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Aging brings changes in body composition that involve the gradual loss of lean mass and increase in fat mass. Vitamin A intake and status might influence adiposity in young people. However, the Brazilian elderly have a high prevalence of inadequate intake of this vitamin. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the usual intake of vitamin A and the body composition of the elderly in the community. This is a cross-sectional study carried out with men and women aged equal or over 60 years who actively participate in the community. Anthropometric assessments were performed (weight, height, waist and calf circumference), body composition assessment by bioelectrical impedance, and food intake assessment using a 24-hour recall. About 88.7% of the sample were above the adequate percentage of body fat. No correlation was found between the intake of vitamin A (μg/R.A.E) and a body composition of the elderly. Inadequate consumption of vitamins A (> 90%), in addition to vitamin B6 and minerals such as calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, copper and selenium (> 80%), was also observed. A high inadequacy of dietary intake of vitamin A was found in the elderly, which might be associated with excessive body fat indices in the studied sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gériatrie et Psychologie Neuropsychiatrie du Vieillissement is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a major marker of aging, and alterations in the structure or content of cardiolipin (CL), a phospholipid unique to mitochondria, are thought to contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased physical performance. Exercise induces upregulation of CL levels and improves physical fitness, however, current studies reported in the literature addressing the effects of exercise interventions on cardiolipin biosynthesis are inconsistent, and the improved outcomes of different intervention protocols and cycles are controversial. Therefore, a systematic evaluation and meta-analysis were performed in this study to evaluate the effect of exercise training on CL biosynthesis. A literature search based on electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SPORT Discus, and EBSCO host) was performed and the final literature was identified based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Review Manager 5.4.1 was used to evaluate the quality of the literature based on the Cochrane bias risk assessment tool and meta-analysis was performed, and Stata 17.0 software was used for sensitivity analysis. A total of 1037 articles were screened, of which 8 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The results of the fixed-effects meta-analysis showed that exercise significantly promoted CL biosynthesis compared to pre-intervention (SMD:0.62, 95%CI: 0.30–0.94). In subgroup analysis, the duration of exercise < 16 weeks (SMD: 0.67, 95%CI: 0.09–1.25) and ≥ 16 weeks (SMD: 0.60, 95%CI: 0.21–0.98), single exercise intervention (SMD: 0.69, 95%CI: 0.30–1.08) and combined exercise and calorie restriction intervention (SMD: 0.74, 95%CI: 0.16–1.33) all had significant promoting effects on CL biosynthesis. The findings of this study indicate that exercise training can significantly increases human skeletal muscle CL levels regardless of the duration of exercise or the type of exercise intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ambiguity is ubiquitous in language; lexical ambiguity refers to instances where a single word has multiple meanings. The current investigation examined homonyms, words that have the same orthography and pronunciation in English but multiple meanings (e.g., BANK, meaning "financial institution" or "river's edge"). The processing of homonyms requires the engagement of executive control processes, for example, to select the appropriate meaning of the homonym while reducing interference from other meanings. Executive function processes are known to change over the lifespan and may be impacted by experiential factors such as bilingualism. The present study uses event-related brain potentials as an index of lexical access to examine whether bilingualism influences homonym processing in older adults. The results indicate that patterns of lexical access differ as a function of bilingual status in older adults and compared to young adults, suggesting that language experience may moderate language processing in both young and older adults, at least in situations where language processing is demanding on executive function, such as in the processing of homonyms. Importantly, we show that older bilinguals show a somewhat similar pattern of ambiguity processing as their younger counterparts, while age differences were observed in monolinguals when comparing across studies. This suggests that bilingual language experience may have a mitigating impact on age-related changes in ambiguity processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gériatrie et Psychologie Neuropsychiatrie du Vieillissement is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gériatrie et Psychologie Neuropsychiatrie du Vieillissement is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gériatrie et Psychologie Neuropsychiatrie du Vieillissement is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Résumé: L'auteur s'appuie sur des données de panel relatives à 11 pays d'Amérique latine au cours de la période 2002‐2019 pour étudier la théorie de la «quantité fixe de travail» à l'heure du vieillissement démographique. Ses estimations, issues d'un modèle à effets fixes, révèlent l'existence d'une corrélation positive entre le taux d'emploi des seniors et celui des jeunes, de même qu'entre la rémunération des seniors et celle des jeunes. Ces résultats laissent penser qu'une hausse de l'emploi des seniors est favorable à la croissance économique, d'où une augmentation des besoins de main‐d'œuvre, lesquels peuvent être pourvus par la jeune génération. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gériatrie et Psychologie Neuropsychiatrie du Vieillissement is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article examines an understudied dimension of transnational mobilities and ageing: namely, the experiences of ageing parents who take on short-term informal jobs during their extended visits to their migrant offspring abroad. Based on ethnographic research with ageing parents in Brazil and their accounts of short-term (visitor) transnational mobilities and paid work in the United States, where their children have emigrated, the article examines how older parents on a visitor ('tourist') visa take on short-term jobs and how their work and earnings abroad make them feel empowered. The article draws on a spatio-temporal analytical framework to discuss how migrants' temporal and spatial journeys are shaped by their ability to mobilize resources such as trusted transnational networks and translate these into transnational spaces of opportunity. The article concludes that through these specific configurations of time and space older adults are able to make use of their own work to improve livelihoods for themselves and their families, which they recount as enabling and empowering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Interventions Économiques is the property of Association d'Economie Politique and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Interventions Économiques is the property of Association d'Economie Politique and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Dans le champ du vieillissement, la recherche actuelle se concentre peu sur l'identité sexuée souvent supposée comme inexistante, notamment dans le très grand âge. Notre objectif est de cibler si elle est encore véritablement opérante, à ce moment, mais aussi de cerner les éventuelles vicissitudes rencontrées. À partir d'un accompagnement psychothérapique réalisé chez une personne nonagénaire en EHPAD, par un psychologue clinicien, sur une durée d'un mois et demi, à la fréquence de deux entretiens hebdomadaires, différentes vignettes ayant une visée descriptive vont retracer ces rencontres. Puis dans l'après-coup, une réflexion nous permet alors de saisir les différentes caractéristiques psychiques exprimées chez cette personne. Certaines modifications peuvent se révéler soudaines et déstabilisantes, relevant davantage d'un trouble éprouvé. En effet, présentant une certaine forme de repli sur soi, le résident va énoncer ne plus se reconnaître dans son identité sexuée avec l'apparition d'un nouvel attrait provoquant une grande souffrance psychique. Celle-ci est d'abord vécue comme intrusive. Elle vient remettre en cause également son rôle social, qu'il soit au sein de sa famille ou encore même dans ses relations amicales et, plus intimement, dans son rapport à lui-même. Le dénouement de cet accompagnement permet de mettre en exergue des mobiles inconscients se manifestant dans ce nouvel attrait. Aging is often perceived as a degenerative process in which the elderly must adapt to a series of degradations. As the population grows older, the field of psychology focuses more on the social and physical aspects of aging than of those of a more psychical nature. In older adulthood, a very particular context appears with the scarcity of social ties, and physical modifications due to advanced age. These bring about profound identity reorganization. However, current aging research focuses little on sexual identity, which is often assumed to be non-existent, especially in old age. Our objective is to examine whether it indeed exists in later adulthood, and if so, to identify the possible trials and tribulations that the elderly encounter therein. This research is based on a clinical case study of a nonagenarian man in a retirement home. A clinical psychologist accompanied the subject over a period of six weeks, with two weekly interviews, the transcriptions of which make up different descriptive vignettes. Afterwards, a reflection allows us to grasp the different psychical characteristics expressed by this resident. Two approaches will guide us in our method of analysis. The first is phenomenological; it remains an interesting reference as it aims to establish an absence of any presuppositions, ensuring a certain neutrality on the part of the researcher, while leaving room for participation in observation and introspection. In addition, succeeding the latter, the method of psychoanalytic inquiry provides the framework for analysis, bringing about a theoretical-clinical articulation to identify and describe the different psychical processes. The words of a nonagenarian man shed light on one of the possible destinies of sexual identification in very old age. Some changes can be sudden and destabilizing, reflecting feelings of confusion. Indeed, presenting a certain form of withdrawal, the resident states that he no longer recognizes himself in his sexual identity with the appearance of a new sexual attraction, causing great psychical suffering. This is first experienced as intrusive. It also calls into question his social identity, both within his family, and even within his circle of friends, and more intimately in his relationship with himself. This therapeutic accompaniment makes it possible to highlight unconscious motives that manifest themselves in this new sexual attraction. The identification of the latter puts an end to this period of confusion, the resident is then able to identify the origin of the episode. The emphasis on certain constants during this trying moment bring about an experience of an identical identity despite what he had thought. This accompaniment concluded with a certain sense of peace and continuity. The clinical setting makes it possible to question the notion of identity, both through psychoanalytic inquiry, and Butler's theoretical conception, which challenges the previous ideas about identity. This theoretical questioning of the clinic enables us to clarify and redefine a possible dynamic of sexual identity in its unconscious perspective. Finally, we put this study in perspective with previous research, and suggest new avenues of investigation to be explored in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gériatrie et Psychologie Neuropsychiatrie du Vieillissement is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Basic & Clinical Andrology is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Depuis la découverte de l'ADN comme support de l'information génétique, le challenge pour des générations de chercheurs en sciences du vivant a été de comprendre les mécanismes allant du gène au phénotype. Dans les années 50, le concept d'épigénétique dérivé du terme « épigenèse » est défini par le biologiste britannique Conrad H. Waddington comme discipline d'étude des mécanismes d'interactions gène-environnement gouvernant le développement d'un organisme. Le terme épigénétique qui en découle, désormais défini comme « au-dessus de la séquence d'ADN », détermine la façon dont les gènes déterminent les caractères. L'étude de ces processus a permis de comprendre la régulation du génome et des voies biologiques qu'elle coordonne. Nous discuterons ici les grands principes régulant les processus épigénétiques, leurs rôles en physiologie, leur évolution au cours de la vie et leur implication en médecine. Since the discovery of DNA as the support of genetic information, the challenge for generations of life scientists was to understand the mechanisms underlying the process that translate the sequence of a gene to a phenotype. In the 1950s, the concept of epigenetics was defined by the British biologist Conrad H. Waddington as the study of "epigenesis" that governs the biological processes involved in the development of any organism. The term epigenetics, now best defined as "above the DNA sequence" reflects the gene-environment interactions by which genes determine traits. Since, its first description, studies underlying the mechanisms involved in these processes has led to an increasing understanding of the regulation all genome transactions such as transcription, replication, repair and the biological pathways coordinated by these mechanisms. We will discuss here the main principles regulating epigenetic processes, their roles in physiology, their evolution over the life time and their implications in medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Aequitas: Journal of Human Development, Disability & Social Change / Revue de Développement Humain, Handicap et Changement Social is the property of Reseau international sur le Processus de production du handicap, RIPPH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Disability Studies is the property of Canadian Disability Studies Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Disability Studies is the property of Canadian Disability Studies Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Drawing from a human development framework, this paper uses the 2014 and 2016 waves of the longitudinal Health and Retirement Study (HRS) with contextual data from the American Community Survey (ACS) and classification scales of the Economic Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture to examine whether county-level rural and non-rural status is associated with changes in life satisfaction and perceived decrease in health among U.S. residents aged 65 and older. Controlling for individual declines in function (cognition, gross motor function and/or fine motor function), other individual characteristics, and additional county-level characteristics, we find that functional decline has a relationship to perceived health change and life satisfaction, but that the most substantial community and individual level characteristics are related to health not life satisfaction. Aside from the walkability of the county, no other county characteristics were predictive of change in life satisfaction. We calculate that the average predicted probability that someone experienced a decrease in health was highest (0.32) among older adults who experienced functional decline and who live in a rural county. This offers useful context for communities, and we discuss the implications for these findings as they relate to understanding how functional decline may be experienced differently for older adults across different types of places and what this may mean about the experience of disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID) often remain dependent on parental support as they transition into adulthood, this study sought to understand the lived realities of maternal caregivers to adult children with ASD-ID. Ten mothers of adult children with ASD-ID completed semi-structured interviews. Inductive thematic analysis resulted in three themes related to the uncertainties experienced by mothers of adult children with ASD-ID: (1) aging as a caregiver, (2) residence considerations, and (3) importance of permanency planning. Such uncertainties resulted from mothers simultaneously navigating their own aging process and the continued dependency of their child. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Burns in the elderly are a public health concern. This study aimed to analyze etiology, clinical characteristics, and independent risk factors for outcomes of burns in elderly patients. This retrospective study included elderly patients (65 years and over) admitted to a major burn unit between 2006 and 2016. Demographic data, clinical characteristics and outcomes were analyzed. One hundred and thirty patients were included. Most were female (56.2%) and the highest incidence was among those aged 75-84 years. The median burn area was 10.5%. The incidence in winter (50%) was higher (p<0.001) and flame burns predominated (p<0.001). The mortality rate was 32.3%. Independent risk factors for death were older age, larger extent burns, need for escharotomy, and cardiac disease as comorbidity. Amongst the survivors, the median length of stay was 36 days. Development of pressure sores, need for skin grafts, larger extent burns, presence of full-thickness burns, and cardiac disease were shown to be significantly associated with increased length of stay amongst survivors. Preventive measures should target women aged between 75-84 years. Flame burns occurred more frequently in winter. Prognosis is related to age, extent of burns, need for escharotomy at admission, and cardiac disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gériatrie et Psychologie Neuropsychiatrie du Vieillissement is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This review explains how exercise can prevent the neurodegeneration and addresses the important role of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor as an indicator of symptoms of ageing brain dysfunction. In addition, it explains the cellular and molecular mechanisms of exercise on regulation of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in brain, that it's dysregulation appears in many pathological conditions. It is known that mitochondrial dysfunctions associated with upregulation of reactive oxygen species, has vital role in various neurodegenerative disorder. Neurotrophins factor have numerous beneficial effects on neuroplasticity and neurosurvival and the goal of many drug therapies is to increase neurotrophins. Unfortunately, pharmacological methods are time consuming and costly, and, after a while drug resistance develops. Exercise as an adjunct intervention has promising results but various factors affect the results that should be carefully investigated in the studies. Exercise can increase brain mitochondrial biogenesis and attenuates effects of the ageing process on the brain. Regulation of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor by exercise is related to antidepressant effects and enhance of cognitive function and mitochondrial capacity that negates the ageing dysfunctions. The mechanisms of exercise-induced adaptations in neurodegenerative dysfunctions remain undiscovered and assesses the effect of exercise on neurodysfunction has encountered many difficulties. Therefore, further studies are needed to resolve existing inconsistencies. However, there is a positive relationship between regular exercise and Brain-derived neurotrophic factor regulation, which can prevent or reduce symptoms of brain diseases, especially in ageing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The territorial management of aging represents a real challenge for New Brunswick municipalities. This contribution illustrates the changes that have occurred in this area and, more specifically, to municipal infrastructures, equipment and services, between 2014 and 2021, in the Regional Municipality of Tracadie. The analysis is based on semi-structured interviews with local elected officials and stakeholders working with seniors. Although respondents noted an overall improvement in the territorial management of aging, gaps remain, particularly in the former local service districts, notably with regard to sidewalks and snow removal. The implementation of an urban plan that considers the particular realities of seniors would undoubtedly mitigate the effects of such shortcomings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to apprehend the social representations of depression among elderly women. 64 elderly women participated in the research, divided into two groups, with a mean age of 68.6 years (SD=7.2) and 68.5 (SD=8). The free word association technique was used, with data analyzed through prototypical analysis using the Iramuteq software. The results pointed to a positive SR of aging for the group of elderly women participating in conviviality groups for elderly people and negative for elderly women who did not participate in groups. The SR of depression were equivalent in both groups. In conclusion, the necessity and importance of permanent health education about depression was identified, focusing mainly on elderly women as a target audience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to evaluate choroidal thickness (CT) and the effect of age and gender in healthy Africans using enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Materials and Methods: In 172 eyes of 88 volunteers, the CT in the central subfoveal (CSF) area and at 2.5 mm superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal quadrants was measured. Four eyes were excluded due to poor image quality and image decentration. Simple linear regression was used to measure the effect of age on CT, and statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS Statistics version 22. Results: The were 88 male and 84 female eyes, aged 30-80 years. The mean CT was CSF 265.44 ± 6.2 µm; inferior 256.19 ± 70.6 µm; superior 249.92 ± 76.2 µm; temporal 235.51 ± 70.3 µm; and nasal 199.53 ± 69.8 µm. The choroid was thickest in the CSF > Inferior > Superior > Temporal, and the nasal quadrant was thinnest in all age groups. There was a considerable decrease in the CSF with increasing age (P < 0.001). CT in males and females was similar since the difference in mean CSF CT between the genders was 2.085 µm (P = 0.858). Menopausal females had thinner CSF CT compared to premenopausal females (P < 0.001), but this was due to the aging effect. Conclusion: CT decreases significantly with increasing age but shows no gender difference in Africans. A comparison of CT studies from other ethnic nationalities shows some similarity with CT in Africans, suggesting that CT findings from other ethnic groups can be extrapolated to Africans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The organization of the arterial wall into 3 layers occurred concomitantly with the emergence of a highly muscularized, pressurized arterial system that facilitates outward hydraulic conductance of different substances across the arterial wall related to 3 physiological functions: (1) the endothelium ensures a partial barrier function; (2) the media comprises smooth muscle cells capable of endocytosis and phagocytosis; (3) and the outer adventitia and perivascular adipocytic tissue are the final receptacles of convected substances. The media, composed of vascular smooth muscle cells embedded in an extracellular matrix, takes up numerous molecules via scavenger receptors and are capable of phagocytosis, efferocytosis and endocytosis. The adventitia is the site of immune response development, inward angiogenesis, macromolecular lymphatic drainage, and neuronal stimulation. Consequently, although the clearance functions of the arterial wall are physiologically essential, they also contribute to the development of numerous arterial wall pathologies such as ageing and atherosclerosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Frontières is the property of Universite du Quebec a Montreal, Revue Frontieres and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Oncology Nursing Journal is the property of Pappin Communications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Changes brought about by globalization such as the growth of the travel industry and increasing interconnectivity between places have opened up new lifestyle options for Canadian retirees. Commonly called "snowbirds," thousands of Canadian retirees choose to spend their winters in warm destinations outside Canada, with most going to localities in the southern United States. Most snowbirds visit the same place every year and spend many years going back and forth between Canada and their chosen winter destination. Drawing on insights from both life‐course theory and the new mobilities paradigm, this paper considers how the cross‐border snowbird phenomenon links to wider processes related to aging. Qualitative interviews were conducted with retirees wintering in various communities in southern Florida. The findings of the study highlight the importance of understanding both aging and mobility as processes that intersect in variable ways over time to influence new geographies of aging. Key Messages: Globalization has led to increasingly complex mobility patterns among retired Canadians.New theoretical perspectives are needed to better understand evolving relationships between aging and cross‐border mobility.The mobility patterns of aging Canadians have important impacts on both sending and receiving communities and efforts must be made to understand emerging trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gériatrie et Psychologie Neuropsychiatrie du Vieillissement is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

De tout temps, la beauté s’enracine et se dessine autour de représentations en vertu du précepte selon lequel : « l’homme cherche un élixir de la jeunesse, qui lui garantirait une vie sans fin et en bonne santé » (Cernat et Birman, 2018 : 129). Alors que l’espérance de vie est sans précédent, le marketing semble être un clin d’œil d’une nouvelle beauté normée du vieillissement en décalage avec la réalité sociale contemporaine. C’est dans un genre littéraire authentique, à partir de l’histoire de l’auteure qu’elle va tenter d’identifier des éléments saillants de ses expériences pour répondre à la question : comment devient-on modèle vivant ? Ses autres facettes vont l’amener à établir des correspondances avec des concepts majoritairement sociologiques mais aussi en marketing en vue de tirer des enseignements pragmatiques quant à sa marque « porteuse de sens ». Cette communication a pour objectif de discuter autour de la thématique du « modèle vivant » avec des signifiants qui oscillent entre : la beauté, le stigmate et les corporalités, de la jeunesse au vieillissement.

Daphnia pulex is a natural food widely used in aquaculture, and S6K plays an important role in protein translation and ageing. To explore the function of S6K in the ageing process of D. pulex , we cloned and analysed the full-length cDNA of S6K. With the growth of D. pulex , the expression of S6K mRNA first increased, then peaked at 10 days, and then decreased. Western blot analysis showed that the S6K protein expression increased from 1 to 5 days of age, but did not change significantly from 5 to 25 days of age. RNAi knockdown of S6K, reduced the expression of S6K mRNA and S6K protein, and it causes changes in other genes associated with ageing in both sexes. S6K may be involved in reproductive transformation, affecting reproductive capacity, thus significantly affecting the ageing of D. pulex. miRNA with potential regulation of the S6K gene were screened by the bioinformatics method and validated using a dual luciferase reporter gene system. This study deepens our understanding of the mechanisms of ageing in D. pulex and expands our understanding of the role of S6K in the ageing process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Toronto-based Canadian theatre group Mammalian Diving Reflex produced various editions resulting from its city tour of the performance All the Sex I've Ever Had (shortened as AtS) from 2010 to present, including AtS-International Edition (2014) in Toronto. In this article, Heunjung Lee analyzes the live performance of multiple city editions, most notably AtS-Gwangmyeong (2021), to understand the relational aesthetics and dramaturgy it installs among older community performers, younger creative team members, and the audience. By demonstrating the performative power of aged citizens on stage to document, remember, and combat the ageist perspectives that are deeply rooted in many cultures, including Canada, this and other editions of AtS reveal and counter the ageist stigma around the sexuality of older adults. Heunjung Lee draws on this analysis to reframe non-professional older performers as experts of age/ing, drawing on the notion of "experts of everyday" which describes non-professional performers in Reality Theatre. This new term illuminates the generosity, vulnerability, and power of the older performers who (en)counter ageist perceptions and assumptions against old age by sharing their unique experience and view of ageing, sex, and life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Le vieillissement biologique affecte les organes sensoriels ainsi que le cerveau et par conséquent la cognition. La littérature rapporte non seulement que ces atteintes sont concomitantes, mais aussi qu'elles sont positivement corrélées. Quatre hypothèses sont généralement proposées pour expliquer ces associations. Toutefois, aucune ne semble à même de rendre compte de l'ensemble des données existantes et les mécanismes précis en jeu restent à éclaircir. L'approche incarnée et située de la cognition pourrait fournir un cadre théorique particulièrement intéressant et adéquat pour expliquer ces liens. En effet, selon cette approche, les représentations cognitives sont ancrées dans leurs propriétés sensorimotrices. Autrement dit, les fonctionnements cognitif et perceptif seraient interdépendants. Cet article propose une revue critique des liens entre les fonctionnements sensoriel et cognitif dans le vieillissement ainsi que des hypothèses explicatives attenantes. Une lecture incarnée de cette possible interdépendance est développée. Les implications théoriques et cliniques de cette lecture seront alors considérées. Biological aging impacts many organs including sensory's ones and the brain, and thus, cognition. Research has shown that the sensory and cognitive decline are positively correlated. The main data from this literature are firstly reviewed in the present article. Then, the four main hypotheses that are generally proposed to explain these associations are presented. According to them, sensory decline is supposed to cause cognitive decline, or vice-versa, or these concomitant changes result from the general alteration of the nervous system. However, none of them seems able to account for all of the existing data. Moreover, the precise mechanisms that may drive these associations remain to be clarified. The rest of the article is then dedicated to the embodied and situated cognition approach as it provides a particularly interesting and adequate framework to account for these links. Indeed, according to this approach, cognitive representations are grounded in their sensorimotor properties. In other words, cognitive functioning is not conceived as detached from sensory functioning, but instead directly dependent of it. Representations are thus thought to emerge from the sensorimotor simulation of the properties involved in these representations. Therefore, sensory decline should directly impact cognitive performance. It is then hypothesized that older adults have low-resolution representations decreasing the signal on noise ratio of traces, increasing sensorimotor interferences and thus decreasing cognitive performance. This approach leads to consider low and high levels of sensory and perceptual functioning, which are both impaired in aging. Therefore, the repercussion of the sensory-perceptual decline is not only valid for present processing, but also extend to all past knowledge. Several predictions are then proposed on (1) the link between high-level perceptual functioning and cognitive functioning in older adults; (2) the possible interaction in young adults between sensory and high-level perceptual functioning as a function of the level of interference of the material involved; (3) the possible link between the motor and cognitive functioning in older adults. The clinical consequences in terms of cognitive stimulation of such a perspective will close the article. It is proposed to develop a stimulation program based on pattern separation mechanism to better process sensory interference in order to train older adults to improve cognitive precision and thus performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: High‐intensity visible light (HEV), also referred to as blue light, has a wavelength of 400–500 nm and accounts for approximately one‐third of the visible light. Blue light is also emitted from electronic devices and artificial indoor lighting. Studies have shown that exposure of human skin cells to light emitted from electronic devices, even as short as 1 h, can cause an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis and necrosis. Despite comprising a significant portion of the light spectrum, the effects of HEV light have not been studied as extensively. This is in part due to a lack of suitable in vitro testing methods. This work was conducted in order to develop a reproducible testing method for assessing the effects of blue light on the skin. Methods: Testing was performed using a full thickness, 3D in vitro skin tissue model. Different exposure protocols were tested to (1) determine the biological effects of blue light on the skin and (2) to identify an appropriate exposure for routine testing of cosmetic materials that may protect the skin from blue light damage. Gene expression and protein biomarkers were measured using qPCR, ELISA and immunohistochemical (IHC) methods. Results: Our work demonstrates that daily exposure to blue light produced dose‐and‐time‐dependent changes in biomarkers associated with skin damage. Exposure to blue light for 6 h for 5 consecutive days (total intensity of 30 J/cm2) increased the expression of genes that regulate inflammation and oxidative stress pathways and decreased the expression of genes that maintain skin barrier and tissue integrity. Exposure to blue light significantly increased protein biomarkers associated with ageing, inflammation and tissue damage. IHC staining confirmed changes in collagen, filaggrin and NQO1 protein expression. Treatment with ascorbic acid inhibited the effects of blue light, demonstrating a role in protection from blue light. Conclusion: Our results showed that consistent blue light exposure produced skin damage via alterations in biological pathways that are associated with skin ageing. This work provides a new, reproducible in vitro testing method for assessing the effects of blue light on human skin using gene expression, protein ELISA and IHC staining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retirement is a major transition in the lives of the older population, potentially affecting well-being through the lifestyle, emotional, and financial changes that accompany the transition. In this study, we empirically investigate the effect of retirement on life satisfaction in Canada, using data from the 2008–2009 Canadian Community Health Survey–Healthy Aging. Identifying the effect of retirement on life satisfaction is inherently difficult because of self-selection, reverse causality, and unobserved individual-specific heterogeneity that may affect both life satisfaction and the decision to retire. To address these concerns, we explore the use of the age thresholds from the Old Age Security and the Canada Pension Plan/Quebec Pension Plan as instruments in the decision to retire. The resulting estimates suggest that retirement has a positive and significant effect on the life satisfaction of the older population in Canada. This effect remains significant after we control for age, gender, marital status, educational background, household income, race, immigrant status, and province-level fixed effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Access to transport for older people is inherently related to the right to lead an independent life and to participate in social and cultural life with dignity. Yet often transport planning strategies prioritise the smooth flow of urban commuters, while people over the age of 60 are at risk of experiencing marginalisation and inequality. In this paper, we consider the mobility patterns of a group of seniors who regularly travel by public transport to Sydney, Australia for more than an hour a day. We argue that geographical perspectives are important for understanding how disincentivising seniors from travelling at rush hour may result in a range of negative health and social outcomes. In this research we consider how seniors in fact may benefit from travelling in rush hour materially, socially, and emotionally. Drawing on the optic of mobility justice we examine the felt intensities of using public transport and the inequalities that manifest in corporeal density. This serves to highlight how agency enables people to go against policy aims to reduce senior travel at peak times and how mobility justice is a useful heuristic to dispute power dynamics in specific transport modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metallic glass formers are a relatively new entry in glass physics, which has attracted large interest in both physics and materials science communities due to the unique mechanical and structural properties of these materials. Physical aging is however one of the main obstacle to their widespread use as it affects their properties at all length scales. The knowledge of the microscopic mechanisms inducing aging and relaxation is therefore extremely important for both fundamental and applied sciences. In this article we present a review of the recent advances made with the X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy technique on the study of the collective particle motion and physical aging in metallic glasses at the atomic level. We show that a careful tuning of the sample preparation or the application of specific thermal protocols have the potential to drive the glass into more aged or rejuvenated microscopic configurations with different stabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impacts of capacity-building in seniors on territorial development and aging in place. A perceptual analysis of the case of St-Quentin in New Brunswick (Canada). In Canada, New Brunswick is a province particularly affected by the aging of its population. This phenomenon raises many social, economic and territorial issues and challenges. Capacity-building for elders goes some way to mitigating the effects. However, what is more specifically its contribution to aging in place and territorial development? The objective of this article is to assess the perception of local dynamism with regard to the management of an aging population from different components related to the capacity-building of seniors. The case of the small town of St-Quentin, New Brunswick, holds our attention. Our demonstration is based on seven elements related to capacity-building, namely : participation, empowerment, relational life and social capital, sense of identity, resilience and networking. This exploratory case study examined the actors from the angle of social representations using four methods: semi-structured interviews, holding a focus group, conducting individual interviews with seniors and organizing a dissemination activity. The results show that capacity-building has beneficial effects on community vitality and improving the quality of life of the elderly. However, the model has its limits due to conditions inherent to the environment, but also to exogenous factors over which seniors have little control, hence the need for the Government of New Brunswick to put in place a territorial aging strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2007, the World Health Organization published a global guide on innovations to the built and social environments that would ensure active aging for seniors. This guide suggests that municipalities adopt an "age-friendly city" approach, i.e. by improving the infrastructure, equipment and services used by seniors, particularly in terms of leisure, health and transportation. This paper aims to assess the scope of the measures put in place by the various social actors of two communities that have implemented the VADA process in New Brunswick, Saint-Quentin and Grand Falls. On a theoretical level, our framework is based on the model of environmental gerontology, which acts on the territorial governance process. Advocating a qualitative approach, our analysis method consisted of conducting semi-directed interviews with stakeholders and partners involved in the VADA process and holding focus groups with seniors. Despite the aims expressed by the elected officials, our results show that the approach fell short in improving the quality of life of seniors due to difficulties related not only to a lack of shared leadership, to the new responsibilities that fell on local actors, to communication consultation and demobilization issues, but also to a lack of knowledge of the project, both on the part of social actors and seniors, and to the current pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retrotransposable elements (REs), comprising endogenous retroviruses (ERV), and long or short interspersed elements (LINE-1; SINE), account for nearly half of human genomes. REs are regulated by heterochromatin, a condensed state of DNA characterized by DNA methylation and repressive histone marks such as H3K9me2, H3K9me3 and H3K27me3. Described for a long-time as junk DNA, they are gaining more and more interest, especially in aging and cancer where the chromatin is disorganized. REs can spread in the genome through a copy/paste mechanism, constituting a great source of genomic instability. They are also major contributors of gene regulatory networks, providing alternative promoters, splicing or polyadenylation signals, and also by serving as cis-regulatory elements in a cell- and tissue-specific manner. It is related to the progressive loss of heterochromatin. Defects in RE repression are also observed in cancer. Cancer cells become dependent on REs because of their ability to induce genomic instability and deregulate the transcriptome. Epigenetic reactivation of cryptic regulatory sequences within existing REs leads to widespread expression of oncogenes. However, REs are double-edged swords for cancer. Indeed, through their ability to mimic a viral state, leading to type I interferon (IFN-I) activation, REs can trigger apoptotic and antiproliferative signaling. Cancer therapies such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy and DNA hypomethylating agents (HMAs) use this vulnerability to kill cancer cells. Because RE expression can be their Achilles heel, tumor cells develop mechanisms to prevent RE release from epigenetic repression. AML leukemic stem cells have low RE expression and inactivate immune pathways, which may be involved in their immune evasion. Epigenetic players such as MPP8 and SETDB1 have been identified as playing a major role in RE repression and their dysfunction is associated with leukemogenesis. The failure of HMA treatments to eliminate mutated clones observed in myelodysplastic syndromes could be due to the lack of RE induction. Here we discuss the different mechanisms that could prevent RE expression in leukemic stem cells, the importance of these elements in cell function, oncogenesis and immunity, highlighting the influence of epigenetic mechanisms in the regulation of ER expression and how they can be exploited in a therapeutic context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]