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Herbal Medicine Products (HMPs) are ever-present and demand still keeps on the rise, despite of fact that modern medicines are well developed. So, regulative intervention and attempts by various regulatory bodies across the globe to ensure the safety, quality, and efficacy of HMPs have been a real-time challenge. While Allopathic medicines principally depict chemical substances, and those interactions had been well-known, validated also, proper regulatory standard then relevant measures are put into action. HMPs, instead by and large consisting numerous ingredients holding multifaceted combinations along with plant constituents then frequently likewise comprise of roughly anonymous complexes, therefore, building affecting regulatory framework toward measure affecting worth about those drugs is more tricky. So, through this manuscript efforts have been made to summarize definitions, basis of formulating policies and measures pertaining on registration and regulation of herbal medicinal products (HMPs) for both regulated and emerging markets i.e., United States, India, China, Japan, and Europe.

Very few studies have examined the interaction between various environmental and life style factors on elevated serum GGT concentration. Such studies especially in tribal dominated Jharkhand is further rare. Whereas the present study has been done to elucidate the interaction between overweight/obesity and alcohol intake on liver enzyme concentrations and results of instant study have been found to be very useful for better clinical practice. In the instant study, it has been found that higher Body Mass Index (BMI) of patients were associated with elevated Serum GGT level, which in turn associated with hypertension, incident diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease etc., which increases the morbidity and mortality. Aims & Objectives- The aim of this study is to examine the association between various environmental and lifestyle factors on elevated serum GGT level in a community based indigenous population in Eastern part of India and its clinical relevance. Material and Methods The present study enrolled a total of 404 patients either through outdoor or indoor patients coming to Department of Medicine, RIMS, Ranchi, Jharkhand. Patients with serum GGT concentrations > 38 IU/L and aged 18 years or above from all different communities were included for the study. Additionally, we excluded patients with Serum GGT level ˂ 38 IU/L, yielding a final sample of 193 patients (75 women) for the present study. All patients provided written consent, and the study protocol was approved by the Institution Review Board of the Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand. Participants’ age, gender, religion followed by community, occupation with annual per capita income, BMI were recorded. Retrospectively participants’ dietary habits were also recorded. Strengths and Limitations The present study has several strengths including the community based sample of men and women, their religion, occupation, income which indirectly affect their life style like physical activity. However, there are several limitations that must be noted like small sample size, localized population of Eastern India, which limits the generalizability of our result to other ethnic groups.

Knowledge about the extent of source variation in relation to growth and fodder yield characters is very useful for improvement of multipurpose tree species (MPTs). The present studies were conducted to assess the variability among 23 progenies of Ailanthus excelsa for its further improvement. Morphological and genetic analyses were used to identify the elite progeny and record the variations in different progenies of A. excelsa. Significant differences (P >0.05) were recorded among the progenies of A. excelsa for growth and fodder yield characters. Maximum diameter 15.33 and 86.11 mm was recorded in progeny P23 after 6 and 12 months of planting. The genotypic coefficient of variation was much less than the phenotypic coefficient of variation for growth characters, i.e. height, diameter and volume index indicating the influence of environment on growth. Maximum phenotypic coefficient of variation (53.98) and genotypic coefficient of variation (31.16) were observed for volume index. High heritability values for leaf fodder yield (67.00%) and height (64.00%) was observed, while low heritability was observed for height and diameter. The genetic advance as per cent of mean varied from 4.63 to 47 .31 % (leaf fodder). Plant height and diameter after 12 months of planting showed positive correlation with each other and fodder yield. Progeny P23 showed consistency in terms of growth and found superior over others. Non Hierarchical Euclidean cluster analysis (D2), of 23 progenies grouped the progenies into 4 clusters. The intra and inter-cluster distance indicated the presence of wider genetic distance between A. excelsa progenies. Maximum inter-cluster distance between cluster II and IV (3.93) followed by cluster III and IV indicates greater divergence between genotypes belonging to these clusters and an attempt to cross the genotypes in these clusters should bring out desirable gene combinations. Among the growth attributes, volume index contributed maximum to genetic divergence.