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This work contains a taxonomic and bionomic information about the genus Euroleon Esben-Petersen, 1918 with two currently known species in the Caucasus and their distribution in Dagestan Republic, Russia. A small colony of larvae of the antlion Euroleon parvus Hölzel, 1972 was found in Dagestan near the permanent habitat of Euroleon nostras (Geoffroy in Fourcroy, 1785) on the territory of the Barkhan Sarykum, the part of Dagestan State Nature Reserve. The 2nd instar larva of E. parvus is described for the first time and habitat conditions of larvae of this species are characterized. An evolutionary scenario for the genus Euroleon is proposed. New synonyms are proposed: Euroleon Esben-Petersen, 1918 = Myrmeleo Blanchard, 1845, syn. n. (the type species Formicaleo nostras Geoffroy in Fourcroy, 1785 is designated here), but that senior synonym does not concord with Euroleon in terms of priority (Article 23.7.2 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature); Euroleon nostras (Geoffroy in Fourcroy, 1785) (ex Formicaleo) = Myrmeleon formicarium Linnaeus, 1767 sensu Blanchard, 1845, syn. n.; Euroleon coreanus Okamoto, 1926 = Euroleon flavicorpus Wang in Ao, Zhang, Abraham, Wang, 2009, syn. n.

New records of 19 species of myrmeleontoid lacewings (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae, Ascalaphidae, Nemopteridae) of Armenian fauna are presented. In comparison with adjacent Caucasian countries Armenian fauna of antlions, spoonwings and owlflies could be characterized as manifold, organized under the influence of Anatolian faunistic center. Distoleon laticollis (Navás, 1913), Delfimeus irroratus iranensis (Hölzel, 1972), D. irroratus morgani (Navás, 1913), Neuroleon tenellus (Klug in Ehrenberg, 1834), Creoleon griseus (Klug in Ehrenberg, 1834), Libelloides macaronius kolyvanensis morpha alba Krivokhatsky, Bagaturov et Prokopov, 2018 are reported for Armenia for the first time. Here we proposed a new status for three taxa, which are interpreted as subspecies of Delfimeus irroratus (Olivier, 1811): D. irroratus morgani stat. n., D. irroratus iranensis stat. n. and D. irroratus friedeli (Hölzel, 1972), stat. n. All four taxa (including the nominotypical subspecies) differ in the pronotum pattern and the color of wings and have a partially sympatric distribution. The largest representatives (forewing 25 mm) nominotypical subspecies and a small subspecies D. irroratus friedeli with dense venation were not found in Armenia.

Since the first information at the end of the 19th Century and up to the present time, the only species of the family Ascalaphidae has been registered in Crimea: Libelloides macaronius (Scopoli, 1763) with two subspecies, L. macaronius kolyvanensis (Laxmann, 1770) (= Ascalaphus longicornis dubius Eversmann, 1850, syn. n.) and L. macaronius pupillatus (Rambur, 1842). Each listed subspecies has two colour morphs. Yellow (morpha typica) and white (morpha alba n.) morphs of the subspecies L. macaronius kolyvanensis (Laxmann, 1770) сan be found together in south-east part of Crimea. The second subspecies with two colour morphs, L. macaronius pupillatus (Rambur, 1842) morpha typica and morpha intermedia (Menétriés, 1849), is definitely extinct in Crimea and occurs now in the Kuban and the Volga regions. Subspecific and infrasubspecific structure of Libelloides macaronius is discussed. The key to all subspecies from the Ancient Mediterranean zoogeographical region is given. Information about their bionomics, distribution and occurrence in Crimea over the past 100 years are added. Brief diagnoses of taxa and descriptions of L. macaronius kolyvanensis alba, morpha n. is given. The rank of two species is changed: Libelloides macaronius tajikus Luppova, 1973, stat. n. and L. macaronius oculatus (Brullé, 1832), stat. n. = Ascalaphus kolyvanensis var. ponticus McLachlan, 1876, syn. n. Two subspecies are reduced to morphs: Libelloides longicornis (Linnaeus, 1764), morpha leucocelia Costa, 1855; Libelloides macaronius pupillatus (Rambur, 1842) morpha intermedia Ménétriés, 1849. Some ascalaphid taxa from the Central Palaearctic are interpreted as subspecies of Libelloides macaronius described on the base of typical yellow morphs: L. macaronius turсestanicus (Weele, 1909) and L. macaronius trimaculatus (Weele, 1909). In addition, two white morphs, L. macaronius turcestanicus doboszi morpha n. and L. macaronius trimaculatus letardii morpha n., are described. White morpha was not found for L. macaronius tajikus Luppova, 1973, stat. n. Among Asian taxa, the specimen described by L. Navás as variation, transferred here to the rank aberration Libelloides macaronius kolyvanensis ab. fumata (Navás, 1929), which does not form the biological taxon.

The current composition of the fauna of antlions in Azerbaijan (25 species) based on our collection in 2015–2017 is discussed. Antlion imago and larvae were collected during fieldwork in the following regions and localities of Azerbaijan: Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic (Ordubad, Babek, Shakhbuz), Baku, Gobustan, Mingachaur, Kurdamir, Siazan, Shabran, Shamakhi, Lerik, Fizuli, islands Pirallahi, Bulla (Khara Zirah), Chilov. Representatives of all Palaearctic subfamilies and tribes were collected, and 6 species are recorded for the first time for the fauna of the republic. Analysis of the fauna of antlions of Azerbaijan showed the full absence of local and Caucasian endemics. Only Palpares turcicus and Nohoveus armenicus can be interpreted as sub-endemic species with initial Kura-Aras-Anatolian range and the possible autochthonous Kura-Aras Pliocene origin. The remaining 23 species belong to groups with wider distribution, mostly to the Ancient Mediterranean type, which was formed presumably before the Oligocene. The mixed faunal composition is a consequence of the unique geographical position of Azerbaijan, on the territory of which three zoogeographical provinces are joined: the Euxine province (European Nemoral zoogeographic region), Kura-Aras and West-Asian provinces (Sethian zoogeographic region) according to classification of Krivokhatsky and Emeljanov. Simultaneously, a contact between closely related subgenera and subspecies is also observed here, that determines the integrated picture of the taxonomic diversity of the Myrmeleontidae fauna of Azerbaijan.

Nohoveus gnezdilovi Krivokhatsky, sp. n. and Subgulina vanharteni Krivokhatsky, sp. n. from Sharjah Desert Park of United Arab Emirates are described. The generic affiliation for Myrmecaelurus laetus (Klug, 1834), Myrmecaelurus persicus (Navás, 1929) and Nohoveus fidelis Hölzel, 1968 were established on the base of male gonarcus description

The distribution of antlions on larval and pupal stages with water streams in Turan and Baikal Region is discussed. Pupae in cocoons and larvae have some morphological adaptations for survival in water conditions during settling. The radiation with using of wind and water stream is proposed to name feng-shui type of settling (wind-stream). This model of settling has been helpful for an explanation of recolonization of Myrmeleon frontalis Burmeister, 1839 onto oceanic islands after tsunami on the example of volcanic explosion on Krakatau

Fauna of Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae of Daghestan includes 17 species. The distribution of species among landscapes is discussed