notice to its cooperative nodes. IoT system using a combination of MANET, a route consists of numerous links in sequence, and so, its lifetime is based on the lifetime of every node and also the wireless links among adjacent nodes. In this research work Fuzzified Particle Swarm Optimization oriented Routing (FPSOR) algorithm is planned to minimize data loss and computational overhead, which in turn maximizes the lifetime of MANETs. Particle Swarm Optimization oriented Routing protocol (PSOR) have taken energy competence as significant criterion for processing routing and driving optimized path for the data accelerating and processing to the source node. The PSOR produces a fresh route for routing by considering fitness value of energy to evaluate diverse path and to choose best-optimized path whose energy consumption is less as compared to ant colony optimization routing paths. This algorithm utilizes a good approach focusing energy levels/status of the nodes through fuzzification and the lengths of the routed ways. NS2 simulator is casted for performance evaluation.

Recently, there has been a huge advancement in renewable energy integration in power systems. Power converters with grid-forming or grid-following topologies are typically employed to link these decentralized power sources to the grid. However, because distributed generation has less inertia than synchronous generators, their use of renewable energy sources threatens the electrical grid’s reliability. Suitable control approaches for ensuring frequency and voltage stability in the grid-connected form of operation are established in this study, which offers dynamic, seamless power switching in the islanded mode of operation. In this research, effective Phase Locked Loop (PLL) techniques for grid-forming (GFM) and grid-following (GFL) converters are designed to achieve a smooth transition from grid-tied to islanded mode of operation. In this work, PLL configurations are implemented while considering the active and reactive power, frequency, voltage, and current parameters of the system, and ensuring voltage and frequency stability. The simulation results in a microgrid network that ensures a smooth transition of power transfer while switching between modes of operation, and supports the voltage and frequency stability of the system.

The natural fiber mat is a better replacement for synthetic fiber which is reinforced with polymer composites for advanced engineering application. For the first time, the present experiment was carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties of Typha angustata/Vetiver/Banana fiber/mat reinforced vinyl ester hybrid composites. Eight different types of single and bi-layer hybrid fiber mat composites at 45° and 90° direction were fabricated through compression molding techniques. The Typha angustata double-layer fiber mat composites yield excellent tensile and flexural properties. Tensile tests revealed that the ultimate strength is about 60 MPa, the tensile modulus is 3.56 GPa and elongation break at 1.39%. The flexural strength is estimated to be around 79 MPa, respectively. The Typha angustata/Banana mat composites exhibited better impact strength and hardness due to the hybridization of two natural fibers. The impact strength and hardness of composites are observed to be around 238 kJ/m2 and 82. The surface morphologies of the fractured composites specimen were characterized by scanning electron microscope analysis.

Natural fibers have a wide range of potential applications in green composite manufacturing industrial sectors due to their renewable eco-friendly nature and remarkable properties. In the present work, the physico-chemical, thermal, tensile and morphological properties of Sesbania Aculeata Fibers (SAFs) are presented in first time. Chemical analysis results show that SAFs have relatively higher α-cellulose (70.1 wt.%) with lower hemicelluloses (10.2 wt.%), lignin (12.1 wt.%) and wax (0.6 wt.%) content. Structural analysis of SAFs was performed through fourier transform infrared (FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray microanalyzer (EDX) and NMR spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis evidenced that SAFs have a crystallinity index (CrI) of 65.5% with a crystalline size of 4.6 nm. The mechanical properties of the SAFs were investigated through a single fiber tensile test and fiber pull out test. The thermal stability of the SAFs was examined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Based on the results, it is predicted that the SAFs can be used as a potential reinforcement in the polymer matrix composite structure.

The aim of this present investigation is to improve the properties of natural fiber from red banana peduncle plant by alkali treatment for the first time. The main objective of this paper was to study the physico-chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties which are chemically modified by alkaline treatment of red banana peduncle fiber (ARBPF), which is used as a reinforcement in the polymer matrix and finally to make an end product for various industrial applications. The result indicates that cellulose content was improved in ARBPF when compared to untreated red banana peduncle fiber which is proved through X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies recording high crystalline index in fibers. The thermal property of ARBPF also exhibiting good thermal stability was observed by thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis confirmed that the surface of the fiber is rough.

This research work explored and compared the experimental performance of a solar still having novel octagonal-pyramid shape with a single slope solar still. It is found that the novel still provides twice distillation compared with conventional still. The experiments also evaluated the desalination productivity of octagonal-pyramid solar still by varying the depth of saline water inside the basin and angle of inclination of glass cover. It is observed that the optimum condition for high distillation is obtained when depth of water inside the basin is 5 cm with angle of inclination of glass cover which is 30°. Four types of water, i.e., underground borewell water, sea water, leather industry effluent, and plastic industry effluent were also used to see the effect on distillation. Results showed that underground borewell water provides high distillation due to low density. Furthermore, the performance of the octagonal-pyramid solar still is enhanced by adding different latent heat and sensible heat materials in the octagonal-pyramid solar still. Hence, the addition of brick to the octagonal-pyramid still yields the highest productivity compared to incorporation of paraffin wax. Hence, it can be concluded that the octagonal design of the solar still has shown an increased productivity when compared to a single slope solar still (conventional still) under all the conditions.

The natural fiber reinforced polymeric composites have found to be an excellent substitute for synthetic fiber based polymeric composites and are being widely utilized in several advanced engineering applications. The present experimental work deals with randomly oriented Indian mallow fiber/polyester (IMFP) composites which are fabricated by compression moulding method by varying the fiber wt. % from 10 to 50%. The prepared IMFP specimens were evaluated through various mechanical and thermal properties and the results showed that better properties were obtained in specimens with 50 wt. % fiber content. The optimum tensile strength and modulus was about 46 MPa and 3.56 GPa respectively, while the elongation at break was 1.39%. The optimum flexural and impact strength are estimated to be around 111 MPa and 14 kJ/m2 respectively. The heat deflection test (HDT) displayed that temperature withstands up to 84 °C at 50 wt. % of fiber content. The surface morphologies of the fractured composite specimens were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The overall results confirmed the suitability of the present specimens to be employed in various light weight applications.

Productivity and cost-effectiveness are essential components of any long-term manufacturing system. While quantity and quality are linked to productivity, the economy focuses on energy-efficient processes that produce a high output-to-input ratio. Hard-to-cut materials have always been difficult to machine because of more significant tool wear and power losses. Inconel 625 is a hard material used in aerospace and underwater applications and is milled using biolubricants with nanoparticles. Palm oil is considered a biolubricant, and titanium dioxide (TiO2) and copper oxide (CuO) are selected as nanoparticles. When the combination of biolubricants and nanoparticles is added to the workpiece’s surface, it enhanced some properties while machining. Experiments involving four factors with four levels were carried out using the Taguchi design of experiments (DoE). The feed, depth of cut, speed, and coolant with nanoparticle additives were all factors. The responses were surface roughness, spindle vibration along X, Y, and Z axes, and material removal rate. Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was used to alter the multiresponse optimization problem to a single-response optimization problem. The S/N of TOPSIS closeness coefficients was calculated, and the optimal machining conditions were determined. Surface roughness, material removal rate, and spindle vibration were reduced by 3.10%, 6.14%, 7.54% (Vx), and 6.78% (Vz), respectively, due to the TOPSIS optimization.

The recent progress in Wireless sensor networks is contributed by improvisation in research activities in the domain of embedded system and radio communication. Localization is one of the most important challenge in WSNs, in view of the fact that it plays a significant part in many applications, e.g., explore, catastrophe assistance, rescue operations, tracking the target and multiple tasks in smart milieus. Localization of node involves the activity of monitoring events, group discussion between the nearby sensors, routing the necessary information to the destination by keeping network coverage in check. In this research paper, Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) based trilateration algorithm is proposed for localizing a blind node present in the network with minimal localization error. The position coordinates of the blind node is estimated based on the distance estimates and corresponding position coordinates of the anchor nodes present in the network. This work was performed in Contiki-OS with the help of built-in simulator COOJA. Based on the simulation results conducted with random position coordinates, the obtained localization error is found to be approximately 1.9 meters. The obtained error margin though not stringently accurate, but is acceptable, considering the environment in which the nodes are deployed which experiences varying channel characteristics, multipath fading and shadowing.

The diagnosis of myocardial infarction is done by ECG through the observation of Q waves in one or more leads. The paper describes the relationship between Q waves and the propagation time of the Cardiac Action potential and a technique by which this time of propagation itself can be measured. Rather than observing the Q wave pathology in its very small peak of the total QRS complex, a more refined method is thus made available for continuous patient observation. This propagation time rises from 15 ms to 35 ms or more in progressive pathological conditions. A simulation has been done which illustrates how the Q wave is generated from the travelling action potential wave in the ventricle. The authors have utilized the easy to use novel EPIC Microelectrodes from Plessey Electronics, which are jelly free and provide easy attachment by simple skin contact. Multiple sensors were placed on the chest and the propagation time was measured by differential voltages between them. An embedded controller was used to pick these signals in digitized form and calculate the time intervals. The measurement procedure is simple and highly non invasive. Records from outpatients with cardiac pathology were taken and it was verified that this AP time increases with the Q wave width. This AP propagation time is a more refined method of observing pathological changes than the Q wave, since progressive changes in cardiac condition can be indicated by changes in the millisecond values. It has been verified that the values match with to the usual Q wave width timings.

This paper proposes a control strategy for grid-following inverter control and grid-forming inverter control developed for a Solar Photovoltaic (PV)–battery-integrated microgrid network. A grid-following (GFL) inverter with real and reactive power control in a solar PV-fed system is developed; it uses a Phase Lock Loop (PLL) to track the phase angle of the voltages at the PCC and adopts a vector control strategy to adjust the active and reactive currents that are injected into the power grid. The drawback of a GFL inverter is that it lacks the capability to operate independently when the utility grid is down due to outages or disturbances. The proposed grid-forming (GFM) inverter control with a virtual synchronous machine provides inertia to the grid, generates a stable grid-like voltage and frequency and enables the integration of the grid. The proposed system incorporates a battery energy storage system (BESS) which has inherent energy storage capability and is independent of geographical areas. The GFM control includes voltage and frequency control, enhanced islanding and black start capability and the maintenance of the stability of the grid-integrated system. The proposed model is validated under varying irradiance conditions, load switching, grid outages and temporary faults with fault ride-through (FRT) capability, and fast frequency response and stability are achieved. The proposed model is validated under varying irradiance conditions, load switching, grid outages and line faults incorporating fault ride-through capability in GFM-based control. The proposed controller was simulated in a 100 MW solar PV system and 60 MW BESS using the MATLAB/Simulink 2023 tool, and the experimental setup was validated in a 1 kW grid-connected system. The percentage improvement of the system frequency and voltage with FRT-capable GFM control is 69.3% and 70%, respectively, and the percentage improvement is only 3% for system frequency and 52% for grid voltage in the case of an FRT-capable GFL controller. The simulation and experimental results prove that GFM-based inverter control achieves fast frequency response, and grid stability is also ensured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]