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The primary aim of this article is to explore the approximate controllability of second-order impulsive hemivariational inequalities with initial conditions in Hilbert space. The mild solution was initially derived using the properties of the cosine and sine family of operators, Clarke's subdifferential, and the fact that the related linear equation has an evolution operator. The results of the approximate controllability of the considered systems are then taken into account using the fixed-point theorem method. An application is provided to support our theoretical findings.

This paper resolves around relative controllability of ψ−fractional delayed differential equations in finite dimensional space. The Mittag Leffler type of ψ−delayed perturbation matrix function with two parameters exhibits the Grammian matrix of fractional delay system. Based on this Grammian matrix we derived the necessary and sufficient conditions for the linear system which is relatively controllable. The fixed point approach is applied for obtaining a controllability result for semilinear system. This concept can be applied to some examples in order to illustrate the efficacy of our results.

Industrially important metal working fluids are reported to be vulnerable to microbial growth, leading to loss of its working efficiency. The present study is dedicated towards the green synthesis of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles using Eclipta prostrata leaf extract and investigated for antimicrobial activity. Characterization studies using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) displayed the presence of agglomerated rod shaped ZnO nanoparticles with characteristic peak between 700 and 500 cm−1, respectively. Antimicrobial testing against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, as well as fungi, showed the ZnO nanoparticles' effectiveness. Against gram-positive bacteria, inhibition ranged from 0.48 to 1.51 at concentrations of 25 μl to 100 μl. Against gram-negative bacteria, inhibition ranged from 0.82 to 2.02, and against fungi, inhibition ranged from 1.20 to 2.34, all at the highest concentration tested. The results of the study indicate that the ZnO nanoparticles were effective against both fungi and bacteria, more effectively against gram negative bacteria. The results suggest that the green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles from Eclipta prostrata can be exploited to reduce the load of microbial contamination in metal working fluids.

Introduction Depression is a widespread problem that affects individuals of all ages. This study looks at the use of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as an additional therapy for depression in people of different ages. Depression has an impact on everyone, from youth to the elderly, causing therapeutic concerns such as treatment resistance and recurrence. Omega-3 PUFAs, which may be found in fish and flaxseed, are important because of their impact on neurochemistry, inflammation, and neuroprotection. While pharmacotherapy, including antidepressants, has proven beneficial for many, the likelihood of remission and recurrence remains substantial. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the potential role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) in mitigating depressive symptoms. The primary constituents of n-3 PUFAs are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Understanding the potential of omega-3 PUFAs across the lifespan can help address the multifaceted challenges posed by depression and improve mental health outcomes for diverse age groups. Objectives This review aims to assess the role of omega-3 fatty acids in depression treatment across different age groups: children and adolescents, adults (18–60), and the elderly (60+). It investigates the effectiveness and potential differences in omega-3 supplementation among these age cohorts. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted from 2003 to 2023 using PubMed, Google Scholar, and EMBASE, using specific keywords. Studies with inadequate age group information or Omega-3 intervention were excluded. Results In children and adolescents, several studies indicate a positive association between omega-3 supplementation and improved depressive symptoms. In adults, results are mixed, with some studies showing benefits while others do not. In the elderly, omega-3 PUFAs appear to have a more consistent positive effect on depression. In contrast, a consistent positive association was observed in the geriatric population, suggesting that Omega-3 PUFAs may hold particular promise in the treatment of depression among older adults. However, variations in methodology, dosage, and study populations contribute to these mixed findings. Conclusions Omega-3 PUFAs show promise as an adjunct therapy for depression across different age groups. Further research with standardized methodologies and larger sample sizes is needed to clarify their role and establish optimal dosage guidelines. Omega-3 PUFAs should be considered as a potential complement to conventional depression treatments, emphasizing the need for personalized approaches in depression management. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

In this manuscript, we look at fractional evolution integrodifferential systems with infinite delay of order r∈(1,2) with control problems. To begin, we establish the mild solution for the given system. Further, we look at the approximate controllability outcomes utilizing multivalued functions, Sobolev-type, nonlocal circumstances, fractional analysis, fixed point technique, and cosine families. Finally, an application for generating the primary outcome theory has been created.

The primary focus of this manuscript is on the approximate controllability of second-order semilinear control systems with impulses. There have been two sets of necessary requirements discussed. Combining the theories of the sine and cosine families, as well as the compactness of the cosine operator along with the fixed point technique (FPT) yields the first set of results. The following discussion avoids the apply of the compactness and fixed point approach of the cosine function and is shown instead using Gronwall’s inequality. The existence and uniqueness of the mild solution are also established. We have also provided a case study of theoretical outcomes that have been confirmed the theory.

The main focus of our discussion is the approximate controllability of non-densely defined Sobolev-type Hilfer fractional neutral Volterra–Fredholm integro-differential systems. The important outcomes are obtained by applying concepts and ideas from fractional calculus, Dhage’s fixed point theorem, and multivalued maps. Finally, an example is given for deriving theoretical results.

To explore transmission dynamics of tuberculosis, a tuberculosis transmission model with vaccination and time delay is developed in current paper. Positivity and boundedness are analyzed. Local stability of tuberculosis-free equilibrium in respect of the time delay due to latent period of tuberculosis is analyzed and we have found threshold value of the time delay for the local stability of tuberculosis-free equilibrium. Then, local stability of tuberculosis-existence equilibrium following exhibition of Hopf bifurcation at the crucial value of the time delay due to latent period of tuberculosis is derived. It is shown that the developed model undergoes a Hopf bifurcation around the tuberculosis-existence when the time delay due to latent period of tuberculosis passes through the threshold value. Direction and stability of the Hopf bifurcation are investigated with the help of the normal form method and center manifold theory. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out in the justification of obtained analytical findings. The results obtained provide significant information for tuberculosis disease controlling.

This article focuses on the approximate controllability of impulsive neutral stochastic integrodifferential inclusions in Hilbert spaces. We used resolvent operators, fixed point approaches, and semigroup theory to achieve the article's main results. First, we focus on the existence of approximate controllability, and we develop the existence results with nonlocal conditions. At last, an application is provided to illustrate the concept.

This paper discusses the approximate controllability of hemivariational inequalities of the Sobolev-type Hilfer fractional neutral stochastic evolution system. Firstly, by using fixed point theorems, fractional calculus, Hilfer fractional derivatives, multivalued maps and stochastic analysis, for stochastic fractional evolution systems, we demonstrate mild solutions. Whereupon we introduce necessary conditions that ensure the approximate controllability of stochastic fractional systems. As a final step, we define our primary outcomes using an example.

The Newton-type technique is proposed for solving absolute value equations. This new method is a two-step technique with the generalized Newton technique as a predictor and corrector step is the Simpson’s method. Convergence results are established under mild assumptions. The Newton-type technique is very simple and easy to implement. The proposed method is very effective to solve large systems. The heat equation is solved by using the proposed technique. Numerical outcomes show the efficiency of our technique. We add the concluding remarks at the end of this paper.

The approximate controllability results of Atangana-Baleanu fractional stochastic integrodifferential systems with infinite delay are the topic of this paper. The essential discoveries are developed by employing techniques and theories from stochastic analysis, multivalued map theory, fractional calculus, and fixed point procedure. Before establishing the fractional stochastic control system’s approximate controllability, we illustrate the existence of mild solutions. Ultimately, an example is offered to clarify our main points.

Fractional calculus is now used to accurately depict a range of real occurrences because it can explain the “long-tail memory” phenomena that have been seen through empirical research. Standard differential equations with integer order derivatives cannot predict this influence since the future state in this case depends on a number of prior states that is equal to the maximum order of derivatives present in the differential equation. This paper is mainly focusing the existence outcomes of Atangana-Baleanu fractional stochastic systems as well as fractional neutral stochastic systems. The essential findings are developed utilizing ideals and principles of stochastic systems, multivalued map theory, fractional derivative, and fixed point approaches. We start by focusing on the existence of mild solutions for the abstract systems and we extend the analysis to the neutral system. Finally, an illustration is presented to define our primary findings.

The article uses semigroup theory and Gronwall’s inequality to investigate the approximate controllability of impulsive semilinear control systems. A weaker Lipschitz condition on nonlinearity is enforced to reach the main conclusions. Two sets of assumptions have been used to discuss the key findings. As noted before by various researchers in the accessible literature, application of standard fixed point theorems such as Banach, Schauder, Sadovskii, and others is avoided. Finally, in order to verify the theoretical findings, one case study based on the presented topic is discussed.

The article analyzes the existence of Caputo fractional evolution integrodifferential equations of order 1

This manuscript concerns the approximate controllability results in Hilbert space of Hilfer fractional differential inclusions. We show that the Hilfer fractional neutral differential inclusions are approximately controllable using Bohnenblust-Karlin’s fixed point theorem. Further, nonlocal conditions are extended to the existence results. Furthermore, an application is shown to demonstrate the theoretical conclusions utility.

This manuscript examines the approximate controllability of a second-order stochastic Volterra-Fredholm integrodifferential system including delay and impulses. Primarily, by utilizing stochastic theory, the cosine family of operators, and the fixed point approach, we verify the existence of mild solutions for the given system. In particular, we establish a new set of sufficient requirements for the approximate controllability of the system. On the condition that the associated linear system is approximately controllable, the outcome is derived. In addition, we extend our system with nonlocal conditions. To demonstrate the theory of the primary outcomes, an example is shown.

The study of approximate controllability results ensures the essential conditions required for a solution. Keeping the importance of the study, we initiate the existence and approximate controllability an Atangana-Baleanu-Caputo (ABC)-fractional order neutral delay integrodifferential stochastic systems with nonlocal conditions. For this purpose, the suggested ABC-fractional order neutral integrodifferential stochastic system is transferred into an equivalent fixed point problem via an integral operator. The operator is then analyzed for boundedness, continuity and equicontinuity. Then Arzela-Ascolli theorem ensures the compact multivalued function of the operator and Martelli’s fixed point theorem is utilized for the existence of the mild solution. Based on the fixed point theorem and Dunford-Pettis theorem joined with ζ-resolvent operators, we develop the approximate controllability results. Finally, an example is given to justify the theoretical results. The achieved results reveal that the proposed method is systematic and suitable for dealing with the stochastic fractional problems arising in physics, technology, and engineering in terms of the ABC fractional derivative.

Abstract In our manuscript, we extend the controllability outcomes given by Bashirov (Math. Methods Appl. Sci. 44(9):7455–7462, 2021) for a family of second-order semilinear control system by formulating a sequence of piecewise controls. This approach does not involve large estimations which are required to apply fixed point theorems. Therefore, we avoid the use of fixed point theory and the contraction mapping principle. We establish that a second-order semilinear system drives any starting position to the required final position from the domain of the system. To achieve the required results, we suppose that the linear system is exactly controllable at every non-initial time period, the norm of the inverse of the controllability Grammian operator increases as the time approaches zero with the slower rate in comparison to the reciprocal of the square function, and the nonlinear term is bounded. Finally, an example has been presented to validate the results.

In this article, we use the tool of monotone nonlinearity to present the approximate controllability discussion for fractional semilinear system with nonlocal conditions. Monotonicity is an important characteristic in many communications applications in which digital-to-analog converter circuits are used. Such applications can function in the presence of nonlinearity, but not in the presence of non-monotonicity. Therefore, it becomes quite interesting to study a problem assuming monotonicity of the nonlinear function. Also, nonlocal conditions are additional specifications for the physical measurements than classical ones and impart a finer effect on the solution. We formulate the control function for the problem and establish the controllability results. At last, we proposed two applications for the demonstration.

Abstract The current investigation aims to examine heat transfer as well as entropy generation analysis of Powell-Eyring nanofluid moving over a linearly expandable non-uniform medium. The nanofluid is investigated in terms of heat transport properties subjected to a convectively heated slippery surface. The effect of a magnetic field, porous medium, radiative flux, nanoparticle shapes, viscous dissipative flow, heat source, and Joule heating are also included in this analysis. The modeled equations regarding flow phenomenon are presented in the form of partial-differential equations (PDEs). Keller-box technique is utilized to detect the numerical solutions of modeled equations transformed into ordinary-differential equations (ODEs) via suitable similarity conversions. Two different nanofluids, Copper-methanol (Cu-MeOH) as well as Graphene oxide-methanol (GO-MeOH) have been taken for our study. Substantial results in terms of sundry variables against heat, frictional force, Nusselt number, and entropy production are elaborate graphically. This work’s noteworthy conclusion is that the thermal conductivity in Powell-Eyring phenomena steadily increases in contrast to classical liquid. The system’s entropy escalates in the case of volume fraction of nanoparticles, material parameters, and thermal radiation. The shape factor is more significant and it has a very clear effect on entropy rate in the case of GO-MeOH nanofluid than Cu-MeOH nanofluid.

The main focus of this manuscript is centered around Atangana-Baleanu semilinear neutral fractional integro-differential equations with finite delay. The main outcomes are demonstrated using the Mönch fixed point theorem along with its results when the measure of non-compactness collaborates. Eventually, a demonstration example is proposed.

This article is primarily targeting the approximate controllability results of Atangana–Baleanu neutral fractional stochastic hemivariational inequality. The primary conclusions were validated using principles and ideas from stochastic analysis, fractional calculus, multivalued map theory, and fixed point techniques. We begin by emphasizing the existence of mild solutions, and then demonstrate the fractional control system’s approximate controllability. Our findings are then applied to the notion of nonlocal circumstances. At last, an example is included to show the applicability of our results.

Abstract In this paper, we investigate the approximate controllability of fractional evolution inclusions with hemivariational inequalities of order 1 < r < 2 $1< r

Abstract The goal of this present paper is to study some new inequalities for a class of differentiable functions connected with Chebyshev’s functionals by utilizing a fractional generalized weighted fractional integral involving another function G $\mathcal{G}$ in the kernel. Also, we present weighted fractional integral inequalities for the weighted and extended Chebyshev’s functionals. One can easily investigate some new inequalities involving all other type weighted fractional integrals associated with Chebyshev’s functionals with certain choices of ω ( θ ) $\omega (\theta )$ and G ( θ ) $\mathcal{G}(\theta )$ as discussed in the literature. Furthermore, the obtained weighted fractional integral inequalities will cover the inequalities for all other type fractional integrals such as Katugampola fractional integrals, generalized Riemann–Liouville fractional integrals, conformable fractional integrals and Hadamard fractional integrals associated with Chebyshev’s functionals with certain choices of ω ( θ ) $\omega (\theta )$ and G ( θ ) $\mathcal{G}(\theta )$ .

Brain tumor classification plays a niche role in medical prognosis and effective treatment process. We have proposed a combined feature and image-based classifier (CFIC) for brain tumor image classification in this study. Carious deep neural network and deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN)-based architectures are proposed for image classification, namely, actual image feature-based classifier (AIFC), segmented image feature-based classifier (SIFC), actual and segmented image feature-based classifier (ASIFC), actual image-based classifier (AIC), segmented image-based classifier (SIC), actual and segmented image-based classifier (ASIC), and finally, CFIC. The Kaggle Brain Tumor Detection 2020 dataset has been used to train and test the proposed classifiers. Among the various classifiers proposed, the CFIC performs better than all other proposed methods. The proposed CFIC method gives significantly better results in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy with 98.86, 97.14, and 98.97%, respectively, compared with the existing classification methods.

In this paper, the problem of exponential synchronization of semi-Markov jump stochastic complex dynamical networks using nonuniform sampled-data control with random delayed information exchanges among dynamical nodes are discussed. In particular, it is considered that random delayed information exchanges follow a Bernoulli distribution, in which stochastic variables are used to model randomness. To achieve exponential synchronization, we designed a nonuniform sampled-data control approach. By constructing an appropriate Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional and using the Wirtinger inequality, sufficient criteria were obtained in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, numerical examples were implemented to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed design techniques.

Objective of the present work is to explore the fluidity and thermal performance of Silver and Magnesium oxide mixed water based hybrid nanofluid over the penetrable hollow ampoule under the magnetic influence. Effective thermophysical modelling has been adopted along with the Darcy Forchheimer model engaged exclusively for the inertia of the porosity layer. Governing model equations were solved with the efficient Galerkin Finite Element Analysis (GFEM) and the outcomes were scrutinized towards the error tolerance of 10−6. Parametrical study has been performed with crucial and influencing constraints to traces the behaviors of streamlines and isotherms. Added to the flow influencing constraints the meandering structure of the enclosure itself creates a significant impact on the fluidity which can be evident through the contours developed in the streamline plots. Initial values of the Rayleigh number (Ra) and the Darcy number (Da) make the thermal dissemination stays away from the walls particularly in the hooter wall side with two cliff bar structures. Thermal transference rates get notable assistance from most of the constraints except from the accumulative Hartmann number (Ha) and for the lower Rayleigh number (Ra).

The present investigation signifies the Second grade nanofluid stream with porous media, viscous dissipation, joule heating and thermal radiation effects over a moving flat horizontal surface with entropy analysis. This study presents a novel idea regarding the implementation of single phase (Tiwari and Das) model on Second grade fluid model by considering Engine Oil (EO) as a base fluid. Single phase model considers nanoparticles volume fraction for heat transfer enhancement instead of the Buongiorno model which heavily relies on thermophoresis and Brownian diffusion effects for heat transfer analysis. The velocity slip and convective slip boundary conditions have been employed at the surface of the sheet. By utilizing the suitable transformations, the modeled PDEs (partial-differential equations) are renewed in ODEs (ordinary-differential equations) and treated these equations analytically with the help of Variation Iteration Method (VIM). Two different classes of nanofluids, Copper-engine oil (Cu−EO) and Titanium oxide-engine oil (TiO2−EO) have been taken into considering for our analysis. The behavior of surface drag coefficient and Nusselt number for the varied values of various sundry parameters is designed via tables. Our findings show that an increase in the Reynolds and Brinkman numbers increased the overall entropy of the system. Moreover, the stricking outcome of the current study is that due to the heavier density of the Cu nanoparticle the inclusion of nanoparticle volume fraction retards the flow profile and though Cu is a good conductor of heat it boosts up the fluid temperature throughout the domain.

In this effort, solid hybrid nanofluid flowing and thermal transport characteristics over a slippery, nonlinear, uniform stretching surface are proposed. The influence of nanosolid particle shapes, permeability material, viscous dissipative flow, Cattaneo-Christov heat flux and radiate flux are studied. The predominant flow equations are systemized in form of partial-differential equations (PDEs). Keller-box's computational method is the employed method to identify the self-similar resolution for transformed principles into the ordinary-differential equations (ODEs) by appropriate transmutations. Williamson hybrid nanofluidcontaining of dual varied types of nanoparticles, named Copper (Cu) and Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) in the rich viscid; based fluid of kind EO- Engine Oil is utilized in this research. The remarkable consequence of this analysis is reached by comparison of thermal transmission level of such type of fluid (ZrO2−Cu/EO), which has increasingly more gains to traditional nanofluids (Cu−EO). The lamina-figured elements effect the utmost major thermal conductivity in the boundary-layer, whilst the lowermost thermal conductivity is detected in sphere geometric nanoparticle.

Due to the dynamic in nature, the vulnerabilities that exist in VANET are much higher when compared with that of the wired network infrastructure. In DoS attacks, the legitimate users are prohibited from accessing the services or network resource. The primary goal of the attack to make the desired destination vehicle unavailable or relegate the message all the way through the network affects the reachability. The proposed reCAPTCHA controller mechanism prevents the automated attacks similarly like botnet zombies. The reCAPTCHA controller is used to check and prohibit most of the automated DDoS attacks. For implementing this technique, the information theory based metric is used to analyze the deviation in users request in terms of entropy. Frequency and entropy are the metrics used to measure the vulnerability of the attack. The stochastic model based reCAPTCHA controller is used as a prevention mechanism for the large botnet based attackers. To inspect the efficiency of the proposed method, various network parameters are considered such as Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Average Latency (AL), Detection Rate (DR) and Energy Consumption (EC). In the proposed research work, the metric PDR is used to know successful delivery of data packets to the destination vehicle without any interrruption. These parameters are used to measure how effectively the data is delivered to the destination from source vehicle.

1-(Phenyl(piperidin-1-yl)methyl)naphthalene-2-ol was synthesized and characterized utilizing spectroscopic techniques (FT-IR, FT-Raman, UV–Visible, NMR, Mass and CHNS analysis). The synthesized compound chemical structure was optimized using the Density Functional Theory (DFT) B3LYP/6-311G (d,p) basis set. The computational studies including NMR chemical shift value, vibrational frequencies, natural bond orbital (NBO), frontier molecular orbital (FMO), molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), HOMO-LUMO, NLO, dipole moment, Mulliken charge analysis, thermal studies and potential energy surface (PES) analysis. Molecular docking studies were also carried out for Haemophilus influenza protein with target molecule using Autodock 4.2 versions and showed potential inhibitor activity against Haemophilus influenzae diseases.

Computing consists of a network of heterogeneous computers, from which a virtual super computer is essentially formed. It displays immense potential as the various resources across large networks can be pooled to service many and be utilized by many, using the Internet from around the world. The potential for parallel CPU processing is one of the most attractive features of a grid. A perfectly scalable application will finish five times faster if it uses five times the number of processors. Application software as required by the users of the grid. Thus, the structure can be represented in layers, as implied by the grouping of grid components. Hardware, the bottom layer, would then contain a large number of heterogeneous resources and would be accessed by a limited number of users to ensure data privacy. The next layer would then consist of application software and tools that are useful for the users and which are domain-specific. In this research we analyzed the distributed and high-performance system in grid computing to provide the efficient resource discovery and message broadcasting. The Distributed Spanning Tree (DST’s) implementation is altered and adapted to achieve better server load and message load distribution by a selective search and look-up mechanism in this proposal. In addition, a fault tolerance mechanism is also expressed in this contribution, as part of the DST’s adaptation, such that if the system which is providing the service fails or leaves the grid environment, then the backup site will immediately take up the execution and recover the task.

The aim of the present investigation is to model a tubular electrochemical reactor for the treatment of synthetic dye wastewater. The tubular reactor was modeled and solved by finite difference method. For the model solution, the column was divided into 11 nodes in the axial direction and the variation in the radial direction has been neglected. An initial dye concentration of 200 mg L-1was taken in the reservoir. The reactor was operated in a batch with recirculation operation. Based on preliminary experiments all parameters have been optimized. The model simulation is compared with the experimental value and it is observed that the model fairly matches well with the experiment. The modeling of tubular electrochemical reactors for dye waste water treatment could be useful in the design and scale up of electrochemical process.

Cloud computing is a platform to share the data and resources used among various organizations, but the survey shows that there is always a security threat. Security is an important aspect of cloud computing. Hence, the responsibility underlines to the cloud service providers for providing security as the quality of service. However, cloud computing has many challenges in security that have not yet been addressed well. The data accessed or shared through any devices from the cloud environment are not safe because they are likely to have various attacks like Identity Access Management (IAM), hijacking an account or a service either by internal/external intruders. The cryptography places a major role to secure the data within the cloud environment. Therefore, there is a need for standard encryption/decryption mechanism to protect the data stored in the cloud, in which key is the mandatory element. Every cloud provider has its own security mechanisms to protect the key. The client cannot trust the service provider completely in spite of the fact that, at any instant, the provider has full access to both data and key. In this paper, we have proposed a new system which can prevent the exposure of the key as well as a framework for sharing a file that will ensure security (CIA) using asymmetric key and distributing it within the cloud environment using a trusted third party. We have compared RSA with ElGamal and Paillier in our proposed framework and found RSA gives a better result.

In the title compound, C26H24O5, the pyran ring has a flattened-boat conformation, with the 1,4-related ether O and methine C atoms lying 0.1205 (18) and 0.271 (2) Å, respectively, above the least-squares plane involving the doubly bonded C atoms (r.m.s deviation = 0.0208 Å). An envelope conformation is found for the cyclohexene ring, with the flap atom being the middle methylene C atom, lying 0.616 (2) Å out of the plane defined by the remaining atoms (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0173 Å). The fused four-ring system is approximately planar, with the dihedral angle between the least-squares planes through the cyclohexene and naphthyl rings being 10.78 (7)°. The trisubstituted benzene ring occupies a position almost perpendicular to the pyran ring [dihedral angle = 83.97 (4)°]. The most prominent feature of the packing is the formation of zigzag supramolecular chains mediated by aryl-C—H...O(methoxy) interactions; chains are connected into a three-dimensional architecture by methylene- and methyl-C—H...π interactions. The prevalence of C—H...O and C—H...π interactions is confirmed by an analysis of the Hirshfeld surface. A comparison with related structures suggests that the molecular conformation of the title compound is relatively robust with respect to varying substitution patterns at the methine C atom of the pyran ring.

In Cloud computing, several issues arises due to malicious users. The cloud service provider does not know whether the cloud consumer is authorized user or an unauthorized user when they access the data from cloud. Cloud service consumer can interact with the cloud providers. The malicious users can easily hack the user’s private information. The cloud provider cannot able to find this problem. In this Paper we proposed the method is a Trust Management Service (TMS). The advantage of using this methodology is to secure our privacy information and also check whether it is a valid users or not. Protecting the cloud services against the malicious user is not an easy task. Our proposed method show that the capability of finding the malicious users and also misleading feedback.

One pot, three-component synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines using ionic liquid 3,3′-thionyl-bis-1,1′-methylimidazolium chloroaluminate ([tbmim]Cl2/AlCl3) was found to be efficient to afford good to excellent yields at room temperature under ultrasonic irradiation. This method has many advantages, which avoids the use of harmful catalysts, occurence of reactions at room temperature, high yields and methodological simplicity.

In this article, we study the existence of mild solutions for nonlocal Cauchy problem for fractional neutral evolution equations with infinite delay. The results are obtained by using the Banach contraction principle. Finally, an application is given to illustrate the theory.

One pot, three-component synthesis of 2,6-diaryl-4-piperidones and 2,4,6,8-tetraaryl-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-ones under microwave irradiation, was found to be efficient to afford good to excellent yields. This method has many advantages, which avoids the use of catalysts, accelerates the rate of reaction, high yields, methodological simplicity and eco-friendliness.

The 1-(6-chloro-2-methyl-4-phenylquinolin-3-yl)-3-(aryl)prop-2-en-1-ones were synthesized by microwave assisted synthesis, the antimicrobial activities of synthesized compounds were screened against Gram negative organisms such as Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 117788), Salmonella typhi (ATCC 25264), Gram positive Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 700699) and fungal organisms such as Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida utilius.

The 4-hydroxy-3-(3-arylacryloyl)quinolin-2(1H)-ones were synthesized from 3-acetyl-4-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one by microwave assisted synthesis, which in turn converted into their corresponding 3-(4,5-dihydro-5-aryl)isoxazol-3-yl)-4-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-ones and 3-(4-styryl)isoxazolo[4,5-c]quinolin-4(5H)-one derivatives.

n this paper, we study the global existence of solutions for the initial value problems for Volterra-Fredholm type neutral impulsive functional integrodifferential equations. Using the Leray-Schauder's Alternative theorem, we derive conditions under which a solution exists globally. An application is provided to illustrate the theory.

Voice activity detection (VAD) is a vital process in voice communication systems to avoid unnecessary coding and transmission of noise. Most of the existing VAD algorithms continue to suffer high false alarm rates and low sensitivity when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is low, at 0 dB and below. Others are developed to operate in offline mode or are impractical for implementation in actual devices due to high computational complexity. This paper proposes the upper envelope weighted entropy (UEWE) measure as a means to enable high separation of speech and non-speech segments in voice communication. The asymmetric nonlinear filter (ANF) is employed in UEWE to extract the adaptive weight factor that is subsequently used to compensate the noise effect. In addition, this paper also introduces a dual-rate adaptive nonlinear filter (DANF) with high adaptivity to rapid time-varying noise for computation of the decision threshold. Performance comparison with standard and recent VADs shows that the proposed algorithm is superior especially in real-time practical applications.

In the title compound, C20H22O5, the tetrahydropyran, cyclohexene and cyclohexane rings of the xanthene ring system adopt half-chair, half-boat and chair conformations, respectively. The mean plane of the four roughly planar atoms of the tetrahydropyran ring (r.m.s. deviation = 0.111 Å) forms a dihedral angle of 82.91 (4)° with the methoxybenzene group. In the crystal, molecules are linked via O—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds into sheets lying parallel to the ac plane. The crystal is further consolidated by weak C—H...π interactions.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C25H35NO6, contains two independent molecules. In each molecule, the 1,4-dihydropyridine ring adopts a flattened boat conformation. The dihedral angles between the 1,4-dihydropyridine and benzene rings are 87.55 (7) and 87.23 (7)°. In one of these molecules, one of the isobutyl groups is disordered over two sets of sites, with an occupancy ratio of 0.890 (2):0.110 (2). In the crystal, molecules are linked through N—H...O, O—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds forming two-dimensional networks parallel to the ab plane. The crystal structure is further stabilized by weak C—H...π interactions.

In the title compound, C19H20F6N2O8, the ethoxy and ethyl groups are disordered over two sets of sites, with occupancy ratios of 0.212 (18):0.788 (18) and 0.746 (6):0.254 (6), respectively. The piperidine ring adopts a chair conformation. In the molecule, intramolecular O—H...O hydrogen bonds form two S(6) ring motifs. In the crystal, molecules are linked via O—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming dimers.

In the title compound, C23H26O4, the two cyclohexene rings adopt envelope conformations whereas the pyran ring adopts a boat conformation. In the crystal, pairs of intermolecular O—H...O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into inversion dimers.

The title compound, C6H10N2O, is a zwitterionic pyrazole derivative. The crystal packing is predominantly governed by a three-center iminium–amine N+—H...O−...H—N interaction, leading to an undulating sheet-like structure lying parallel to (100).