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Five-minute heart-rate variability (HRV) measurement is a useful tool for assessing the autonomic nervous system (ANS) balance in humans, but there are no studies on healthy dogs. The aim of the study was, therefore, to provide the reference ranges in small and medium-sized breeds for short-term HRV time and frequency domain (TFD) analyses.

Splenic hemangiosarcoma is a malignant neoplastic pathology with severe implication on the vital prognosis of the patient. Thus, despite multimodal therapeutic management, which involves both splenectomy and subsequent systemic chemotherapy, the average survival time is approximately 4.5-6 months. As a result of the unfavorable vital prognosis, but also for financial reasons, some owners opt for conservative (palliative) therapeutic [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Progression of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) in dogs is a common cause of left atrial enlargement. Recently, a classification of left atrial (LA) size based on echocardiographic measurement has been proposed. This study aims to determine the radiographic LA size by reporting the cutoff values of VHS and VLAS for different groups of echocardiographic‐measured LA size in dogs with MMVD. This retrospective analytical cross‐sectional study included dogs diagnosed with MMVD grouped based on the echocardiographic LA size into normal (LA/Ao < 1.6), mild (1.6–1.89), moderate (1.9–2.2), and severe enlargement (>2.2) and were compared with ACVIM classification. VHS and VLAS were measured on the right lateral radiograph for each dog and cutoff values were calculated. One hundred and three dogs with MMVD were included in the study. A very strong positive correlation was observed between LA/Ao ratio and VHS (rs, 0.823, P <.01) or VLAS (rs, 0.834, P <.01). For VHS, a cutoff of 10.7 v, 11 v, and 11.5 v were established for echocardiographic LA thresholds of 1.6, 1.9, and 2.2 with a sensitivity of 79%, 92%, and 90% and a specificity of 97%, 90.7%, and 78.1%, respectively. For VLAS, a cutoff of 2.5 v, 2.7 v, and 2.9 v were established for echocardiographic LA cutoffs of 1.6, 1.9, and 2.2 with a sensitivity of 73%, 80%, and 83.3% and a specificity of 94%, 92%, and 86.3%, respectively. The results of this study may facilitate clinical decisions based on radiographic examination in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Practica Veterinara.ro is the property of MEDICHUB MEDIA, S.R.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Lens subluxation is mainly produced by the interruption, damage or degeneration of the suspension system of the zonules. In the case of felines, the primary etiology responsible for the appearance of this pathology is represented by anterior uveitis preceding the moment of diagnosis, often complicated by secondary glaucoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diagnosis of the gallbladder oedema is difficult during the clinical examination because the clinical signs are not specific for this disease. The causes of this pathology are multiple and can be divided into emergencies (such as anaphylactic shock, right-sided hearth failure, pericardial effusion) and chronic pathologies (such cholecystitis, pancreatitis or immune-mediated hemolytic anemia). Imagistics methods complete the information of the clinical exam and ultrasound is considered the golden standard for diagnosing this pathology. Normally, at the ultrasound exam, the gallbladder has a hyperechoic wall, with a diameter of 2-3 mm; while in case of gallbladder oedema, the wall is thick and has a triple stratification, with 2 hyperechoic rows, separated by a hypoechoic line. This pathognomonic description of the gallbladder oedema is also known as the 'Halo Sign' or 'Double Rim Effect'. Making a correct differential for the appearance of the sign is vital for the outcome of the case. The main focus is to exclude every emergency cause in order to start treating the chronic pathologies. This paper presents the pathologies leading to gallbladder oedema, met at the Radiology and Emergencies Departments from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Iasi during the period march 2020 - may 2022. The clinical case presented was diagnosed and treated at the Center of Endoscopy and Minimally Invasive Surgery Bucharest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pancreatitis represents the most often met pathology of the exocrine pancreas. It can be acute or chronic depending on the percentage of lesions to the parenchyma. The causes of the pathology aren't fully understood yet but it has been observed that inadequate nutrition has a really important role. Some breeds are thought to be more predisposed to this pathology such as: Yorkshire Terrier, Cocker, Dachshund. The clinical signs can range widely; many patients are subclinical (especially the ones with chronic pancreatitis), while others can have a variety of gastro-intestinal signs. We can divide this signs into characteristic ones (such as vomiting, diarrhea, apathy, abdominal pain) and uncharacteristic signs (such as ascites, jaundice, fever). Seeing the complexity of this pathology, just a simple clinical examination won't help us diagnose it, but will give us clues for what paraclinical exams to take. This article will present the correlation between ultrasound imagistic findings considered to be the main tool for examination of the pancreatic structure and canine pancreatic lipase (also known as CpL), considered to be the golden standard for detecting pancreatic disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bilateral cryptorchidism is seldom in tomcats. Clinical diagnosis is challenging because the testicles can be located in the abdominal cavity, a situation in which they cannot be palpated, or in the inguinal region, a situation in which they are difficult to identify due to the subcutaneous fat layer. Ultrasound is the most available imaging method for diagnosing this pathology. The testicles have a characteristic structure that is easy to recognize. Ultrasound localization of the testicles allows the approach through a smaller incision, and the use of a castration hook to extract the testicle from the abdominal cavity. The blood vessels and ductus deferens can be ligated with absorbable suture material, but can also be sealed with bipolar forceps. The reason why vascular sealing with bipolar forceps was chosen was to reduce surgical time and to reduce the amount of embedded foreign material. From a histopathological point of view, coagulation necrosis was observed on both blood vessels and ductus deferens. The suture of the abdominal wall was made in a continuous pattern. Skin staples were used to save time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hoof woodpeckers or penetrating foreign bodies in the hoof are frequently found in working horses. A special pathology is encountered in horses that work in forestry environment. Unlike the metalic foreing body (so called clou de rue) that just penetrate the sole, the wood goes in by hammering (by sudden pressure). Movement between the hoof and the 3rd phalanx causes the foreign body to advance in depth. The study was carried out on a number of 54 working horses in the forestry environment, males, aged between 4 and 14 years. The diagnosis was established on the basis of the clinical examination and the history, the radiological examination being inconclusive. As a particularity, the fragmentation of wooden foreign bodies does not occur at the time of extraction but at the time of hammering through the hard tissues due to the forces that determine the change of the penetration trajectory. Restraint was achieved by physical and chemical means (sedation and anesthesia). The wound was cleaned and then the hole in the hoof wall was widened with the help of the hoof knife. The foreign body was extracted using a thick forceps or a dental extraction forceps. The dressing was changed every 48h until healing. The wound had been washed with potassium permanganate solution (KMnO4) or betadine 10%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Journal of Veterinary Orthopedics & Imagistic is the property of Innovation in Health Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a complex hemodynamic condition defined by increased pulmonary vasculature pressure. The precise diagnostic can be obtained by evaluating the clinical status of the patient, performing complex imaging methods and by direct assessment of pulmonary arterial pressure. Invasive methods are considered golden standard; however, these techniques are limited in animals with respiratory failure. Previous studies aimed to evaluate the cut-off value of the PV/PA ratio in different types of PH in dogs. Therefore, the aim of this study is to correlate the type of PH with the changes of the pulmonary vein to pulmonary artery ratio (PV/PA) in dogs assessed by transthoracic echocardiography. The ratio was assessed using the right parasternal long axis view of the heart in B-mode and Mmode. This retrospective study included thirty-nine dogs presented for cardiologic examination at our Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Dogs were divided in three groups as following: control group (n=10), precapillary PH group (n=16) and postcapillary PH group (n=13). The median and interquartile range (M±IQR) of the PV/PA ratio were 0.95 (0.79-1.5) in the control group, 0.85 (0.55-0.92) in precapillary PH group and 1.86 (1.44-2.16) in the postcapillary PH group. The area under the curve (AUC) for the PV/PA ratio comparison between the control and postcapillary PH groups was 1 (P<0.05), suggesting a cut-off ratio of 1.17 for the postcapillary PH group. This value is lower than the previous suggested value (>1.7). The importance of this finding derives from the ability to observe early changes induced by PH in dogs diagnosed with different stages of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), even when the tricuspid regurgitating jet cannot be assessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Practica Veterinara.ro is the property of MEDICHUB MEDIA, S.R.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Practica Veterinara.ro is the property of MEDICHUB MEDIA, S.R.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Journal of Veterinary Medicine & Pharmacology is the property of Innovation in Health Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mediastinal cysts are previously described as incidental findings in cats. A nine years old, 2.8 kg, Persian cat was presented to out Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH) for mild dyspnea. Chest radiographies, revealed an incapsulated soft tissue opacity in the cranial mediastinum. Thoracic lung ultrasonography (LUS), evinced the presence of a cyst-like structure. Furthermore, the cat was subjected to complete cardiological examination and complete blood analysis. Echoguided drainage followed by cytological examination was carried out in order to reach a definitive diagnostic and to improve the general status of the patient. No other medical treatment has been pursued. Monthly evaluations have been performed during a period of five months, and the drainage was repeated one more time until the complete resolution of the pathology. No signs of relapse have been noticed over a period of two years. Only four cats diagnosed with idiopathic mediastinal cyst have been mentioned in the literature. To the author’s best knowledge, this is the first case report which describes the dynamic evolution of an idiopathic mediastinum cyst in Persian cat presented for mild dyspnoea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung ultrasonography (LUS) is a non-invasive and rapid method used for the diagnostic of respiratory diseases in all mammals. The changes in clinically observed respiratory patterns can be correlated with the modifications observed during transthoracic ultrasonography, thus the clinician can select an appropriate protocol for managing the animals with respiratory distress. The aim of this study is to emphasize the clinical utility of lung ultrasonography when dealing with cats in an emergency setting. Cats presented with respiratory distress were retrospectively reviewed and classified based on the aetiology of the disease. Lung ultrasonography was performed using the thoracic fast protocol (T-FAST). Vet BLUE ultrasonography and chest radiography were performed only when the clinical status of the patient was suitable for these diagnostic methods. Thirty-nine cats met the inclusion criteria. The presence of free fluid, B-lines, shred sign, nodule sign, organ sign and barcode sign have been assessed for each patient. Based on the findings, a differential diagnostic and a management protocol had been proposed. Lung ultrasonography is a non-invasive, stress-free and fast examination with high sensibility and specificity for diagnosing cats with breathing difficulty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most common cardiac measurements on thoracic radiography in veterinary medicine are vertebral heart size (VHS) and vertebral left atrial size (VLAS). Previously published studies have demonstrated evidence that reference ranges for these measures vary among different dog breeds, however reference ranges for Maltese breed dogs are currently lacking. We hypothesized that VHS and VLAS in healthy Maltese dogs would not be influenced by sex, age, or bodyweight. This retrospective, reference interval study aimed to describe reference intervals for VHS and VLAS in a sample of clinically healthy Maltese dogs and assess the intra‐ and interobserver variabilities for VLAS and VHS measurements. A total of 81 clinically healthy Maltese dogs were included, with healthy status being based on a complete cardiologic examination. Thoracic radiography in right lateral recumbency was performed for all dogs. The intra‐ and interobserver variability assessments of VHS and VLAS were based on measurements independently performed by three observers. The mean VHS was 9.53 ± 0.46 vertebrae (v). The median and interquartile range (IQR) for VLAS was 2 v (IQR, 1.8‐2.1v). A statistically significant moderate positive correlation was observed between VHS and VLAS (P <.01, r = 0.416). Both VHS and VLAS showed an almost perfect intraobserver agreement. Interobserver agreement was almost perfect for VHS and substantial for VLAS. Findings supported previous studies recommending the use of breed‐specific reference values for VHS and VLAS, and provided background data for future radiographic evaluations of Maltese dogs with clinical signs of cardiac disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pathologies of the liver and gallbladder present very diversified clinical signs, needing additional exams, like imagistic ones. The radiological and ultrasonography exam represent the main imagistic methods for diagnosing this pathologies at dogs. Radiography brings data regarding the shape and volume modification of the liver, without offering any information about the gallbladder. Ultrasonograpy of the liver allows a more detailed examination of the internal structure, including vascularization and the bile ducts. Ultrasonography is also useful in fine needle aspiration and biopsy, as a non-invasive method of diagnosis. The goal of this study was of analysing the prevalence of liver and gallbladder pathologies arriving at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Iași, and their diverisity. A number of 177 pacients were examined between 2018 and 2020. All the dogs undergone the ultrasonographic exam. During the examination, 62 pacients were diagnosed with modifications at the level of the gallbladder while only 43 were diagnosed with modifications at the level of the hepatic parenchima. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current paper aims to outline the most common fish diseases that affect farmed cyprinids in ponds from the Prut river basin, in order to better understand and reduce fish health risks. After 2 field work expeditions to Rompescaris farm -Podu-Iloaiei from Iasi county and to Dracșani fish farm from Piscicola-Botoșani county, biological samples were collected, in May 2021. Using net fishing the following fish species were harvested: carp (Cyprinus carpio), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio var. specularis). the biological material, the moribund specimens with visible lesions were isolated and the apparently healthy specimens were released. The collected specimens were subjected to a clinical, a parasitological and a bacteriological investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 3 years old bitch was admitted with an inguinal mass. The ultrasound exam determined that the mass contained one live fetus and another 2 hyperechoic areas that surrounded one hypoechoic area each. We made an incision on the mass and found both uterine horns herniated through the left inguinal ring. We decided to perform ovariohysterectomy through the inguinal ring and after we did herniorrhaphy. The bitch recovered in a few days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this article is to find a way to estimate the lengh of the laparotomic incision after the size of the organ that needs to be removed was measured using an ultrasound machine. Incision size is a very important aspect in post-surgery recovery. A small incision leads to a faster recovery, reduces the risc of post-surgery infections, it leads to less pain for the animal and a lesser inflamatory response. An incision made at first too small needs to be lengthened until it gets to the proppers size and that means extending the time of surgery, producing unnecesary trauma by makeing multiple cuts and increasing the risk of error. We used a total of 25 queens and 18 bitches for this study. We performed an ultrasound exam on each animal and determened the size of the uterine horns and ovaries. Than we used the area of the largest section to estimate the lengh of the incision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]