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Aim: To evaluate the indication of the endodontic treatment for vital intact teeth with the root apex involved in large radicular cystic lesions of endodontic origin. Methodology: This prospective cohort study enrolled healthy participants with radicular cysts of endodontic origin and with the root apex of vital intact teeth involved in the bone defect, as determined by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Thirty‐two sound vital teeth were analysed by thermal (TPT) and electric pulp tests (EPT) before surgery (T0) and 1 week (T1), 2 weeks (T2), 3 months (T3) and 6 months (T4) post‐surgery. Student's t‐test (p <.05) was used to compare the EPT values at baseline and T4. anova (p <.05) was used to analyse the EPT variations for all maxillary and mandibular teeth. McNemar test (p <.05) was used to compare the results according to variation in EPT values gathering by variation, no variation and no response. Results: At T1, 75 and 65.7% of teeth responded positively whilst 25 and 34.3% did not respond to EPT and TPT, respectively. The variation of the EPT values between T0 and T1 was observed for 50.0% of teeth, whilst no variation was noticed in 25.0% of teeth. At T4, 90.6 and 87.5% of teeth responded positively whilst 9.4 and 12.5% did not respond to EPT and TPT, respectively. At T4, variation of the EPT values between T0 and T4 was observed for 28.1%, whilst no variation was noticed in 62.5% of teeth. There were no statistical differences in EPT results between T0 and T4 (p >.05), but significant differences were observed for EPT values between T1 and T4 (p <.05), and between mandibular and maxillary teeth. The pulp sensibility of maxillary teeth worsened after surgery, before reverting progressively to T0 values, whilst no statistically significant differences were observed for mandibular teeth at the different time points. Conclusions: These data support the inconsistence of the prophylactic endodontic treatment in healthy vital teeth with apex involvement in large cystic lesions of endodontic origin. Post‐surgery follow‐up with TPT and EPT is recommended to assess pulp status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Restoring vital teeth with indirect restorations may threaten dental pulp integrity. However, the incidence of and influential factors on pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis in such teeth are still unknown. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the incidence of and influential factors on pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis of vital teeth following indirect restorations. Methods The search was conducted in five databases, using MEDLINE via PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library. Eligible clinical trials and cohort studies were included. The risk of bias was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute’s critical appraisal tool and Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. The overall incidences of pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations were calculated using a random effects model. Subgroup meta-analyses were also performed to determine the potential influencing factors for pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE tool. Results A total of 5,814 studies were identified, of which 37 were included in the meta-analysis. The overall incidences of pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations were determined to be 5.02% and 3.63%, respectively. All studies were assessed as having a moderate-low risk of bias. The incidence of pulp necrosis following indirect restorations increased when the pulp status was objectively assessed (thermal/electrical testing). The presence of pre-operative caries or restorations, treatment of anterior teeth, temporization for more than two weeks, and cementation with eugenol-free temporary cement, all increased this incidence. Final impression with polyether and permanent cementation with glass ionomer cement both increased the incidence of pulp necrosis. Longer follow-up periods (> 10 years) and treatment provided by undergraduate students or general practitioners were also factors that increased this incidence. On the other hand, the incidence of periapical pathosis increased when teeth were restored with fixed partial dentures, the bone level was 10 years. The certainty of the evidence overall was assessed as low. Conclusions Although the incidences of pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations remain low, many factors affect these incidences that should thus be considered when planning indirect restorations on vital teeth. Database registration PROSPERO (CRD42020218378).

Background: Restoring vital teeth with indirect restorations may threaten dental pulp integrity. However, the incidence of and influential factors on pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis in such teeth are still unknown. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the incidence of and influential factors on pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis of vital teeth following indirect restorations. Methods: The search was conducted in five databases, using MEDLINE via PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library. Eligible clinical trials and cohort studies were included. The risk of bias was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tool and Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. The overall incidences of pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations were calculated using a random effects model. Subgroup meta-analyses were also performed to determine the potential influencing factors for pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE tool. Results: A total of 5,814 studies were identified, of which 37 were included in the meta-analysis. The overall incidences of pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations were determined to be 5.02% and 3.63%, respectively. All studies were assessed as having a moderate-low risk of bias. The incidence of pulp necrosis following indirect restorations increased when the pulp status was objectively assessed (thermal/electrical testing). The presence of pre-operative caries or restorations, treatment of anterior teeth, temporization for more than two weeks, and cementation with eugenol-free temporary cement, all increased this incidence. Final impression with polyether and permanent cementation with glass ionomer cement both increased the incidence of pulp necrosis. Longer follow-up periods (> 10 years) and treatment provided by undergraduate students or general practitioners were also factors that increased this incidence. On the other hand, the incidence of periapical pathosis increased when teeth were restored with fixed partial dentures, the bone level was < 35%, and the follow-up was > 10 years. The certainty of the evidence overall was assessed as low. Conclusions: Although the incidences of pulp necrosis and periapical pathosis following indirect restorations remain low, many factors affect these incidences that should thus be considered when planning indirect restorations on vital teeth. Database registration: PROSPERO (CRD42020218378). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the ceramic veneer approach can be considered more predictable than direct composite veneer. To date, there is a lack of studies comparing the clinical performance of anterior veneers cemented on vital teeth (VT) and non-vital teeth (NVT). This longitudinal clinical study investigated the performance of ceramic veneers in VT or anterior NVT. A total of 55 patients were evaluated in the study. Two groups were defined based on the vitality status of the teeth (93 teeth—vital and 61 teeth—non-vital). The United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria were used to assess the clinical status. The data were evaluated statistically with the Mann–Whitney U test. All restorations were considered acceptable, and only one veneer in VT failed for the criteria of secondary caries. There were no statistically significant differences in any of the criteria evaluated (p ≤ 0.671). The ceramic veneers evaluated showed a satisfactory clinical performance both in VT and NVT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this umbrella review was to retrieve and assess the available systematic reviews reporting on pulp treatment of vital primary teeth with deep carious lesions. Methods: A literature search was conducted on electronic bibliographic databases to locate systematic reviews reporting on vital pulp therapy techniques or medicaments with two-arm comparisons and a follow-up period of at least 24 months. Eligible reviews were selected, data were extracted, and the risk of bias was assessed using a risk of bias in systematic reviews (ROBIS) tool. The degree of overlap was evaluated by calculating the corrected covered area (CCA). Results: Nine systematic reviews that cited 96 primary studies, with a high degree of overlap (14 percent CCA) were included. Indirect pulp capping had the highest success rate (94 percent) at 24 months, followed by direct pulp capping (88.8 percent), with different medicaments not significantly affecting the outcome. Pulpotomy showed the lowest success rate (82.6 percent), with the highest quality of evidence supporting the effective application of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and formocresol (FC). Conclusions: The high success rate of pulp therapy techniques for the management of deep caries in vital primary teeth is evident; nevertheless, there remains insufficient evidence to draw scientifically solid conclusions about which technique and material are superior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Objectives Deciding when cuspal coverage is needed for posterior teeth is considered a challenge for dentists. The aims were to assess dentists' decision making regarding the need for cuspal coverage for vital teeth (VT) and endodontically treated teeth (ETT) with varying amounts of tooth structure loss and to identify clinical situations of dissimilarity and uncertainty in decision making. Materials and Methods A random sample of 182 dentists were invited to participate in the survey. The survey included photos of 13 posterior teeth: six VT and seven ETT. The clinical situations selected were based on a hypothetical scale of typodont teeth with ascending amounts of tooth structure loss. A brief description of each situation was provided. Each dentist was asked to decide whether cuspal coverage is needed, not needed, or unsure. Descriptive analyses using SPSS were conducted. Seventy‐five percent was chosen as a cutoff point for assessing similarity in decision making. The unsure answer reflected uncertainty. Associations were assessed using chi‐square test. Results One hundred twenty dentists participated (65.9% response rate, 70 females). Median for years of experience was 3.5 (interquartile range 1.1–10.8). Analyses revealed a similarity percentage of

Hashim M Hussein, Ahmed S Raafat, Zainab S Amory, Mohammed Jasim AL-JubooriDepartment of Dentistry, Al-Rafidain University-College, Baghdad, IraqBackground: During endodontic treatment, endodontists must be aware of the various factors that may decrease or increase blood pressure. This study aimed to assess the mean percentages of systolic, diastolic, and arterial blood pressure (MSBP, MDAP, MABP) reduction in patients with vital irreversible pulpitis in teeth and who were treated at three visits to endodontists in three age groups (20–34 years, 35–50 years, 51–65 years).Materials and methods: A total of 100 teeth with vital irreversible pulpitis from 100 patients were included. All patients underwent 3 visits for endodontic treatment. The 1st visit included removal of vital pulp tissue and a determination of working length, the 2nd visit included canal preparation and widening, and at the 3rd visit the canal was obturated and sealed by gutta percha and sealer. Blood pressure for all patients was checked and documented once before starting treatment and three times during treatment at different intervals during all visits.Results: There were significantly higher percentage reductions in MSBP, MDBP, and MABP at the 1st visit for endodontic treatment in comparison to other visits (2nd and 3rd) for all patients. Additionally, there were significantly higher percentage reductions in MSBP, MDBP, and MABP at the 1st visit for endodontic treatment in comparison to other visits in males and females, for all age groups, both anesthesia injection-type groups (infiltration and block), and all treated tooth types except mandibular anterior teeth, and there were nonsignificant differences among groups. However, there were nonsignificant differences in MSBP, MDBP, and MABP between males and females, between infiltration and block injection groups and in relation to teeth types at all visits.Conclusions: The reduction of blood pressure in patients undergoing endodontic treatment of vital teeth with irreversible pulpits is common, especially at the 1st visit for pulp extirpation.Keywords: irreversible pulpitis, endodontic treatment, vital teeth, anesthesia, age, gender

This study aimed to compare the amounts of external root resorption (ERR) during different modalities of orthodontic treatment (OT) in root-filled teeth (RFT) and their contralateral teeth with vital pulp (VPT) in the same patient. The study sample consisted of 69 patients in two groups: 35 patients in the non-extraction group (18 female, 17 male; 18.16 ± 3.79 years), and 34 patients in the extraction group (19 female, 15 male; 17.72 ± 2.78 years). Digital panoramic radiographs of each patient taken before and after OT were used to measure the tooth length and root surface area. The amounts of ERR in RFT and contralateral VPT were evaluated pre- and post-OT in mandibular molars. The data were statistically analyzed with the paired t-test, independent t-test, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) (p <.05). A statistically significant difference was observed in both the orthodontic treatment groups when RFT and VPT were compared in terms of ERR (p <.05). A significant difference was observed between RFT and VPT in extraction treatments when the reduction in the root area between the two sides in the groups was compared (p <.05). RFT are more resistant to ERR than VPT. The ERR in RFT may not be a significant matter for the planning of OT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the overall endodontic therapy success using 0.12% or 2% chlorhexidine gluconate as main irrigant. Seventy‐two teeth diagnosed as vital, necrotic or previously treated teeth with apical periodontitis that were consecutively treated by orthograde therapy. All cases were followed clinically and radiographically for at least 1‐year period. Success was established in teeth without signs or adverse clinical symptoms and complete or incomplete radiographic healing. Failure was determined in teeth with any sign or adverse clinical symptoms and a new, unchanged or enlarged radiographic periapical lesion. The data were analysed using chi‐square and Fischer's exact tests. The overall success rate for teeth undergoing vital pulp was 84.6%, 76.2% as for the necrotic teeth and 84% for the retreatment cases. No significant differences were observed between groups (P > 0.05). Cases treated with CHX as main irrigant showed a high overall endodontic therapy success rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of bleaching agents on dentin microhardness during and after bleaching. Method and materials: Specimens were randomly assigned to seven groups (n = 15): Nite White Excel 2 Z [NW] 10% and 22%; Rembrandt [REM] 10% and 22%; Opalescence [OPA] 10% and 20%; and a placebo agent. The 42-day whitening treatment consisted of daily application of the agents to the dentin surfaces for 8 hours, followed by immersion in artificial saliva for 16 hours. After the bleaching treatment, specimens were kept immersed in artificial saliva for 14 days. Microhardness was measured at baseline, 8 hours, and 7,14. 21,28, 35, and 42 days of bleaching and during the posttreatment period (7 and 14 days). Results: The analysis of variance for split-plot showed a significant effect on the interaction between bleaching agent and time. Tukey's test and regression analyses revealed that during the bleaching period, the agents NW 10%, NW22%, and OPA 20%, which did not differ from each other, did not alter dentin microhardness, showing constant microhardness values. There were no differences among REM 10%, REM 22%, and OPA 10%, which showed significant reductions in microhardness after day 14 compared to other agents. After bleaching procedures, there was an increase in dentin microhardness for all groups. Conclusion: Throughout the bleaching treatment, depending on the agent applied, dentin showed a transitory decrease in microhardness values. In the posttreatment period, artificial saliva presented a remineralizing effect on the bleached surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we evaluated the effect of an in-office vital tooth bleaching technique with 35% hydrogen peroxide when irradiated by a laser source with a compound light system, consisting of an association of LED-type emission devices that generate light in two different wavelengths: 470 nm and 830 nm. A patient with tooth color A3 (Vita color shade scale) underwent 2 whitening sessions. The result obtained in the first session was a shade alteration from A3 to A2, and in the second session from A2 to A1. After 24 h, the patient did not report postoperative hypersensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Deciding when cuspal coverage is needed for posterior teeth is considered a challenge for dentists. The aims were to assess dentists' decision making regarding the need for cuspal coverage for vital teeth (VT) and endodontically treated teeth (ETT) with varying amounts of tooth structure loss and to identify clinical situations of dissimilarity and uncertainty in decision making. Materials and Methods: A random sample of 182 dentists were invited to participate in the survey. The survey included photos of 13 posterior teeth: six VT and seven ETT. The clinical situations selected were based on a hypothetical scale of typodont teeth with ascending amounts of tooth structure loss. A brief description of each situation was provided. Each dentist was asked to decide whether cuspal coverage is needed, not needed, or unsure. Descriptive analyses using SPSS were conducted. Seventy‐five percent was chosen as a cutoff point for assessing similarity in decision making. The unsure answer reflected uncertainty. Associations were assessed using chi‐square test. Results: One hundred twenty dentists participated (65.9% response rate, 70 females). Median for years of experience was 3.5 (interquartile range 1.1–10.8). Analyses revealed a similarity percentage of <75% in decision making among dentists for six clinical situations: four VT and two ETT. More similarity was observed for situations at both ends of the scale with minimal and severe amounts of tooth structure loss and more for ETT than for VT. The highest percentages of uncertainty were more for VT than for ETT. Clinical conditions of VT were more likely to receive the "not sure" decision compared with those of ETT (χ2, P < .001). No association was detected with gender (χ2, P = .509) or years of experience (χ2, P = .223). Conclusions: Dissimilarity and uncertainty in deciding when cuspal coverage is needed were observed especially for VT and teeth with a moderate amount of structure loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The difference in the amount of orthodontic-induced external root resorption (OIERR) of endodontically treated teeth (ETT) compared with vital pulp teeth (VPT) treatment is controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the available evidence regarding OIERR of ETT compared with VPT. PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were searched up to May 2018 to retrieve relevant studies. The studies were evaluated for eligibility criteria, and the risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias In Non-randomised Studies of Interventions tool (Cochrane Bias Methods Group, Odense, Denmark). Weighted means of OIERR in ETT and VPT were calculated using a fixed effects model, and a random effects model was used to assess the significance of treatment effects. Eight studies were identified, from which 7 were included in the meta-analyses. The funnel plot of the random effects model exhibited a symmetrical distribution, which indicates no publication bias of the included studies. Because of the significant heterogeneity between studies, a random effects model was used. Significantly less OIERR for ETT was identified compared with their contralateral VPT. Endodontic treatment does not seem to increase OIERR. • Evidence about OIERR of ETT and VPT was assessed. • Endodontic treatment does not seem to increase OIERR. • Root canal therapy is advocated for inflamed teeth prior orthodontic treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate in vitro the retention and the resistance form, as well as the failure modes of maxillary premolars restored with cast metal crowns and different core materials. Materials and Methods: Sixty human extracted maxillary premolars were selected according to their size and were embedded in PMMA resin blocks. After removing a part of their clinical crowns, the teeth were randomly divided into 3 groups of 20 teeth and were either left unrestored, or they were restored with amalgam or composite resin. All teeth were prepared for a cast metal complete coverage restoration. The restorations were cemented on the prepared teeth with a resin‐modified glass ionomer luting agent (GC Fuji Plus). All specimens were subjected to static loading at 1 mm/min by a universal testing machine, until failure. Half the specimens of each group were subjected to tensile loading along the long axis of the teeth. The other half were subjected to compressive loading at a 30° angle. Failure loads and failure modes for each tooth were recorded. The statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, one‐way ANOVA, and Tukey's HSD test. Results: One‐way ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences among the 3 tested groups (p < 0.05) for both tests. The group of teeth with no core material presented the highest failure loads for both the tensile and the compressive loading tests, with mean loads of 381.02 Ν and 741.21 Ν, respectively. Mean tensile and compressive failure loads for the amalgam group were 277.34 Ν and 584.75 Ν, while the composite resin group presented the lowest tensile and compressive failure values, which were 250.77 Ν and 465.78 Ν, respectively. The compression loading test resulted in the same failure mode for all specimens, which included unfavorable fracture of the teeth in combination with detachment of the cast metal complete coverage restorations. The tensile loading test resulted in different failure modes between the groups that used a core material and the group with no core material. Conclusions: Teeth that lost more than half of their coronal structure presented better retention and resistance form if no core material was used, provided that a minimum of 2‐mm axial wall height was present at the missing part. Teeth that have lost more than half of their coronal structure and were restored with amalgam core presented better retention and resistance form than those restored with composite resin. Catastrophic fractures, extending to the root, were associated with compression forces but not with tensile forces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was comparison between digital radiography as the conventional method and Root ZX electronic apex locator (EAL) in measurement of root canal length in primary anterior teeth, and to clinically assess the influence of pulp status (vital or necrotic pulp) on the accuracy of Root ZX EAL. Thirty-five maxillary primary anterior teeth indicated for pulpectomy in 19 healthy pediatric dental patients were selected for the study. Electronic canal measurements were done using Root ZX electronic apex locator with file in place, and radiographs were taken to confirm the correct working length. Radiographic measurements were obtained by measuring the root canal length through digital ruler in Romexis software (Planmeca, 4.5.2.R). Root canals were cleaned, irrigated, dried, obturated and teeth restored. Considering that the clinically acceptable error tolerance of ±0.5 mm, 48.6% (17/35) canals showed acceptable differences between the two measurements. There was no significant (P>.05) effect of pulp condition on the measurement accuracy of Root ZX (EAL). Root ZX (EAL) could be used as an adjunct tool to radiographs during root canal therapy in primary anterior teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composites are increasing in popularity as restorative materials. This growing role indicates the necessity of studies on their clinical outcome. In this study, clinical studies published on the performance of posterior composite restorations were included except those of less than a 24-month assessment period. Results of non-vital, anterior or primary teeth and cervical single-surface restorations were also excluded. Records about composite type, number of final recall restorations, failure/survival rate, assessment period and failure reasons were analysed for each decade. Overall survival/failure rates for studies in 1995-2005 were 89.41%/10.59% and for 2006-2016 were 86.87%/13.13%, respectively. In 1995-2005, the reasons for failure were secondary caries (29.47%) and composite fracture (28.84%) with low tooth fracture (3.45%) compared with reasons of failure in 2006-2016, which were secondary caries (25.68%), composite fracture (39.07%), and tooth fracture (23.76%). An increase in incidence of composite fracture, tooth fracture and need for endodontic treatment as failure reasons was noted in the latter decade in addition to a decrease in secondary caries, postoperative sensitivity, unsatisfactory marginal adaptation and wear. The overall rates of failure showed little difference, but the causes showed a notable change. This is believed to be a reflection of increased use of composites for larger restorations and possibly changes of material characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Acute periapical inflammation is the most common cause of postoperative pain developing as a result of mechanical, chemical and/or microbial injury of periapical tissue. The major inflammatory event responsible for periapical pain is increased vasodilatation and vascular permeability, partly caused by prostaglandin E2, with consequent edema, which leads to the compression of nerve fibers. Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of prostaglandin E2 in apical tissue fluid after endodontic treatment of intact and teeth with large restorations and to compare it with the occurrence and intensity of postoperative pain. Methods. Single-rooted teeth of 24 patients, selected for this study, were distributed into two groups: intact (group 1, n=27) and asymptomatic teeth with large restorations (group 2, n=20). Clinical examination of the involved teeth included the electric pulp test, recording pain on percussion, spontaneous pain, and a radiographic examination. Samples of apical tissues fluid were obtained from root canals at two treatment visits, and prostaglandin E2 concentrations were measured using radioimmunoassay. Pain intensity was assessed by visual analogue scale. Results. Prostaglandin E2 concentrations at the second visit, in teeth with large restorations, was significantly higher (36%) than at the first treatment visit (Wilcoxon signed rank test, p

• The accuracy of using racemization to estimate age in Endo teeth is unclear. • AAR rates of 3 types of teeth were compared between vital and Endo teeth. • In all cases, the AAR rates of Endo teeth were higher than in vital teeth. • Endo teeth are unlikely to applicable to AAR analysis in forensic practice. • More study is needed to reveal the reason for high AAR rates in Endo teeth. Amino acid racemization of dentin (AAR) is among the most precise methods for age estimation in unidentified adult cadavers. Although vital teeth are generally used for this technique, cases often have endodontically treated (Endo) teeth only. Therefore, the aim of this preliminary pilot study was to determine the applicability of Endo teeth by comparing AAR rates between vital and Endo teeth. Thirty-six dentin samples from vital teeth and 18 dentin samples from Endo teeth were analyzed, including the maxillary first premolar, maxillary second molar, and mandibular second premolar. Standard calibration curves for the mandibular second premolar and maxillary second molar were compared among vital teeth, Endo teeth, and mixed vital/Endo teeth. Discrepancies between estimated and actual ages were assessed by analyzing the AAR rates for the maxillary first premolar between vital and Endo teeth. The AAR rates for Endo teeth were higher than those for vital teeth in both the mandibular second premolar and maxillary second molar, and the correlation of the standard calibration curve for vital teeth only was highest (r = 0.982836; r = 0.92011467), followed by mixed (r = 0.949579; r = 0.76158) and Endo teeth only (r = 0.896082; r = 0.744991). In the maxillary first premolar, discrepancies were more than 10 years for all 5 Endo teeth, based on the standard calibration curve of vital teeth. The present study suggests that the AAR rates for Endo teeth might be affected by variation in dentin structure between vital and Endo teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endodontic therapy carried out on vital pulps is associated with an increased incidence and intensity of pain. Various intra-canal medicaments are proposed to reduce post-operative pain after Root canal treatment. The objective of the study was to determine the frequency of post-operative pain after use of intra-canal dexamethasone in root canal treatment of vital teeth when compared with the Prednisolone. One hundred and twenty patients (with age range between 18-50 years) were randomly divide into two equal group. One group received Decadron (dexamethasone 4mg/ml) intravenous solution as intra-canal medicament, and the 2nd group received prednisolone acetate solution 2.5% in aqueous suspension obtained as commercial preparation. After 24 hours Post-operative pain was marked on Visual Analog Scale. There was statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between dexamethasone and prednisolone groups, with dexamethasone being more effective in reducing post-operative pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To measure pulp blood flow rates of clinically normal maxillary anterior teeth of healthy adults using ultrasound Doppler flowmetry ( UDF). Methodology A total of 359 anterior teeth from 63 patients (mean age, 29.8 years; range, 22-52 years; 26 females and 36 males) were included. The data were collected according to tooth type (three groups: central incisors, lateral incisors and canines). An MM- D- K ( Minimax, Moscow, Russia) ultrasound Doppler imaging instrument was used to measure pulp blood flow. Differences between the tooth types were analysed with one-way anova and a Bonferroni correction at the 95% confidence level. Results The mean average linear velocities during the systolic period ( Vams) of the central incisors, lateral incisors and canines were 0.58, 0.58 and 0.52 cm s−1, respectively. There were no significant differences in the mean Vams between the tooth types ( P > 0.05). Conclusions Within the limitations of this study, the pulp blood velocities of clinically normal, maxillary anterior teeth of healthy adults were between 0.5 and 0.6 cm s−1. There were no significant differences in mean blood flow rates between maxillary central incisors, lateral incisors and canines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sclerosis of dentinal tubules may be a response to pathological or physiological insult in the crown & root. The mechanism by which apical translucency is produced is still uncertain. The increase in size of the apical zone of sclerotic dentin in human teeth has been used often in forensic science as a method of age estimation. However, only few studies have been done to compare percentage of translucency between vital and non-vital teeth. Conflicting concepts exist regarding the amount of translucent dentin in the vital & non vital teeth and correlation of this variation with age of the subject. Aims: To investigate the amount and distribution of apical translucent dentin in group-matched vital and non-vital teeth. Materials and Methods: Study was conducted on 70 extracted teeth, which were subjected for vitality test before extraction, and divided into two groups (vital & non-vital teeth) with a minimum of 35 teeth in each group. Ground sections of 150μ thickness were observed under Stereomicroscope and photographed. The distribution of area and length was measured on the images captured, using PROPLUS IMAGE ANALYSIS SOFTWARE version 4.1.0.0 software. Results and Conclusions: The present study revealed significant differences (p<0.05) in apical translucency of dentin, when both vital and non-vital teeth types were compared. There was more apical translucency present in non-vital when compared with vital teeth at any given age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To comparatively analyze the clinical efficacy of conservative treatment for vital teeth after tooth fractures and dead dental pulp. Methods Vertically fractured teeth were divided vital teeth group and dead dental pulp group, and were given direct intraoral bonding, and complete coronal restoration were given four weeks later. Six months and twelve months after treatment, patients were reviewed, and graded according to clinical manifestations and periodontal status, and the data were statistically analyzed. Results The results of six minths follow-up showed that the success rate in half a year had no significantly difference between two methods ( P > 0.05) . The results of one year follow-up showed that the success rate in one year was higher in vital teeth group than that in dead dental pulp group (P< 0.05) . Conclusion Conservative treatment has better effect for vital teeth than dead dental pulp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: External apical root resorption (EARR) is one of the detrimental outcomes of an orthodontic treatment. The study was aimed to compare the mean EARR between endodontically treated and its contralateral vital tooth in adult orthodontic subjects., Methods: A total of 30 subjects were included in the study. EARR was evaluated on pretreatment and post-treatment orthopantomograms using Rogan Delft View Pro-X software. Equal number of endodontically treated and their contralateral vital teeth were evaluated. Linge and Linge method was used to evaluate the pretreatment and post-treatment root lengths. For comparison of EARR between genders, treatment type and vital versus endodontically treated teeth, Mann-Whitney U Test was applied. Spearman correlation was applied to determine the correlation of EARR with age of the patient, duration of treatment and pretreatment root length. A probability value of ≤0.05 was kept as statistically significant., Results: Vital teeth showed more root resorption as compared to endodontically treated teeth and in females as compared to males. A weak positive correlation was found between the root resorption and patient's age & pretreatment root length. In vital teeth, a weak negative correlation was appeared between root resorption and duration of the treatment. However, none of these correlations were significant., Conclusions: EARR appeared to be greater in vital as compared to the root filled teeth and in females as compared to the males. However, EARR was not significantly correlated with duration of treatment, age of patient and pretreatment root length.