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The purpose of the study is to characterize the chemical diversity in Rice bran (RB) lipidome and determine whether daily RB consumption for 4 weeks may modulate plasma lipid profiles in children.Untargeted and targeted lipidomics via ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) were applied to identify bioactive RB lipids from a collection of 17 rice varieties. To determine the impact of RB (Calrose-USA variety) supplementation on plasma lipid profile, a secondary analysis of plasma lipidome was conducted on data recorded in a clinical study (NCT01911390, n = 18 moderately hypercholesterolemic children) before and after 4 weeks of dietary intervention (15 g/d) with a control or RB supplemented snack. Untargeted lipidomic revealed 118 lipids as the core of lipidome across all 17 varieties among which phospholipids were abundant and oxylipins present. Phytoprostanes and phytofurans were quantified and characterized. Lipidome analysis of the children plasma following RB consumption revealed the presence of novel polar lipids and oxylipins alongside putative modulations in endocannabinoids associated with RB consumption.The investigation of novel polar lipids, oxylipins, phytoprostanes, and phytofurans in RB extracts provides support for new health-promoting properties especially interesting for people at risk for cardiometabolic disease. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Thermal treatment applied during the cooking of pulses leads to denaturation and even aggregation of the proteins, which may impact protein digestibility. Thermal transitions of lentil, chickpea, and bean proteins were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Protein-enriched samples were obtained by dry air classification of dehulled seeds and were heated to 160 °C, with water contents ranging from 0.2 to 4 kg/kg on a dry basis. The DSC peaks of the resulting endotherms were successfully modeled as overlapping Gaussian functions. The denaturation temperatures were modeled as a function of the temperature according to the Flory–Huggins theory. The modeling allows for the calculation of the degree of protein transition for any temperature and moisture condition. The denaturation diagrams reflect the different protein compositions of lentil, chickpea, and bean (particularly the 11S/7S globulin ratio). Chickpea proteins were more thermally stable than those from lentil and bean. Proteins underwent an irreversible transition, suggesting that unfolding and aggregation were coupled.

Oleoproteaginous and cereal seeds enclose a wide range of nutriments such as lipids, proteins, polysaccharides and various mineral and organic micronutrients. These nutrients are found under the form of natural assemblies such as oil or protein bodies or starch granules, that have interesting functionalities (micronic sizes, surface activity, high physicochemical stability, etc.). These assemblies are extracted by various processes using energy, organic solvents, steam, JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS' SOCIETY 75 15589331, 2022, S1, Downloaded from https://aocs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aocs.12654 by CIRAD - DGDRS - DIST, Wiley Online Library on [01/06/2023]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License alone or in combination. Thus, their natural structures are often strongly damaged, and some of their functionalities disappear. Storming through natural assemblies' biodiversity to address the societal demand for more natural and minimally processed food seems promising. Indeed, the soft extraction of such assemblies could be an alternative to traditional intensive fractionation methods of plant raw materials to isolate target ingredients (sucrose, starch, refined oils, etc.). This would allow energy savings and avoid solvent use but must be balanced with potential challenges of this new green refinery scheme. The purpose of the present work is to highlight the physicochemical properties of various oil bodies from diverse plant origins. A green refinery protocol is proposed for their extraction from various matrices. Then their size distribution, surface activity, resistance to oxidation and fatty acids and lipo- soluble vitamins bioaccessibility is also presented. Omega-3 rich sources (linseed, chia, hemp…) are of special interest to correct the low dietary intake of US and European population as well as the ω6/ω3 balance. Oil bodies from these plant species can thus constitute new dietary carriers of ω3 and other bioactive molecules. Moreover, the combination of oil bodies with specific features (fatty acid profiles, stabilities, vitamin contents) can help meeting the requirements of specific nutritional targets (infants, children, elderly, athletes, etc.). Altogether, we are convinced that the valorization of these diverse oil bodies can be a strategic route in the development of sustainable food systems. (Texte intégral)

Le livre est disponible en format papier et en Epub sur le site de l'éditeur Quae.; Cet article est le dernier chapitre de l'ouvrage "Agriculture et alimentation durables. Trois enjeux dans la filière céréales" qui explore trois grands thèmes concernant les céréales et les aliments qui en sont issus: teneur en protéines, qualité sanitaire des récoltes et valeur nutritionnelle des aliments. Ce chapitre présente les évolutions mondiales de la consommation de céréales et explore des voies envisageables pour dépasser les contradictions entre les divers objectifs et entre les acteurs des filières. Si les aspects de durabilité sont devenus omniprésents dans tous les secteurs, cette notion donne lieu à des interprétations fort diverses, parfois opposées, selon les acteurs concernés. Les auteurs examinent les antinomies au sein des filières céréalières face aux enjeux de qualités protéique, sanitaire et nutritionnelle, puis présentent des voies pour chercher à dépasser les contradictions entre les trois objectifs, les diverses parties prenantes et les nombreuses demandes adressées à l’agriculture et l’alimentation. In fine, des stratégies sont esquissées pour résoudre les oppositions entre divers objectifs assignés aux céréales et à leurs produits tout au long des filières.