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type:image, This video introduces steps of Harmful Algae monitoring in Chile performed by the SATREPS-MACH project. It includes the procedures from sampling to data summary. The video is created to present to the public what Harmful Algae are and how toxic algae are being monitored. The video also aims to explain to scientists how to use metabarcoding analysis for monitoring algal species. This film answers these questions visually step by step. See more information about the SATREPS-MACH project: https://www.mach-satreps.org

type:image, The dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella is a well-known paralytic shellfish toxin producer that forms harmful algal blooms (HABs) worldwide. Blooms of this species have repeatedly brought severe marine ecological and economic damages to Chile. A clear mechanism of HABs has been a long term debate. Algal-bacterial interaction is one of the recently discussed potential drivers for HABs. The present study isolated A. catenella strain from Quellón, which has been severely impacted by frequent A. catenella blooms, to study in-situ bacterial diversity in cultured A. catenella. We investigated intact bacteria that have survived for generations in culture A. catenella, postulating that they were essential for A. catenella survival. We monitored the intact bacteria in seawater from Quellón biweekly for two years using metabarcoding analysis. Our laboratory study discovered that the dominant attached bacteria for the culture A. catenella after maintaining years were of the genus of Paraglaciecola 49.86%, Spongiibacter 10.74%, Reichenbachiella 10.01%, and Thalassospira 5.89%. Our field studies showed evidence of the frequent presence of attached Paraglaciecola in seawater in Quellón. The other three bacterial genus were occasionally detected during the two year study period. The study suggests that these bacterial taxa are candidates for playing a pivotal role in A. catenella growth., XLIII Annual Meeting of the Society of Microbiology of Chile 2021 November 30 - December 2, 2021

The Lafken Mapu Lahual Coastal Marine Protected Area of Multiple Uses (Lafken Mapu Lahual), Osorno coast, southern Chile, is one of the first protected areas of created in Chile during 2006, but only in 2019 its Management Plan was presented. This study provides information on its marine mammal species to be used in future biodiversity monitoring plans. The sighted mammals were recorded and counted through 18 navigation tracks and one observation point in the 2014-2015 austral breeding season. Five species were recorded systematically (one whale species, two dolphin species, one marine otter species and a one sea lion species). Two of them (Lontra felina and Balaenoptera musculus) are classified by the IUCN in the conservation category corresponding to Endangered. Laken Mapu Lahual is an important area for the species of whales that use it for their migratory route to the south of Chile.

The Chilean flamingo (Phoenicopterus chilensis) is an endemic aquatic bird of South America. In Chile, it is found in both highland lagoons as well as in marine wetlands. Nevertheless, dietary studies in marine environments are scarce. This work characterized the interannual variation in the winter diet of flamingos found in the marine wetland of Bahía Caulín, southern Chile. To this end, we determined the size of prey items consumed between June and September of the 2011, 2014 and 2015. A total of 157 feces were analyzed (77 feces in 2011 and 80 feces between 2014 and 2015). The diet of Chilean flamingo during 2011 was carnivorous and was formed by only three preys, the foraminifera Ammonia beccarii, the copepod Harpacticus sp. as well as polychaetes. During 2014-2015 its diet was omnivorous, and consisted of 15 categories of prey items, among which the consumption of algae and plant fibers was stressed. Regarding the sizes of prey consumed by flamingo, the diameter of the foraminifera oscillated between 100 and 900 µm with predominance of organisms between 400 and 600 µm. The width of Harpacticus sp. consumed ranged from 160 to 260 µm with a predominance of organisms between 200 and 220 µm. The width of consumed Parawaldeckia kidderi ranged between 140 and 800 µm with predominance for organisms between 140 and 400 µm. The width of Monocorophium insidiosum consumed oscillated between 80 and 500 µm with predominance for organisms between 80 and 400 µm. The Chilean flamingo would be a partially selective predator whose selection of prey would be given by the morphostructural restrictions of the peak of this bird., El flamenco chileno (Phoenicopterus chilensis) es un ave acuática endémica de América del Sur. En Chile habita tanto en lagunas altiplánicas como en humedales marinos. Sin embargo, los estudios dietarios en ambientes marinos son escasos. En este trabajo se caracterizó la variación interanual en la dieta invernal del flamenco en el humedal marino de Bahía Caulín, sur de Chile. Para ello, se determinó el tamaño de las presas entre junio a septiembre del 2011, 2014 y 2015. Se analizó un total de 157 heces (77 heces en 2011 y 80 heces entre 2014 y 2015). La dieta del flamenco chileno durante el 2011 fue carnívora y estuvo conformada sólo por tres presas: el foraminífero Ammonia beccarii, el copépodo Harpacticus sp. y poliquetos. Durante 2014-2015 su dieta fue omnívora, incluyendo la presencia de 15 categorías de presas, entre las que destacó el consumo de algas y fibras vegetales. En lo que respecta a los tamaños de las presas consumidas por el flamenco, el diámetro de los foraminíferos osciló entre los 100 y 900 µm con predominio de organismos entre los 400 y 600 µm. El ancho de Harpacticus sp. consumidos osciló entre los 160 y 260 µm con predominio para los organismos entre los 200 y 220 µm. El ancho de Parawaldeckia kidderi consumidos osciló entre los 140 y 800 µm con predominio para los organismos entre los 140 y 400 µm. El ancho de Monocorophium insidiosum consumidos osciló entre los 80 y 500 µm con predominio para los organismos entre los 80 y 400 µm. El flamenco chileno sería un depredador parcialmente selectivo cuya selección de presas estaría dada por las restricciones morfoestructurales del pico de esta ave.

Through a review of scientific literature published between 1960 and 2010 relating to wild birds of the archipelago of Chiloé, 70 articles were published from which we generated a summary update on the status and development of the ornithology in this archipelago. During the decade 1971-1980 the ornithological research in Chiloé were focused towards studies on the abundance and distribution of birds, starting (1981-1990) research on interspecific interactions between birds and the native forest, reaching its highest development during the decade 1991-2000. Between these years, increase the number of articles and the diversity of research lines development. In the decade 2001-2010, reproductive studies (seabirds and terrestrial) and associated with biological conservation dominated universe of articles found. The study sites of the ornithological research in Chiloe were mainly concentrated in and near of the Senda Darwin Biological Station. It recognizes the presence of 156 species of wild birds in Chiloé, of which 11,5% is within a category of threat to their conservation., Mediante una revisión de la literatura científica publicada entre los años 1960 y 2010 referente a las aves silvestres del archipiélago de Chiloé, se encontraron 70 artículos publicados desde los cuales se generó una síntesis informativa actualizada sobre el estado y desarrollo de la ornitología en este archipiélago. Durante la década 1971-1980 las investigaciones ornitológicas en Chiloé estuvieron enfocadas hacia estudios sobre la abundancia y distribución de las aves, dando comienzo (1981-1990) a investigaciones sobre interacciones interespecíficas entre las aves y el bosque nativo, alcanzando su mayor desarrollo durante la década 1991-2000. Entre dichos años, aumentó tanto el número de artículos publicados como la diversidad de líneas de investigación desarrolladas. En la década 2001-2010, estudios sobre biología reproductiva (aves marinas y terrestres) y relacionados a la biología de la conservación dominaron el universo de artículos encontrados. Los sitios de estudio donde se realizaron las investigaciones ornitológicas en Chiloé estuvieron concentrados principalmente en las dependencias y cercanías de la Estación Biológica Senda Darwin. Se reconoce la presencia de 156 especies de aves silvestres en Chiloé, de las cuales el 11,5% se encuentra dentro de alguna categoría de amenaza para su conservación.

We describe the synanthropic behavior of Lontra felina along its geographic distribution. The marine otter used fishing ports infrastructure for shelter and food. It forages on the remains of fish discarded by fishermen. Identified threats to the conservation of this species in synanthropy include incidental mortality in fisheries and persecution by domestic animals. The opportunities are creating niche food and shelter, which favor the permanence and population growth. Finally, we identify the important variables to consider in future studies on synanthropy of this marine mammal in the socio-ecological systems.

This video introduces steps of Harmful Algae monitoring in Chile performed by the SATREPS-MACH project. It includes the procedures from sampling to data summary. The video is created to present to the public what Harmful Algae are and how toxic algae are being monitored. The video also aims to explain to scientists how to use metabarcoding analysis for monitoring algal species. This film answers these questions visually step by step. See more information about the SATREPS-MACH project: https://www.mach-satreps.org

The dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella is a well-known paralytic shellfish toxin producer that forms harmful algal blooms (HABs) worldwide. Blooms of this species have repeatedly brought severe marine ecological and economic damages to Chile. A clear mechanism of HABs has been a long term debate. Algal-bacterial interaction is one of the recently discussed potential drivers for HABs. The present study isolated A. catenella strain from Quellón, which has been severely impacted by frequent A. catenella blooms, to study in-situ bacterial diversity in cultured A. catenella. We investigated intact bacteria that have survived for generations in culture A. catenella, postulating that they were essential for A. catenella survival. We monitored the intact bacteria in seawater from Quellón biweekly for two years using metabarcoding analysis. Our laboratory study discovered that the dominant attached bacteria for the culture A. catenella after maintaining years were of the genus of Paraglaciecola 49.86%, Spongiibacter 10.74%, Reichenbachiella 10.01%, and Thalassospira 5.89%. Our field studies showed evidence of the frequent presence of attached Paraglaciecola in seawater in Quellón. The other three bacterial genus were occasionally detected during the two year study period. The study suggests that these bacterial taxa are candidates for playing a pivotal role in A. catenella growth., XLIII Annual Meeting of the Society of Microbiology of Chile 2021 November 30 - December 2, 2021

This video introduces steps of Harmful Algae monitoring in Chile performed by the SATREPS-MACH project. It includes the procedures from sampling to data summary. The video is created to present to the public what Harmful Algae are and how toxic algae are being monitored. The video also aims to explain to scientists how to use metabarcoding analysis for monitoring algal species. This film answers these questions visually step by step. See more information about the SATREPS-MACH project: https://www.mach-satreps.org

The dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella is a well-known paralytic shellfish toxin producer that forms harmful algal blooms (HABs) worldwide. Blooms of this species have repeatedly brought severe marine ecological and economic damages to Chile. A clear mechanism of HABs has been a long term debate. Algal-bacterial interaction is one of the recently discussed potential drivers for HABs. The present study isolated A. catenella strain from Quellón, which has been severely impacted by frequent A. catenella blooms, to study in-situ bacterial diversity in cultured A. catenella. We investigated intact bacteria that have survived for generations in culture A. catenella, postulating that they were essential for A. catenella survival. We monitored the intact bacteria in seawater from Quellón biweekly for two years using metabarcoding analysis. Our laboratory study discovered that the dominant attached bacteria for the culture A. catenella after maintaining years were of the genus of Paraglaciecola 49.86%, Spongiibacter 10.74%, Reichenbachiella 10.01%, and Thalassospira 5.89%. Our field studies showed evidence of the frequent presence of attached Paraglaciecola in seawater in Quellón. The other three bacterial genus were occasionally detected during the two year study period. The study suggests that these bacterial taxa are candidates for playing a pivotal role in A. catenella growth., XLIII Annual Meeting of the Society of Microbiology of Chile 2021 November 30 - December 2, 2021