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The tannery is one of the leading revenue-generating sectors in developing countries. The ever-increasing demand for leather products in the global market requires converting large amounts of rawhide/skins into resilient non-putrescible finished leather. Only 20% of the raw material is converted into a finished product; the rest 80% is discarded as solid and liquid wastes during leather processing. A heavy discharge of improperly treated solid tannery waste (STW) causes a severe impact on the surrounding environment by polluting soil, surface water, and groundwater resources, posing severe hazards to human and animal health. STW comprises proteinaceous untanned and tanned waste, which requires proper treatment for eco-friendly disposal. Several strategies have been developed over the years for the reduction and recycling of STW for producing renewable energy (biogas and biohydrogen), biofuels (biodiesel and briquettes), construction material, fertilizers, commercial products (adsorbents, animal feeds, proteins, fats, and enzymes), and biodegradable packaging and non-packaging materials. In this review, we discuss various strategies adopted for recycling, reutilization, and reduction of STW in an environment-friendly manner. Furthermore, an overview of the current perspectives toward achieving a zero-waste policy is also presented to reduce the environmental burden using green-clean technology to aid the survival of present-day tanneries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the effect of brown seaweed coating on the quality of reef cod (E. diacanthus) fillets stored under refrigeration. Treatments: T1 (control) air packaging, T2 (vacuum packaging), T3 (air packaging + 2% brown seaweed coating) and T4(vacuum+2% brown seaweed coating). TVB-N, TMA-N, PV, TBA value showing sign of deterioration increased during refrigerated storage. Biochemical values were relatively higher in reef cod fillets stored in air pack followed by vacuum packing. This coating showed the higher antioxidant and preservative effects with vacuum packed. E.coil and S.aureus was not detected in any of the samples. Among all treatments, T4 was the most effective one to inhibit the biochemical microbial and sensory spoilage process. Overall, brown seaweed extract coating (2%, w/v) and vacuum packaging showed a synergistic effect for shelf life extension. Brown seaweed extract has the potential to explore as a natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agent for preserving of reef cod fillet during refrigerated storage for extended shelf life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present study aimed to evaluate the changes in proximate composition and physical attributes in brown shrimp (Metapenaeus dobsonii) exposed to different methods of cooking followed by freezing. For this, three different grades (100/200, 200/300, and 300/500 numbers per kg) of brown shrimp were cooked at 90°C till the core temperature of the product reaches 85°C using hot water, steam, and microwave (400W) techniques. The changes in yield, cooking loss, proximate composition, textural, and colour profile were assessed for cooked shrimps. The cooking loss was higher for larger grades of shrimp, whereas shrimp cooked using hot water exhibited the highest cooking loss. Lowest cooking loss was observed for microwave-cooked shrimp. Moisture content decreased after cooking whereas protein, fat, ash, and calorie content increased. After cooking, different grades of shrimp showed an increase in their lightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*) values. The smaller grade shrimp exhibited lower value for cohesiveness, hardness, chewiness, and gumminess. Different cooking techniques yielded cooked shrimp of varying hardness values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aberrant chromosome segregation defects can lead to aneuploidy, a common characteristic of human solid tumors. Aneuploidy is generated due to defects in the mitotic spindle or due to inefficient mitotic checkpoint response. We have isolated a novel mutant allele of wat1, a WD repeat containing protein that exhibits conditional synthetic lethality with chk1 knock out. We observed only a marginal decrease in the level of α tubulin protein level in wat1-17 mutants after prolong exposure at semi permissive temperature. Interestingly the protein level of α-tubulin was reduced in the chk1Δ wat1-17 double mutant at 18°C with defective microtubule structure. Consistent with loss of microtubule structure in the chk1 deletion background, the double mutant of wat1-17 chk1Δ was hypersensitive to the microtubule destabilizing agent TBZ suggesting severe defects in microtubule integrity in wat1-17 mutant in the absence of Chk1. Combination of wat1-17 with the chk1 deletion also aggravates the defects in the maintenance of genome ploidy. The mutation in wat1-17 was mapped to Cys 233 that was changed to tyrosine. Based on the molecular modeling studies, we hypothesize that the substitution of the bulky Tyr residue at Cys233 position in wat1-17 mutant results in conformational changes. This in turn can affect its intercations with other interacting partners and perturb the overall functions of the Wat1 protein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aberrant chromosome segregation defects can lead to aneuploidy, a common characteristic of human solid tumors. Aneuploidy is generated due to defects in the mitotic spindle or due to inefficient mitotic checkpoint response. We have isolated a novel mutant allele of wat1, a WD repeat containing protein that exhibits conditional synthetic lethality with chk1 knock out. We observed only a marginal decrease in the level of α tubulin protein level in wat1-17 mutants after prolong exposure at semi permissive temperature. Interestingly the protein level of α-tubulin was reduced in the chk1Δ wat1-17 double mutant at 18°C with defective microtubule structure. Consistent with loss of microtubule structure in the chk1 deletion background, the double mutant of wat1-17 chk1Δ was hypersensitive to the microtubule destabilizing agent TBZ suggesting severe defects in microtubule integrity in wat1-17 mutant in the absence of Chk1. Combination of wat1-17 with the chk1 deletion also aggravates the defects in the maintenance of genome ploidy. The mutation in wat1-17 was mapped to Cys 233 that was changed to tyrosine. Based on the molecular modeling studies, we hypothesize that the substitution of the bulky Tyr residue at Cys233 position in wat1-17 mutant results in conformational changes. This in turn can affect its intercations with other interacting partners and perturb the overall functions of the Wat1 protein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]