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The aim of this study was to propose a methodological approach to evaluate the impact of the organic, biodynamic, and conventional production processes on the intrinsic and perceived quality of a typical wine. For this purpose, fourteen commercial Chianti DOCG wines from the 2016 harvest were selected based on the type of production management. A survey was set up to get winemaking information from the estate’s producer of the wines to estimate the carbon dioxide production under the three types of management. The eligibility, identity, and style properties (the intrinsic quality) of the wines were defined. A group of 45 experts evaluated the differences between wines by the Napping test and rated their typicality (perceived quality). The organic and biodynamic management showed a lower level of estimated values of carbon dioxide production. The overall statistical elaboration of the chemical and sensory data highlighted that the registered differences of the intrinsic, perceived quality, and typicality level of the respective wines, did not depend on the type of management. The comparison of the three kinds of wine by SIMCA modeling, put in evidence that the conventional ones showed a greater homogeneity regarding chemical composition, sensory characteristics, and typicality.

The β-glucosidase and esterase activities of 31 O. oeni strains were evaluated by fluorimetric methods. The level and distribution among intact cells and supernatant of both β-glucosidase and esterase activity in MRS broth were strongly strain-dependent. In the wine, hydrolytic activities were detected only in the intact cells and their level was related to the cell growth and malolactic activity. Increasing concentration of ethanol (from 12 to 15 (% v/v)) and molecular SO2 (from 0.2 to 0.6 mg L−1) led to a slowdown of bacterial growth and malolactic fermentation (MLF). An inhibitory effect of the lowest doses of molecular sulphur dioxide on both β-glucosidase and esterase activity was highlighted. A synergistic effect among SO2 and ethanol on hydrolytic activities was observed during MLF. Only one strain was able to complete MLF and to produce both hydrolytic activities also in the harshest conditions.

Objectives Unhealthy habits acquired during adolescence may persist in adulthood and eventually increase the risk of chronic illnesses. Study design We reported on a survey conducted in 2013–2015 among secondary school students in Tuscany, central Italy. Methods We compared the prevalence of self-reported lifestyle characteristics and overweight/obesity between genders and age groups (14–16 vs 17–21 years). We partitioned each gender- and age-specific stratum into groups based on cigarette smoking and engagement in sport activities, and compared the prevalence of other unhealthy lifestyles across groups using Poisson regression. Results Overall, 2167 students (53.3% males, mean age 16.8 years) were included. Males were more frequently overweight/obese than females. Cigarette smoking increased with age and did not differ by gender. Males were more likely to engage in sport activities, drink alcoholic beverages and adopt other unhealthy lifestyle habits, whereas females reported a more frequent use of painkillers. Cigarette smoking was the single lifestyle characteristic most consistently associated with other unhealthy habits. Conclusions The prevalence and patterns of co-occurrence of unhealthy lifestyle habits varied by gender and age group among secondary school students in Italy. Our findings should be taken into account when planning public health initiatives aiming to combat obesity and tackle unhealthy lifestyles among secondary school students in Italy.

Prevention and health promotion are based on the amendment of unhealthy lifestyles. The purpose of this work is to identify and highlight unhealthy habits and behaviours of nursing students and nurses professionals, in order to explore possible correlations between unhealthy choices and culture, knowledge and skills in health education. The study population is represented by three separate samples: a) Students from high schools in the province of Pistoia, b) Nursing Undergraduate students of the University of Florence (campus of Pistoia), c) Nurses employed within the Health Services 3 of Pistoia. Investigated behaviours were smoking and alcohol habits, painkiller and inflammatory consumption. Data gathered through the questionnaires were useful to identify and classify educational needs for each of the three samples . This study helps to bring out important aspects of nurses' role on health promotion within the society.La prevenzione e la promozione della salute si basano sulla correzione di stili di vita non salutari. Lo scopo di questo lavoro è studiare ed evidenziare le abitudini ed i comportamenti a rischio per la salute di studenti e professionisti infermieri, al fine di esplorare le possibili correlazioni tra comportamenti a rischio e cultura, conoscenze e professionalità nell’educazione alla salute. La popolazione oggetto di studio è rappresentata da tre campioni distinti: a) Studenti delle scuole medie superiori della provincia di Pistoia, b) Studenti del corso di laurea in Infermieristica dell’Università degli studi di Firenze (sede di Pistoia), c) Professionisti infermieri impiegati all’interno dell’Azienda Usl 3 di Pistoia. Le variabili indagate attraverso la somministrazione di un questionario cartaceo sono state: l’abitudine al fumo, l’abitudine all’assunzione di alcolici e al consumo di farmaci antidolorifici e anti-infiammatori. Attraverso i risultati ottenuti con l’indagine è stato possibile acquisire dati necessari ad individuare e caratterizzare i fabbisogni informativi e formativi sull’educazione alla salute, per ciascuno dei tre campioni presi in esame. L’indagine ha anche la prerogativa di far emergere aspetti importanti relativi al ruolo e alla figura sociale dell’infermiere nella promozione della salute, in riferimento al proprio profilo professionale.