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Aim: This study aims to describe the various concerns and treatment strategies associated with the polycystic ovarian syndrome. Polycystic syndrome of ovaries is the most prevalent endocrine problem in adult women and is distinguished by anovulation, excess androgen, and the involvement of ultrasound polycystic ovaries. Hirsutism, obesity, miscarriage, and menstrual irregularities are the signs that are particularly troubling for patients. The hypothesis describes that PCOS is a systemic disease reinforced by recent discoveries amplifying hormones and cytokines in muscle mass tissue. Result and discussion: The treatment strategy should be adapted to the patient's phenotype, problems, and willingness to replicate. Infertility care centers on treatments for activation of ovulation and may include medications, such as metformin, letrozole, clomiphene, and gonadotropin. The application of oral contraception and the adjuvant application of anti-androgens also includes the management of hirsutism. For both treatments of infertility and long-term management, weight loss in obese women with PCOS can be helpful. Conclusion: The literature survey concluded that the proper diagnosis and treatment of PCOS are important; otherwise, it cannot be adequately controlled and can cause many metabolic disorders and other health-related risks.

An acute respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus, namely, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), began spreading across China in late December 2019. The disease gained global attention as it spread worldwide. Since the COVID-19 pandemic began, many studies have focused on the impact of the disease on conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disorders, and renal malfunction. However, few studies have focused on musculoskeletal disorders related to COVID-19 infection. In this review, we update the current knowledge on the coronavirus with special reference to its effects during and after the pandemic on musculoskeletal aliments, which may inform clinical practice.

Background Clubfoot is a common congenital foot deformity. Low folate status in mothers has been associated with CTEV. Folate metabolism might be affected by Methylene Tetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphism. The present study was aimed to investigate MTHFR C677T polymorphism and its association with CTEV. Methods This is a Case-mother-Dyad study with 30 pairs of cases and controls. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) analysis of the MTHFR gene was done in this hospital-based study by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results In this study, we observed less relative risk of CTEV in presence of C allele as compared to T allele in children, with Relative Risk- 0.6281 and likelihood ratio of 0.5714. While analysing the correlation of genotype variation in cases (CC = 8(26.66%) and CT = 22(73.33%)) with there biological mother (CC = 13(43.33%) and CT = 17(56.66%)), no significant correlation (p = 0.3110) was found between cases and their biological mother genotype. Conclusion Among the enrolled cases, there was a significant association of increased CTEV risk with 677T variant allele of MTHFR gene. Also, maternal MTHFR genotype was not found to influence CTEV risk of offspring.

The most aggressive and deadliest form of cancer for adolescence and young adults is osteosarcoma. Current treatment of osteosarcoma mainly consists of chemotherapy along with surgery has dramatically improved survival rate. However unfortunately, the survival-rate remained unchanged in its metastatic stages that might be due to chemoresistance against the treatment of osteosarcoma. Till date, in clinical applications, there is no precise diagnostic/prognostic marker of osteosarcoma. Metallothioneins are thiol rich intracellular proteins, which binds to several cytotoxic agents. Metallothionein isoforms participate actively in numerous physiological and patho-physiological processes like proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and the heavy metals detoxification. There are many evidences in literature which are suggestive of participation of these proteins in carcinogenesis and antitumor therapy. Furthermore, a number of studies also reveal the important role of metallothioneins in tumor cell defense mechanism against the radiotherapy by preventing apoptosis. Also in osteosarcoma patients in comparison to healthy controls, the higher level of metallothioneins levels further indicates their significant role. Moreover higher level of metallothionein-2A in chemotherapy resistance patients with osteosarcoma further becomes potential supportive evidence. According to the information available in the literature, one may accomplish that metallothioneins has a role in osteosarcoma progression and chemoresistance and may become a potential diagnostic marker as well as a reliable therapeutic target. However, further multicentric studies are needed in support. A better knowledge of the communication among metallothioneins in osteosarcoma as well as with chemotherapeutic agents is necessity and may exposed new perspectives in cancer treatment. Keywords: Osteosarcoma, Metallothionein, Biomarkers, Chemoresistance

The Insolvency and Bankruptcy law was introduced to consolidate and amend the laws that would give certainty of process, time, and outcome to creditors, borrowers, and other market participants. It has improved the jurisprudence of insolvency in the country. The case also demonstrates the parliamentary form of government as the Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (CIRP) provisions were clarified even though, the decision of the National Company Law Appellate Tribunal(NCLAT) was pending before the Supreme Court. This case comment attempts to analyze the judgment of the Hon'ble Supreme Court of India (hereinafter referred to as Supreme Court) in the case of Committee of Creditors of Essar Steel India Limited through Authorized Signatory v. Satish Kumar Gupta and Ors, which dealt with a pertinent and extremely contentious issue of the Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (CIRP) under Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), 2016, and the scope of powers of the Committee of Creditors (CoC) of corporate debtors thereof., {"references":["Prachi Bharadwaj, NCLATs order set aside in Essar Steel Insolvency Case; Key issues on Corporate Insolvency Resolution answered, SCC (Dec 20, 2020, 02:12 AM) NCLAT's order set aside in Essar Steel Insolvency case; Key issues on Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process answered | SCC Blog (scconline.com). Ibid. Pallavi Saluja, Essar Steel Judgement: Key Highlights, BAR & BENCH (Dec 13, 2020, 02:10 AM) Essar Steel Judgment: Key Highlights - Bar & Bench (barandbench.com). Pro. D.S. Rathore, Dr. Sangeeta Malpani, et al., Non Performing Assets of Indian Banking System and its Impact on Economy, 7(6), IOSR-JEF, 21, 21-26, {2016)."]}

There is a current public health issue threatening human health worldwide with the rapid spread of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The infection was reported to first originate in bats and subsequently spread to humans via yet unknown source animals in Wuhan, Hubei, China in December, 2019. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by extreme acute respiratory coronavirus-2 syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) is an unprecedented healthy global emergency. The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has once again revealed the vulnerabilities of global healthcare systems, the capacity of these systems to respond to an infectious threat, as well as the rate of infection and transmission across international borders. The present review article aimed to provide an update of the current knowledge regarding COVID-19 epidemiology, patho- genesis and transmission, as well as public health measures. The present review also emphasises the key learning points related to COVID-19 prevention and identifies the need to invest in healthcare systems, community-led defence systems, as well as the need for resilience and global health security. © 2021 World Academy of Sciences Journal. All rights reserved.

Background: Osteosarcoma is the most prevalent type of primary bone sarcoma and is the major cause of deaths associated with cancer in children and adolescents. Despite novel and innovative therapies, early diagnosis of the osteosarcoma is still critically needed. Our study aimed to analyse the CCN3 proteins as a diagnostic marker and correlate their expression level with the severity of primary osteosarcoma patients. Methods: In this prospective case-control study, after ethical clearance and informed consent, a total of 35 cases with primary osteosarcoma and ten otherwise healthy controls were enroled according to our strict inclusion-exclusion criteria. Tissue samples were collected during biopsy procedures in suspected cases and in controls during bone grafting procedures. The CCN3 expression level was measured by the western blotting assay. The clinic-radiological examinations were done in cases and graded according to the AJCC classification. Comparisons of CCN3 expression were measured between cases and controls, followed by correlation of their expression level with severity/grade of osteosarcoma in cases. Results: All the demographic parameters showed insignificant differences. The CCN3 protein expressions were significantly upregulated in tissue samples of osteosarcoma patients (cases) compared to controls. The mean difference (p

Background Currently, the clinico-radiological method was used to analyze the healing progression of fractures globally, but even they are also unable to presume the impaired healing early. Hence till date, no reliable methods are available to predict the impaired healing early, so that it could be interventionally managed as required within the time. Methods In this prospective observational study, a total of 121 adults fractured patients and 108 healthy controls were analyzed. Peripheral blood samples were taken from controls (at once) and fractured cases (at different follow-ups) to quantify the Osteocalcin and Osteopontin mRNA and protein expression using qRT-PCR and western blotting assay respectively. In parallel to that the clinico-radiological follow-up examinations also done at various specific follow-up intervals up to 24th post-fracture weeks. Results As per the clinico-radiological status at the 24th week, fracture patients were divided into normal healing (n = 102) and impaired healing (n = 19) groups. Mean RUST score between normal healing and the impaired healing group showed a significant statistical difference at each follow-up. In both groups, expressions of Osteocalcin (mRNA & protein) were gradually up-regulated from the baseline to end of follow-ups, whereas Osteopontin mRNA as well as protein gradually up-regulated from the baseline to a peak value at 10th day, then declined. In general, the Osteocalcin and Osteopontin mean fold expressions were higher in normal healing as compared to the impaired healing groups.A significant correlation was found between the mRNA expressions of Osteocalcin and Osteopontin with the RUST score at most of the follow-ups. However, the protein expressions were not shown any significant correlation. Conclusions The Osteocalcin and Osteopontin expression will provide an early prediction of the healing outcomes of tibial fractures. This may open a new horizon for innovations to deal with complications associated with impaired fracture healing, especially in tibial bone fractures.