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A growing number of studies test key cultural constructs used in comparative political research for invariance across countries, only to declare these constructs incomparable if the invariance tests fail. The assumption underlying this kind of conclusion is that between-country differences in within-country factor solutions reflect cross-cultural inequivalence of the respective survey items. Using a Bayesian approach, we explore variation in measurement quality across countries focusing on sexual emancipation. We find that between-country differences in factor solutions reflect little more than imbalances in within-country dispersions of the construct items. As we demonstrate, discrete and bounded response scales used in standard surveys enforce a mathematical relationship between extreme country means, low within-country dispersions, and weak factor solutions. We formalize this insight by introducing a between–within model of cultural variation. Our contribution calls into question the practice of declaring constructs to be incomparable based on failed invariance tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the effects of three cultural values, namely long-term orientation, collectivism, and uncertainty avoidance, on two types of employee voice behavior: promotive and prohibitive. It also investigates whether leader–member exchange theory (LMX) moderates the relationships between the three cultural values and two types of employee voice behavior. Using 387 hotel employees in Taiwan, the statistical results show that all three cultural values have positive effects on both promotive and prohibitive voice behavior. The results also indicate that LMX strengthens the positive relationships between the three cultural values and two types of employee voice behavior. Research and practical implications derived from the findings of this study are discussed, for the extant hospitality literature and Taiwanese hoteliers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is limited research about how groups solve collective action problems in uncertain environments, especially if groups are confronted with unknown unknowns. We aim to develop a more comprehensive view of the characteristics that allow both groups and individuals to navigate such issues more effectively. In this article, we present the results of a new online experiment where individuals make decisions of whether to contribute to the group or pursue self-interest in an environment with high uncertainty, including unknown unknowns. The behavioral game, Port of Mars is framed as a first-generation habitat on Mars where participants have to make decisions on how much to invest in the shared infrastructure to maintain system health and how much to invest in personal goals. Participants can chat during the game, and take surveys before and after the game in order to measure personality attributes and observations from the game. Initial results suggest that a higher average social value orientation and more communication are the key factors that explain why some groups are more successful than others in surviving Port of Mars. Neither other attributes of players nor the group's communication content explain the observed differences between groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a collection of presentations and research studies from the International Journal of Psychology. The presentations cover topics such as health disparities, mental health in Black communities, trauma in diverse cultural backgrounds, and the importance of addressing health equity in children and youth. The research studies explore global issues like trauma treatment, migration, intergroup relations, and dementia screening. The studies aim to provide insights and promote understanding of these topics in order to foster inclusive environments and cooperation. [Extracted from the article]

The article provides the analysis of the results of the Taras Shevchenko International Language and Literature Competition for Pupils and Student Youth in 2018-2022. The methods of the quantitative analysis were used to determine the number of participants and winners of the competition (diplomas of I, II, and III degree) in each region of Ukraine, as well as among the foreign participants. It was found that over the past 5 years, 3,384 people from 24 regions of Ukraine and the city of Kyiv participated in the language and literature competition. The winners were 1,636 people, which is 48.3% of the total number of participants. It was found that 240 participants from 16 countries around the world took part in the competition. The obtained results will allow us to identify the regions of Ukraine and its international partners who actively participated in the competition; Departments of Education and Science of Ukraine will be able to popularize the Ukrainian language and enhance the involvement of gifted youth in intellectual competitions. The further research will provide the quantitative analysis of participants who are going to take part in All-Ukrainian competitions in 2023-2024 academic years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generation Z is expected to officially surpass the Baby Boomers in the labor market by 2024 and to represent 30% of the global workforce by 2030. In the work environment, they are referred to oxymoronically as competitively ambivalent. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the reasons for this behavior and to identify initiatives that would facilitate understanding between Generation Z and other generations. The aim of the present study was to find out whether Generation Z in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, which lives in conditions of deepening polarization of society and differentiated opportunities (e.g., in access to education, consumption of goods and services, work and entertainment), exhibits compatible value orientation or whether significant antagonisms exist in the value system. The study utilized the referential Schwartz's theory of values, which handles universal values dynamically. This theoretical framework was extended to include the dimension of instrumental values that were contextualized in the labor market environment. The results show that the representatives of Generation Z in the Czech Republic and Slovakia prefer collective values (Benevolence and Universalism) in the first two places. However, they subsequently lean toward two individual values (Hedonism and Self-Direction). The comparison of the results in the European context showed the same values being shared by the representatives of Generation Z with preference nuances. The comparison of Generation Z representatives with members of other generations in the European context showed consistency of sharing collective values (Benevolence and Universalism). Discussion: Intergenerational value congruence, as well as knowledge of the difference in preferred values across generations (the collectivism value of Tradition shared by Baby Boomers and Generation X, and Hedonism as an individualism value shared by Generation Y and Generation Z) can help the successful integration of Generation Z representatives in the labor market. A way toward intergenerational synergy can be the recommended strategies for managing Generation Z in the context of career paths: Flexibility of development; Gamification; Mentoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractClassroom communities are shared, value-laden, relational time-spaces. One way a classroom community makes explicit and cultivates its values and sought-after ways of interacting is through classroom rules or agreements. What they consist of, and how they are agreed upon, taken up and/or imposed communicates who and what is valued. While some classroom commuities co-author rules, they have typically focused on classroom management and student behaviors. In contrast, we examine the classroom talk of one second-grade classroom community’s process of co-authoring six classroom agreements that focus on valuing self, each other and their classroom. Our sociocultural discourse analysis of whole-class talk provides context for, and explicates ways, this co-­authored classroom agreement process set expectations and obliged commitment to honor these classroom agreements. Findings show ways this process cultivated caring relations and dialogic value-­orientations. This study is significant because it lays out not only the process of agreeing upon and making explicit what matters in a community, but also the values and practices such a process can cultivate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing global demand for electric vehicles is evidence of the general recognition among the public regarding issues tied to climate change, carbon emissions, and air pollution. China has experienced a rapid expansion in its New Energy Vehicle (NEV) market over recent years, establishing itself as the largest such market globally. This research endeavors to comprehend how consumers' value systems contribute to their intent to purchase NEVs. The proposed model was assessed using the data collected from a Chinese sample. Employing a multi-faceted approach, this study uncovers the diverse ways in which consumers with varying value orientations evaluate NEVs and formulate intentions to support governmental initiatives. Furthermore, the study examines the interplay between consumers' value assessments, their inclination to endorse governmental efforts, and their intentions to purchase NEVs. The study's findings underscore the role of consumers' value orientation in shaping their perceptions of NEVs. Additionally, it reveals that consumers who align with an environmentally conscious government are more inclined to buy NEVs. • Based on Value-Belief-Norm and Value orientation theory, a new framework of NEVs behavior decision is constructed. • Perceived hedonic and utilitarian values are critical for increasing to buy NEVs. • Value perception and intention to support the government are found to influence the consumer's NEV purchase decision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the mechanisms that underlie the effect of school marketing strategies on parents' perceived school attractiveness, particularly emphasizing the mediating role of parents' perceptions of being welcomed in urban schools. Additionally, we investigated how schools' marketing strategies work differently among parents with different value orientations toward schooling. Structural Equation Modeling and Cluster Analysis Data were applied to analyze 510 questionnaires collected from parents. Two experiential marketing strategies, namely, one-way disseminating materials and interactive social networking, impacted parents' perceived attractiveness of schools differently with the feeling of being welcomed mediating the relationship between parents and schools. Additionally, parents' value orientations toward schooling could be classified into three profiles. The results suggest that schools should consider parents' needs and preferences concerning their children's schooling and employ appropriate marketing strategies to engage different types of parents. To facilitate this outcome, individualized interaction is necessary to accommodate the diverse needs of parents. The overall structural equation model validates the mechanism of experiential marketing in influencing parental perceptions, and the cluster analysis underscores the need to explore the complex relationship between parents' educational priorities and their interpretation of marketing strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tax-based appropriations for local public leisure services have become increasingly scarce. To increase cost recovery and generate additional revenue, many park and recreation agencies have added new fees or elevated existing fees. However, fee increases may arouse resistance among users. To alleviate user resistance, fee justification messaging providing additional information about potential beneficial outcomes may be utilized. This study sought to test two different types of benefit-based fee justification messages (community-benefit vs. user-benefit messages) in the context of an aquatic center and examine how the effects of messages vary with individual value orientations. Results indicate that both types of benefit-based justification messaging improved users' fairness perceptions, but had a marginal impact on purchase intentions. The effectiveness of messaging was found to be dependent on value orientation as individuals with a high self-enhancement or a high self-transcendent value orientation were more responsive to fee messaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Espacios is the property of Talleres de Impresos Oma and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Chengdu University (Social Science) is the property of Journal of Chengdu University (Social Science Edition) Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Changes affect people’s lives and their attitude to work, including civil service. Civil servants represent the interests of citizens. The quality of public service depends on the professionalism of civil servants, their competencies, and psychological profile, e.g., values. One’s system of values determines one’s attitude to work and life, e.g., professional motivation and career path. The research objective was to describe the effect of personal values on career preferences in civil servants. It revealed a certain correlation between the value system and career orientations. Civil servants should develop their talents to build an individual career path. At the state level, both Russia and Kazakhstan take a number of measures to manage the career of civil servants by developing their talents and value preferences, which should be determined in early stages. The article also contains some practical value-oriented recommendations for career development of civil servants.

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the effect of cognitive load and social value orientation on managers' preferences when they face with two types of restructuring choices in financially distressed firms: the first belonging to the family of organizational restructuring (massive layoffs) and the second to the family of financial restructuring (debt increases). Design/methodology/approach: The authors investigate experimentally the impact of managers' cognitive load and social value orientation on the decision to restructure leveraged buyout (LBO) firms in financial distress by using either massive layoffs or debt increases. Findings: By investigating the impact of managers' cognitive load and social value orientation on the restructuring decision of an LBO firm in financial distress, the research reveals that, on average, cognitively loaded managers prefer massive layoffs over increased debt levels. The massive layoffs seemingly provide a relatively easier way to avoid conflict with influential, residual claimants. In contrast, social value–oriented managers actively avoid massive layoffs and prefer to increase debt. Research limitations/implications: These results imply that the performance mechanisms emphasized to improve agency relations, for example, in LBOs, have their own limitations during periods of financial distress. This study shows that one of these limits is related to cognitive distortions and personality traits. Originality/value: In this research, the originality lies in understanding how managers' internal factors affect their restructuring decision-making, in the case of LBO firms in financial distress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Students are perceived as a group that manifests certain specific cultural particularities, among which there are the values, beliefs and principles of conduct. Since the instructional-educational activities carried out with them must take into account those aspects that they value and which represent benchmarks in the cognitive, affective and behavioral spheres, we decided to find out which axiological benchmarks the students we work with refer to. They assimilate the cultural values promoted by the university and, at the same time, they are active participants in the act of creating new values. We were interested in identifying the most common values among master's students who are enrolled in the courses of the psychopedagogical module and also to what extent these are found in their attitudes and opinions in specific training situations. In order to achieve the proposed goal, we started from the hypothesis that students refer to both classical and recent values. In order to test the research hypothesis, we used qualitative research methods, which allowed us to inventory the dominant values of the students' axiological register, but also to find out some reasons and arguments they base their opinions on.

The relevance of the research is determined by the fact that implementing timely psychological prevention of social media addiction, while taking into account age-specifi c characteristics, creates conditions for a person to develop agency that can regulate their behavior in online communication based on universal human values aligned with the cultural and moral values of the Russian society. The research objective is to identify the psychological factors that contribute to the development of agency in young people who are highly addicted to social media. Hypothesis: The psychological prevention described in this study aims at developing self-refl ection skills that help a person to counteract the manipulative infl uence of both participants of online interactions and online content itself. This psychological prevention may be a factor enabling the development of agency and self-fulfi llment of young people in today’s information society.276 students (freshmen, sophomore and junior)of Saratov State University aged 17-20 (with an average age of 19.2 and a standard deviation of 0.67) participated in the study. There were 32% of boys and 68% of girls. Methods: The following methods were used to identify the personal and socio-psychological characteristics of individuals: the Freiburg Personality Test (modifi ed form “B”) (A. A. Krylov and T. I. Ronginskaya), the method for diagnosing the level of neuroticism (L. I. Vasserman), and the “Perception of the Internet” questionnaire (E. A. Schepilina).The “Social Media Addiction Questionnaire” (V. P. Sheinov, A. S. Devitsyn) was used to measure the degree of a person’s addiction to social media. The “Test for Studying the Real Structure of Personality Value Orientations” (S. S. Bubnova) was used to study value orientations. the “Questionnaire on Refl ection” (F. V. Karpov) was used to identify the level of self-refl ection skills. The questionnaire “Assessment of Individual Security from Manipulative Infl uences”(V. P. Sheinov) was used to analyze an individual’s perception of their security/insecurity from manipulation. Results: The research revealed some unique structural personal characteristics of social media users who exhibit excessive immersion in online communication. If social media users with these unique characteristics undergo psychological prevention, the process of forming and developing their agency can be optimized. Conclusion: Psychological prevention aimed at low self-refl ection and high susceptibility to manipulation, combined with low sociability indicators, can create more optimal conditions for the development of agency in young people functioning in online environments. Practical implications: The data presented in this study can be applied in planning and implementation of psychological prevention and personal development programs for university students. These programs aim to increase their ability to critically evaluate information that is disseminated in social media and infl uences their value orientations and moral and social meanings.

Episodic simulation effectively promotes an individual's willingness to help, and temporal distance can influence an individual's mental representation and reaction. However, the effect of episodic simulation on pro-social behavior at different temporal distances has not been explored, and this perspective is crucial to understand how episodic simulation can more efficiently promote individuals' pro-social behavior. The present study examined how episodic simulation and temporal distances promote pro-social behavior and its scope of applications. Experiment 1 (N = 200) used a two-factor experimental design to explore how episodic simulation and temporal distance (near: after 1 day vs. far: after 1 year) interacted to influence willingness to help and donation behavior. Experiment 2 (N = 335) employed a mixed experimental design to examine the interactive effects of episodic simulation and temporal distance on willingness to help and donation behavior among individuals with different social value orientations (pro-self orientation vs. pro-social orientation). The two experiments used a 7-point scale of willingness to help people and the amount of money donated to charity as indicators of pro-social behavior. The results showed that willingness to help and subsequent donation behavior were significantly higher after initiating the episodic simulation. Individuals matched with the far temporal distance condition (compared to the near temporal distance condition) had a significantly increased willingness to help and donation behavior. Notably, episodic simulation and far temporal distance significantly enhanced the donation behavior of individuals with a pro-self orientation but not of those with a pro-social orientation. The matching of episodic simulation and distant temporal distance facilitated the production of pro-social behavior, especially for individuals with low helping tendencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fulfilling corporate social responsibility (CSR) is crucial for society's sustainable development. Executives' academic experience significantly affects their awareness of social responsibility, value orientation, professional ability, and network resources. Thus, it is critical in CSR-related corporate decision-making. This paper explores the impact of executives' academic experience on the fulfillment of CSR. It focuses on non-financial, Special treatment enterprises (ST), and ST* enterprises listed in the A-share market from 2012 to 2021. It utilizes a fixed-effects analysis model to examine the relationship between executives' academic experience and CSR fulfillment. The CSR score and executives' academic experience were positively correlated. This paper also explores the intermediary role of compensation incentives and the moderating effect of marketization level. Both compensation incentives and the level of marketization positively moderated the relationship between executives' academic experience and CSR fulfillment. Meanwhile, the robustness results showed that the experimental findings still held after replacing the explained and explanatory variables. This paper contributes to the advancement of the Upper Echelons Theory and provides empirical evidence for the society's sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public support is critical for the incorporation of farm animal welfare (FAW) standards into national food policies. Multiple pathways, e.g., market-based policies, political mandates, and donations to animal charities, exist for the public to influence these standards. The challenge often remains that citizens may express significantly different regulatory preferences from consumers thereby disproportionally overburdening the latter. For food, this consumer–citizen role is directly linked to dietary choice. Although a large body of research has examined the determinants of dietary choice on the one hand, and FAW policy preferences, on the other, no attempt has been made to address these issues side by side. This study explores the preferences for FAW regulatory mechanisms and strategic behavior among dietary groups. Preferences for private labeling, political mandates, and donations to charities in support of and against conventional agriculture are examined. Data are from an online survey of 1020 residents conducted in the US. The results show a proclivity among segments of the public who do not consume livestock products for political mandates and the tendency to behave strategically. Regulatory preferences are embedded within distinct human value orientations. Urban—non-urban, generational and gender divides in regulatory preferences are also identified. These insights are relevant for the ongoing development of FAW standards given the portfolio of mechanisms at the disposal of stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hate crimes are widespread in Hong Kong society. Foreign domestic helpers working in Hong Kong also experience unfair agenda-setting by the media due to their dual economic and social disadvantages, and the media tries to portray them in a hostile social role. At the same time, the media creates negative social images of minority groups through news coverage, which leads to an increase in social hate crimes against them. This study used WiseSearch, a Chinese newspaper collection and analysis platform, to explore how Hong Kong news media use news themes and content to create a negative image of Hong Kong foreign domestic helpers in order to understand the media origins of hate crimes against Hong Kong foreign domestic helpers. Ultimately, the study found that local news media in Hong Kong are more inclined to cover the legal disputes of foreign domestic helpers in the agenda-setting process. In addition, they are more likely to associate foreign domestic helpers with "fear" rather than "rest assured." The study also found that because of the news value orientation, Hong Kong media tended to treat foreign domestic helpers as outsiders and less sympathetically when writing news stories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stand-alone solar panel orientation (tilt and azimuth angles) for potential locations in builtup urban areas, significantly influences the level of insolation received by the panel. One way to maximize energy production involves finding the optimal orientation for each location to ensure the highest insolation for a certain number of solar panels in urban areas. The general rule used in practice is to orient the panels towards the south and calculate the horizontal tilt angle based on the latitude. However, in built-up urban areas, a more comprehensive analysis of other factors is needed, such as solar radiation levels, weather data, and shading cast by nearby buildings. In this research, a parametric approach aimed at determining the optimal orientation of stand-alone solar panels for a predefined set of potential locations is designed. Input parameters are the geometry of nearby buildings, solar panel shape, and weather data for the urban location. The approach's adaptability to different geographic locations and urban environments is achieved by adjusting input data. Comparative analysis between insolation values with the optimal orientation of solar panels and those commonly employed in practice is used for evaluation. The proposed approach is applied to determine the tilt and azimuth angles of fixed stand-alone solar panels in urban courtyards in order to improve decisions regarding the distribution of solar panels in urban planning practice. This study examines solar panel insolation in simplified geometrical representations of some urban areas with courtyards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Volunteering involves caring for the outcomes of others and typically long-term orientation so that one can achieve goals that are not always clearly visible in the short term. As with any activity, volunteering attracts people of different social value orientations—some rather individualistic, some rather altruistic. The aim of the study was to find out whether the future time perspective, which promotes thinking about future goals and planning, is linked to volunteers' declarations of the probability of them continuing volunteering in a month, year, and three years and whether this link is moderated by social value orientation. An online questionnaire-based study was performed on a sample of 245 volunteers. The results indicated that the higher the social value orientation, the greater the predicted probability of continuing volunteering. Future time perspective was related to the predicted probability of continuing volunteering in all investigated time horizons only when volunteers had a more individualistic than altruistic social value orientation. Younger age and longer experience with volunteering were also linked to the predicted probability of continuing volunteering in a year and three years (but not in one month). The results show the importance of social value orientation and future time perspective for more individualistic volunteers in their willingness to volunteer further. The study has practical implications for organizations' management, who should consider developing cooperation skills in their volunteers. For competitive volunteers, they may also highlight how challenges could make an impact in the future so that they intend to remain active. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthcare professional and students are one of the professional categories vulnerable to stress, anxiety, depression and burnout, and mindfulness-based interventions are used to reduce distress and vulnerability (Lomas et al., 2018; Parcover et al., 2018). A psychological construct also relevant for the well-being is emotional intelligence (Uchino et al., 2015). This article presents the results of an existing intervention, combining mindfulness techniques and emotional intelligence exercises (Mindfulness based emotional intelligence intervention - MBEIT, Ciarrochi & Godsell, 2006), used in small medical student's sample, in order to advocate the use of this brief intervention for medical students in educational settings. The structure of the intervention follows the dimensions of psychological flexibility construct, with a time frame of two hours for each dimension: 'Effective emotional orientation', 'Mindfulness and Emotional Awareness', 'Defusing from unhelpful rules or evaluations', 'Effective values orientation'. The results of intervention show moderate effect size for the increase of emotional intelligence and of the psychological flexibility (emotional awareness, mindfulness and committed action). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding drivers of farmers' extractive and non-extractive behavior regarding natural resources has become increasingly important in the face of anthropogenic climatic change, which is a major challenge in today's world. Non-extractive behavior on the farm refers to the use of natural resources to the extent that it is possible to renew the context and not harm nature and non-renewable resources. Extractive behavior on the farm is associated with the extensive extraction of natural resources without provision for their renewal such as digging deeper wells instead of using water optimally, using chemical fertilizers with more repetition and higher dosage instead of the bio-fertilizers, and as a later result more climate change. To successfully respond human-made climate change using a cognitive hierarchy model, the influence of values on belief and behavior was assessed by a survey method among farmers of Zanjan province, Iran. A representative sample of 265 farmers was surveyed using proportional randomized multi-stage sampling. The results revealed that value orientation significantly elucidated 21% of the variability in non-extractive behavior and 26% of extractive behavior variance in a direct way and through beliefs in climate change. The recommendations have been presented to increase farmer's efforts to reduce their ecological footprint in nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of People & Nature is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation: Zeitschrift für Angewandte Organisationspsychologie (GIO) is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article analyzes the global development of democracy since the 1990s. The theoretical introduction is followed by a descriptive analysis of several indices of political support based on survey results for 89 countries that participated at least twice in the World Values Survey (WVS) or the European Values Study (EVS). The analysis focuses on emancipative value orientations measured by Welzel's Choice Index and several indicators of political support. The scores of these indicators are broken down by five regime types and seven world regions. The results confirm that the global decline of democratic quality since the mid-2000s has not been as dramatic as the pessimistic analyses of Freedom House and the V-Dem project have claimed. It has primarily taken place in a limited number of populous countries on which these publications have focused. When countries are treated equally, the quality of democracy has remained remarkably stable since the early 1990s. Emancipative values are globally on the rise, but their increase has been considerably higher in the established democracies. This supports the skeptical argument that they cannot be considered as the major cause of the third wave of democratization. The descriptive analysis is complemented by regression analyses for confidence in regime institutions and support for democracy as dependent variables. The evaluation of democratic regime performance is the strongest predictor of confidence in regime institutions. An intrinsic conception of democracy and the importance assigned to living in a democracy have the strongest influence on support for democracy. Emancipative value orientations have a minor influence on political support even in consolidated democracies. Finally, the analysis does not confirm the suspected relationship between the different levels of political support. Easton's theory of political support assumed that they mutually influence each other via a generalization of experiences or an overflow of values. Instead, it seems that confidence in regime institutions and support for democracy follow different cognitive logics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding peoples' values and beliefs relating to wildlife is important in regions where human wildlife conflict is prevalent. This study investigated wildlife value orientations (WVO) among subsistence farmers in Bhutan. We explored WVOs and how they shape peoples' attitudes toward wildlife using 48 semi-structured interviews and 8 focus group discussions in four districts. A qualitative thematic analysis of this data revealed alignment with seven WVOs identified from the literature. Most respondents showed positive WVOs related to widely held Buddhist beliefs; however, negative WVOs were dominant amongst herders, whose livelihoods were most affected by wildlife. This leads to personal and community dissonance between societal religious beliefs and WVOs. Policies that address HWC should capitalize on positive societal beliefs and WVOs but recognize that herders will need a particular focus to overcome negative WVOs. Policies need to be redesigned to avoid future negative impacts on people, livelihoods, and conservation objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People often make less risky decisions for themselves than others. We examined how people allocated risks (i.e., determining the ratio of uncertain outcomes to certain outcomes) between themselves and others. We also investigated gain (vs. loss) domain and social value orientation as predictors of risk allocations. The results of three experiments demonstrated that participants were more likely to share their risks equally between themselves and others than distribute risk unequally. In the gain (vs. loss) domain, participants allocated fewer risks to themselves and more risks to the other person for unequal risk allocations. Compared to proselfs, prosocials were more likely to allocate risks equally. We also found stronger domain effects on unequal risk allocations for proselfs than for prosocials. Therefore, our findings clarify the effects of risk distribution, domain, and social value orientation on interpersonal allocation decisions and highlight equal risk distribution between oneself and others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2019, Zolgensma, a gene therapy for patients suffering from Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA), became famous for being 'the most expensive drug ever'. Its high price was justified by 'the value' that the drug will bring to patients and society, illustrating a rationale that has come to be known as value-based pricing. This paper builds on the literature in valuation studies and economic sociology, and on the debates that the case of Zolgensma triggered in France, to provide a conceptual and empirical analysis of a value-based formulation of prices. We argue that formulating prices out of value produces an orientation towards the future which has epistemic and political consequences. We analyse Zolgensma's value-based price as a composite of narratives and calculations that operates as a regulatory tool, a contractual arrangement, and an object of expertise. In these different settings, its distinctive temporality questions the commensurability of estimated benefits and desirable futures, the treatment of uncertainty, and the relevance of past costs and future value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times, there has been a growing interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices that focus on employees, with an increasing emphasis on investigating employees' experiences of CSR in relation to their happiness. The purpose of this study is to explore employee‐centric CSR initiatives with the aim of identifying the elements stimulating happiness at work (HAW). To accomplish this, we adopt a non‐linear and data‐driven approach to analyze self‐reported data from 441 employees across 21 small and medium‐sized enterprises spanning various industries. The analysis brings to light 5 E(lements) of employee‐centric CSR: envisioning, related to personal and organizational value orientation; equity, related to definition and distribution of rewards; empowerment, related to career development and professional growth; experimentation, related to innovative tasks and organizational forms; and empathy, related to a supportive workplace and coworkers' network. These 5 E(lements) serve as stimuli for HAW in different ways: envisioning, empowerment, and experimentation play a major role in promoting employees' happiness and underscore the importance of initiatives related to shared values, inclusivity, and innovative work practices. Thus, this study sheds light on the influence of employee‐centric CSR in promoting HAW and on effective strategies that may contribute to achieving Sustainable Development Goals targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Properties with specific orientations are preferred in South Korea, depending on the real estate market. This preference is usually considered during property transactions and in designing buildings. Despite the importance of property orientation, the magnitude of preference for favored orientation has rarely been empirically estimated in the literature. This study attempts to estimate the value of favored orientation in a quantitative manner and interpret the results. Design/methodology/approach: Using a geographically weighted regression model, this study obtains nationwide property price data and estimates the strength of orientation preference, that is, the premium for favored orientation. Among the various property types, residential sites and forests were investigated because the orientation of these two property types is known to influence their sales prices in the Korean real estate market. Findings: The results show that premiums for south-facing residential sites exist in the market, varying locally and ranging from zero to 13.2%, over residential sites with non-south orientations. The results for forests are mixed in that a south-facing forest commands a maximum of 33.1% premium in a certain region, over a forest with a non-south direction, while it also commands a maximum of 33.8% negative premium (discount) in another region, indicating significant local variations in premiums. Originality/value: These findings are expected to be utilized in fields such as property valuation, house architecture and design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studying heroism in controlled settings presents challenges and ethical controversies due to its association with physical risk. Leveraging virtual reality (VR) technology, we conducted a three-study series with 397 participants from China to investigate heroic actions. Participants unexpectedly witnessed a criminal event in a simulated scenario, allowing observation of their tendency to physically intercept a thief. We examined situational factors (voluntariness, authority, and risk) and personal variables [gender, impulsivity, empathy, and social value orientation (SVO)] that may influence heroism. Also, the potential association between heroism and social conformity was explored. In terms of situational variables, voluntariness modulated participants' tendency to intercept the escaping thief, while perceived risk demonstrated its impact by interacting with gender. That is, in study 3 where the perceived risk was expected to be higher (as supported by an online study 5), males exhibited a greater inclination toward heroic behavior compared to females. Regarding other personal variables, the tendency to engage in heroic behavior decreased as empathy levels rose among males, whereas the opposite trend was observed for females. SVO influenced heroic behavior but without a gender interaction. Finally, an inverse relationship between heroism and social conformity was observed. The robustness of these findings was partly supported by the Chinese sample (but not the international sample) of an online study 4 that provided written descriptions of VR scenarios, indicating cultural variations. These results advance insights into motivational factors influencing heroism in the context of restoring order and highlight the power of VR technology in examining social psychological hypotheses beyond ethical constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anonymous encounter cooperation is very common in human behavior. While different types of SVO affect cooperation, the effects on encounter collaboration have not been systematically studied. Here, we experimentally uncover the mechanisms underlying this behavior with SVO. Current study recruited 688 college students from southwest China, through social media and campus online forums. The participants' average age was 21.4 years (SD = 2.05). During the experiment, the researchers manipulated group identity (dialect paradigm) and induced emotions (by showing a short movie). Participants completed measurements of SVO (using a social value orientation slider scale), social projection (using the false consensus paradigm), and initial cooperation (by playing a one-shot Prisoner's Dilemma game). The results showed that SVO, social projection, and cooperation were positively associated. Mediation analyses indicated that social projection partly mediated the effect of SVO on cooperation. Moreover, the relationship between SVO and social projection was moderated by emotion and group identity. The findings suggest that when relying solely on intuition to make judgments, a person's prosocial personality determines their decision to cooperate or not, based on heuristic information. Overall, this study strengthens the conceptual model of SVO and enhances our understanding of unexpected collaboration in some contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social decisions are influenced by a person's social preferences. High psychopathy is defined by antisocial behaviour, but the relationship between psychopathy and social preferences remains unclear. In this study, we used a battery of economic games to study social decision-making and social preferences in relation to psychopathy in a sample of 35 male prison inmates, who were arrested for sexual and severe violent offenses (mean age = 39 years). We found no evidence for a relationship between social preferences (measured with the Dictator and Ultimatum Games, Social Value Orientation, and one-shot 2 × 2 games) and psychopathy (measured by the overall Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised score and both factors). These results are surprising but also difficult to interpret due to the small sample size. Our results contribute to the ongoing debate about psychopathy and social decision-making by providing crucial data that can be combined with future datasets to reach large sample sizes that can provide a more nuanced understanding about the relationship between psychopathy and social preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Understanding what drives differences in values toward wild meat is important for developing legislation and behavioral change campaigns that promote sustainable use. Value orientations (VOs) underly behavior. VOs are influenced by personal (e.g., gender, generation), social (e.g., media, family), location (e.g., rural versus urban), and experience determinants. In Guyana, an ethnic diverse nation in South America, the national hunting laws have recently been instated. The wildlife management agency is rolling out a behavioral change campaign in collaboration with a sustainable use initiative. To support this campaign, we evaluated VOs toward wild meat across Guyana. Methods: Applying Multiple Correspondence Analysis and generalized linear models to data from interviews, we examined location, personal, and societal determinants for their influence on these VOs and explored how VOs translated into behavior, specifically wild meat consumption frequency. Results: Location (Indigenous and coastal: rural, town, urban), intertwined with ethnicity, and gender showed the strongest associations with variation in VOs. Respondents from Indigenous territories expressed mostly positive VOs compared to coastal Guyanese. Women expressed more neutral or negative, and more negative biocentric VOs compared to men, and this difference was largest among Indigenous but non-existent in urban sites. Negative anthropocentric VOs toward wild meat consistently grouped together and dominated among those not consuming wild meat. Highest consumption was seen among those expressing positive materialistic VOs. Positive anthropocentric VOs were associate with intermediate consumption frequencies and most typical for men. Those expressing negative values toward wild meat based on biocentric orientations toward wildlife consumed wild meat, but rarely. Discussion: Our results direct behavioral change efforts to men on the coast who consume wild meat for enjoyment at bars, restaurants, or family events. Based on our study, positive messaging promoting the coexistence between consumption of mostly resilient species and caring about wildlife would be well-received to support sustainable use policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We advance prior work on prosocial behavior by examining the situations in which prosocial motives are more likely to influence helping behavior. Building on the arousal:cost‐reward model and the self‐discrepancy theory, we test the moderating effects of help request framing (benevolent vs. economic) and contextual costs of helping on the relationship between social value orientation (SVO) and helping behavior. In two experimental studies, we found evidence that prosocial individuals are more likely to help than proselfs especially when it is more costly to do so. Similarly, prosocial individuals help more when requests are framed in terms of benevolence but not when they are framed as an exchange. These findings suggest that prosocial motives foster helping when it is more challenging to do so—that is, when help seekers do not have much to offer in return as well as in costly situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In writing training, cultivating audience awareness is one of the key elements to break through writing bottlenecks. Common problems such as weak question awareness, lack of logical argumentation, and inconsistency in the flow of the text may be related to the absence of audience awareness. This course integrates the cultivation of reader awareness into various stages of writing training. During the topic selection phase, self-assessment forms are introduced to prompt students to ask valuable questions by considering preset audience of their articles. In the analysis and argumentation phase debating sessions are incorporated to encourage students to explore issues from the perspective of audience, adjust their arguments accordingly, and ensure accuracy in their arguments. Upon completing of the initial draft, presentation and peer review allow students to assume the dual role of author and audience comprehensively assessing audience awareness in the articles and providing standards for revision. Through several role reversals between author and audience students transcend the limitations of their authorial identity, thus fostering audience awareness. Cultivating audience awareness not only aids in optimizing writing, but also holds significant importance in improving research perspectives enriching research methods and enlightening research value orientations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The over and misuse of antimicrobials in animal agriculture causes a prevailing crisis for humans, animals, and the environment. From the One Health approach perspective, the formation process of adopting prudent antimicrobial use (AMU), once established, can be used to mitigate this crisis. The study aimed to determine the analytic‐based and heuristic‐based process that evoked prudent AMU among animal farmers by synthesis of stimulus‐organism‐response framework and dual‐system theory and to explore gender differences on risk–benefit trade‐offs. A structural equation model was employed to test the proposed hypotheses with field survey data from 1100 small‐scale farmers. The results reveal that for the analytic‐based process, social influence, antimicrobial‐related threats, and self‐efficacy are all salient stimuli having indirect effects on intention via the two organisms of perceived risks and perceived benefits. For heuristic‐based process, farmers' altruistic value orientations are positively associated with intention. An interesting fact is that threat awareness has two opposite effects on intention, namely, the suppression effect and the enhancement effect. Moreover, the negative effect of perceived risks on intention is greater among female farmers, compared to male counterparts. These findings provide valuable insights for the forming of theory‐based intervention strategies to perfect China's national action plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article delves into the structural aspects of patriotism as a universal value within the value system of Russian student youth. It aims to pinpoint and analyze practical manifestations of patriotism among this demographic. The relevance of this study is underscored by several factors: the presence of various external threats that necessitate a strong societal cohesion, with patriotism serving as a key factor in achieving this; and the ongoing efforts in contemporary Russia to reinforce traditional values, including patriotism, making it crucial to understand how these values are embraced by student youth. The authors of the article aim to analyze the ways in which patriotic values are expressed among Russian student youth. They utilize empirical data gathered from completed questionnaires by first-year students who participated in the competition "Facts of Russian Statehood." By examining these materials, the researchers seek to identify and generalize the specific features of how patriotism is manifested among this demographic. The authors highlight the features of the patriotic manifestation among students in the content aspect (patriotism is a broad category), associative (patriotism is a multi-level concept), and activity (patriotism has a clear practical content).

Some people contribute ideas for prosocial reasons in crowdsourcing; others do so for selfish reasons. Extending the theory of motivated information processing, the research posits that prosocial and proself individuals respond differently to reward structures in crowd idea generation. Two online experiments measured participants' prosocial versus proself orientation and manipulated whether participants received a competitive or cooperative reward structure. Study 2 also manipulated whether participants viewed an original or a common peer idea. Proselfs produced more ideas when receiving competitive rewards; the idea generation of prosocials was not affected by the reward structure. This interaction effect was mediated by task effort and moderated the impact of peer ideas. Proselfs generated the most ideas when viewing an original peer idea and receiving competitive rewards; this effect was not observed for prosocials. The study contributes to crowdsourcing research by demonstrating that participants' response to reward structures depends on their social value orientation. The implication is that crowdsourcing organizers should design tasks and rewards so they motivate participants with both prosocial and proself orientations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes approaches to value orientations study in Russian and foreign psychology. The definition of value orientations based on the reflection, activity, activity, determinism principles has been clarified. The features of the approach to the value orientations study in Russian psychology are represented by three directions – philosophical, concrete-scientific and psychological. The features of the value orientations study in foreign psychology have been presented, where the main attention is paid to the problems of personality typology on the basis of its value orientations and their role in the activity motivation. Each person is guided by what is considered by him as important, essential, and strives to achieve what acquires for him subjective value. Within the framework of general psychology and personality psychology, we always mean individually significant values, on which a person is oriented, – value orientations. A refined definition of value orientations as a mental dimension of the reflected objective reality in the form of subjective significance of its components, which is analyzed in the directionality of the subject’s activity and structured in accordance with the level of its spiritual and moral component, has been given.

The article presents the results of exploring value and life-purpose orientations along with self-actualisation of studying youth. Two groups of students were identified according to the hierarchical structure of value orientations that have different features of life-purpose orientations and aspects of self-actualisation. The study was conducted on the basis of the State University of Social Sciences and Humanities. A large number of students of the humanities specialties participated in it. The analysis of values was performed with the methodology of value orientations proposed by M. Rokeach, the analysis of self-actualisation aspects – with a self-actualisation test suggested by L.Y. Gozman, M.V. Kroz and M.V. Latiskaya. The examination of life-purpose orientations was based on the test of life-purpose orientations developed by D. A. Leontiev. It was empirically proved that value orientations being a general meaningfulness of life are associated with its perception as a holistic process and with such features of self-actualisation as goals, beliefs, attitudes, and principles. Consequently, in the first group of students, behaviour and values depended on external evaluation and guidance, and due to the fact that attitudes to values are formed at a given time and in certain conditions, students being the subjects cannot control their life. The second group of students realises the phenomenon of self-actualisation as independence, the desire to follow their own values in life and behaviour, which are integrated into the personality structure, and the youth being the subjects can exercise this control.

Рассматривается проблема качества профессиональной подготовки средовых дизайнеров, выраженная в отсутствии у студентов личностно-смыслового включения в профессиональную деятельность. Анализируются причины, оказывающие влияние на уровень смыслообразования и целеполагания в процессе обучения средовому дизайну в высшей школе. Охарактеризованы пути осмысления и формирования профессиональной идентичности. Установлено, что усилению смысловой компоненты в системе профессиональной подготовки средовых дизайнеров в вузе способствует моделирование образа самого себя в будущей профессии в контексте личностных характеристик, имеющегося опыта у студентов и перспективного видения. Выявлены механизмы профессионального смыслообразования, приводящие в действие сущностные силы человека на формирование личностных качеств, социальной активности и способности к самостоятельному целеполаганию и готовности к самореализации в сфере дизайна. Определены положения методики обучения средовому дизайну, эффективно формирующие у студентов мотивационные установки в получении профессии и саморазвитии своих профессиональных умений и навыков. Описаны условия личностно ориентированного обучения студентов – будущих средовых дизайнеров с учетом смыслообразования.

Street-level Bureaucrats are bureaucrats who are at the forefront of implementing programs or policies. Their duties and functions are diverse, and based on their duties, they are expected to improve the welfare of community by implementing policies and assisting the public in services. They play an important role in policy implementation and have a strong influence on policy outcomes. This study aims to determine the value orientation of street-level bureaucrats and their attitudes toward beneficiaries in the implementation of the Non-cash Food Assistance Program. The research method uses a Mix Methods research design with a dominant scheme in a qualitative approach. The research focus areas are: (a) value orientation of street-level bureaucrats and (b) attitude of street-level bureaucrats toward beneficiaries. The total population of the study was 1916 and after calculations using a certain formula, a research sample of 95 individuals was obtained. Based on the results of the study, it is known that the value orientation of street-level bureaucrats stands out for social or cooperative orientation, while their attitude toward beneficiaries is positive so that in carrying out their duties they do not do much discretionary action. The research recommendation is that officers must always update beneficiary data and carry out external supervision in distributing aid. In addition to using mixed methods, it is also expected to conduct research using a quantitative approach to understand the effect of value orientation and attitudes on the effectiveness of program implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects bullying has on victims' mental, emotional, and physical well-being depend on the coping strategies applied. As coping can be influenced by the environment in which it occurs, scholars have started to explore differences in coping across cultural contexts. However, qualitative research on the role of culture in coping with bullying victimization and social representations of bullies remains scarce. This study compares the coping strategies of US and Thai students with help of 28 in-depth interviews and 60 autobiographical written reflections. Findings revealed several differences in coping across groups. Thai students often tried to stay connected with the bully and felt guilty expressing anger. They assigned less responsibility and intention to the bully. This was only the case among US students if the bully was young. While Thai students laughed along to fit in, US students laughed off bullies to demonstrate that they did not care. Thai students regularly blamed themselves and tried to adapt their appearance and behavior. Whereas US students stressed how bullying helped them to become more resilient, Thai students highlighted increased tolerance. The possible role of culture in coping with bullying victimization, particularly of collectivist and individualistic cultural value orientations, as well as the role of social representations of bullies, is being discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of the study is to conduct an analysis of the current state of social activity fostering of future specialists in physical education and sports in a health-preserving environment with the possibility of using social networks by teachers during mixed and distance forms of education. Materials and Methods: The research was conducted during 2022-2023 of the Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Municipal Establishment «Kharkiv Humanitarian Pedagogical Academy» of Kharkiv Regional Council, Poltava State Medical University. There were 320 respondents involved in the experimental work majors 014 «Secondary Education (Physical Culture)», 017 «Physical Culture and Sports» and 227 «Therapy and Rehabilitation». Research methods: theoretical, empirical, methods of statistical data processing. Results: Education of students' social activity is carried out not only during studies, but also in extracurricular, leisure activities. Educational hours, beauty and health festivals, flash mobs and social projects have been introduced by group advisors in higher education institutions: «My value orientations», «Olympic week», «I am for a healthy lifestyle», «Believe in yourself» festival, «Beauty and health», «Respect by action» training, holding student and student leagues «JuniorS Games» and others. Conclusions: With the help of Google Forms, we determined the motives and interests in various types of physical activity and sports, the attitude of student youth to the organization of the educational process on various online platforms using various social networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]