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Purpose: To determine which clinical factors might affect the postimplantoplasty presence of residual threads, platform alterations, and level of surface roughness. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 implants were placed in 20 resin models (10 edentulous maxillary models and 10 partially dentate mandibular models), and 5-mm peri-implant bone defects were created. These models were then placed in simulation mannequins. A single researcher performed the implantoplasties, which were divided into the following groups: favorable situation (FS; maxillary incisors without adjacent teeth), unfavorable situation (US; mandibular molars with adjacent teeth), crown (C; mandibular premolars with a prosthetic crown and adjacent teeth), and noncrown (NC; mandibular premolars with adjacent teeth and without a prosthetic crown). The presence of residual threads, gaps in the implant-abutment interface, and silicone debris was assessed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the surface roughness (Sa and Sz) was analyzed with a confocal optical microscope. A descriptive and bivariate analysis was conducted. Results: The postimplantoplasty surfaces were significantly smoother than the original implant surfaces. The surface roughness was significantly higher in the US group than in the FS group. Gaps in the implant-abutment interface were infrequent (6.67%; 95% CI = 2.62 to 15.93) and only appeared in the posterior zone. The odds ratio for the presence of residual threads and silicone debris (US group vs FS group) was 7.1 (95% CI = 4.15 to 12.14; P < .001) and 5.53 (95% CI = 3.21 to 9.53; P < .001), respectively. When a prosthetic crown was present, residual threads were 7 times more likely to be found (OR = 7.0; 95% CI = 3.5 to 13.99; P < .001). Conclusions: Implantoplasty leads to a significant reduction in the surface roughness of implants but is affected by several variables. Performing implantoplasty on posterior mandibular implants with adjacent teeth seems to be more challenging compared to implants placed in the anterior region of a fully edentulous maxilla. The presence of a prosthetic crown should also be considered as a relevant factor. Furthermore, implantoplasty can sometimes cause gaps in the implant-abutment interface and an accumulation of silicone debris, especially in areas with limited access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: An evaluation was made of the psychometric properties of a Spanish version of the Consultation and Relational Empathy Measure (CARE) to assess relational empathy in undergraduate dental students. In addition, the influence of demographic, socio‐economic and consultation‐related factors upon the degree of perceived empathy and overall satisfaction was studied. Materials and Methods: A cross‐sectional study was carried out in patients seen in the Oral Surgery Unit by fourth year dental students. Dentists, specialized translators and psychologists developed the translation of the questionnaire. After a pilot test, a convenience sample of patients was included. Construct validity was tested by factor analysis using principal component analysis with varimax rotation and Kaiser standardization, and internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's α. Results: Two pilot tests were carried out with a panel of experts until the final version of the questionnaire was established. In the validation stage, 191 patients participated (92 men and 99 women), with a mean age of 52.5 ± 17 years. The mean score of the CARE measure was 47.2 ± 4.4, and 57.6% of the patients (n = 110) reported the maximum score on the questionnaire. The final version showed a 1‐factor solution explaining 68.6% of the total variance, with excellent final internal consistency (α = 93.4%). Conclusion: The Spanish version of the CARE measure affords high reliability and validity in assessing relational empathy in dental students. Perceived empathy is related to overall satisfaction. Patient demographics and the number of visits do not influence perceived empathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The main objective of this study was to assess the influence of bone remodeling on late marginal bone loss in immediately loaded, implant-supported, complete-arch restorations and, secondarily, to determine its relationship to peri-implant disease occurrence using a multilevel analysis. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study of patients treated consecutively in a private clinic with immediately loaded full-arch restorations with at least 12 months of follow-up was conducted. Bone remodeling and marginal bone loss were determined through measurements made on panoramic radiographs by two calibrated examiners. Peri-implant health status was diagnosed in a visit for peri-implant maintenance. Descriptive, bivariate, and multilevel analyses were performed with Stata/IC 15.1 software (StataCorp). Results: A total of 30 patients (11 men and 19 women, mean age: 63.3 ± 10.4 years), with a mean follow-up of 37.7 ± 19.6 months were included. Forty arches (20 maxillary and 20 mandibular) received 207 implants. Bone remodeling had an inversely proportional effect on marginal bone loss (P =.005) but was not related to peri-implantitis (P =.103; hazard rate [HR] = 2.1). Conclusion: Taking into account the limitations of this study, bone remodeling around immediately loaded dental implants supporting complete-arch restorations does not appear to increase marginal bone loss or peri-implantitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: A review was done to evaluate the effect of implantoplasty on surface roughness, biofilm formation, and biocompatibility of dental implants. Materials and Methods: Electronic searches were done in PubMed (OVID), Scopus, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library to identify all relevant articles published up to April 2020. All publications evaluating changes in implant surfaces after implantoplasty were included. The primary outcome variable was roughness of the implant surface. The secondary outcome variables were biofilm elimination and regrowth, changes in surface elements, and cell viability. Results: A total of 11 in vitro studies and two in vivo publications were included. Implantoplasty reduced surface roughness of the implant. The final outcome depended on the bur protocol, with tungsten carbide burs providing the smoothest surfaces, followed by silicone polishers. Implantoplasty did not affect cell viability, and roughness was inversely correlated to human gingival fibroblast growth. The technique also proved effective in removing biofilm and preventing its regrowth. Conclusion: Implantoplasty reduces the surface roughness of dental implants, which in turn inhibits biofilm formation without affecting the biocompatibility of titanium implants. Since most of the included studies were made in an in vitro setting, further clinical trials are necessary to confirm these outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To determine the effect of audiovisual eyeglasses in terms of anxiety relief, hemodynamic changes, and intraoperative pain in patients undergoing surgical removal of a mandibular third molar. Method and materials: A randomized controlled clinical trial with two parallel groups was carried out in patients undergoing mandibular third molar extraction. Fifteen patients watched a video with multimedia eyeglasses during the surgical procedure, whereas 15 controls had their eyes covered during extraction. The patients completed anxiety questionnaires before and after surgery. Hemodynamic changes, intraoperative pain, duration of the surgery, and overall satisfaction were recorded. Results: Thirty patients were analyzed. Intraoperative pain and the need for supplemental anesthesia were significantly more frequent in the control group (53.3% versus 13.3%; P < .05). The surgical procedure was also briefer when the eyeglasses were used (17.2 versus 28.1 minutes). Overall satisfaction was similar in both groups. No significant differences were found between the two study groups in terms of anxiety and hemodynamic parameters. Conclusions: The use audiovisual eyeglasses should be routinely considered during mandibular third molar extraction since these devices allow reduction of intraoperative pain and surgery time. However, patient anxiety level and hemodynamic parameters seem to remain unaltered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the accumulation of ions in blood and organs caused by titanium (Ti) metal particles in a mandibular defect in rats, together with a description of the local reaction of oral tissues to this Ti alloy debris. Methods: Twenty Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomly distributed into three groups: an experimental group with a mandibular bone defect filled with metallic debris obtained by implantoplasty; a positive control group; and a negative control group. Thirty days after surgery, the rats were euthanized and perilesional tissue surrounding the mandibular defect was removed, together with the lungs, spleen, liver, and brain. Two blood samples were collected: immediately before surgery and before euthanasia. The perilesional tissue was histologically analyzed using hematoxylin‐eosin staining, and Ti, aluminum, and vanadium ion concentrations in blood and organs were measured by TQ‐ICP‐MS. Descriptive and bivariate analyses of the data were performed. Results: All rats with implanted metal debris showed metal particles and a bone fracture callus on the osseous defect. The metal particles were surrounded by a foreign body reaction characterized by the presence of histiocytes and multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs). The experimental group had a significant higher concentration of Ti ions in all studied organs except lung tissue (p < 0.05). In addition, there were more V ions in the brain in the experimental group (p = 0.008). Conclusions: Although further studies are required to confirm the clinical relevance of these results, Ti metal particles in the jaw might increase the concentration of metal ions in vital organs and induce a foreign body reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To describe the clinical outcomes and complications related to provisional prostheses after fullarch implant-supported rehabilitation by means of an immediate loading protocol. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients who were consecutively treated with full-arch implantsupported restorations with a minimum of four implants (Replace Select Tapered TiUnite, Nobel Biocare AB) per arch and conical abutments (multi-unit, Nobel Biocare AB) by means of an immediate loading protocol. The surgical procedures were performed between May 2006 and June 2014 by a single oral surgeon. Demographic, surgical, and prosthetic variables were collected, and biologic and mechanical complications were registered. Results: A total of 61 maxillae (57%) and 46 mandibles (43%) were treated in 88 patients (40 men and 48 women) with a mean age of 62.4 years. A total of 558 implants were placed, 295 in postextraction sockets. A total of 331 implants (59.3%) were placed in the maxilla and 227 (40.7%) in the mandible. Within a 9-month period, 18 prostheses (16.8%) fractured (15 maxillary and 3 mandibular); in nine of these patients the opposing dentition was a full-arch, implant-supported restoration, and in the remaining nine patients, it was natural dentition. Six (1.1%) maxillary and three (0.5%) mandibular implants failed. Conclusions: A high implant survival rate is expected in the short term following this immediate loading protocol. Fracture of the provisional prosthesis is a common finding, affecting 17% of patients, and is significantly more prevalent in patients with bruxism and in maxillary prostheses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]