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Abstract Background The zoonotic hookworms Ancylostoma caninum and Uncinaria stenocephala are widespread soil-transmitted helminths in dogs in Europe. Given the veterinary and public health importance of hookworms in dogs and the recent changes in the molecular epidemiology of some species, there is a need to continuously monitor the epidemiological and molecular prevalence of these parasites also at the “local” level. The present study aimed to update the epidemiological scenario of hookworm infections in both owned and stray dogs in southern Italy and to discriminate between different hookworm species (A. caninum and U. stenocephala) through molecular analyses. For this purpose, a retrospective analysis was performed over 10 years (2011–2021), including a total of 7008 owned dogs and 5642 stray dogs referred to our laboratory for copromicroscopic examinations. Moreover, 72 faecal samples, from dogs naturally infected by hookworms, were used to discriminate between A. caninum and U. stenocephala using two PCR protocols. Prior to molecular analyses, a subsample of 40/72 positive faecal samples was used for morphometric investigations on hookworm eggs. Results The results of the ten-year retrospective analysis (2011–2021) showed an overall prevalence of hookworm infection of 9.16%, specifically 5.1% in owned dogs and 14.2% in stray dogs. Logistic regression showed a significant association between positivity to hookworms and the variable “puppies” both in stray (13.84%; OR = 2.4) and owned (7.07%; OR = 2.2) dogs. The results of molecular analyses showed that positivity was confirmed only in 21/72 samples, specifically, 6 samples using protocol A and 19 with protocol B. Sequencing revealed 15 samples positive to U. stenocephala and 6 to A. caninum. Conclusions The findings of this study showed a high prevalence of hookworm infections in dogs in southern Italy, updating the epidemiological scenario of the last decade. Moreover, the results of the study revealed the first identification of hookworm species in dogs in Italy by molecular studies, highlighting that U. stenocephala is more prevalent than A. caninum.

Este trabajo analiza la revista Unidas (1986-1987), órgano de difusión de las intenciones de participación política y sindical de las mujeres que intentaron vincularse con la “Renovación Peronista”. El conjunto de reflexiones contenidas en cada una de las entregas de esta publicación expresa las expectativas depositadas en la democracia como estadio refundacional de la vida institucional argentina, y en la renovación del peronismo como su espacio de realización. El artículo explora cada uno de los tres números Unidas, organizando la exposición en tres apartados. En el primero se analizan las maneras en que estas mujeres enunciaron la necesidad de forjar una identidad como “mujeres peronistas” remitiendo a sus trayectorias militantes, pero, sobre todo, al devenir histórico del peronismo. En segundo término, se examina cómo esa historicidad se trama, junto con los condicionamientos socio-culturales existentes, con las demandas de participación política y sindical contemporáneas que estas mujeres reclaman. En tercer orden, se presentan un balance de la experiencia política e intelectual de la revista Unidas.

AbstractDiversity and variation in language experiences, such as bilingualism, contribute to heterogeneity in children’s neural organization for language and brain development. To uncover sources of such heterogeneity in children’s neural language networks, the present study examined the effects of bilingual proficiency on children’s neural organization for language function. To do so, we took an innovative person-specific analytical approach to investigate young Chinese-English and Spanish-English bilingual learners of structurally distinct languages. Bilingual and English monolingual children (N = 152, M(SD)age = 7.71(1.32)) completed an English word recognition task during functional near-infrared spectroscopy neuroimaging, along with language and literacy tasks in each of their languages. Two key findings emerged. First, bilinguals’ heritage language proficiency (Chinese or Spanish) made a unique contribution to children’s language network density. Second, the findings reveal common and unique patterns in children’s patterns of task-related functional connectivity. Common across all participants were short-distance neural connections within left hemisphere regions associated with semantic processes (within middle temporal and frontal regions). Unique to more proficient language users were additional long-distance connections between frontal, temporal, and bilateral regions within the broader language network. The study informs neurodevelopmental theories of language by revealing the effects of heterogeneity in language proficiency and experiences on the structure and quality of emerging language neural networks in linguistically diverse learners.

In southern Italy, the number of autochthonous cases of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs has increased considerably. This also occurs in the Campania region, particularly in coastal areas, where infections with D. immitis and Dirofilaria repens have been reported more frequently. Therefore the aim of the present study was to better investigate the occurrence of Dirofilaria spp. in a local dog shelter in Castel Volturno (Campania region, southern Italy). Briefly, a total of 260 blood samples were analysed for identification of microfilariae (mff) and detection of Dirofilaria immitis antigen. Dogs were classified according to their age (1–3 years; 4–6 years; 7–11 years; > 11 years) and length of stay in the shelter at the time of sampling (dogs that entered in the shelter in the last 4 months; dogs housed in the shelter for more than 4 months up to 2 years; dogs housed for more than 2 years). The modified Knott’s test revealed that 195 dogs (75.0%) were positive for circulating mff of Dirofilaria spp. Specifically, 104/260 (40.0%) dogs were positive for D. immitis and 91/260 (35.0%) were positive for D. repens. In addition, 72/260 (27.7%) dogs had both D. immitis and D. repens mff. Antigen testing revealed that 78/260 (30.0%) dogs were positive for D. immitis. However, 26/104 (25.0%) of the dogs with D. immitis mff were antigen-negative. The overall k concordance between the modified Knott’s test and the antigenic test was ≤0.2 (poor) (p = 0.000). The results of the logistic regression model showed a significant association between Dirofilaria exposure and the period of time the dogs had spent in the shelter at the time of sampling. Dogs housed in the shelter for 4 months (group 1) and between 4 months and 2 years (group 2) had higher Dirofilaria positivity than dogs in group 3 (housed for more than 2 years) (80.4% vs. 79.6% vs. 62.4%, respectively). Moreover, male dogs and older dogs (between 7 and 11 years of age) were more likely to be infected with Dirofilaria spp.

Revisión del libro 1951: Historia y mitos de Eva Duarte y el Peronismo (2022) de Florencia Osuna.

Este trabajo analiza las concepciones sobre el socialismo nacional y el peronismo que distintos referentes de la izquierda peronista expusieron en un ciclo de mesas redondas realizado en septiembre de 1972. Se ensaya un abordaje cercano a la propuesta teórico-metodológica elaborada por Reinhart Koselleck para el estudio de los conceptos políticos que permitirá recuperar la dimensión contingente y cambiante de las ideas políticas que predominaron en los debates de la izquierda peronista a principios de los años setenta, y que posibilita indagar acerca de las conexiones entre peronismo y socialismo que se dieron durante el período.

This article documents a functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) neuroimaging dataset deposited in Deep Blue Data. The dataset included neuroimaging and behavioral data from N = 343 children aged 5-11 with a diverse linguistic background, including children who are English monolingual, Chinese-English, and Spanish-English bilingual. Children completed phonological and morphological awareness tasks in each of their languages during fNIRS neuroimaging. They also completed a wide range of language and reading tasks. Parents filled in questionnaires to report children's demographic information as well as their home language and literacy backgrounds. The dataset is valuable for researchers in the field of developmental cognitive neuroscience to further investigate questions such as the effects of bilingualism on children's neural basis for literacy development.

Phonological awareness is the stepping-stone to learning to read as it helps children map language sounds onto letters. Theories of bilingualism posit that phonological awareness is a language-common literacy skill. However, bilingual learners are also thought to build language-specific representations. To illuminate common and specific dual-language processes, we asked bilingual Spanish-English heritage language speakers (N = 60, M[subscript age] = 8.2) to complete a phonological sound-matching task in Spanish and English during functional Near Infrared Neuroimaging (fNIRS). The left perisylvian activation was common across bilinguals' two languages, including similar active regions and functional connections. The findings further revealed language-specific modulation of the system with more robust engagement of the temporal networks for Spanish and frontal networks for English. We interpret the results in the context of analytically demanding reading experiences in English and more informal home-based Spanish language experiences typical of heritage language speakers.

Purpose: We examined the neurocognitive bases of lexical morphology in children of varied reading abilities to understand the role of meaning-based skills in learning to read with dyslexia. Method: Children completed auditory morphological and phonological awareness tasks during functional near-infrared spectroscopy neuroimaging. We first examined the relation between lexical morphology and phonological processes in typically developing readers (Study 1, N = 66, M[subscript age] = 8.39), followed by a more focal inquiry into lexical morphology processes in dyslexia (Study 2, N = 50, M[subscript age] = 8.62). Results: Typical readers exhibited stronger engagement of language neurocircuitry during the morphology task relative to the phonology task, suggesting that morphological analyses involve synthesizing multiple components of sublexical processing. This effect was stronger for more analytically complex derivational affixes ("like + ly") than more semantically transparent free base morphemes ("snow + man"). In contrast, children with dyslexia exhibited stronger activation during the free base condition relative to derivational affix condition. Taken together, the findings suggest that although children with dyslexia may struggle with derivational morphology, they may also use free base morphemes' semantic information to boost word recognition. Conclusion: This study informs literacy theories by identifying an interaction between reading ability, word structure, and how the developing brain learns to recognize words in speech and print.

El propósito de este artículo es analizar a la Confederación General del Trabajo de los Argentinos (CGTA) como un espacio de confluencia de actores y demandas que excedieron lo estrictamente gremial. En primer lugar, se examinan los componentes asociativos existentes en el sindicalismo argentino que posibilitaron la conformación de esta central obrera como articuladora de la oposición política a la autodenominada “Revolución Argentina”. En segundo lugar, a partir del examen de un conjunto amplio de fuentes, se indagan las condiciones de posibilidad de esta experiencia, sus características y limitaciones.

Reseña: ÁLVAREZ, Victoria, ¿No te habrás caído? Terrorismo de Estado, violencia sexual, testimonios y justicia en Argentina. Málaga, UMA Editorial, 2019, ISBN 978-84-1335-003-5, 341 pp.

Este trabajo analiza el proceso formativo de la izquierda peronista como cultura política durante el período de la proscripción del peronismo (1955-1973). En primer lugar, examina las doxas interpretativas que predominan en los trabajos historiográficos que abordan las relaciones entre intelectuales y política durante las décadas del 60 y 70. En segundo término, revisa someramente las trayectorias e intervenciones de distintos referentes intelectuales peronistas que incidieron en el proceso de gestación de una cultura política en el interior del movimiento proscripto, atravesada por el tamiz teórico del marxismo.

La crisis política abierta por el golpe de estado perpetrado por las Fuerzas Armadas en septiembre de 1955, y profundizada por los gobiernos semidemocráticos y dictatoriales que se sucedieron en el poder del estado hasta 1973, alteró sustancialmente el marco de representaciones y acción en la escena política local. En ese contexto se gestaron ideas y símbolos que incidieron en la reelaboración de distintas tradiciones políticas. En este trabajo se analiza el proceso de articulación de la Izquierda peronista (IP) como cultura política a través del examen de la trayectoria política e intelectual de John William Cooke. A través de las prescripciones conceptuales elaboradas por Jean François Sirinelli para el estudio de las culturas políticas, y de la propuesta de abordaje de las fuentes escritas elaborada por Simona Cerutti, se examinan las núcleos políticos-conceptuales del pensamiento de Cooke que incidieron en la resignificación de las representaciones sobre el peronismo durante el periodo de la proscripción.

En este trabajo analizaremos el Semanario CGT en relación a su proyección como nexo comunicativo y organizacional de las propuestas sindicales y polí­ticas que elaboró la conducción de la CGT de los Argentinos durante 1968 y 1969. Examinaremos las tensiones expresadas en la publicación entre el proyecto polí­tico que desde allí­ se buscó articular y las limitaciones que existieron para su realización, atendiendo a las expectativas polí­ticas su conducción estructuradas en torno a las tradiciones y los postulados del sindicalismo combativo, como a los conflictos existentes entre las distintas tendencias del sindicalismo local por la conducción del movimiento obrero organizado

The experience of chronic illness, together with physical impairment and hospitalization in some cases, can be a difficult occurrence to manage. Illness determines changes in patients’ life style and limitations, that often cause psychological distress. It may happen that patients neither understand the meaning of the events correlated with illness, nor can predict when such events will occur. This uncertainty augments the negative impact of the state of chronic illness on patients’ quality of life. The present study has the purpose to examine the correlations between uncertainty due to chronic disease and patients’ quality of life, keeping into account the diverse coping strategies adopted and the anxiety/depression feelings developed during hospitalization. There is an inverse correlation between chronic patients’ quality of life and the diverse dimensions of uncertainty in illness as identified by the Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale. The paper suggests how uncertainty hampers the possibility that patients choose coping strategies, involving their active management of illness. The lower the uncertainty, the higher is the possibility of activate coping mechanisms based on the acceptance of illness, together with a reflexive attitude concerning the actions to be taken to reduce the risk of anxiety/depression during hospitalization. Finally, the present study presents some policy implications, suggesting how the medical staff should not only treat patients, but also help patients to elaborate problem solving strategies and to positively accept their chronic health state.

The recent report by Besomi (2013) shows the huge number of Economics dictionaries available online, but also describes some of their shortcomings; on the contrary Fuertes-Olivera (2012) points out the potential of these resources in a learning context. However, in order to offer a quick reference guide to Economics dictionaries for web surfers, an evaluation system (Caruso 2011) has been designed to assess dictionary usability with respect to three kinds of prospective users (laymen, semi-experts, and experts), both in cognitive and communicative tasks, and with special reference to two types of situations in which the dictionaries might be consulted, namely translation and learning. This project, however, is not devoted to testing data quality, therefore it doesn’t necessarily give any guarantees to web surfers regarding the contents provided by unrestricted dictionaries found on the Internet. The analysis of Economics dictionaries carried out using this tool, offers a quantitative survey of the overall lexicographical features they display, proving that, even if these resources are on average not particularly suited for communicative tasks, some of them include specific kinds of data that are considered crucial for supporting users in text production (Alonso et al. 2011).