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Inland waters (rivers, lakes and ponds) are important conduits for the emission of terrestrial carbon in Arctic permafrost landscapes. These emissions are driven by turnover of contemporary terrestrial carbon and additional pre-aged (Holocene and late-Pleistocene) carbon released from thawing permafrost soils, but the magnitude of these source contributions to total inland water carbon fluxes remains unknown. Here we present unique simultaneous radiocarbon age measurements of inland water CO2, CH4 and dissolved and particulate organic carbon in northeast Siberia during summer. We show that >80% of total inland water carbon was contemporary in age, but pre-aged carbon contributed >50% at sites strongly affected by permafrost thaw. CO2 and CH4 were younger than dissolved and particulate organic carbon, suggesting emissions were primarily fuelled by contemporary carbon decomposition. Our findings reveal that inland water carbon emissions from permafrost landscapes may be more sensitive to changes in contemporary carbon turnover than the release of pre-aged carbon from thawing permafrost.

Dynamic energy budget (DEB) theory provides a framework for quantifying metabolic processes and biological rates. DEB models have been widely applied to aquaculture species, but this type of model has great potential for application to fisheries for stock assessment and enhancement. The shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis, widely distributed along the coast of China and Korea, is the most important fisheries and aquaculture species in China. With the AmP method, DEB parameters were estimated for the population along the coast of China. The parameter estimation achieved an overall goodness of fit with MRE of 0.131 and SMSE of 0.178. In comparison with similar species, the values of a few main parameters are relatively high including reserve capacity (Em), somatic maintenance (ṗM) and allocation fraction to growth and somatic maintenance (κ). This may reflect an adaptation to variation of environmental conditions. The model can predict the physiological behaviours including respiration, ammonia excretion and feeding rates reasonably well. It shows overall capability to predict the growth and reproduction with acceptable confidence in three main geographic regions. There are clear differences between the female and male with much faster growth rate of the former. Validations of the model have shown that it can adequately predict growth of the shrimp in both its natural distribution waters and land-based culture systems. This study provides important information for further development of modeling tools which can contribute to estimating the carrying capacity for stock enhancement and optimizing production from integrated multi-trophic aquaculture.

Although servant leadership has been acknowledged as an important predictor of employees&rsquo, behavioral outcomes in the service industry, there is still no cohesive understanding of the positive association between servant leadership and employees&rsquo, customer-oriented behavior (COB). This research, drawing on cognitive affective processing system theory (CAPS), empirically investigates the influence of servant leadership on employees&rsquo, COB by exploring two mediators (i.e., organizational identification and vitality). We conducted two studies in China, using a cross-sectional design to survey employees in service-oriented technical organizations (Study 1) and a time-lagged design to survey hospitality employees with frontline service jobs in star-level hotels (Study 2). Across both samples, we found that servant leadership enhanced employees&rsquo, COB by simultaneously increasing their organizational identification and vitality. We discuss the implications of these results for future research and practice.

During adolescence, self-concept develops profoundly, accompanied by major changes in hormone levels. Self-evaluations become more complex, and peers and their opinions increasingly salient. Neuroimaging studies have investigated self- and other-related processing in adolescents, however, the influence of similarity of peers on these processes is still unclear, as well as functional connectivity underlying such processes. We investigated the effect of peer similarity on neural activity and connectivity underlying self- and other-referential processing, by distinguishing between a similar and dissimilar peer when making other-evaluations. Moreover, we explored the association between testosterone and brain activity during self-evaluations. Sixty-six young adolescents underwent functional MRI while performing a trait judgement task in which they indicated whether an adjective described themselves, a similar or a dissimilar classmate. The ventral medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) showed increased engagement in self-referential processing, and the posterior cingulate cortex and right temporal parietal junction during other-evaluations. However, activity did not differ between the similar and dissimilar other conditions. Functional connectivity of the ventral MPFC included the striatum when evaluating the similar peer and frontoparietal regions when evaluating the dissimilar peer. Furthermore, inter-individual differences in testosterone levels were positively associated with dorsal MPFC activity in males. This study provides insight into the influence of peer similarity on activity and connectivity underlying other-referential processing in young adolescents, and suggests that testosterone affects neural correlates of self-referential processing.

Essentially, this book discusses ‘the relevance, limitations and/or applicability of specific values to the ‘quality of governance’. This chapter focuses on ‘integrity’ as the basic value, reflecting on its relationship with quality. This is not a simple endeavor. Integrity and quality of governance relate to a multitude of topics and disciplines. Basic questions concern the precise meaning and relevance of ‘governance,' of ‘integrity of governance’ and of ‘quality of governance’ (including many of the values addressed in this book, including legitimacy, accountability, transparency, lawfulness, and effectiveness). Our basic line of reasoning seems to be that integrity is an important (public) value amidst (many) others, while quality refers to all relevant values. This chapter focuses on some questions-perhaps even blind spots-in our interpretation of integrity within such a quality framework. A number of topics or questions will be addressed in the next paragraphs: (1) What is ‘governance’? (2) What is ‘integrity (of governance)'? (3) What is ‘quality of governance’ as used in research into public values, good government, and good governance? (4) What is the meaning/content of integrity in the context of quality of governance or good governance, taking into account the different phases of governance? The process of answering these questions will prompt suggestions for our research agenda.

In the concluding chapter, the editors address the central topics of the book as well as some lessons learnt on quality of governance. Public values do matter, but how do they relate (and conflict), with many actors involved in public governance, including at street level and in public-private networks? A broad panorama of values appears to be important for the quality of governance, but the interpretation of the values differs and context is always relevant (macro, meso, and micro). Thus, the work in progress and the chapter define an agenda for future research and offers food for thought for all levels of governance.