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The paper presents the results of a unique project “The Scientific Emigration in Ukraine at the Beginning of the 21st Century” implemented in 1999-2001. This study has remained known for a small group of specialists and not reached the main goal, namely, the development of government policy on intellectual migration. This project is unique due to the complete coverage of problem as the sociological representativeness of research is about 3,000 people engaged in the opinion poll, including senior students of universities, young researchers, chiefs of departments of academic institutions, experts, and representatives of Ukrainian scientific diaspora. The main reasons for scientific emigration, as pointed out by the young generation, are will for improvement of qualifications, gain of experience in the international teams and for securing of family welfare. The main conditions for stopping the intellectual emigration in Ukraine are the creation of innovative research infrastructure, the enhancement of prestige of researcher, the possibility to publish research results in high impact journals, and realization of personal potential in profession and career. The authors have discussed ways to address this problem in the recipient and in the donor countries of scientific migration and offered a strategy for retrieval of young researchers to Ukraine. The results of the present project are assumed to be a starting point for a new sociological study to understand the position of students and young researchers in new political and sociohumanistic reality of Ukraine.

The decline of embryo moisture content from approx. 82 to 53% in 1997 and 56% in 1998 in recalcitrant seeds ofAcer saccharinumduring maturation was accompanied by decreased mitotic activity in the meristems and an increase in the percentage of cells in the G1phase of the cell cycle. DNA synthesis and mitosis in the root apex ceased at approx. 53% embryo moisture content, and 67% of the cells were arrested in the G1phase. During post-maturation drying, cell division in the shoot apex and embryonic leaves continued as long as the embryo moisture content was higher than 50 and 45%, respectively. Mitotic activity in the drying embryo may be controlled by its moisture level. Increased proliferation of the root, shoot and leaf meristems of the mature seeds was already recorded at 24 h of germination, before the root protruded through the seed coat. However, the increase in the embryo moisture content was small – from 56 to 59%. In the 3 d seedlings (10–15 mm long) the mitotic index reached 8% in the root apex and 12% in the shoot apex with leaves. Placing mature seeds in moist conditions might be necessary for the switch from proliferation decline towards its activation. Thus, in contrast with orthodox seeds, the preservation of cell division capacity and increased mitotic activity may be essential for rapid germination immediately after shedding in matureAcerseeds.