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1. Trial watch : the gut microbiota as a tool to boost the clinical efficacy of anticancer immunotherapy

Author

Romain Daillère, Lisa Derosa, Mélodie Bonvalet, Nicola Segata, Bertrand Routy, Manuela Gariboldi, Eva Budinská, I. Jolanda M. De Vries, Alessio Gordon Naccarati, Valérie Zitvogel, Carlos Caldas, Lars Engstrand, Sibylle Loilbl, Jacques Fieschi, Lucie Heinzerling, Guido Kroemer, and Laurence Zitvogel

Subjects
gut microbiota, anticancer therapeutics, clinical trials, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Accumulating evidence demonstrates the decisive role of the gut microbiota in determining the effectiveness of anticancer therapeutics such as immunogenic chemotherapy or immune checkpoint blockade in preclinical tumor models, as well as in cancer patients. In synthesis, it appears that a normal intestinal microbiota supports therapeutic anticancer responses, while a dysbiotic microbiota that lacks immunostimulatory bacteria or contains overabundant immunosuppressive species causes treatment failure. These findings have led to the design of clinical trials that evaluate the capacity of modulation of the gut microbiota to synergize with treatment and hence limit tumor progression. Along the lines of this Trial Watch, we discuss the rationale for harnessing the gut microbiome in support of cancer therapy and the progress of recent clinical trials testing this new therapeutic paradigm in cancer patients.

Published
2020
Full Text
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2. Trial watch : the gut microbiota as a tool to boost the clinical efficacy of anticancer immunotherapy

Author

Lucie Heinzerling, Sibylle Loilbl, Lars Engstrand, Lisa Derosa, Romain Daillère, Eva Budinská, I. Jolanda M. de Vries, Nicola Segata, Guido Kroemer, Carlos Caldas, Alessio Naccarati, Manuela Gariboldi, Bertrand Routy, Jacques Fieschi, Laurence Zitvogel, Mélodie Bonvalet, Valérie Zitvogel, Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Immunologie intégrative des tumeurs et immunothérapie des cancers (INTIM), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento (CIBIO), University of Trento [Trento], Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Université de Montréal (UdeM), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CR CHUM), Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université de Montréal (UdeM), IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori [Milano], Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment [Brno] (RECETOX / MUNI), Faculty of Science [Brno] (SCI / MUNI), Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI)-Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen], Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute [Cambridge, Royaume-Uni] (CRUK), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Paris (UP), Service de biologie [CHU HEGP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), University of Science & Technology of China [Suzhou], Karolinska University Hospital [Stockholm], Centre d’Investigation Clinique en Biothérapies [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière] (CIC-BT), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Immunologie anti-tumorale et immunothérapie des cancers (ITIC), Immunologie des tumeurs et immunothérapie (UMR 1015), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Nijmegen, the Netherlands], Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute and Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, German Breast Group (GBG), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), ANR-16-RHUS-0008,LUMIERE,LUMIERE(2016), and European Project: 825410,ONCOBIOME

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Gut microbiota, anticancer therapeutics, clinical trials, Dysbiosis, Humans, Immunotherapy, Treatment Outcome, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Neoplasms, medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Cancer development and immune defence Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 2], Immunology, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Review, Gut flora, Bioinformatics, digestive system, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, RC254-282, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Chemotherapy, biology, business.industry, Cancer, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, [SDV.IMM.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Immunotherapy, RC581-607, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Immune checkpoint, 3. Good health, Blockade, Clinical trial, 030104 developmental biology, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Oncology, Tumor progression, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

Contains fulltext : 220857.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Accumulating evidence demonstrates the decisive role of the gut microbiota in determining the effectiveness of anticancer therapeutics such as immunogenic chemotherapy or immune checkpoint blockade in preclinical tumor models, as well as in cancer patients. In synthesis, it appears that a normal intestinal microbiota supports therapeutic anticancer responses, while a dysbiotic microbiota that lacks immunostimulatory bacteria or contains overabundant immunosuppressive species causes treatment failure. These findings have led to the design of clinical trials that evaluate the capacity of modulation of the gut microbiota to synergize with treatment and hence limit tumor progression. Along the lines of this Trial Watch, we discuss the rationale for harnessing the gut microbiome in support of cancer therapy and the progress of recent clinical trials testing this new therapeutic paradigm in cancer patients.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

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