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1. Freshwater plastisphere: a review on biodiversity, risks, and biodegradation potential with implications for the aquatic ecosystem health

Author

Valerio Bocci, Silvia Galafassi, Caterina Levantesi, Simona Crognale, Stefano Amalfitano, Roberta Congestri, Bruna Matturro, Simona Rossetti, and Francesca Di Pippo

Subjects
freshwater plastisphere, biodiversity, antibiotic resistance genes, pathogenic bacteria, plastic biodegradation, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

The plastisphere, a unique microbial biofilm community colonizing plastic debris and microplastics (MPs) in aquatic environments, has attracted increasing attention owing to its ecological and public health implications. This review consolidates current state of knowledge on freshwater plastisphere, focussing on its biodiversity, community assembly, and interactions with environmental factors. Current biomolecular approaches revealed a variety of prokaryotic and eukaryotic taxa associated with plastic surfaces. Despite their ecological importance, the presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria and mobile genetic elements (i.e., antibiotic resistance genes) raises concerns for ecosystem and human health. However, the extent of these risks and their implications remain unclear. Advanced sequencing technologies are promising for elucidating the functions of plastisphere, particularly in plastic biodegradation processes. Overall, this review emphasizes the need for comprehensive studies to understand plastisphere dynamics in freshwater and to support effective management strategies to mitigate the impact of plastic pollution on freshwater resources.

Published
2024
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2. Search for Strange Quark Matter and Nuclearites on Board the International Space Station (SQM-ISS): A Future Detector to Search for Massive, Non-Relativistic Objects in Space

Author

Massimo Bianchi, Francesca Bisconti, Carl Blaksley, Valerio Bocci, Marco Casolino, Francesco Di Clemente, Alessandro Drago, Christer Fuglesang, Francesco Iacoangeli, Massimiliano Lattanzi, Alessandro Marcelli, Laura Marcelli, Paolo Natoli, Etienne Parizot, Piergiorgio Picozza, Lech Wiktor Piotrowski, Zbigniew Plebaniak, Enzo Reali, Marco Ricci, Alessandro Rizzo, Gabriele Rizzo, and Jacek Szabelski

Subjects
strange quark matter, SQM, ISS, space detector, Chemical technology, TP1-1185
Abstract

SQM-ISS is a detector that will search from the International Space Station for massive particles possibly present among the cosmic rays. Among them, we mention strange quark matter, Q-Balls, lumps of fermionic exotic compact stars, Primordial Black Holes, mirror matter, Fermi balls, etc. These compact, dense objects would be much heavier than normal nuclei, have velocities of galaxy-bound systems, and would be deeply penetrating. The detector is based on a stack of scintillator and piezoelectric elements which can provide information on both the charge state and mass, with the additional timing information allowing to determine the speed of the particle, searching for particles with velocities of the order of galactic rotation speed (v ≲ 250 km/s). In this work, we describe the apparatus and its observational capabilities.

Published
2024
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3. Cosmo ArduSiPM: An All-in-One Scintillation-Based Particle Detector for Earth and Space Application

Author

Valerio Bocci, Babar Ali, Giacomo Chiodi, Dario Kubler, Francesco Iacoangeli, Lorenza Masi, and Luigi Recchia

Subjects
silicon photomultiplier, SiPM, radiation-tolerant, scintillator, SoC, microcontroller, Chemical technology, TP1-1185
Abstract

Thanks to advancements in silicon photomultiplier sensors (SiPMs) and system-on-chip (SoC) technology, our INFN Roma1 group developed ArduSiPM in 2012, the first all-in-one scintillator particle detector in the literature. It used a custom Arduino Due shield to process fast signals, utilizing the Microchip Sam3X8E SoC’s internal peripherals to control and acquire SiPM signals. The availability of radiation-tolerant SoCs, combined with the goal of reducing system space and weight, led to the development of an innovative second-generation board, a better-performing device called Cosmo ArduSiPM, suitable for space missions. The architecture of the new detector is based on the Microchip SAMV71 300 MHz, 32-bit ARM® Cortex®-M7 (Microchip Technology Inc., Chandler, AZ, USA). While the analog front-end is essentially identical to the ArduSiPM, it utilizes components with the smallest possible package. The board fits in a CubeSat module. Thanks to the compact design, the board has two independent channels, with a total weight of only 40 grams within a CubeSat form factor. The ArduSiPM architecture is based on a single microcontroller and fast discrete analog electronics. It benefits from the continued development of SoCs related to the IoT (Internet of Things) market. Compared with a system with a custom ASIC, this architecture based on software and SoC capabilities offers considerable advantages in terms of cost and development time. The ability to incorporate new commercial SoCs, continuously emerging from advancements in the aerospace and automotive industries, provides the system with a robust foundation for sustained growth over the years. A detailed characterization of the hardware and the system’s response to different photon fluxes is presented in this article. Additionally, coupling the device with a scintillator was tested at the end of this article as a preliminary trial for future measurements, showing potential for further enhancement of the detector’s capabilities.

Published
2024
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4. Microbial colonization patterns and biodegradation of petrochemical and biodegradable plastics in lake waters: insights from a field experiment

Author

Francesca Di Pippo, Valerio Bocci, Stefano Amalfitano, Simona Crognale, Caterina Levantesi, Loris Pietrelli, Valerio Di Lisio, Andrea Martinelli, and Simona Rossetti

Subjects
plastisphere, plastics, freshwater, biofilms, biodegradation, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

IntroductionOnce dispersed in water, plastic materials become promptly colonized by biofilm-forming microorganisms, commonly known as plastisphere.MethodsBy combining DNA sequencing and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM), we investigated the plastisphere colonization patterns following exposure to natural lake waters (up to 77 days) of either petrochemical or biodegradable plastic materials (low density polyethylene - LDPE, polyethylene terephthalate - PET, polylactic acid - PLA, and the starch-based MaterBi® - Mb) in comparison to planktonic community composition. Chemical composition, water wettability, and morphology of plastic surfaces were evaluated, through Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and static contact angle analysis, to assess the possible effects of microbial colonization and biodegradation activity.Results and DiscussionThe phylogenetic composition of plastisphere and planktonic communities was notably different. Pioneering microbial colonisers, likely selected from lake waters, were found associated with all plastic materials, along with a core of more than 30 abundant bacterial families associated with all polymers. The different plastic materials, either derived from petrochemical hydrocarbons (i.e., LDPE and PET) or biodegradable (PLA and Mb), were used by opportunistic aquatic microorganisms as adhesion surfaces rather than carbon sources. The Mb-associated microorganisms (i.e. mostly members of the family Burkholderiaceae) were likely able to degrade the starch residues on the polymer surfaces, although the Mb matrix maintained its original chemical structure and morphology. Overall, our findings provide insights into the complex interactions between aquatic microorganisms and plastic materials found in lake waters, highlighting the importance of understanding the plastisphere dynamics to better manage the fate of plastic debris in the environment.

Published
2023
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5. Super-Stable Metal–Organic Framework (MOF)/Luciferase Paper-Sensing Platform for Rapid ATP Detection

Author

Héctor Martínez-Pérez-Cejuela, Maria Maddalena Calabretta, Valerio Bocci, Marcello D’Elia, and Elisa Michelini

Subjects
ATP, luciferase, biosensor, metal–organic frameworks, bioluminescence, paper-sensing, Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65
Abstract

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) determination has been used for many decades to assess microbial contamination for hygiene monitoring in different locations and workplace environments. Highly sophisticated methods have been reported, yet commercially available kits rely on a luciferase–luciferin system and require storage and shipping at controlled temperatures (+4 or −20 °C). The applicability of these systems is limited by the need for a secure cold chain, which is not always applicable, especially in remote areas or low-resource settings. In this scenario, easy-to-handle and portable sensors would be highly valuable. Prompted by this need, we developed a bioluminescence paper biosensor for ATP monitoring in which a new luciferase mutant was combined with a metal–organic framework (MOF); i.e., zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8). A paper biosensor was developed, ZIF-8@Luc paper sensor, and interfaced with different portable light detectors, including a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) and smartphones. The use of ZIF-8 not only provided a five-fold increase in the bioluminescence signal, but also significantly improved the stability of the sensor, both at +4 and +28 °C. The ATP content in complex biological matrices was analyzed with the ZIF-8@Luc paper sensor, enabling detection down to 7 × 10−12 moles of ATP and 8 × 10−13 moles in bacterial lysates and urine samples, respectively. The ZIF-8@Luc sensor could, therefore, be applied in many fields in which ATP monitoring is required such as the control of microbial contamination.

Published
2023
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6. A Method Based on Muon System to Monitor LHCb Luminosity

Author

Pietro Albicocco, Wander Baldini, Samuel Belin, Valerio Bocci, Nikolay Bondar, Davide Brundu, Sandro Cadeddu, Alessandro Cardini, Maurizio Carletti, Giacomo Chiodi, Alexsei Chubykin, Vladimir Chulikov, Paolo Ciambrone, Liliana Congedo, Andrea Contu, Francesco Debernardis, Marco Antonio Desideri, Marilisa De Serio, Patrizia De Simone, Daniele Di Bari, Maurizio Gatta, Dmitrii Ilin, Anatoly Kashchuk, Sofia Kotriakhova, Adriano Lai, Roman Litvinov, Angelo Loi, Oleg Maev, Giuseppe Martellotti, Matteo Palutan, Alessandra Pastore, Davide Pinci, Biagio Saitta, Roberta Santacesaria, Marco Santimaria, Emanuele Santovetti, Alessandro Saputi, Celestina Satriano, Alessia Satta, Barbara Sciascia, Saverio Simone, and Stefania Vecchi

Subjects
luminosity, muon system, LHCb, particle physics, Mathematics, QA1-939
Abstract

LHCb is one of the four main experiments running at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) of the European Organization for Nuclear Research. Since 2010, it has been collecting data to study the Physics of b and c quarks. For the past three years, the experimental apparatus underwent significant upgrades to be ready for a new round of data collection, expected to start in June 2022. The new apparatus is designed to be able to run at an instantaneous luminosity five times larger than the previous one, which was 2.0×1032 cm−2s−1, and the whole detector readout will be at a 40 MHz rate. It is worth noticing that the luminosity at the LHCb interaction point, for the characteristics of the detector, needs to be reduced with respect to the luminosity provided by LHC. Major changes in the different subdetectors were required, along with complete modifications of the trigger schemes. The LHCb collaboration is developing and studying different methods for the on-line measurement of luminosity at the LHCb impact point, crucial for the monitoring of correct machine operation and for most experimental physics studies. The present work describes a procedure based on hit counting in the muon detector for an on-line luminosity monitor. The performance and the precision achieved with this method in tests carried out on past data collected are presented, together with proposals for future upgrades.

Published
2022
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10. Ultra-fast infrared detector for astronomy

Author

Alessandro Drago, Emanuele Pace, Simone Bini, Mariangela Cestelli Guidi, Catalina Curceanu, Augusto Marcelli, and Valerio Bocci

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Instrumentation
Published
2023

11. Multimodal evaluation of

Author

Andrea, Ciardiello, Saverio, Altieri, Francesca, Ballarini, Valerio, Bocci, Silva, Bortolussi, Laura, Cansolino, Daniele, Carlotti, Mario, Ciocca, Riccardo, Faccini, Angelica, Facoetti, Cinzia, Ferrari, Luca, Ficcadenti, Emiliano, Furfaro, Stefano, Giagu, Francesco, Iacoangeli, Giampiero, Macioce, Carlo, Mancini-Terracciano, Andrea, Messina, Luisa, Milazzo, Severina, Pacifico, Simona, Piccolella, Ian, Postuma, Dante, Rotili, Valerio, Vercesi, Cecilia, Voena, Francesca, Vulcano, and Silvia, Capuani

Subjects
Boron Compounds, Pancreatic Neoplasms, Proton Therapy, Humans, Boron Neutron Capture Therapy, Tissue Distribution, Boron
Abstract

One of the obstacles to the application of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) and Proton Boron Fusion Therapy (PBFT) concerns the measurement of borated carriers' biodistribution. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro internalization of theTheOur studies suggested thatThe ability of

Published
2021

13. Discovering cosmic rays with OCRA: outreach activities for students and teachers

Author

Nicola Tomassetti, Giuseppe Vacca, D. Rozza, Valerio Bocci, Gabriella Cataldi, Carmelo Evoli, Sabine Hemmer, Riccardo Paoletti, Riccardo Munini, M. Buscemi, Marco Schioppa, Silvia Miozzi, Alessia Giampaoli, Bianca Bottino, Federico Di Pierro, Elisabetta Bissaldi, Francesco Dimiccoli, Fabio Morsani, Alessandro Menegolli, E. Vannuccini, Carla Aramo, and Lorenzo Caccianiga

Subjects
Outreach, Medical education, Cosmic ray
Abstract

The Outreach Cosmic Ray Activities (OCRA) project offers a platform for all outreach activities focusing on cosmic rays within the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN). Created in 2018, OCRA now counts 21 of the institute’s divisions all over Italy as members. The project’s core activity is the participation of all its members in the International Cosmic Day, organized by DESY, and inviting high school students to carry out hands-on measurements of the cosmic ray flux and learn about the related physics background. Two students from each division are then selected to participate in the annual OCRA science camp, a three-day full immersion into the life of a physicist. The national activities are complemented by local initiatives of the OCRA member groups: workshops and tutorship programs, science competitions and the development of new detectors for outreach activities offer a multitude of possibilities for students to engage with our researchers and to explore the world of cosmic rays. Since spring of 2020 OCRA also offers a series of online laboratories on its website https://web.infn.it/OCRA/, designed not only to be used by students individually but also to be used in the classroom by teachers. Here we will give an overview on all activities offered by OCRA with a particular focus on the 2020 online event organized in occasion of the International Cosmic Day, that saw the participation of more than 3000 students.

Published
2021

14. Layout and Radiation Tolerance Issues in High-Speed Links

Author

M. Capodiferro, Alberto Aloisio, Valerio Bocci, Luca Sterpone, Massimo Violante, Vincenzo Izzo, R. Giordano, Giordano, Raffaele, and Aloisio, Alberto

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Engineering, computer.software_genre, Programmable logic array, Optical fiber communication, Data acquisition, Application-specific integrated circuit, Tolerance computing, Robustness (computer science), rad-tolerance, Electronic engineering, Physic, Static random-access memory, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Field-programmable gate array, FPGA, erial links, Firmware, business.industry, Application specific integrated circuit, Field programmable gate array, Logic gate, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Embedded system, business, computer, SEU
Abstract

High-speed optical links are often used in trigger and data acquisition systems of High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments for data transfer, trigger and fast control distribution. Many experiments prefer the use of commercial off-the-shelf components (COTS) if possible, in order to avoid the non-recurrent engineering (NRE) costs and risks associated with the design of application specific integrated circuits. For the mentioned reason, static random access memory-based field programmable gate arrays (SRAM-based FPGAs) are usually deployed. However they are mostly used off-detector, where little or no radiation is present, since single event upsets in the configuration memory may alter the design functionality. In order to benefit from SRAM-based FPGAs also in radiation environments expected on-detector, suitable soft-error mitigation strategies must be adopted. In this work we evaluate the design trade-offs between performance and radiation-tolerance in a high-speed fixed-latency link based on a Virtex-5 SRAM-based FPGA. We evaluate different radiation mitigation strategies. Moreover, we experimentally verify some custom-developed placement and routing rules aimed at improving the FPGA firmware robustness against configuration upsets.

Published
2015

15. Radioguided surgery with β radiation: a novel application with Ga

Author

Francesco, Collamati, Valerio, Bocci, Paolo, Castellucci, Micol, De Simoni, Stefano, Fanti, Riccardo, Faccini, Alessandro, Giordano, Daria, Maccora, Carlo, Mancini-Terracciano, Michela, Marafini, Riccardo, Mirabelli, Silvio, Morganti, Riccardo, Schiavina, Teresa, Scotognella, Giacomo, Traini, and Elena, Solfaroli Camillocci

Subjects
Male, Surgery, Computer-Assisted, Positron-Emission Tomography, Humans, Prostatic Neoplasms, Gallium Radioisotopes, Radiopharmaceuticals, Oligopeptides, Edetic Acid, Gallium Isotopes, Article, Beta Particles
Abstract

Radio Guided Surgery is a technique helping the surgeon in the resection of tumors: a radiolabeled tracer is administered to the patient before surgery and then the surgeon evaluates the completeness of the resection with a handheld detector sensitive to emitted radiation. Established methods rely on γ emitting tracers coupled with γ detecting probes. The efficacy of this technique is however hindered by the high penetration of γ radiation, limiting its applicability to low background conditions. To overtake such limitations, a novel approach to RGS has been proposed, relying on β− emitting isotopes together with a dedicated β probe. This technique has been proved to be effective in first ex-vivo trials. We discuss in this paper the possibility to extend its application cases to 68Ga, a β+ emitting isotope widely used today in nuclear medicine. To this aim, a retrospective study on 45 prostatic cancer patients was performed, analysing their 68Ga-PSMA PET images to asses if the molecule uptake is enough to apply this technique. Despite the expected variability both in terms of SUV (median 4.1, IQR 3.0–6.1) and TNR (median 9.4, IQR 5.2–14.6), the majority of cases have been found to be compatible with β-RGS with reasonable injected activity and probing time (5 s).

Published
2018

16. Observation of the Decays Λb0→χc1pK− and Λb0→χc2pK−

Author

Riccardo Cenci, Barak Raimond Gruberg Cazon, Dmytro Melnychuk, Patrick Koppenburg, Ana Trisovic, Heather Wark, Sheldon Stone, Andrea Contu, Melissa Maria Cruz Torres, Karlis Dreimanis, Sergii Kandybei, Eluned Smith, Marina Artuso, Chris Burr, Maurizio Martinelli, Stephan Eisenhardt, Olaf Steinkamp, Pasquale Di Nezza, Michał Dziewiecki, Laure Massacrier, Agnieszka Oblakowska-Mucha, Lluís Garrido Beltran, Ivan Belyaev, Antonio Romero Vidal, Giovanni Passaleva, Gianluigi Casse, Victor Egorychev, Konrad Klimaszewski, Artur Ukleja, Elnur Sadykhov, Yanxi Zhang, Elena Graverini, Sofia Kotriakhova, Valerio Bocci, Angelo Di Canto, Mariusz Witek, Kazuyoshi Carvalho Akiba, Federico Betti, Andrea Mauri, Clara Matteuzzi, Alessandro Pistone, Alexandru Tudor Grecu, Patrick Haworth Owen, Olivier Leroy, Gabriele Simi, Alexander Bitadze, Heinrich Schindler, Shanzhen Chen, Francesca Dordei, Marcello Rotondo, Sergey Filippov, Johannes Albrecht, Olivier Schneider, Jeroen Van Tilburg, Fedor Baryshnikov, Michael Alexander, Paula Alvarez Cartelle, Matthew Kenzie, Irina Nasteva, Marco Cattaneo, Diego Martinez Santos, Zhenwei Yang, Cristina Lazzeroni, Pablo Vázquez Regueiro, Philip Ilten, Nicola Serra, Diego Tonelli, Andrei Tsaregorodtsev, Christopher Betancourt, Nigel Watson, Evelina Gersabeck, Victor Coco, Massimiliano Fiorini, Anton Poluektov, Mitesh Patel, Christoph Frei, Wojciech Wislicki, Marcin Kucharczyk, Anna Lupato, Murilo Rangel, Mick Mulder, Biplab Dey, Sam Cunliffe, Giovanni Punzi, Maxime Schubiger, Marta Calvi, Fernando Martinez Vidal, Illya Shapoval, Claudio Gotti, Francesco Dettori, Ricardo Graciani Diaz, Antonino Sergi, Abraham Antonio Gallas Torreira, Celestina Satriano, Paolo Gandini, Justine Serrano, Michele Veltri, Marek Idzik, Jean-François Marchand, David Hutchcroft, Jan Mickelle Maratas, Paul Seyfert, Bogdan Popovici, Frédéric Blanc, Renaud Le Gac, Michael Wilkinson, Tom Hadavizadeh, Maxim Borisyak, Jeremy Dalseno, Régis Lefèvre, Alexey Dzyuba, Eduardo Rodrigues, GIULIA MANCA, Rosen Matev, Matthew Needham, Martino Borsato, Alexander Bondar, Karim Trabelsi, Franco Bedeschi, Jolanta Brodzicka, Domenico Galli, Alessandro Cardini, Thomas Latham, Eduardo Picatoste, Claudia Patrignani, Eric Cogneras, David Chamont, Marcus Ebert, Tomasz Fiutowski, Mark Williams, Ricardo Vazquez Gomez, Miriam Calvo Gomez, Albert Comerma, Miroslaw Firlej, Conor Fitzpatrick, Xabier Cid Vidal, Holger Stevens, Luis Miguel Garcia Martin, Tomasz Szumlak, Themistocles Bowcock, Méril Reboud, Michael Winn, Marco Santimaria, Alison Tully, Gerhard Raven, Mirco Dorigo, Stéphane T'Jampens, Paolo Carniti, Ulrik Egede, Igor Gorelov, Jakub Moron, Bartłomiej Rachwał, Michael Schmelling, Federico Redi, Oliver Lupton, Antonio Augusto Alves Junior, Carlos Vázquez Sierra, Adriano Lai, Fernando Rodrigues, Manuel Tobias Schiller, Giampiero Mancinelli, Albert Puig Navarro, Lars Eklund, Jacco De Vries, Stanislav Poslavsky, Jairo Alexis Rodriguez L, Paul Soler, Cibrán Santamarina Ríos, Leandro De Paula, Eugeni Graugés, Sevda Esen, George Lafferty, Máximo Pló Casasús, Gloria Corti, Konstantin Belous, Michel De Cian, Edgar Lemos Cid, Roberta Cardinale, Carla Marin Benito, Dominik Stefan Mitzel, Chris Parkes, Andrey Ustyuzhanin, Gerco Onderwater, Alessandro Petrolini, Lorenzo Capriotti, Olivier Deschamps, Eleonora Luppi, Wojciech Krzemien, Simone Bifani, Timofei Maltsev, Pietro Marino, Roberto Calabrese, Tadeusz Lesiak, David Gascon, Maria Vieites Diaz, Suzanne Klaver, Daniel Craik, Laurent Dufour, Arantza Oyanguren, Vincent Tisserand, Claire Prouve, Stefano Perazzini, Juan José Saborido Silva, Agnieszka Dziurda, and Vladimir Gligorov

Subjects
Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Branching fraction, General Physics and Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, Bottom quark, Nuclear physics, Baryon, 0103 physical sciences, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy
Abstract

The first observation of the decays Λ0b→χc1pK− and Λ0b→χc2pK− is reported using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb−1, collected by the LHCb experiment in pp collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. The following ratios of branching fractions are measured B(Λ0b→χc1pK−)B(Λ0b→J/ψpK−)=0.242±0.014±0.013±0.009,B(Λ0b→χc2pK−)B(Λ0b→J/ψpK−)=0.248±0.020±0.014±0.009,B(Λ0b→χc2pK−)B(Λ0b→χc1pK−)=1.02±0.10±0.02±0.05, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third due to the uncertainty on the branching fractions of the χc1→J/ψγ and χc2→J/ψγ decays. Using both decay modes, the mass of the \Lb baryon is also measured to be mΛ0b=5619.44±0.28±0.26 MeV/c2, where the first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively.

Published
2017

17. Measurement of the Bs0→μ+μ− Branching Fraction and Effective Lifetime and Search for B0→μ+μ− Decays

Author

Riccardo Cenci, Barak Raimond Gruberg Cazon, Dmytro Melnychuk, Patrick Koppenburg, Ana Trisovic, Heather Wark, Sheldon Stone, Andrea Contu, Melissa Maria Cruz Torres, Samuel Coquereau, Karlis Dreimanis, Sergii Kandybei, Eluned Smith, Marina Artuso, Chris Burr, Maurizio Martinelli, Stephan Eisenhardt, Olaf Steinkamp, Laure Massacrier, Agnieszka Oblakowska-Mucha, Lluís Garrido Beltran, Ivan Belyaev, Antonio Romero Vidal, Giovanni Passaleva, Gianluigi Casse, Victor Egorychev, Konrad Klimaszewski, Artur Ukleja, Elnur Sadykhov, Yanxi Zhang, Elena Graverini, Sofia Kotriakhova, Valerio Bocci, Angelo Di Canto, Mariusz Witek, Kazuyoshi Carvalho Akiba, Federico Betti, Andrea Mauri, Clara Matteuzzi, Alexandru Tudor Grecu, Patrick Haworth Owen, Olivier Leroy, Gabriele Simi, Alexander Bitadze, Fedor Ratnikov, Heinrich Schindler, Shanzhen Chen, Francesca Dordei, Marcello Rotondo, Sergey Filippov, Johannes Albrecht, Olivier Schneider, Jeroen Van Tilburg, Fedor Baryshnikov, Michael Alexander, Paula Alvarez Cartelle, Matthew Kenzie, Irina Nasteva, Marco Cattaneo, Diego Martinez Santos, Zhenwei Yang, Cristina Lazzeroni, Pablo Vázquez Regueiro, Philip Ilten, Nicola Serra, Diego Tonelli, Andrei Tsaregorodtsev, Christopher Betancourt, Nigel Watson, Evelina Gersabeck, Victor Coco, Massimiliano Fiorini, Anton Poluektov, Mitesh Patel, Christoph Frei, Wojciech Wislicki, Marcin Kucharczyk, Anna Lupato, Murilo Rangel, Flavio Archilli, Mick Mulder, Biplab Dey, Sam Cunliffe, Giovanni Punzi, Maxime Schubiger, Marta Calvi, Fernando Martinez Vidal, Illya Shapoval, Claudio Gotti, Francesco Dettori, Ricardo Graciani Diaz, Antonino Sergi, Abraham Antonio Gallas Torreira, Celestina Satriano, Paolo Gandini, Justine Serrano, Michele Veltri, Marek Idzik, Jean-François Marchand, David Hutchcroft, Jan Mickelle Maratas, Paul Seyfert, Bogdan Popovici, Frédéric Blanc, Renaud Le Gac, Michael Wilkinson, Tom Hadavizadeh, Jeremy Dalseno, Régis Lefèvre, Alexey Dzyuba, Eduardo Rodrigues, GIULIA MANCA, Rosen Matev, Matthew Needham, Alexander Bondar, Karim Trabelsi, Jaap Velthuis, Franco Bedeschi, Jolanta Brodzicka, Domenico Galli, Alessandro Cardini, Thomas Latham, Eduardo Picatoste, Claudia Patrignani, Eric Cogneras, David Chamont, Marcus Ebert, Tomasz Fiutowski, Mark Williams, Ricardo Vazquez Gomez, Miriam Calvo Gomez, Albert Comerma, Miroslaw Firlej, Conor Fitzpatrick, Xabier Cid Vidal, Mathieu Perrin-Terrin, Luis Miguel Garcia Martin, Tomasz Szumlak, Themistocles Bowcock, Michael Winn, Marco Santimaria, Alison Tully, Gerhard Raven, Mirco Dorigo, Stéphane T'Jampens, Paolo Carniti, Ulrik Egede, Igor Gorelov, Jakub Moron, Michael Schmelling, Federico Redi, Oliver Lupton, Antonio Augusto Alves Junior, Pieter David, Carlos Vázquez Sierra, Adriano Lai, Fernando Rodrigues, Manuel Tobias Schiller, Giampiero Mancinelli, Albert Puig Navarro, Lars Eklund, Jacco De Vries, Stanislav Poslavsky, Jairo Alexis Rodriguez L, Paul Soler, Cibrán Santamarina Ríos, Leandro De Paula, Eugeni Graugés, Sevda Esen, George Lafferty, Máximo Pló Casasús, Gloria Corti, Konstantin Belous, Michel De Cian, Edgar Lemos Cid, Roberta Cardinale, Carla Marin Benito, Dominik Stefan Mitzel, Chris Parkes, Gerco Onderwater, Barbara Storaci, Alessandro Petrolini, Lorenzo Capriotti, Olivier Deschamps, Eleonora Luppi, Wojciech Krzemien, Simone Bifani, Giovanni Cavallero, Timofei Maltsev, Pietro Marino, Roberto Calabrese, Tadeusz Lesiak, David Gascon, Victor Daussy-Renaudin, Maria Vieites Diaz, Suzanne Klaver, Daniel Craik, Laurent Dufour, Arantza Oyanguren, Vincent Tisserand, Claire Prouve, Stefano Perazzini, Juan José Saborido Silva, Agnieszka Dziurda, and Vladimir Gligorov

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear physics, Particle physics, Large Hadron Collider, Luminosity (scattering theory), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Branching fraction, 0103 physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences, Standard Model
Abstract

A search for the rare decays B0s→μ+μ− and B0→μ+μ− is performed at the LHCb experiment using data collected in pp collisions corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 4.4 fb−1. An excess of B0s→μ+μ− decays is observed with a significance of 7.8 standard deviations, representing the first observation of this decay in a single experiment. The branching fraction is measured to be B(B0s→μ+μ−)=(3.0±0.6+0.3−0.2)×10−9, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The first measurement of the B0s→μ+μ− effective lifetime, τ(B0s→μ+μ−)=2.04±0.44±0.05 ps, is reported. No significant excess of B0→μ+μ− decays is found and a 95 % confidence level upper limit, B(B0→μ+μ−)

Published
2017

18. Architecture of the LHCb muon Frontend control system upgrade

Author

Valerio Bocci

Subjects
Large Hadron Collider, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Chipset, Computer science, business.industry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, hep-ex, Detector, Control unit, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Microcontroller, Upgrade, Backplane, Control system, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, business, physics.ins-det, Computer hardware, Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The LHCb experiment(Fig. 1), that is presently taking data at CERN (European Center for Nuclear Research) Large Hadron Collider (LHC), aims at the study of CP violation in the B meson sector. Its key elements is the Muon detector [1], which allows triggering, and muon identification from inclusive b decays. The electronic system (Fig. 2) of the whole detector is very complex and its Muon detector Experiment Control System (ECS) allows monitoring and control of a number of Front-End boards in excess of 7000. The present system in charge of controlling Muon detector Front-End (FE) Electronics consists of 10 Crates of equipment; each crate contains two kinds of modules: a Pulse Distribution Module (PDM) and up to 20 Service Boards (SB) connected via a custom Backplane for a total amount of about 800 microcontrollers[2]. LHCb upgrade is planned for 2018/19, which will allow the detector to exploit higher luminosity running. This upgrade will allow the experiment to accumulate more luminosity to allow measurements that are more precise. The main idea of the new architecture take advantage of the new CERN fast communication protocol GBT[3] developed for radiation environment leaving unchanged the huge connectivity to the detector and the modularity of the system. The new chipset GBTx and GBT-SCA[4] developed at CERN and the availability of more powerful computers allow designing a new system with fast link to the detector. In the new system, the control unit are moved from the apparatus to the computers in control room instead of the actual system where the low speed bus send high level commands to intelligent unit in the detector. The LHCb experiment(Fig. 1), that is presently taking data at CERN (European Center for Nuclear Research) Large Hadron Collider (LHC), aims at the study of CP violation in the B meson sector. Its key elements is the Muon detector [1], which allows triggering, and muon identification from inclusive b decays. The electronic system (Fig. 2) of the whole detector is very complex and its Muon detector Experiment Control System (ECS) allows monitoring and control of a number of Front-End boards in excess of 7000. The present system in charge of controlling Muon detector Front-End (FE) Electronics consists of 10 Crates of equipment; each crate contains two kinds of modules: a Pulse Distribution Module (PDM) and up to 20 Service Boards (SB) connected via a custom Backplane for a total amount of about 800 microcontrollers[2]. LHCb upgrade is planned for 2018/19, which will allow the detector to exploit higher luminosity running. This upgrade will allow the experiment to accumulate more luminosity to allow measurements that are more precise. The main idea of the new architecture take advantage of the new CERN fast communication protocol GBT[3] developed for radiation environment leaving unchanged the huge connectivity to the detector and the modularity of the system. The new chipset GBTx and GBT-SCA[4] developed at CERN and the availability of more powerful computers allow designing a new system with fast link to the detector. In the new system, the control unit are moved from the apparatus to the computers in control room instead of the actual system where the low speed bus send high level commands to intelligent unit in the detector.

Published
2015

19. Power Consumption Versus Configuration SEUs in Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGAs

Author

Luca Sterpone, Raffaele Giordano, Vincenzo Izzo, Massimo Violante, Valerio Bocci, Alberto Aloisio, Aloisio, Alberto, Valerio, Bocci, Giordano, Raffaele, Izzo, Vincenzo, Luca, Sterpone, and Massimo, Violante

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Engineering, Interconnection, Virtex, business.industry, Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY, Fault injection, Fault (power engineering), Reliability (semiconductor), Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Embedded system, Electronic engineering, Static random-access memory, Hardware_ARITHMETICANDLOGICSTRUCTURES, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Routing (electronic design automation), business, Field-programmable gate array
Abstract

SEUs in the configuration memory are the major cause of faults in SRAM-based FPGAs exposed to radiation. Most of the research about this topic focuses on studying the mechanism of random changes in the FPGA resources (logic blocks, flip-flops, IO, and interconnection network) for their impact on the overall device reliability and fault analysis, while much less effort has been spent in evaluating the effects of SEUs on power consumption. In this paper, we present a detailed analysis of the power consumption of a Xilinx Virtex 5 LX50T on the CORE, AUX, MGT and IO domains during irradiation with 62-MeV proton beams. The tests have been performed at the Superconductive Cyclotron of the LNS-INFN facility (Catania, Italy). Changes in power consumption (most notably in the logic core) are experienced. We present an analysis of the current trends and the results of fault injection tests, on the programmable routing resources, aimed at confirming or excluding possible fault mechanisms for the SEU-induced current variations.

Published
2013

20. Intraoperative β− detecting probe for radio-guided surgery in tumour resection

Author

Elena Solfaroli Camillocci, Fabio Bellini, Valerio Bocci, Francesco Collamati, Erika De Lucia, Riccardo Faccini, Michela Marafini, Ilaria Mattei, Riccardo Paramatti, Vincenzo Patera, Davide Pinci, Luigi Recchia, Aandrea Russomando, Alessio Sarti, Adalberto Sciubba, Martina Senzacqua, Cecilia Voena, and Silvio Morganti

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Radiation, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging, Instrumentation, Radiology
Published
2015

22. The ArduSiPM a compact trasportable Software/Hardware Data Acquisition system for SiPM detector

Author

Francesco Iacoangeli, L. Recchia, G. Chiodi, Valerio Bocci, and Massimo Nuccetelli

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Computer science, Preamplifier, business.industry, Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, Analog-to-digital converter, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), law.invention, Time-to-digital converter, Microcontroller, Silicon photomultiplier, Data acquisition, law, Arduino, business, Computer hardware
Abstract

The acquisition of a single Silicon Photomultiplier require multiple and expensive electronics modules as : preamplifier, discriminator, bias voltage power supply, temperature monitor, Scalers, Analog to Digital Converter and Time to Digital Converter . The developed ArduSiPM is a compact cost effective and easily replicable Hardware software module for SiPM detector readout. The ArduSiPM uses an Arduino DUE (an open Software/Hardware board based on an ARM Cortex-M3 microcontroller) as processor board and a piggyback custom designed board (Shield), these are controlled by custom developed software and interface. The Shield contains different electronics features both to monitor, to set and to acquire the SiPM signals using the microcontroller board. The shield embed a controlled bias voltage power supply, a fast voltage preamplifier, a programmable fast discriminator to generate over threshold digital pulse , a peak hold to measure the pulse height, a temperature monitor system, a scaler to monitor over threshold rate and arrival time of the pulses. A TCP/IP Wi-Fi or Ethernet connection is used both to control and to acquire the ArduSiPM remotely with either a PC software or a Tablet APP (depending on the application).

Published
2014

23. Testing radiation tolerance of SerDeses for the SuperB experiment

Author

Valerio Bocci, Alberto Aloisio, and Raffaele Giordano

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear physics, Luminosity (scattering theory), Radiation tolerance, law, business.industry, Nuclear electronics, Detector, Electrical engineering, Readout electronics, Collider, business, law.invention
Abstract

SuperB is a novel, high luminosity (1036cm−2s−1), asymmetric e+e- collider to be built at the Cabibbo Laboratory, in the campus of the University of Rome Tor Vergata (Italy). A detector and its associated electronics (ETD) will be installed in this facility. High-speed serial links will be used for trigger and clock distribution and for data read-out. Given the high luminosity of the accelerator, the on-detector ends of the links will have to cope with the expected radiation levels. In this work, we present the results of irradiation tests on some off-the-shelf components candidate for the electrical part of the links. We tested both standalone SerDeses and FPGA-embedded ones. We irradiated the components with a 62-MeV proton beam at INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (Catania, Italy) and with a Cobalt-60 γ-ray source at ENEA, La Casaccia (Rome, Italy).

Published
2011

24. A LYSO calorimeter for the SuperB factory

Author

Cecchi, Claudia, Valerio, Bocci, Germani, Stefano, Pasquale, Lubrano, Manoni, Elisa, Rossi, Alessandro, Michel, Lebeau, Marco, Bizzarri, Giacomo, Chiodi, and Andrea, Papi

Published
2011

25. The Muon Front-End Control Electronics of the LHCb Experiment

Author

R. A. Nobrega, Francesco Iacoangeli, Francesco Messi, Valerio Bocci, and G. Chiodi

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Wire chamber, business.industry, Detector, Electrical engineering, Front and back ends, Microcontroller, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Control system, Nuclear electronics, Gas electron multiplier, Electronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business
Abstract

The LHCb muon readout apparatus is made of 1368 Multi-Wire Proportional Chambers (MWPC) and 24 Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) chambers connected to 7632 16-channel front-end boards, resulting in 122.112 channels to be read out. After a pp collision, all the resulting signals must be read within 25 ns, before the next collision. The large-scale of the system and the time constrains naturally led to the development of a custom and complex control system made of about 600 microcontrollers (μC) and 150 flash-based FPGAs which are directly connected to the front-end electronics and handled by six computers. Besides configuring and monitoring the on-chamber readout electronics, a set of calibration and debugging oriented procedures have been developed to measure the noise, to time align and to assess the connection chains of every single channel of the detector. This document presents and describes the electronics developed to this purpose.

Published
2010

26. The KLOE trigger system

Author

Margherita Primavera, Y.Y. Jang, Francesco Lacava, F. Grancagnolo, G. Lanfranchi, S. Moccia, D. Picca, R. de Sangro, B. Valeriani, F. Cervelli, G. Finocchiaro, O. Erriquez, C. Bacci, Cesare Bini, Juliet Lee-Franzini, P. Franzini, G. De Robertis, R. Caloi, C. Pistillo, A. Bankamp, Massimo Antonelli, F. Ruggieri, Y. Zhou, P.P. Zhao, L. Ingrosso, Alberto Aloisio, G. De Zorzi, A. Nedosekin, G. Barbiellini, E. Spiriti, W. Kluge, Claudio Gatti, W. Mei, C. Bloise, F. Ambrosino, E. Drago, S. Giovannella, M. Casarsa, Cristian Stanescu, P. Branchini, E. De Lucia, G. Chiefari, L. Paoluzi, F. Anulli, F. Lomtadze, C. Di Donato, E. Santovetti, A. Antonelli, G.L. Tong, Christoph Schwick, F. Bossi, R. D. Schamberger, V.M. Golovatyuk, P. Gauzzi, Emilio Petrolo, S. Conetti, P. Silano, G. Felici, Fabrizio Scuri, Alessandra Doria, E. Graziani, L. Tortora, Yuehong Xie, V. Elia, G. Petrucci, Ludovico Pontecorvo, Barbara Sciascia, Valerio Bocci, S. Miscetti, C.S. Mao, G. Cabibbo, Edoardo Gorini, M. Martemianov, G. Venanzoni, A. Farilla, Marco Adinolfi, Igor Sfiligoi, S. Di Falco, E. Denig, Filippo Ceradini, A. Di Domenico, C. Luisi, L. Merola, S.A. Bulychjov, J. Shan, A. Franceschi, F. Bellini, Paolo Santangelo, Pierluigi Campana, M.L. Ferrer, W. Grandegger, R. Messi, S. Conticelli, Stefano Veneziano, A. Moalem, G. Bencivenni, F. Murtas, Xiaojing Huang, H.G. Han, Paolo Ciambrone, G. Saracino, S. Spagnolo, Enrico Pasqualucci, S.W. Han, P. De Simone, S. Bertolucci, L. Pacciani, P. Pages, Alessandro Cardini, S. Dell’Agnello, S. Mueller, P. Guarnaccia, F. Cevenini, E. Valente, G. Carboni, U. v. Hagel, G. Capon, M. Pollack, Vincenzo Patera, A. Passeri, A. Calcaterra, A. Sciubba, C. Forti, Yican Wu, P. Valente, G. Cataldi, M.L. Gao, M. Napolitano, T. Spadaro, M. Panareo, M. Passaseo, Andrea Ferrari, A. Andryakov, M. A. Matsyuk, V. V. Kulikov, M. Palutan, Giuseppe Pirozzi, W. Kim, M. Moulson, L. Passalacqua, M. Incagli, M., Adinolfi, Gorini, Edoardo, Primavera, Margherita, A., Aloisio, F., Ambrosino, A., Andryakov, A., Antonelli, M., Antonelli, F., Anulli, C., Bacci, A., Bankamp, G., Barbiellini, F., Bellini, G., Bencivenni, S., Bertolucci, C., Bini, C., Bloise, V., Bocci, F., Bossi, P., Branchini, S. A., Bulychov, G., Cabibbo, A., Calcaterra, R., Caloi, P., Campana, G., Capon, G., Carboni, A., Cardini, M., Casarsa, G., Cataldi, F., Ceradini, F., Cervelli, F., Cevenini, G., Chiefari, P., Ciambrone, S., Conetti, S., Conticelli, E., DE LUCIA, G., DE ROBERTIS, R., DE SANGRO, P., DE SIMONE, G., DE ZORZI, S., Dell'Agnello, E., Denig, A., DI DOMENICO, C., DI DONATO, S., DI FALCO, A., Doria, E., Drago, Elia, Valerio, O., Erriquez, A., Farilla, G., Felici, A., Ferrari, M. L., Ferrer, G., Finocchiaro, C., Forti, A., Franceschi, P., Franzini, M. L., Gao, C., Gatti, P., Gauzzi, S., Giovannella, V., Golovatyuk, F., Grancagnolo, W., Grandegger, E., Graziani, P., Guarnaccia, U., VON HAGEL, H. G., Han, S. W., Han, X., Huang, M., Incagli, L., Ingrosso, Y. Y., Jang, W., Kim, W., Kluge, V., Kulikov, F., Lacava, G., Lanfranchi, J., LEE FRANZINI, F., Lomtadze, C., Luisi, C. S., Mao, M., Martemyanov, M., Matsyuk, W., Mei, L., Merola, R., Messi, S., Miscetti, A., Moalem, S., Moccia, M., Moulson, S., Mueller, F., Murta, M., Napolitano, A., Nedosekin, Panareo, Marco, L., Pacciani, P., Page, M., Palutan, L., Paoluzi, E., Pasqualucci, L., Passalacqua, M., Passaseo, A., Passeri, V., Patera, E., Petrolo, G., Petrucci, D., Picca, G., Pirozzi, C., Pistillo, M., Pollack, L., Pontecorvo, M., Primavera, F., Ruggieri, P., Santangelo, E., Santovetti, G., Saracino, R. D., Schamberger, C., Schwick, B., Sciascia, A., Sciubba, F., Scuri, I., Sfiligoi, J., Shan, P., Silano, T., Spadaro, Spagnolo, Stefania Antonia, E., Spiriti, C., Stanescu, G. L., Tong, L., Tortora, E., Valente, P., Valente, B., Valeriani, G., Venanzoni, S., Veneziano, Y., Wu, Y. G., Xie, P. P., Zhao, Y., Zhou, S. A., Bulychjov, E. D., Lucia, G. D., Roberti, R. D., Sangro, P. D., Simone, G. D., Zorzi, A. D., Domenico, C. D., Donato, S. D., Falco, V., Elia, G., Fillocchiaro, U. v., Hagel, V., Kulilov, J., Lee Franzini, M., Martemianov, Aloisio, Alberto, Ambrosino, Fabio, Cevenini, Francesco, Chiefari, Giovanni, E., De Lucia, G., De Roberti, R., De Sangro, P., De Simone, G., De Zorzi, S., Dell’Agnello, A., Di Domenico, DI DONATO, Camilla, S., Di Falco, M. L., Gaom, E., Gorini, Y. Y. Jang W., Kim, Merola, Leonardo, Napolitano, Marco, M., Panareo, P., Pagè, Saracino, Giulio, and S., Spagnolo

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Luminosity (scattering theory), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, Electrical engineering, Dead time, Particle detector, Trigger, Control system, KLOE, Measuring instrument, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Electronics, Kaon Physic, business, Instrumentation, Electronic circuit
Abstract

A double-level trigger system has been developed for the KLOE experiment. Custom electronics asserts a trigger in a 2 mus decision time. The decision is based on the combined information of the electromagnetic calorimeter and the drift chamber. The entire trigger system is continuously monitored, and data flowing from the trigger system hal e allowed both an efficient online monitoring of the detector and an online luminosity measurement. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2001

27. Physics case for an LHCb Upgrade II - Opportunities in flavour physics, and beyond, in the HL-LHC era

Author

Roel Aaij, Bernardo Adeva, Marco Adinolfi, Christine Angela Aidala, Ziad Ajaltouni, Simon Akar, Pietro Albicocco, Johannes Albrecht, Federico Alessio, Michael Alexander, Alejandro Alfonso Albero, Suvayu Ali, Georgy Alkhazov, Paula Alvarez Cartelle, Antonio Augusto Alves, Sandra Amato, Silvia Amerio, Yasmine Amhis, Liupan An, Lucio Anderlini, Guido Andreassi, Mirco Andreotti, Jason Andrews, Robert Appleby, Flavio Archilli, Argent, Philippe D., Joan Arnau Romeu, Alexander Artamonov, Marina Artuso, Kenenbek Arzymatov, Elie Aslanides, Michele Atzeni, Sebastian Bachmann, John Back, Sophie Baker, Vladislav Balagura, Wander Baldini, Alexander Baranov, Roger Barlow, Sergey Barsuk, William Barter, Fedor Baryshnikov, Varvara Batozskaya, Baasansuren Batsukh, Vincenzo Battista, Aurelio Bay, John Beddow, Franco Bedeschi, Ignacio Bediaga, Andrew Beiter, Lennaert Bel, Nikita Beliy, Violaine Bellee, Nicoletta Belloli, Konstantin Belous, Ivan Belyaev, Eli Ben-Haim, Giovanni Bencivenni, Sean Benson, Sarah Beranek, Alexander Berezhnoy, Roland Bernet, Daniel Berninghoff, Emilie Bertholet, Alessandro Bertolin, Christopher Betancourt, Federico Betti, Marc-Olivier Bettler, Martinus van Beuzekom, Iaroslava Bezshyiko, Srishti Bhasin, Jihyun Bhom, Simone Bifani, Pierre Billoir, Alex Birnkraut, Andrea Bizzeti, Mikkel Bjørn, Michele Piero Blago, Thomas Blake, Frederic Blanc, Steven Blusk, Dana Bobulska, Valerio Bocci, Oscar Boente Garcia, Thomas Boettcher, Alexander Bondar, Nikolay Bondar, Silvia Borghi, Maxim Borisyak, Martino Borsato, Francesco Bossu, Meriem Boubdir, Themistocles Bowcock, Concezio Bozzi, Svende Braun, Michael Brodski, Jolanta Brodzicka, Arnau Brossa Gonzalo, Davide Brundu, Emma Buchanan, Annarita Buonaura, Christopher Burr, Albert Bursche, Jan Buytaert, Wiktor Byczynski, Sandro Cadeddu, Hao Cai, Roberto Calabrese, Ryan Calladine, Marta Calvi, Miriam Calvo Gomez, Alessandro Camboni, Pierluigi Campana, Daniel Hugo Campora Perez, Lorenzo Capriotti, Angelo Carbone, Giovanni Carboni, Roberta Cardinale, Alessandro Cardini, Paolo Carniti, Laurence Carson, Kazuyoshi Carvalho Akiba, Gianluigi Casse, Lorenzo Cassina, Marco Cattaneo, Giovanni Cavallero, Riccardo Cenci, David Chamont, Matthew George Chapman, Matthew Charles, Philippe Charpentier, Georgios Chatzikonstantinidis, Maximilien Chefdeville, Viktoriia Chekalina, Chen Chen, Shanzhen Chen, Stefan-Gabriel Chitic, Veronika Chobanova, Marcin Chrzaszcz, Alexsei Chubykin, Paolo Ciambrone, Xabier Cid Vidal, Gregory Ciezarek, Peter Clarke, Marco Clemencic, Harry Cliff, Joel Closier, Victor Coco, Coelho, Joao A. B., Julien Cogan, Eric Cogneras, Lucian Cojocariu, Paula Collins, Tommaso Colombo, Albert Comerma-Montells, Andrea Contu, George Coombs, Samuel Coquereau, Gloria Corti, Marco Corvo, Cayo Mar Costa Sobral, Benjamin Couturier, Greig Cowan, Daniel Charles Craik, Andrew Crocombe, Melissa Maria Cruz Torres, Robert Currie, Ambrosio, Carmelo D., Franciole da Cunha Marinho, Cesar Luiz da Silva, Elena Dall'Occo, Jeremy Dalseno, Anna Danilina, Adam Davis, Oscar de Aguiar Francisco, Kristof de Bruyn, Stefano de Capua, Michel de Cian, Jussara de Miranda, Leandro de Paula, Marilisa de Serio, Patrizia de Simone, Cameron Thomas Dean, Daniel Decamp, Luigi del Buono, Blaise Delaney, Hans Peter Dembinski, Moritz Demmer, Adam Dendek, Denis Derkach, Olivier Deschamps, Fabrice Desse, Francesco Dettori, Biplab Dey, Angelo Di Canto, Pasquale Di Nezza, Sergey Didenko, Hans Dijkstra, Francesca Dordei, Mirco Dorigo, Alvaro Dosil Suárez, Lauren Douglas, Anatoliy Dovbnya, Karlis Dreimanis, Laurent Dufour, Giulio Dujany, Paolo Durante, John Matthew Durham, Deepanwita Dutta, Rustem Dzhelyadin, Michal Dziewiecki, Agnieszka Dziurda, Alexey Dzyuba, Sajan Easo, Ulrik Egede, Victor Egorychev, Semen Eidelman, Stephan Eisenhardt, Ulrich Eitschberger, Robert Ekelhof, Lars Eklund, Scott Ely, Alexandru Ene, Stephan Escher, Sevda Esen, Timothy Evans, Antonio Falabella, Christian Färber, Nathanael Farley, Stephen Farry, Davide Fazzini, Luca Federici, Mauricio Féo, Gerard Fernandez, Placido Fernandez Declara, Antonio Fernandez Prieto, Fabio Ferrari, Lino Ferreira Lopes, Fernando Ferreira Rodrigues, Massimiliano Ferro-Luzzi, Sergey Filippov, Rosa Anna Fini, Massimiliano Fiorini, Miroslaw Firlej, Conor Fitzpatrick, Tomasz Fiutowski, Frederic Fleuret, Marianna Fontana, Flavio Fontanelli, Roger Forty, Vinicius Franco Lima, Markus Frank, Christoph Frei, Jinlin Fu, Wolfgang Funk, Emmy Gabriel, Abraham Gallas Torreira, Domenico Galli, Stefano Gallorini, Silvia Gambetta, Yuyue Gan, Miriam Gandelman, Paolo Gandini, Yuanning Gao, Luis Miguel Garcia Martin, Julián García Pardiñas, Beatriz Garcia Plana, Jordi Garra Tico, Lluis Garrido, David Gascon, Clara Gaspar, Laura Gavardi, Giulio Gazzoni, David Gerick, Evelina Gersabeck, Marco Gersabeck, Timothy Gershon, Dawid Gerstel, Philippe Ghez, Sebastiana Gianì, Valerie Gibson, Olivier Göran Girard, Lavinia-Helena Giubega, Konstantin Gizdov, Vladimir Gligorov, Carla Göbel, Dmitry Golubkov, Andrey Golutvin, Alvaro Gomes, Igor Vladimirovich Gorelov, Claudio Gotti, Ekaterina Govorkova, Jascha Peter Grabowski, Ricardo Graciani Diaz, Luis Alberto Granado Cardoso, Eugeni Graugés, Elena Graverini, Giacomo Graziani, Alexandru Grecu, Roman Greim, Peter Griffith, Lucia Grillo, Lukas Gruber, Barak Raimond Gruberg Cazon, Oliver Grünberg, Chenxi Gu, Evgeny Gushchin, Yury Guz, Thierry Gys, Thomas Hadavizadeh, Christos Hadjivasiliou, Guido Haefeli, Christophe Haen, Susan Haines, Brian Hamilton, Xiaoxue Han, Thomas Henry Hancock, Stephanie Hansmann-Menzemer, Neville Harnew, Samuel Harnew, Thomas Harrison, Christoph Hasse, Mark Hatch, Jibo He, Malte Hecker, Kevin Heinicke, Arno Heister, Karol Hennessy, Louis Henry, Eric van Herwijnen, Miriam Heß, Adlène Hicheur, Raoul Hidalgo Charman, Donal Hill, Martha Hilton, Plamen Hristov Hopchev, Wenhua Hu, Wenqian Huang, Zachary Huard, Wouter Hulsbergen, Thibaud Humair, Mikhail Hushchyn, David Hutchcroft, Daniel Hynds, Philipp Ibis, Marek Idzik, Philip Ilten, Kuzma Ivshin, Richard Jacobsson, Pawel Jalocha, Eddy Jans, Abolhassan Jawahery, Feng Jiang, Malcolm John, Daniel Johnson, Christopher Jones, Christian Joram, Beat Jost, Nathan Jurik, Sergii Kandybei, Matthias Karacson, James Mwangi Kariuki, Sarah Karodia, Nikita Kazeev, Matthieu Kecke, Floris Keizer, Matthew Kelsey, Matthew Kenzie, Tjeerd Ketel, Egor Khairullin, Basem Khanji, Chitsanu Khurewathanakul, Kyung Eun Kim, Thomas Kirn, Suzanne Klaver, Konrad Klimaszewski, Tatsiana Klimkovich, Serhii Koliiev, Michael Kolpin, Renata Kopecna, Patrick Koppenburg, Igor Kostiuk, Sofia Kotriakhova, Mohamad Kozeiha, Leonid Kravchuk, Michal Kreps, Felix Johannes Kress, Pavel Krokovny, Wojciech Krupa, Wojciech Krzemien, Wojciech Kucewicz, Marcin Kucharczyk, Vasily Kudryavtsev, Axel Kevin Kuonen, Tengiz Kvaratskheliya, Daniel Lacarrere, George Lafferty, Adriano Lai, Davide Lancierini, Gaia Lanfranchi, Christoph Langenbruch, Thomas Latham, Cristina Lazzeroni, Renaud Le Gac, Regis Lefèvre, Alexander Leflat, Jacques Lefrançois, Florian Lemaitre, Olivier Leroy, Tadeusz Lesiak, Blake Leverington, Pei-Rong Li, Tenglin Li, Zhuoming Li, Xixin Liang, Tatiana Likhomanenko, Rolf Lindner, Federica Lionetto, Vitalii Lisovskyi, Xuesong Liu, David Loh, Angelo Loi, Iain Longstaff, Jose Lopes, George Holger Lovell, Donatella Lucchesi, Miriam Lucio Martinez, Anna Lupato, Eleonora Luppi, Oliver Lupton, Alberto Lusiani, Xiao-Rui Lyu, Frederic Machefert, Florin Maciuc, Vladimir Macko, Patrick Mackowiak, Samuel Maddrell-Mander, Oleg Maev, Kevin Maguire, Dmitrii Maisuzenko, Maciej Witold Majewski, Sneha Malde, Bartosz Malecki, Alexander Malinin, Timofei Maltsev, Giulia Manca, Giampiero Mancinelli, Daniele Marangotto, Jan Maratas, Jean-François Marchand, Umberto Marconi, Carla Marin Benito, Matthieu Marinangeli, Pietro Marino, Jörg Marks, Phillip John Marshall, Giuseppe Martellotti, Morgan Martin, Maurizio Martinelli, Diego Martinez Santos, Fernando Martinez Vidal, André Massafferri, Marcel Materok, Rosen Matev, Abhijit Mathad, Zoltan Mathe, Clara Matteuzzi, Andrea Mauri, Emilie Maurice, Brice Maurin, Alexander Mazurov, Michael Mccann, Andrew Mcnab, Ronan Mcnulty, James Vincent Mead, Brian Meadows, Cedric Meaux, Frank Meier, Nis Meinert, Dmytro Melnychuk, Marcel Merk, Andrea Merli, Emanuele Michielin, Diego Alejandro Milanes, Edward James Millard, Marie-Noelle Minard, Luca Minzoni, Dominik Stefan Mitzel, Antje Mödden, Andrea Mogini, Josue Molina Rodriguez, Titus Mombächer, Igancio Alberto Monroy, Stephane Monteil, Mauro Morandin, Gianfranco Morello, Michael Joseph Morello, Olga Morgunova, Jakub Moron, Adam Benjamin Morris, Raymond Mountain, Franz Muheim, Mick Mulder, Dominik Müller, Janine Müller, Katharina Müller, Vanessa Müller, Colm Harold Murphy, Donal Murray, Paras Naik, Tatsuya Nakada, Raja Nandakumar, Anita Nandi, Tara Nanut, Irina Nasteva, Matthew Needham, Nicola Neri, Sebastian Neubert, Niko Neufeld, Max Neuner, Thi Dung Nguyen, Chung Nguyen-Mau, Simon Nieswand, Ramon Niet, Nikolay Nikitin, Alla Nogay, Hanlon, Daniel Patrick O., Agnieszka Oblakowska-Mucha, Vladimir Obraztsov, Stephen Ogilvy, Rudolf Oldeman, Gerco Onderwater, Anna Ossowska, Juan Martin Otalora Goicochea, Patrick Owen, Maria Aranzazu Oyanguren, Preema Rennee Pais, Antimo Palano, Matteo Palutan, Gennady Panshin, Antonios Papanestis, Marco Pappagallo, Luciano Pappalardo, William Parker, Christopher Parkes, Giovanni Passaleva, Alessandra Pastore, Mitesh Patel, Claudia Patrignani, Alex Pearce, Antonio Pellegrino, Gianni Penso, Monica Pepe Altarelli, Stefano 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Remon Alepuz, Zan Ren, Victor Renaudin, Stefania Ricciardi, Sophie Richards, Kurt Rinnert, Patrick Robbe, Arnaud Robert, Ana Barbara Rodrigues, Eduardo Rodrigues, Jairo Alexis Rodriguez Lopez, Markus Roehrken, Alexey Rogozhnikov, Stefan Roiser, Alexandra Paige Rollings, Vladimir Romanovskiy, Antonio Romero Vidal, Marcello Rotondo, Matthew Scott Rudolph, Thomas Ruf, Joan Ruiz Vidal, Juan Jose Saborido Silva, Naylya Sagidova, Biagio Saitta, Valdir Salustino Guimaraes, Cristina Sanchez Gras, Carlos Sanchez Mayordomo, Brais Sanmartin Sedes, Roberta Santacesaria, Cibran Santamarina Rios, Marco Santimaria, Emanuele Santovetti, Gediminas Sarpis, Alessio Sarti, Celestina Satriano, Alessia Satta, Miroslav Saur, Darya Savrina, Stefan Schael, Margarete Schellenberg, Manuel Schiller, Heinrich Schindler, Michael Schmelling, Timon Schmelzer, Burkhard Schmidt, Olivier Schneider, Andreas Schopper, Hf Schreiner, Maxime Schubiger, Marie Helene Schune, Rainer Schwemmer, Barbara Sciascia, Adalberto Sciubba, Alexander Semennikov, Eduardo Enrique Sepulveda, Antonino Sergi, Nicola Serra, Justine Serrano, Lorenzo Sestini, Alex Seuthe, Paul Seyfert, Mikhail Shapkin, Yury Shcheglov, Tara Shears, Lev Shekhtman, Vladimir Shevchenko, Evgenii Shmanin, Benedetto Gianluca Siddi, Rafael Silva Coutinho, Luiz Gustavo Silva de Oliveira, Gabriele Simi, Saverio Simone, Nicola Skidmore, Tomasz Skwarnicki, John Gordon Smeaton, Eluned Smith, Iwan Thomas Smith, Mark Smith, Marcelo Soares, Lais Soares Lavra, Michael Sokoloff, Paul Soler, Bruno Souza de Paula, Bernhard Spaan, Patrick Spradlin, Federico Stagni, Marian Stahl, Sascha Stahl, Pavol Stefko, Slavomira Stefkova, Olaf Steinkamp, Simon Stemmle, Oleg Stenyakin, Margarita Stepanova, Holger Stevens, Sheldon Stone, Barbara Storaci, Simone Stracka, Maria Elena Stramaglia, Mihai Straticiuc, Ulrich Straumann, Sergey Strokov, Jiayin Sun, Liang Sun, Krzysztof Swientek, Vasileios Syropoulos, Tomasz Szumlak, Maciej Pawel Szymanski, Jampens, Stephane T., Zhipeng Tang, Andrey Tayduganov, Tobias Tekampe, Giulia Tellarini, Frederic Teubert, Eric Thomas, Jeroen van Tilburg, Matthew James Tilley, Vincent Tisserand, Siim Tolk, Luca Tomassetti, da Yu Tou, Rafael Tourinho Jadallah Aoude, Edwige Tournefier, Murdo Traill, Minh Tâm Tran, Ana Trisovic, Andrei Tsaregorodtsev, Alison Tully, Niels Tuning, Artur Ukleja, Andrii Usachov, Andrey Ustyuzhanin, Ulrich Uwer, Claudia Vacca, Alexander Vagner, Vincenzo Vagnoni, Andrea Valassi, Sebastien Valat, Giovanni Valenti, Ricardo Vazquez Gomez, Pablo Vazquez Regueiro, Carlos Vázquez Sierra, Stefania Vecchi, Maarten van Veghel, Jaap Velthuis, Michele Veltri, Giovanni Veneziano, Aravindhan Venkateswaran, Tobias Anton Verlage, Maxime Vernet, Michele Veronesi, Naomi Veronika, Mika Vesterinen, Joao Vitor Viana Barbosa, Daniel Vieira, Maria Vieites Diaz, Harald Viemann, Xavier Vilasis-Cardona, Arseniy Vitkovskiy, Marcela Vitti, Vladimir Volkov, Achim Vollhardt, Balazs Voneki, Alexey Vorobyev, Vitaly Vorobyev, Jacco de Vries, Roland Waldi, John Walsh, Jianchun Wang, Mengzhen Wang, Yilong Wang, Zhenzi Wang, David Ward, Heather Mckenzie Wark, Nigel Watson, David Websdale, Andreas Weiden, Constantin Weisser, Mark Whitehead, Jean Wicht, Guy Wilkinson, Michael Wilkinson, Ifan Williams, Mark Richard James Williams, Mike Williams, Timothy Williams, Fergus Wilson, Jack Wimberley, Michael Andreas Winn, Julian Wishahi, Wojciech Wislicki, Mariusz Witek, Guy Wormser, Stephen Wotton, Kenneth Wyllie, Dong Xiao, Yuehong Xie, Ao Xu, Menglin Xu, Qingnian Xu, Zehua Xu, Zhirui Xu, Zhenwei Yang, Zishuo Yang, Yuezhe Yao, Lauren Emma Yeomans, Hang Yin, Jiesheng Yu, Xuhao Yuan, Oleg Yushchenko, Kristian Alexander Zarebski, Mikhail Zavertyaev, Dongliang Zhang, Liming Zhang, Wen Chao Zhang, Yanxi Zhang, Alexey Zhelezov, Yangheng Zheng, Xianglei Zhu, Valery Zhukov, Jennifer Brigitta Zonneveld, and Stefano Zucchelli

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