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Background: Toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, can infect almost all warm-blooded animals including humans. T. gondii is regarded as an important opportunistic pathogen that can cause infection in HIV/AIDS patients associated with high mortality. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence and risk factors of T. gondii infection in HIV-positive and negative patients and establish the relationship between HIV viral load and active toxoplasmosis in the Bamenda Regional Hospital Cameroon. Methodology: Three hundred and three (201 HIV-positive and 102 HIV-negative) participants attending the Bamenda Regional Hospital, Cameroon, were randomly recruited into the study. Well-structured questionnaires were used to obtain information on demographic characteristics and potential risk factors from each participant. Venous blood samples were collected for serological detection of toxoplasmosis using One-Step Toxo IgG/IgM rapid diagnostic test (RDT) kits, followed by confirmation of all positive samples by Toxoplasma IgM ELISA test. Data were analysed on SPSS version 23.0. Association of potential risk factors with seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis was done using Chi square test, and comparison of means HIV loads between participant categories was done using Mann-Whitney U-test and Kruskal-Wallis as applicable, with p<0.05 considered as significant level. Results: Of the 303 participants, 93 were positive for Toxoplasma IgG, giving latent toxoplasmosis seroprevalence rate of 30.7%, while 2 of the 303 participants were seropositive for Toxoplasma IgM, indicating active toxoplasmosis in 0.7%. The seroprevalence of latent toxoplasmosis was 28.9% (n=58/201) in HIVpositive compared to 34.3% (n=35/102) in HIV-negative participants (χ²=0.948, OR=0.775, p=0.330), while the seroprevalence of active toxoplasmosis was 1.0% (n=2/201) in HIV-positive compared to 0% (n=0/102) in HIV-negative participants (χ²=0.068, OR=2.568, p=0.552). Viral load was detectable (≥ 42 viral copies/ml) in 54 of the 201 HIV-positive participants, giving an overall detectable viral load rate of 26.9%. The seroprevalence of latent toxoplasmosis was higher in HIV-positive participants with detectable viral load than those with non-detectable viral load, and the two HIV-positive patients with active toxoplasmosis had detectable viral loads. The risk factors significantly associated (p<0.05) with the latent toxoplasmosis were owning a cat, presence of stray cats, playing with cats, and eating soya. Conclusion: Latent toxoplasmosis is prevalent among HIV-positive and negative patients attending the Bamenda Regional Hospital in Cameroon, with active infection only among HIV-infected patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El objetivo es comprender cómo el apoyo psicosocial puede ser tanto preventivo como rehabilitador. Se realizó la sistematización de una intervención psicosocial con personas que viven con VIH/SIDA, lo que permitió visibilizar las repercusiones generadas por la pandemia y las medidas de confinamiento, adoptadas para la mitigación del Covid-19, sobre la salud física, social y mental de los sujetos participantes. En total se caracterizaron y atendieron 63 personas en situación de vulnerabilidad por ser inmigrantes o personas dedicadas al trabajo sexual. Los resultados muestran que la discriminación y los prejuicios hacia las personas que viven con VIH/SIDA se entrecruzan con la estigmatización hacia las personas que se dedican al trabajo sexual, así como los juicios de valor xenófobos y aquellos que se tienen frente a las condiciones de nacionalidad y de clase. Es indispensable que se considere en los servicios de atención para personas con VIH/SIDA, no solo la atención médica y farmacológica, sino la atención psicosocial que desempeña un papel fundamental al abordar factores como el estrés, la ansiedad, la depresión y el estigma social que a menudo enfrentan las personas con VIH/SIDA y que pueden disminuir su adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral.

Copyright of AIDS & Behavior is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Este estudio analiza el estreno en España de As Is de William Hoffman, que el público español conoció como La última luna menguante en 1986. A través de una discusión detallada del contexto político, social y cultural al que la obra pretendía responder, a saber, la crisis del sida, el artículo explora la función divulgativa ejercida por la producción y la recepción crítica que obtuvo, señalando la relevancia histórica de un montaje que, pese a su oscuridad crítica actual, sirvió como la primera propuesta teatral que reflejaba la realidad del VIH/sida sobre los escenarios españoles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are prone to opportunistic bacterial infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms. The aim of this study was to determine the susceptibility of Enterobacterales isolated from urine and stool samples of PLWA attending the BOYAMBI Hospital Center, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo to commonly used antibiotics and to detect extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) producers among the isolates. Methodology: A total of 163 HIV-infected patients attending the BOYAMBI Hospital, Kinshasa, DRC, were randomly selected for this study. Urine samples were collected from 108 patients, while stool samples were collected from 55 of them. Samples were cultured in MacConkey agar and identified using conventional microbiological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility on each isolate to selected antibiotics was performed by the disc diffusion method. Phenotypic detection of ESBL was done by the double-disc synergy test. Results: A total of 120 Enterobacterales were isolated from the samples of the 163 HIV-infected patients with 65 of 108 (60.2%) urine and 55 of 55 (100.0%) stool samples. Escherichia coli was the most frequent bacterial species from both urine and stool with 84 (70.0%), followed by Klebsiellaspecieswith23 (19.2%). Other bacterial pathogens were Citrobacter (n=6, 5.0%), Enterobacter (n=4, 3.3%), Proteus (n=2, 1.7%) and Morganella (n=1, 0.8%) species. Escherichia coli isolates were resistant to amoxicillin (90.5%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (81.0%), ciprofloxacin (77.4%), ceftriaxone (77.4%), ceftazidime (73.8%), amoxicillin–clavulanic acid (61.9%), imipenem (60.7%), and cefotaxime (50.0%). Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were resistant to ceftazidime (95.7%), ceftriaxone (91.3%), imipenem (91.3%), ciprofloxacin (87%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (78.3%), cefotaxime (56.5%), and amoxicillin–clavulanic acid (52.2%). Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Morganella and Proteus species were resistant to the majority of antibiotics. The rate of ESBL production was 23.0% (28/120) with Citrobacter spp being the most frequent ESBL-producer, followed Klebsiella spp, Enterobacter spp and E. coli. Conclusion: The results obtained showed a high rate of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales isolates which were multi-drug resistant. Nitrofurantoin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, cefixime and nalidixic acid were the most active antibiotics against the isolates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The corpus is made up of a compilation of stories about the experience of being homosexual and living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) made up of a series of in-depth interviews, situated ethnographic records and informal conversations carried out during the year 2022 with a man homosexual who lives with HIV in Puebla, Mexico -- and who is named Patricio--. Some of the semiotic-material intersections through which his experiences are configured are analyzed. In addition, certain imaginary figures are highlighted, the affects in which his modes of interaction are framed, some journeys of his daily life and his possibilities of containment in the face of discriminatory practices and stigmatizing scenarios. In three moments, some of the ways in which, between the ways of embodying an illness and the ways in which homosexuality is embodied, are exposed, these dimensions seem to be sustained by the cultural mark --always historical, always political-- of shame and pride. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Part of the poetry of Abigael Bohórquez (1936-1995) can be read as poetry of homosexual testimony. Specifically, his last collection of poems, his poetic testament, Poesida (1996), allows for this reading, since this cruel but supportive document seeks to put shame on the side of the heteronormative discourse, the one that reacted by condemning homosexual practices at the height of the Hiv/Aids pandemic in the 1980s & 1990s of the 20th century. Poesida will be studied from the poetics of misrepresentation, as a proposal for analysis for the dissident resistance to the discursive normalization that the collection of poems offers, both in the confrontation of the literary tradition, as well as in the poetic space and in the autobiographical references. Bohórquez builds a mural, a testimony, a series of songs and portraits so as not to forget, dignify and resist the shame with which they tried to classify those who died with the weight of stigma and guilt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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La novela Jenisjoplin (2017), de Uxue Alberdi, se adscribe a las narrativas del VIH/sida. Destaca y se diferencia significativamente de las tendencias predominantes por su enfoque literario en el abordaje del cuerpo afectado. En ella la vivencia de la enfermedad se articula a través de la resistencia y el conflicto, tanto con el propio cuerpo como con la biopolítica, encarnada por la disciplina médica. Con el propósito de examinar las connotaciones del cuerpo y la enfermedad en la narración, este análisis se realiza desde la teoría de los afectos y los estudios del cuerpo.

La SCJN, al emitir la presente resolución, que habla de las obligaciones del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social para respetar el derecho a la salud de las personas con VIH, le impone la obligación a todas las autoridades judiciales del fuero federal y común, a emitir sus resoluciones y sentencias tomando en cuenta este criterio, la problemática es que la sentencia del amparo, debido al principio de relatividad, únicamente obliga a las partes dentro del conflicto, y no al resto de autoridades administrativas del sector salud, es decir, que en caso de que se vuelva a producir una violación, las demás personas deberán de promover el juicio de amparo para que puedan hacer valer la interpretación al derecho humano a la salud que realizó la SCJN. De ahí la importancia de dar a conocer este criterio jurisdiccional proveniente de la Primera Sala de la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación.

Introdução: A prevalência da infeção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (VIH) parece haver estabilizado nos 0,7%, enquanto em alguns países continua a aumentar. Durante muitos anos estava apenas associada ao continente africano e a populações específicas, mas atualmente constata-se um aumento de incidência nos países desenvolvidos. Esta infeção pode ser assintomática ou ter sintomas inespecíficos. Estes dependem do estádio da doença, da carga viral ou do estado imune do hospedeiro. Este caso mostra o desafio do diagnóstico de VIH, relatando uma forma de apresentação sintomática rara. Descrição do caso: Homem de 21 anos de idade, de nacionalidade angolana, que recorre à consulta aberta nos cuidados de saúde primários por quedas frequentes no último mês associadas a sensação de falta de força nos membros inferiores. À avaliação física constata-se uma discreta diminuição global da força nas quatro extremidades, com maior tradução no membro superior esquerdo. Nega práticas sexuais de risco ou consumo de drogas parenterais. Após realização de estudo analítico, estudo eletromiográfico e tomografia computorizada crânio-encefálica, da coluna cervical e lombar, constata-se um resultado positivo para a infeção por VIH como a causa desencadeante da sintomatologia apresentada. Comentário: O que inicialmente pareciam sintomas relacionados com uma doença neuromuscular incipiente veio a revelar-se o diagnóstico de uma infeção vírica. Pela inespecificidade dos seus sintomas é importante manter um elevado nível de suspeição para a infeção por VIH. No caso relatado, a neuropatia periférica era a única manifestação desta infeção. Ainda que tenha uma prevalência de até 60% entre os infetados, é rara como manifestação isolada. A sua etiopatologia não é ainda clara, sabe-se que é multifatorial e progressiva. Presentemente o doente encontra-se estável com o início da terapêutica antirretroviral, com melhoria da sintomatologia.

Introduction: The treatment and diagnosis of chronic diarrhea in the immunocompromised patient depends on the ability to rapidly detect the etiologic agents. Aims: Our aim was to evaluate the results of the FilmArray® gastrointestinal panel in patients newly diagnosed with HIV infection that presented with chronic diarrhea. Material and methods: Utilizing nonprobability consecutive convenience sampling, 24 patients were included that underwent molecular testing for the simultaneous detection of 22 pathogens. Results: In 24 HIV-infected patients with chronic diarrhea, enteropathogen bacteria were detected in 69% of the cases, parasites in 18%, and viruses in 13%. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and enteroaggregative Escherichia coli were the main bacteria identified, Giardia lamblia was found in 25%, and norovirus was the most frequent viral agent. The median number of infectious agents per patient was three (range of 0 to 7). The biologic agents not identified through the FilmArray® method were tuberculosis and fungi. Conclusions: Several infectious agents were simultaneously detected through the FilmArray® gastrointestinal panel in patients with HIV infection and chronic diarrhea. Resumen: Introducción: El tratamiento y el pronóstico de la diarrea crónica en el paciente inmunosuprimido dependen de la capacidad para detectar rápidamente los agentes etiológicos. Objetivos: Evaluar los resultados del panel gastrointestinal (GI) FilmArray® en pacientes con diarrea crónica e infección por VIH de reciente diagnóstico. Material y métodos: Muestreo no probabilístico a conveniencia de manera secuencial. Se incluyeron 24 pacientes a quienes se realizó el estudio molecular para la detección simultánea de 22 patógenos. Resultados: En 24 pacientes infectados por el VIH con diarrea crónica se detectaron bacterias enteropatógenas en el 69% de los casos, parásitos en el 18% y virus en el 13%. Escherichia coli enteropatógena y Escherichia coli enteroagregativa fueron las principales bacterias identificadas; Norovirus fue el agente viral más frecuente encontrado (33%), seguido de Giardia lamblia (25%). La mediana del número de agentes infecciosos por paciente fue 3 (rango de 0 a 7). Los agentes biológicos no identificados por este método fueron tuberculosis y hongos. Conclusiones: Utilizando el panel GI FilmArray® se detectaron simultáneamente varios agentes infecciosos en pacientes con diarrea crónica e infección por VIH.

The playwright and theatre director Phillip McMahon is also co-founder and codirector of THISISPOPBABY, a Dublin arts company founded in 2007 and said to have redefined modern Irish theatre, ripping up the space between popular culture, counterculture and high art. Their shows have played and toured around Ireland, the United Kingdom, Australia, and beyond. THISISPOPBABY voices queer culture on stage making space for the history and stories of the LGBTIQA+ Irish community positioning itself between performance and politics. The first play written by McMahon purely with LGBTIQA+ characters is Once Before I Go (2021), in which he explores and examines the legacy of the AIDS crisis in Irish queer lives. McMahon does not only voice the community’s historic pain, shame, and stigma, but he also foregrounds the fact that, despite marriage equality, the LGBTIQA+ rights movement has not come to an end. In fact, he claims that, after the COVID-19 pandemic, a wider society is ready to hear stories that have been long buried, forgotten, and suppressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of AIDS & Behavior is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El corpus se constituye con un compilado de relatos sobre la experiencia de ser homosexual y vivir con el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) conformado a partir de una serie de entrevistas a profundidad, registros etnográficos situados y conversaciones informales realizadas en el transcurso del año de 2022 a un hombre homosexual que vive con VIH en Puebla, México —y a quien se nombra Patricio—. Se analizan algunos de los cruces semiótico-materiales mediante los cuales se configuran sus vivencias y se destacan ciertas figuras imaginarias, los afectos en que se enmarcan sus modos de interacción, algunas travesías de su vida cotidiana y sus posibilidades de contención frente a prácticas discriminatorias y escenarios estigmatizantes. En tres momentos, se exponen algunos de los modos en que, entre las formas de encarnar una enfermedad y los modos en que se corporeiza la homosexualidad, estas dimensiones parecen sostenerse en la marca cultural —siempre histórica, siempre política— de la vergüenza y el orgullo.

Parte de la poesía de Abigael Bohórquez (1936-1995) puede leerse como poesía de testimonio homosexual. Específicamente, su último poemario y testamento poético, Poesida (1996), avala esa lectura, puesto que se trata de un documento cruel pero solidario que busca poner la vergüenza del lado del discurso heteronormativo, aquel que reaccionó condenando las prácticas homosexuales en el apogeo de la pandemia de VIH/sida entre los años ochenta y noventa del siglo XX. Se estudiará Poesida desde la propuesta de una “poética del tergiversar”, con el objetivo de analizar las resistencias disidentes que ofrece el poemario a la normalización discursiva tanto en la confrontación con la tradición literaria, como en el espacio poético y en las referencias autobiográficas. Bohórquez construye un mural, un testimonio, una serie de cantos y retratos para no olvidar, para dignificar y resistir la vergüenza con la que se trató de encasillar a quienes murieron con el peso del estigma y de la culpa.

En Costa Rica, en la primera mitad del siglo XX, el concepto legal para señalar (y castigar) a los homosexuales fue el de ‘sodomita’, con lo que su realidad se relacionó directamente con el crimen y el pecado. Tanto el término ‘sodomita’ como ‘homosexual’ mantuvieron un intercambio simbólico que movilizó significados como la maldad, la decadencia, el infierno o el castigo. Con lo anterior, en este ensayo se analizan los relatos de Myriam Francis que tienen como figuras centrales a hombres homosexuales “enfermos de sida”. En estos textos, los homosexuales se vinculan, de forma repetitiva, con las nociones de vicio e inmoralidad. Dicha vinculación tiene un valor didáctico-moralizante, ya que, con ella, se pone en tela de juicio la sexualidad de los individuos y, en general, sus “estilos de vida desordenados”, con el fin de hacer un llamado general a la “contención”. Este trabajo se desprende de un proyecto mayor que estudia las representaciones tempranas del VIH/sida y de los sujetos vinculados con la “enfermedad”, en los discursos periodístico, médico y literario costarricenses. La investigación se realizó con el apoyo de una beca de la Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR) y del Servicio Alemán de Intercambio Académico (DAAD).

Este trabajo tiene el objetivo de analizar los factores psicosociales vinculados al no‐uso del preservativo, de 48 mujeres de entre 20 y 49 años de edad, usuarias de pruebas rápidas de detección de VIH/sida, en Mexicali, Baja California. Las usuarias se sometieron de manera confidencial, anónima y voluntaria, a la aplicación de una encuesta y una entrevista, que se llevaron a cabo a la par de la aplicación de la prueba rápida de detección de VIH/sida. Los resultados indican que el uso del preservativo es insuficiente, ya que el uso del mismo no es consistente o no se aplica en todas las prácticas sexuales por igual. También se encontró que las mujeres eligen métodos anticonceptivos hormonales, que únicamente evitan los embarazos no planeados, más no las infecciones de transmisión sexual. Se sugiere la capacitación integral en materia de salud sexual, para mujeres adultas sexualmente activas, con el objetivo de informar en torno a la utilidad del preservativo, así como de desarrollar la asertividad sexual y la toma de decisiones libre, informada y responsable.

Introducción: Las manifestaciones orales, son un factor de diagnóstico, muy relevantes, a tomar en cuenta por el odontólogo, pues estas pueden ser indicadores de infección o progresión del virus del VIH. Objetivo: determinar las manifestaciones orales más prevalentes en niños, adolescentes y adultos con VIH/ SIDA. Método: Se realiza revisión sistemática con empleo de la metodología documental. Se seleccionaron 20 artículos originales, publicados en periodo 2018 – 2023. Los mismos se obtuvieron mediante una búsqueda en bases de datos como: PudMed, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library, Frontiers in Pediatrics y SciElo. Para la matriz de búsqueda se emplearon las palabras claves: “HIV/AIDS”, “oral lesions”, “oral manifestations of HIV”. Resultados: Tras el análisis de los resultados arrojados en la revisión bibliográfica se determina que las manifestaciones orales presentes en adultos con VIH/SIDA son varias, predominando la enfermedad periodontal con un 9, 5 %; seguido de la candidiasis pseudomembranosa, las ulceras orales, gingivitis ulcerativa, la leucoplasia vellosa, y otras. En niños y adolescentes, predominó la candidiasis pseudomembranosa con un 20 % de frecuencia, luego se encontró que tanto la enfermedad gingival (gingivitis necrosante), la enfermedad periodontal y las úlceras orales no especificas presentaron un 8, 9 %, presentándose otras a porcientos inferiores. Conclusiones: Se concluye que existen varias manifestaciones orales en adultos con VIH/SIDA, presentándose como la de mayor frecuencia las enfermedades periodontales, mientras que, en los niños y adolescentes, la más predominantes son candidiasis pseudomembranosa. Pudiendo ser estas las primeras manifestaciones que presente una persona infectada por el VIH.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) remain major public health issues in Nigeria and other developing countries. Discrimination even among healthcare workers (HCWs), which includes poor service delivery at the point-of-care and human rights abuses, are the main factors that continue to hinder HIV eradication in developing countries, and these spread across all levels of HIV/AIDS services, from counseling and testing, to treatment and care. People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) have continued to suffer from unethical conduct, human rights abuses, discrimination, and stigmatization from HCWs, employers of labor, educational institutions, religious houses, and the public. There exist Federal and some State laws that protect the rights and privileges of PLWHA, prevent discrimination and stigmatization from the general public, prevent employers from discriminating against persons with HIV infection, protect workers who criticize hazardous conditions in the workplace, and offer compensation to victims of HIV-related human rights abuses and employees for contracting job-related diseases. However, HIV-related human rights abuses, stigmatization, and discrimination, have continued unabated, not because there are no laws to protect victims, but due to ignorance of the law, complicated by the fact that some existing laws have remained dormant with regard to implementation and enforcement. Domestication of these laws by various State Governments in the country and enforcement by relevant institutions are also big issues. It is imperative for healthcare professionals to be aware of current professional standards and the general public to be aware of laws protecting victims of the virus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study examines the effect of population growth on aggregate domestic investments in 45 Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries over the period 2000-2020. It applies the QuantileMethod ofMoments with fixed effects (i.e., MM-QR), which has the ability to identify both negative and positive effects while controlling for trade, HIV/AIDS prevalence, and economic growth. The findings show that SSA's rapid population growth has a positive and statistically significant effect on aggregate domestic investments. Findings from this study show that an increase in population growth in the 10th to 60th quantiles is associated with an increase of domestic investment in SSA. This suggests that, as the population grows in SSA, it generates demand for domestic investments such as healthcare services, education, and other social services. Our findings also show that trade is positive and significant across all quantiles (10th to 90th). We find evidence that disease risks, such as the prevalence of HIV/AIDS, slowed the increase in domestic investment in the region across all quantiles (10th to 90th). We conclude by arguing that, since SSA's population growth will double in the near future, the region is bound to become world's next investment hub. In order to enable long-term domestic investments in the region, future policy options should take the challenges of population growth into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Plusieurs études ont révélé que le développement d’une nation passe à la fois à un renforcement de son système éducatif et une participation active des jeunes dans les actions sociales visant la prévention et la protection de ces derniers contre des grands fléaux comme le VIH/SIDA. Les connaissances, attitudes et pratiques des élèves finalistes du secondaire de face au VIH/SIDA sont à améliorer. L’intégration du VIH/SIDA dans les curricula de formation à l’école secondaire et la révision de la législation sanitaire afin que les jeunes et adolescents puissent bénéficier des conseils et de dépistage volontaire contre le VIH sans recourir à l’autorisation des parents sont des atouts majeurs visant la réduction des risques à la jeunesse estudiantine vis-à-vis de cette pandémie. En outre, les mesures de sensibilisation contre le VIH/SIDA doivent s’étendre dans d’autres milieux éducatifs tels que la famille, l’église et les associations des jeunes en vue d’espérer à un développement harmonieux de cette jeunesse. Néanmoins, ces prérogatives pourtant réelles restent encore méconnues par un grand nombre des élèves finalistes du secondaire en RD Congo et dont le pays espère dans un avenir proche. L’objet de notre étude est de vérifier le niveau de connaissance des élèves finalistes de secondaire en matière de VIH, déterminer la nature de leurs comportements, leurs attitudes dans la lutte contre cette pandémie et proposer des pistes de solution.

Objective: To determine the seroprevalence and risk factors for chronic infection by T. gondii in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) in the department of Cochabamba. Methods: observational-descriptive cross-sectional study. 325 samples (n=325) of plasma/serum from patients who attended LABIMED between the months of July to August of the year 2016 were used. Data (age, gender and risk factors) were collected in the sociodemographic form. Qualitative serological tests of Indirect Hemaglutination (HAI) and Indirect Immunoflorescence (IFI) were used the latter for confirmation of positive cases. Additionally, the count of CD4+ T lymphocytes was performed by flow cytometry to determine the immunological status of the patients that serves as a guide in clinical treatment. The data were analyzed with the program/software SPSS version 20. Results: the global seroprevalence of chronic infection by T. gondii in the study population was 40%. Consumption of undercooked meat (AOR: 2.85; 95% CI: 1,56-5,22) and farming/gardening activity (AOR: 1,7; 95% CI: 1,07-2,70) were risk factors for chronic T. gondii infection. 45,6% of people living with the HIV/AIDS virus who are positive for toxoplasmosis have a CD4+ T lymphocyte count <200 cells/ml, equivalent to severe immunodeficiency. Conclusions: the study shows a significant seroprevalence of chronic infection by T. gondii, as well as presenting a high severe immunodeficiency in patients with the HIV/AIDS virus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: After 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) proposed Dolutegravir (DTG) as an alternative first-line treatment for adults. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk capable of demonstrating the beneficial effect of Dolutegravir (DTG) compared to other antiretrovirals in predicting atherosclerosis in people living with HIV (PLHIV) and hospitalized in Kinshasa Hospital. Methods: we conducted an interventional study of people living with HIV who had received antiretroviral therapy (ART) for at least 6 months and were treated in the structures of the network coordinated by the Catholic Church (BDOM-Bureau Diocésain des Oeuvres Médicales) and of the University Clinics of Kinshasa (CUK) between January 2017 and December 2021. Subclinical atherosclerosis was defined as Pulsed Pressure (PP) ≥60 mm Hg; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (CIMT) > 0.8 mm; and Systolic Pressure Index (SPI) < 0.9. Logistic regression was used in the statistical analysis of associations. Results: a total of 334 PLHIV were recruited, of whom 96.1% (n=321) were on ART and 13.9% (n=13) were ART naïve patients. The mean age of PLHIV was 51±12 years with a female predominance (70.4%; n=235); the independent determinants of subclinical atherosclerosis were marital status (aOR: 4. 95% CI 1.5-10.5; p<0.006), low socioeconomic level (aOR: 10.7, 95% CI 2.3-48.7 p<0.002), duration of HIV infection (aOR: 6.6, 95% CI 2.8-16; p<0.0001), duration of antiretroviral therapy ≥9 years (aOR: 0.3, 95% CI 0.2-0.7; p<0.005) and total cholesterol ratio/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (CT/HDLc)(aOR: 2, 95% CI 1.1-3.6; p= 0.034). The mean values of traditional and emergent variables were significantly higher in the previous ART regimen without DTG than in the new regimen with DTG. However, dyslipidemia was detected during the new DTG-based regimen. Conclusion: dyslipidemia was common during the DTG-based regimen. Marital status, low socioeconomic level, duration of HIV infection, duration of antiretroviral treatment beyond 9 years and the TC/HDL-c ratio were identified as determinants of subclinical atherosclerosis in PLHIV on ART hospitalized in the Kinshasa hospital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Material and method: This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study with retrospective collection conducted from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2021 in Kisangani on HIV-infected patients. Sociodemographic, clinical and therapeutic data of patients were recorded and analyzed. Results: A total of 124 patients were identified, 71% of whom were females. The majority were aged 26-35, female and unemployed. Provider-initiated testing and counselling was the most common circumstance of discovery of HIV diagnosis (56.4%). Weight loss (48.4%), fever (40.3%) and cough (37.9%) were the main clinical manifestations found in patients. At the time of the discovery of HIV infection, the majority of patients were in category C at stage III of the disease according to the 1993 CDC classification. The most frequently encountered antecedents were sexually transmitted infections (22.6%) and tuberculosis (14.5%). HIV infection mainly affects young adults, females, married, unemployed, urban residents, secondary school and who consult health facilities at the advanced stage of the disease. Conclusion: Public awareness (targeting especially youth) and early use of screening could improve this situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RESUMEN Introducción: En la historia de la humanidad nunca antes una pandemia había causado tanta desolación y tristeza ni destruido a tantas familias con un impacto psicosocial tan alarmante. Objetivo: Determinar el impacto psicosocial del diagnóstico del VIH/sida en las familias de pacientes con ese diagnóstico. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo transversal en las familias de pacientes con el diagnóstico del VIH/sida en el policlínico “Armando García Aspurú”, de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero del 2018 a enero del 2019. El universo estuvo constituido por las 26 familias que tuvieran al menos un miembro enfermo. Resultados: Las vías más frecuentes de información por las que la familia se enteró fueron por el mismo paciente, seguido de la información por los servicios de salud. La reacción de la familia ante la noticia fue la esperanza de que no fuera cierto, seguido por la depresión y la angustia. En las creencias que manifiesta la familia sobre el VIH prevalecieron las opiniones de que la enfermedad la adquieren personas de vida desorganizada. Sobre las pérdidas laborales, académicas y/o sociales sufridas por la aparición del VIH, 84,6 % refirió rechazo a nivel de la pareja. Ante la estigmatización, la familia determina no hablar de la enfermedad por miedo al rechazo y sensación de vergüenza. Conclusiones: La infección por VIH/sida trasciende con multiplicidad de consecuencias en variados niveles. Los grandes impactos se relacionan con la familia, donde la estigmatización juega un papel fundamental como intensificador de la conducta familiar y social.

Background: HIV/AIDS and STIs persist as a global health issue, including in Peru. Objective: To evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to HIV/AIDS and STIs among the Peruvian population. The study: The RE758081 database, gathered in 2021 from the Demographic and Family Health Survey in Peru, was used. 23,060 women aged 15 and over were interviewed. Descriptive analyses were carried out. Findings: All participants were aware of HIV/AIDS; 86.61% endorsed condom use, and 89.17% believed having a single sexual partner decreased risk. However, 49.44% believed HIV could be transmitted by mosquitoes. Regarding practices, 41.12% used a condom during their first sexual experience, only 7.60% sought STI treatment, and 38.94% would conceal an AIDS diagnosis in family members. Conclusions: Despite the level of knowledge, there are significant misunderstandings and risky behaviors. It's crucial to enhance education and prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Homosexuality in the Western world has been considered since the 19th century as a pathology to be treated due to the fear that it would alter/ contagious "the moral health of the homeland". This aspect is crucial, given that being described as a disease by the medicine of the time, it is assigned a profoundly negative moral connotation based on perversion, death and the hideous that survives to date. In order to evidence the persistence today of the understanding of homosexuality according to disease metaphors, a visual and narrative analysis of several relevant Spanish LGTBI+ films of the last decades is carried out. The main themes analysed are HIV/AIDS and death and loneliness. Although it is undeniable that the image of the homosexual has been considerably modified, the film analysis shows that characterising these changes as positive evolution as a deconstruction of the pathological inheritance is a more complex task. The findings show that the deployment of these discourses, while adapting to the different needs of representation and historical contexts, is shown as a constant that allows us to speak of "pathological inheritance". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cette étude vise à analyser les représentations sociales du VIH/SIDA chez les usagers de drogues (UD) à Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire). Elle a été réalisée dans le cadre du projet de Réduction des Risques (RdR) auprès des usagers de drogues à Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire). Ce projet comportait des discussions de groupe, des entretiens individuels avec les usagers de drogues-Travailleu-(rs) (ses) de Sexe et Hommes ayant des rapports sexuels avec d'autres Hommes. Nous rappelons que bien avant la mise en place de ce projet (RdR) à Abidjan, une étude (quantitative) bio comportementale approuvée par le comité d'éthique et réalisée en 2014 à Abidjan par l'ONG française Médecins du Monde, a révélé une prévalence élevée du VIH (9,8%), d'hépatites virales B et C (10,9% et 2,4%), de la tuberculose (2,9%) et de la syphilis (2,4%) au sein de la population usagère de drogues. Fort de ces constats, la présente recherche qualitative a été initiée. La technique d'effet boule de neige a été utilisée pour le choix des participants et des observations ont été conduites sur six (06) sites de consommation de drogues dits „fumoirs" ou „ghettos" à Abidjan. En sommes 30 personnes ont été interrogées à travers vingt-deux entretiens individuels et un focus group regroupant huit (08) personnes usagères de drogues. La théorie de la représentation a été utilisée. Elle (la représentation sociale) permet de rendre compte des attitudes et pratiques sexuelles des usagers de drogues. Il ressort des résultats que, bien qu'il y ait les antirétroviraux (ARV) pour le traitement du VIH/Sida et malgré toutes les campagnes de sensibilisation sur les modes de transmission et de prévention sur cette pathologie, les usagers de drogues à Abidjan, âgés en général de 15 à 45 ans, perçoivent cette maladie comme synonyme de mort. L'image véhiculée par le VIH/Sida est la peur, l'amaigrissement, la perte des cheveux et la mort. En outre, la dépendance à la drogue et l'infection au VIH/Sida sont appréhendées par certains usagers de drogues comme un sort lancé par un membre de leur famille. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this text was to analyze the processes of structuring of health services in Presidente Prudente, SP in the light of the tensions caused by the HIV/AIDS epidemic in its historical course. To this end, we sought methodological support by means of a narrative bibliographical review on the central themes, as well as efforts to elaborate cartographic products about the organization of health services. Thus, we evaluate that the construction of the health services aimed at HIV/AIDS in Presidente Prudente has presented excellent results and has also put countless efforts in terms of service and efficacy. However, they still present some difficulties in acting beyond the hospital-centric-curative and assistencialist model. Faced with this, we recommend that specialized health services transcend the vision of overflying so that they can access people and immerse themselves in everyday life, because it is in this dimension that the social expression of the disease is organized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Psicologia, Diversidade e Saúde is the property of Revista Psicologia, Diversidade e Saude and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sexualidad, Salud y Sociedad: Revista Latinoamericana is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The following article problematizes the influence of public knowledge about AIDS on Spandex's performances: underground parties celebrated in Santiago de Chile between 1991 and 1992, which were pioneer manifestations of entertainment that brought together many identities, especially LGBTI people, boosting a metropolitan cultural uncovering longed for who suffered sociopolitical violence during military dictatorship (1973-1990). For this, we interview to five gay men which produced or just were to the parties for to know about motivations, dynamics and effects of performances and its relationship with public knowledge about AIDS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción. En el siglo XX, el Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida, detectado en los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica en el año 1981, alcanzó de inmediato carácter epidémico explosivo en las principales urbes del país y se extendió a otras partes del mundo, como un grave problema de la salud mundial. El objetivo del presente trabajo es evaluar el nivel de información sobre VIH/sida, que tienen los estudiantes del cuarto año de la carrera de Medicina de la Universidad de Gambia. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio observacional-descriptivo de corte transversal, durante el año 2020, a partir de la colaboración entre profesionales de la salud de la Universidad de Gambia y cubanos del mismo sector que prestan sus servicios en esa nación. El universo y muestra los conformaron los 44 estudiantes del año mencionado. Resultados. Los encuestados poseen una información inadecuada acerca del tema; con mayor dificultad los estudiantes del sexo masculino; un alto por ciento reconoce la vía sexual como la principal en la transmisión del VIH/sida y el uso regular y adecuado del preservativo como medio de protección contra el virus; pero no dominan las condiciones de sexo seguro. El servicio de consejería es la principal orientación ante una relación sexual dudosa; en tanto que, el medio primordial de adquisición de los conocimientos fue la escuela. Discusión. Se constató la correspondencia de los resultados actuales con los de investigaciones de diferentes partes del mundo, en las cuales destaca el factor de la masculinidad y lo cultural como determinantes en el conocimiento y percepción del riesgo en los individuos. Se reconoce además el papel del personal de salud para la prevención y educación de la población./Introduction. In the 20th century, the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, detected in the United States of America in 1981, immediately acquired an explosive epidemic in the main cities of the country and spread to other parts of the world, as a serious problem of the world health. The objective of this work is to evaluate the level of information on HIV / AIDS that students in their fourth year of Medicine at the University of Gambia have. Methods. An observational-descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out during 2020, based on the collaboration between health professionals from the University of Gambia and Cubans from the same sector who provide their services in that nation. The universe and sample were made up of the 44 students of the mentioned year. Results. Respondents have inadequate information on the subject; with greater difficulty male students; a high percent recognize the sexual route as the main one in the transmission of HIV / AIDS and the regular and adequate use of condoms as a means of protection against the virus; but the conditions of safe sex do not dominate. The counseling service is the main orientation before a questionable sexual relationship; whereas, the primary means of acquiring knowledge was school. Discussion. The correspondence of the current results with those of research from different parts of the world was verified, in which the masculinity and cultural factors stand out as determinants in the knowledge and perception of risk in individuals. The role of health personnel for prevention and education of the population is also recognized.

Introduction: The lack of knowledge, the minimum culture of prevention that reduces exposure factors and risks of HIV/AIDS are common in sex workers, for this reason the objective of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics in women sex workers who attend the El Priorato health center, Ecuador. Methodology: A study with a cross-sectional and descriptive design was carried out in female sex workers who attended the aforementioned care center, during the year 2020. A questionnaire was used to evaluate the characteristics of the women evaluated. Results: A total of 100 women were analyzed, 58% were between 25-29 years old, a similar percentage had a maximum of secondary education, 46% were of Colombian origin, 66% began their work before 20 years of age., 48% did not have children and a similar percentage had less than 3, 36% reported that they never used a condom, 77% had sexual relations with at least 2 different people daily, 54% had no knowledge of HIV prevention/AIDS, 54% are rarely tested for HIV/AIDS and 60% rarely received training about the disease. Conclusion: The sex workers who attend the Priorato Health Center show a high frequency of ignorance of HIV/AIDS and of the main actions for its early identification, therefore it is urgently necessary to initiate immediate training and prevention strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Toxoplasmosis is defined as a cosmopolitan protozoan disease caused by an obligate intracellular coccidia, Toxoplasma gondii. The advent of HIV infection has made cerebral toxoplasmosis one of the most widespread neurological opportunistic infections. Method: We conducted a descriptive crosssectional study with retrospective review of files of cerebral toxoplasmosis on HIV infected patients who had been hospitalized in the infectious diseases department of Point G University Hospital between January 1st, 2014 and September 30th, 2019. Results: During the study period, the frequency of cerebral toxoplasmosis was 10.1% and in 46.4% of the patients, the diagnosis led to the discovery of HIV co-infection. The clinical features were characterized by fever, headaches, and motor deficit at 86.6%, 84.5% and 69.1% respectively. Roundel image on computed tomography was most represented and was found in 24.4% of patients. Anti-toxoplasma treatment based on trimethoprim /sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) associated with folinic acid was initiated in 78 patients out of 90, but 19 patients had a contraindication or adverse effects to this combination and were treated with clindamycin. HAART was initiated in 31 patients out of 45 (68.9%) newly diagnosed. The overall prognosis was limited with a mortality rate of 42%. Conclusion: The prevalence of cerebral toxoplasmosis was high in our study, 10.1%. To reduce this prevalence, chemoprophylaxis should be initiated in all HIV-infected patients with a CD4 count below 200 cells/mm³. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]