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This study aims to examine taxation policies related to the determination of crude oil and natural gas as taxable goods (BKP) in the context of the oil and gas industry, specifically whether the policy is in accordance with the principles of neutrality and legal certainty. This research uses a normative juridical method by analyzing applicable laws and regulations, such as Law Number 7 of 2021 and Government Regulation Number 49 of 2022, as well as a review of related literature. Through a qualitative approach, this research analyzes the treatment of Value Added Tax (VAT) in oil and gas cooperation contracts, both for gross split and cost recovery schemes, as well as its impact on cooperation contractors (KKKS). The results show that the stipulation of crude oil and natural gas as taxable goods in the new tax regime can lead to legal uncertainty, especially in the gross split scheme which is not clearly regulated regarding the imposition of VAT on oil and gas exports. In terms of the principle of neutrality, this policy creates an additional burden for gross split PSCs that do not get VAT refund facilities, unlike the cost recovery scheme. This tax policy still needs to be adjusted to be more consistent with the principles of neutrality and legal certainty, especially regarding oil and gas exports in the gross split scheme. Regulatory revisions are needed so as not to cause legal uncertainty and create a fairer and more neutral tax treatment for all KKKS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the dual constraints of China's carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, as well as ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin, clarifying the embodied carbon emissions and responsibility sharing of inter-provincial trade is crucial to the carbon reduction strategy of the Yellow River Basin. This paper uses the MRIO (multi-regional input–output) model to measure the production-side and consumption-side responsibility sharing of nine provinces in the Yellow River Basin in 2012 and 2017, revealing the amount and direction of the embodied carbon transfer between provinces, and finally introduces the share of provincial value added as the responsibility sharing factor to compare and analyze the differences between the three responsibility sharing methods. The results show the following: (1) The embodied carbon emissions on the production side in most provinces of the Yellow River Basin were larger than that on the consumption side, with the most significant differences in Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, and Shandong, among which local demand carbon emissions and intermediate product transfer out of carbon emissions were the main causes of production-side carbon emissions. (2) In general, all provinces except Shaanxi were net carbon transfer-in regions, and the embodied carbon was mainly transferred to Beijing, Jiangsu, Guangdong, Zhejiang, and Hebei. (3) Shared responsibility for carbon emissions was jointly determined by the volume of embodied carbon trade and the ability to obtain value added, which lay between production and consumption side responsibility shares. (4) The Yellow River Basin had a large responsibility-sharing factor and embodied carbon trade, and thus needs to take more responsibility for emission reduction. This study is expected to provide scientific support for the strategy of differentiated emission reduction in the Yellow River Basin and enrich the regional carbon accounting methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Repurchase Intention is part of consumer behaviour that aspires for repeat purchases on the products or services of an organization. Consumers begin with a consideration on the necessities to purchase. Continuing this, consumers then decided on how many products will be purchases. The aim of this paper is to investigate and examine the role of functional and emotional value creation in the relationship between customer ethical perceptions and social support sharing economy platform with repurchase intention. This paper selects 402 consumers using sharing economy platforms in Indonesia and tests the regression relationships of the five constructs using Structural Equation Model with the AMOS 24.00 tool. This finding indicates that social support and consumer ethical perception showed an important antecedent towards Functional Value Co-Creation and Emotional Value Co-Creation and that the two has a positive impact of Repurchase Intention. This suggests that Functional Value Co-Creation and Emotional Value Co-Creation possess an important role as a mediator between social support and consumer ethics perception with Repurchase Intention. With a literature review related to consumer behaviour, consumer ethics, value co-creation, and sharing economy platforms, this paper proposes a unique analysis on the relationship roadmap for customer participation and consumer ethics with Repurchase Intention

Commodity exports have played a crucial role in driving global economic growth, but they have also led to increased flow and consumption of natural resources worldwide. To measure and analyse the inter‐regional virtual water consumption and value‐added benefits driven by exports, as well as the unequal exchange between regions, we utilised the global supply chain database of Eora to construct a multi‐regional input–output (MRIO) model of virtual water consumption and value‐added benefits among 189 countries and regions from 1991 to 2016. We also proposed a virtual water consumption uneven index. The results highlight that relatively less developed regions accounted for 27% of the world's total export value added and 56% of virtual water exports. In contrast, relatively developed regions contributed 73% of the global export value added but only 44% of virtual water exports. The export of high‐value‐added products, such as financial services, was concentrated in the relatively developed regions, while water‐intensive products, like agriculture, forestry, and animal husbandry, were mainly exported by relatively less developed regions. Economically developed regions enjoyed a beneficiary position in terms of virtual water consumption, with each unit of export‐driven added value requiring only 4–100 kg of virtual water. Conversely, economically less developed regions consumed 140–1800 kg of virtual water per unit of export‐driven added value. The disparities in virtual water exchanges across different regions primarily stem from the differences between developed and less developed regions. Therefore, less developed regions and countries should focus on improving water efficiency in water‐consuming industries, adjusting the structure of export industries, and striving to reduce or reverse the disadvantageous position of resource consumption, such as virtual water, in global trade exports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International trade drives the transboundary transfer of carbon emissions. However, due to the differences in the economic development level and industrial structure of countries, the whole understanding of the inequality exchange between carbon emissions and the value added remains to be illuminated. Here, to uncover the global pattern of this inequality exchange, we construct a multi‐regional input–output model (MRIO) and inequality exchange index (IEI) from 1991 to 2016, to carry out macro path research with the goal of achieving global carbon neutrality. The results show that: (1) The carbon emissions per unit of value added through trade have declined in most countries, and the decline rate of developing countries was faster than that of developed ones. (2) In general, the developed countries were in an advantageous position in the value added and carbon emission exchange, while the developing countries were in a disadvantageous position. (3) Six sectors – agriculture, forestry, and animal husbandry; electrical and machinery; electricity, gas, and water; petroleum, chemical, and N‐metallic mineral products; transport; and financial intermediation and business activities – accounted for more than half of the carbon emissions of global trade, but with the advancement of energy conservation and emission‐reduction measures, carbon emissions have decreased to varying degrees. (4) From a global perspective, promoting cooperation on carbon reduction technologies from developed countries to developing ones might be a key and effective way to achieve global carbon reduction. The study aims to provide new insights into the formulation of global carbon neutrality and carbon emission responsibility‐sharing policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quality of universities is best viewed through the eyes of stakeholders. Yet, in the United Kingdom and elsewhere, rankings conducted by various agencies purport to provide one overall measure of university quality. This article re-examines some of the data used by university rankers. In so doing, it shows that their information can be repackaged in a way that makes it more relevant to student stakeholders when choosing where to study. Moreover, cluster analysis reveals that there is no qualitative hierarchy of British institutions. Instead, universities fall into two main groups. One is characterised by high value-added in learning. The other is defined by research. In both groups the level of student satisfaction is comparable. These divisions between groups of universities parallel social distinctions in British society. Should prospective students be provided with such information, they would better be able to judge the quality of universities in which they might enroll. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Soilless cultivation currently competes with open-field production. Although the substrate used is generally perlite, there is interest in looking for new materials that can help growers produce healthy plants with sustainable practices. Among these new materials, biochar could be an alternative, as it has numerous benefits for substrate health, water retention, carbon sequestration, and nutrient supply. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of almond shell biochar (ASB) addition to perlite on the physicochemical properties of this substrate and its influence on the agronomic characteristics of arugula (Eruca sativa) cultivation. Two variables were included: (a) percentage of ASB added (0, 5, 10, and 15% w/w ASB/perlite) and (b) compost tea for irrigation (0 and 5 g/L of water). In addition, correlations were proposed to describe the dependence of the agronomic variables on the percentage of ASB added and the type of irrigation solution used. The results demonstrated that adding 10% of ASB and irrigating with water improved the characteristics of arugula plants compared with controls, while compost tea did not influence the agronomic parameters evaluated. The models proposed showed that the agronomic variables depend on the percentage of biochar added and compost tea (R2 ≥ 0.90). The interaction between both variables was negative. ASB addition improved soilless arugula cultivation, compared to the use of perlite alone. Moreover, the use of almond shell as a raw material in the pyrolysis process to obtain biochar reduces the environmental impact, tending to the circular economy concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Hass avocado (Persea americana Mill) has become one of the most important agricultural products in Colombia, significantly increasing its production in recent years. Its properties and characteristics, mainly by its oil content compared to other varieties, as well as the composition of its peel and seed, generate high demands for the plant material in fresh and derived products in international markets. The purpose of this article is to present a technological and commercial perspective for the Hass avocado agro-industrial chain in Colombia, through technological surveillance of the pulp, seed and peel, market research and a global overview of consumption trends, which will generate possible applications and opportunities for the Hass avocado chain. In the national context, Colombia in 2022, ranked seventh in the amount of exported tons of fresh avocado, experiencing growth in the period 2018-2022. In 2023, Colombia shipped more than 120 thousand tons of Hass avocado to more than 30 countries. In general terms, the Colombian agribusiness culminated 2023 with a record in exports, reaching a 26.3% increase in containers shipped to different international markets. Colombia's growing participation in avocado exports highlights the quality of its products, the improved organization of the production chain, and its capacity to adapt to global market trends, positioning the country strategically to take advantage of opportunities in the avocado industry. Regarding technological surveillance, emphasis was placed on patents related to cosmetic or hygiene preparations that include oils, fats or waxes of vegetable origin. This analysis highlights the various possibilities of incorporating Hass avocado in different product formulations, evidencing its promising incursion into different global markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper summarises the essence of circular economy, as a desired future position of economies for building sustainability. Next it introduces indicators, which can measure the position of economies along the way to becoming circular. Based on the indicators the paper compares the situation of a few European Union (EU) countries in terms of their present development position for these indicators. In conclusion, the paper calls attention to the great differences among the examined countries, and suggests strategic actions to narrow down development gaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the Indonesian government's policies since 2015 has been to increase development through its developed infrastructure, by increasing its budget for this sector from year to year. However, companies listed in the engineering and construction subsector on the Indonesian Stock Exchange, both state-owned enterprises and private companies, experienced losses so it could be said that their financial performance was poor. This study intends to evaluate the financial performance engineering and construction sub-sector companies using the Economic Value Added (EVA), Market Value Added (MVA), Refined Economic Value Added (REVA), Financial Value Added (FVA), and Shareholder Value Added (SVA) in 2018 - 2023 and determine their influence on stock prices. This type of research is quantitative descriptive research using E-Views 12 with a population 26 companies and a sample size 16 companies. Based on the results the calculations and analysis, it stated that EVA, MVA, REVA, FVA, SVA and stock prices engineering and construction companies, both state-owned and private, during the 2018 - 2023 period obtained an average of negative amounts. The research results show that the financial performance variables using value added have an influence on stock prices with influence of 74.57% while the rest is influenced by other variables not examined in this research. Partially only MVA and SVA have an influence on stock prices because based on the probability test using E-Views 12 it appears that only MVA and SVA produce results below the alpha. The suggestion for this research is that company management should pay attention to the company's financial performance, especially the MVA and SVA variables and further researcher can make comparative research between all value-added variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of irrigation systems is strategically used to improve food security and achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 2) of ending hunger and poverty. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of irrigation agriculture on the economy of the Limpopo Province, South Africa. This study used the 2017 national social accounting matrix (SAM) as a database with detailed information on irrigation and rainfed agricultural activities and land accounts to compute the effect of exogenous shock on output, income, land, and value added using SAM multiplier analysis. The findings showed that output multiplier effects were more significant for rainfed agriculture compared to irrigation agriculture. However, irrigation agriculture had the highest institutional income, land return, and value-added multiplier compared to rainfed agriculture. The type of crop did not influence the findings, with irrigation consuming more input per unit of output. We conclude that investing in irrigation agriculture and increasing the efficiency and sustainability of existing irrigation agriculture in Limpopo is significant and profitable because dry land production is hazardous when there is insufficient rainfall or recurrent drought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global demand for fossil fuels is projected to decline by up to 75 percent by 2050, requiring new economic strategies for fossil exporters to promote diversification. This study employs an inter-country input-output model to assess sector interdependence in Saudi Arabia and explore the macroeconomic impacts of investing in Power-to-X (PtX) plants. We analyze four configurations: pure solar and hybrid solar-wind systems, producing either green hydrogen or ammonia. Our comparative analysis shows that hybrid plants appear to have stronger domestic effects than pure solar configurations, while producing green ammonia instead of hydrogen generates stronger relative employment. These trends remain consistent across different sensitivities and domestic supply shares. However, the differences between configurations and sensitivities decrease with increasing domestic supply. Currently Saudi Arabia has limited developed manufacturing sectors and the economy is heavily dependent on exports of crude oil and related products-a situation often referred to as the “resource curse”. For all PtX configurations, the construction sector therefore emerges as the largest contributor to domestic employment and value added. At current import shares, foreign effects, particularly in China and the United States, account for about half of the total impact, especially in sectors such as electronics and machinery. Without embedding the hydrogen supply chain into their industrial landscape by starting to produce parts of clean technologies locally, exporters risk substantial value creation occurring predominantly abroad. Overall, our research highlights the need for targeted policy measures to capitalize on the „renewables pull effect“ when installing PtX plants for green energy exports.

The article examines the main economic conditions for the use and development of the economy of impressions in the countries of the world on the basis of the dynamics of official values of statistical indicators for 2018–2022: GDP per capita, according to which clustering of countries is carried out and clusters with low (in which Ukraine has fallen), medium and high values of this indicator are identified; the ratio of trade volumes (the amount of exports and imports) to GDP; the volume of foreign direct investment, and the unemployment rate. Based on the results of the analysis, it is concluded that in developed countries the economy of impressions has more favorable conditions for its development, while in Ukraine it is a necessary model for the post-war reproduction of socioeconomic relations, though the conditions for its development are complicated. Taking into account the above trends, the aim of the article is to identify the main economic conditions for the development of the economy of impressions in the countries of the world and in Ukraine and to formulate proposals for its spread in order to increase the activity of enterprises in the formation of added value and profit to improve the quality of life of the population in the post-war period. The economy of impressions develops when there is a sufficient level of competition between producers to make decisions about the purchase of products in their favor. Therefore, the article analyzes the index of global competitiveness of countries for 2022 and 2023, identifying the low place of Ukraine in this indicator, which can be increased on the basis of the development of institutional measures to improve the competitiveness of producers. The features of the formation of positive impressions are considered and conclusions are made about the need to increase their value in the price of products. The main conclusions of the article are as follows. The current stage of development of the world economic system is characterized by the emergence of new models of economic relations, which is associated with the globalization of economic flows, easier entry into foreign markets. One of the perspective models of world economic relations is the economy of impressions. The developed countries of the world have a more powerful potential for the development of the economy of impressions, while they need its development more due to the intensification of competition between national producers. In Ukraine, the socioeconomic situation before the war was quite favorable for the development of the economy of impressions, but still it was inferior to the developed countries of the world. As a result of the ongoing war, the situation has deteriorated significantly, therefore, in the period of post-war recovery, one of the national priorities should be the development of the economy of impressions as the most attractive model for intensifying economic and social relations, innovative development, and improving the quality of life of the population.

Accurately measuring real economic output in the space economy is made difficult by the rapid increase in capabilities and decrease in prices of launch and satellite technologies achieved over the past two decades. Nominal measures of output in space will tend to underestimate real growth if customers are paying lower prices for better services over time. In this paper, we use price indexes that apply techniques to the space economy that have been used for decades to adjust nominal measures of output in sectors such as information technology, including matched-model and explicit hedonic quality adjustment. We find that adjusting for price and quality changes in the space economy has substantial effects on estimated growth in economic output, especially across its sectors. Price increases over time in the space information sector, which is dominated by direct-to-home (DTH) satellite television, mean that real growth has been slower than nominal growth since at least 2012, the typical pattern in industries not undergoing rapid technological change. In sharp contrast, rapid price decreases and quality increases in other areas—especially launch and manufacturing of satellite, earth observation, and positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) equipment—have meant that nominal growth rates substantially understate real growth rates in those industries. Given the central importance of space to our modern economy, having accurate information on growth in the space economy is vital for efficiently allocating the substantial private and public investment being devoted to its development. • Adjusting space output for price and quality changes impacts economic growth rates. • Growth in the US space sector masks underlying heterogeneity across its subsectors. • US space manufacturing products exhibit rapid price decreases and quality increases. • US space information product prices are rising even as overall output is falling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: There has been a growing focus on the utilization of copra meal, the byproduct of coconut oil production, as an alternative feed ingredient to supplement the growing demands of the ruminant livestock, poultry, and aquaculture industries. It provides a locally available and inexpensive source of protein, which is essential in tropical and subtropical regions, where coconut production is robust while conventional feed ingredients are scarce and prices are often unstable. This paper presents up-to-date information on the advancements in using copra meal as an animal feed ingredient and the various methods employed to enhance its nutritional and feeding value. It also offers a comprehensive overview of the physical and chemical properties of copra meal, emphasizing the need for further research to fully exploit its potential due to the limited understanding of its physical properties and the variability in quality resulting from different processing operations. This review paper also focuses on other potential applications for copra meal, which is crucial given the substantial global production volume with limited value addition. This could play a significant role in boosting the profitability of the coconut sector, reducing agricultural waste, and promoting sustainable agricultural practices. Copra meal, the byproduct of coconut oil production, has been widely available at low cost but has been underutilized, with huge portions still becoming waste. Extensive research on different species have been performed to improve its use as an alternative feed ingredient, aiming to reduce the impact of fluctuating feed prices in some parts of the world where coconut is a major commodity. As for any biological product, the physical and chemical properties of copra meal play a crucial role in its use and limitations. In the case of copra meal, studies have found that additional treatments are needed to improve its nutritional composition and make it readily and efficiently available for ruminant and monogastric animals, poultry, and aquaculture applications. This paper presents a summary of up-to-date information on the physical and chemical characteristics of the product, as well as discussions on the various methods employed to improve and optimize its biological value as animal feed. There have been limited studies that have explored other effective and economical means of utilizing copra meal outside the livestock and feed industry. Hence, this paper also aims to provide a lens on future prospects and diverse applications involving copra meal, as well as to present the gaps and challenges that have to be addressed to maximize its product value and biological potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unlike other fields of scholarship, development studies lack sufficient acknowledgment and appreciation of the role and value of pracademics, understood as individuals who are simultaneously practitioners and academics consciously positioning themselves and acting as social change agents. This article analyses pracademia as a contested institutional terrain, provides examples of the value added by pracademics, sets out plans for achieving recognition by building stronger career paths, and identifies avenues for further research. Its objective is to initiate a conversation about pracademics in the disciplines of global development, what they can achieve, and how to make their work more impactful. Recognising the value of pracademia, treating it as an institutional asset and increasing its relevance within academia are key first steps to furthering its overall impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new world, where artificial intelligence is applied in every industry and aspect of life, is already becoming second nature to us. Strengthen the penetration of all the company’s business operations to withstand competitive pressures. Its impact is also apparent. The increasing importance of the added value of your application is being widely discussed, yet there is little discussion on how to measure it. This essay seeks to address this disparity. It raises the question of how to determine the indirect added value of artificial intelligence in the businesses that utilize it. In order to achieve this, we propose a model based on three main factor groups: cognitive elements, which influence how AI is perceived; behavioral elements, which affect behavior when using AI; and environmental variables, which impact laws governing the adoption or regulation of AI. The indirect value added by the application of AI is calculated by the organization’s management using numerical expressions for each set of elements [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frame of the research: The link between financial performance and company size has long been a phenomenon that has been investigated with specific reference to the enterprise; starting from this consolidated literature and given the importance that social cooperatives have assumed in the current economic scenario, a summary indicator that can adequately express this link is considered more useful than ever. No previous study faced the topic of this study related to social cooperatives, as hybrid businesses that combine characters typical of firms with specific peculiarities. Purpose of the paper: The purpose of the paper is to demonstrate, through an empirical study, the informative power of Value Added in reflecting the relationship between economic performance and size regarding social cooperatives. Methodology: The analysis considers a sample of 9,268 Italian social cooperatives to highlight the expressiveness of Value Added in reflecting the link between its performance and size. The study applies a combination of two different methods to reach its aim: correlation analysis and analysis of the association between characteristics. Findings: The study shows that Value Added has a greater capacity than Operating earnings to reflect the business trend in size and employment creation. Research limits: The research is limited to two years for reasonable and justified reasons; however, this period is objectively short and requires expansion in future studies of the phenomenon investigated. The study ties size growth to economic performance alone, excluding other factors (quality of governance, organizational set-up, working conditions, reward systems, etc.) that require consideration in future insights. Practical implications: The research demonstrates the opportunity to: reconfigure the income statement format by making Value Added explicit, including information on the creation and distribution of Value Added in the social balance sheet; use temporal changes in Value Added in the construc-tion of indicators aimed at signalling the capacity of the company to create jobs. Originality of the paper: This research extends and deepens the analysis on the correlation between size and performance focusing on social cooperatives, a particular type of social enterprise that previous studies on Value Added have neglected. It increases knowledge of the informative properties of Value Added and provides insights for creating valuable tools for applying incentive policies to so-cial cooperatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regarding the dynamics of the contemporary world economy, success in a domestic economy cannot be achieved without effective integration policies for goods/services and capital flows. To evaluate this proposition, we utilize many openness measures for two periods, 1995-2009 and 2000-2014, for the Turkish sectors. The empirical findings suggest that domestic value added in export is a major driver of sectoral value added. While import and backward linkages appear to be stimulators for total factor productivity (TFP) in manufacturing industries, they have no significant impact on sectoral value added. Trade barriers in the form of tariff rates, which primarily stemmed from manufacturing industries, have a considerable detrimental impact on Turkish sectoral performance. Higher tariffs not only make it more difficult for Turkish businesses to enter overseas markets but also raise the costs for importers. The initial impact of this protection is inexorably exacerbated by global value chains (GVCs), with negative consequences felt in nearly every economy. Given the increased backward GVC involvement of some manufacturing industries, such as machinery and equipment, Turkish sectors should be prepared for external shocks by diversifying importer origins, stocking up, and boosting transparency in their operations. Overall, designing and implementing trade policies to effectively integrate into the GVCs is an important task for Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to examine the impacts of crises on the tax base of fiscal revenues from the perspective of taxpayers during Bulgaria's economic recovery post-pandemic. The applied research method involves a survey among individuals and legal entities, followed by data analysis using IBM SPSS. The findings confirm the specific intensity and direction of various macroeconomic factors ranging from crises to opportunities for economic recovery. Notably, the pandemic has significantly eroded the tax base in Bulgaria, primarily through reduced sales, compounded by political instability domestically and the war in Ukraine. Conversely, respondents positively evaluate business support measures during the pandemic and anticipate potential benefits for taxpayers upon the country's accession to the eurozone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the transformative role of e-commerce in the emerging Moldovan fashion market, focusing on the digital expansion of local designers. It examines the industry's shift from traditional manufacturing to innovative online sales channels, highlighting the challenges and opportunities this transition presents, including the need for new skills, legal framework adaptability, and investment. The study also discusses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which accelerated the adoption of e-commerce among Moldovan fashion firms. With the support of programs like the Fashion Omnichannel Mentorship Program, these firms are enhancing their digital presence and competitiveness. The paper emphasizes the importance of mentorship and tailored support in enabling Moldovan brands to thrive in the digital marketplace, contributing to their growth and success in the global fashion industry.

The agricultural sector in Ukraine plays a key role in the national economy, providing high-quality and sustainable food supply for the population. However, even with favourable natural and climatic conditions and extensive land area, the industry faces numerous challenges, such as war, economic instability, and loss of control over land resources. The purpose of the study is to analyse the current state of growing plant-based food products in Ukraine to identify key challenges and opportunities. To achieve this goal, the gross harvest, yield, and acreage of the main agricultural crops, the share of agricultural value added in the gross domestic product in Ukraine, and the value of agricultural exports to the European Union for the period 2015-2022 were analysed. The results show that sales volumes in agriculture increased by 75.9%, indicating a positive development of the industry. However, this positive development is accompanied by an increase in product prices, which can lead to inflationary pressures. The instability of the agricultural sector is confirmed by a sharp increase in the share of value added in 2021 and a decline in 2022. However, an important positive aspect is a significant increase in the yield and value of exports, which indicates the successful influence of the Ukrainian agricultural sector on international markets. The study shows that despite the existing challenges, the agricultural sector has demonstrated flexibility and adaptability, especially in the context of changes in acreage and crop production volumes. Measures aimed at introducing modern technologies, stimulating innovation, improving the level of education and developing export opportunities can become a catalyst for the sustainable development of the agricultural sector. The results obtained are necessary for the development of specific measures and strategies aimed at improving the situation in the agricultural sector of Ukraine and ensuring its sustainable development

Examining the relationship between sustainability and economic development was covered by research over the past decades. The initial goal of the present research is to evaluate the contribution of renewable energy sector value added to the national economic development in Denmark. The research tasks of this study include assessment of carbon dioxide allowances and environmental taxation as well as the effect of other factors in terms of their contribution to the economic growth. The application of the regression analysis in order to examine the relationship between renewable energy industry and national economic development in Denmark shows that the increasing of renewable energy value added leads to the sizeable expansion of the gross domestic product. From the environmental-economic standpoint this is presumably the first research to make unambiguous conclusion, that proves significance of renewable energy value added for economic development in Denmark. Likewise, the results of the present study prove that expanding usage of carbon dioxide (CO₂) allowances in Denmark leads to quite considerable increase of the gross domestic product. Besides that, this study provided evidence regarding positive and statistically significant impact of the other factors on the economic growth.

This research aims to reformulate the value-added model of persimmon fruit as an instrument to increase farmers' income by developing a product downstream strategy. This research was conducted in Malang and Tulungagung in East Java through observation and interviews. Then, we used SWOT analysis technique (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) to identify various factors in reformulating and developing strategies systematically. The results show that farmers must consider product diversification, improved quality and packaging, certification and label, increased nutritional value, marketing and promotion, network and partnership development, training and capacity building, access to capital and financing, research and innovation, and farmer empowerment. Then, in downstream development, it is necessary to carry out strategies in the form of increased production quality, sustainable agricultural practices, processed product development, preparation of partnerships with private parties, effective marketing and promotion, intelligent packaging, product diversification, logistics and distribution optimization, business and financial management, and organic and sustainable certification. This research also identified that persimmon fruit production has great potential, with a large amount land and a high amount of production. In addition, various downstream persimmon products in the form of processed food and beverages can provide significant added value and have the potential to increase farmers' incomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The content of this paper presents the research results of a three-year research project in which a multi-criteria evaluation model (according to the DEX methodology) was developed for the evaluation of three different food sectors (represented by a cattle breeding chain, a pig farming chain, and a milk production chain) with added value in Slovenia. Indicators for the assessment of the economically, socially, and environmentally sustainable development of food chains were taken into account. The data for the analysis, such as prices and costs of food, wage levels by sector, food miles and others, were obtained from various public services between 2020 and 2023. The final qualitative assessment of the food sectors was uniform ("average"), while the longest analysis of the results using the plus-minus-1 analysis method showed the reasons for such an assessment in individual sectors (such as the ratio between the price of agricultural products and the price of agricultural inputs is poor, the ratio between average gross salary in the individual food sector and gross salary in the agricultural sector is poor, etc.). In addition to the results already mentioned, recommendations or suggestions for building a sustainable food chain were made using the results of the modelling. The research results contributed to a better understanding of the importance of stable relationships between different groups of indicators and later showed their importance for improving the functioning of agri-food chains. The results of the research will help various stakeholders (such as the agricultural advisory service, decision-makers at the level of agricultural policy, researchers in further analyses, and especially the international professional public interested in various case studies from EU countries) to further analyse and plan for the organisation of the agricultural sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Toba Regency is one of the Lake Toba regions hosting the prestigious F1 PowerBoat (F1H2O) competition held in Balige City, Napitupulu Harbor area. Restaurants and eateries have an important role in providing food and drinks to visitors so that they contribute to regional economic growth. This research analyzes the value chain of restaurants and restaurants in Toba Regency after the F1 PowerBoat event through the DMAIC perspective, thus enabling a deeper understanding of the value chain, the added value generated, and the factors that affect business performance. This type of research is qualitative descriptive explorative, data collection methods with observation, interviews, and documentation of 5 restaurants and eatery business actors as key informants and the Kemenkomarves team as supporting informants who coordinate directly with the event organizer, InJourney. Results can be proven from data analysis using Nvivo and processed research data. The results of data coding found the words value chain and added value as words that were widely conveyed by business actors. Visualization of increased visitor data through percentage and total visitor data, PSP Holiday Restaurant 3360 (200%), Labersa Restaurant 3570 (150%), Tepi Danau Restaurant 5600 (200%), Damar Toba Restaurant 3360 (150%) and Balige Beach Restaurant 1736 (150%). The increase in value added in the value chain is an improvised evaluation of restaurants and eatery business actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A substantial literature indicates that competition on price comparison websites is fierce, leading to lower prices for products sold. As such, we want to answer the key research question: Why do firms compete on price comparison websites? Based on theory, we suggest that participation in these marketplaces leads to increased productivity, i.e., output increases when holding constant the level of inputs used. This, in turn, leads to increased profits, motivating firms to enter price comparison websites despite fierce competition. To find out if theory holds, we empirically investigate how firm entry into a price comparison website affects firm productivity, profits, and wages. Empirically investigating the impact of PriceSpy market participation on productivity, profits, and wages is not easy since firms are free to select whether and when to enter or exit the PriceSpy marketplace, and we use a two-step procedure to address this problem. In the first step, we control for differences in observables between entering firms and potential control-group firms. Then, in a second step, we use a within-firm difference-in-difference estimator on the matched data to investigate how entry into the PriceSpy marketplace affects output while holding inputs constant. Our results indicate that for the full sample of firms, PriceSpy participation increases output by almost 12% when holding the level of inputs constant. Also, an investigation of who gains from the increased productivity shows that, for entering firms, operating profits increase by 9% and gross wages by 14% when studying the full sample of firms. That labor gains more from PriceSpy participation is even clearer when studying the impact on wholesale and retail firms separately. For those firms, wages increased by 16–17% after entry, while no statistically significant impact was found regarding operating profits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The agricultural sector in Ukraine plays a key role in the national economy, providing high-quality and sustainable food supply for the population. However, even with favourable natural and climatic conditions and extensive land area, the industry faces numerous challenges, such as war, economic instability, and loss of control over land resources. The purpose of the study is to analyse the current state of growing plant-based food products in Ukraine to identify key challenges and opportunities. To achieve this goal, the gross harvest, yield, and acreage of the main agricultural crops, the share of agricultural value added in the gross domestic product in Ukraine, and the value of agricultural exports to the European Union for the period 2015-2022 were analysed. The results show that sales volumes in agriculture increased by 75.9%, indicating a positive development of the industry. However, this positive development is accompanied by an increase in product prices, which can lead to inflationary pressures. The instability of the agricultural sector is confirmed by a sharp increase in the share of value added in 2021 and a decline in 2022. However, an important positive aspect is a significant increase in the yield and value of exports, which indicates the successful influence of the Ukrainian agricultural sector on international markets. The study shows that despite the existing challenges, the agricultural sector has demonstrated flexibility and adaptability, especially in the context of changes in acreage and crop production volumes. Measures aimed at introducing modern technologies, stimulating innovation, improving the level of education and developing export opportunities can become a catalyst for the sustainable development of the agricultural sector. The results obtained are necessary for the development of specific measures and strategies aimed at improving the situation in the agricultural sector of Ukraine and ensuring its sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this article is to contribute to the improvement of a more comprehensive approach to international competitiveness, from the attempt to construct a revealed comparative advantages index that considers not only the participation of economies in the world market from the perspective of exports, but also the importance of value-added of exports and, in a broader sense, decentralization of world production, for the construction and maintenance of oligopolistic positions of industries and countries. For this, we used data from the TiVA database, in the period between 1995 and 2018, focusing on two groups of developing countries: BRICS and ASEAN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At this stage of the economic recovery in which exporting companies in Latin America and the Caribbean are resuming their activities after the contraction of COVID-19 worldwide, it is necessary to identify the practices that were effective and the current barriers to achieve international expansion in the company. In addition, the marketing strategy is the pillar to provide value to customers. The objectives of the article are to identify the key elements in marketing strategies and to know the main successful practices that were implemented and the challenges in marketing strategies in exporting companies in Peru. Method/s a systematic review was carried out according to the PRISMA strategy of the theses published in the RENATI repository about marketing strategies in exporting companies in Peru, analyzing with an observation sheet according to the objective, methodology, results, conclusions, recommendations which was interpreted according to the qualitative approach revealing the categories with the Spss program version 23 Result/s In the main results of the published theses the potentialities of exporting mypes is their takeoff in use of digital marketing strategies, employment of marketing mix strategies and the environment through state policies such as financing funds to innovate and market contribute directly and the challenges is to generate added value. And the theses are from the area of Administration and International Business with centralism of private universities in the variables of export (31%), marketing strategies (27%) and international performance with 15%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aimed to demonstrate the relative importance of the agricultural sector in the Indian economy and determine the extent of the Indian government's interest in the agricultural sector. The research reached a set of results, including that India ranks second in the world in the field of agricultural production, and agriculture contributes about 16% of the gross domestic product and employs about 42.4% of the total workforce in 2020. The average value added to the agricultural sector reached about 306.2 billion. Dollars represent about 25.5% of the total value added during the study period. The growth rate of the agricultural sector reached about 3.0% in 2021 compared to about 3.3% in 2020. In recent years, India has emerged significantly as one of the most important sources of agricultural products in the world. In 2020/21, India's exports of agricultural and allied products grew by 18%, worth about $50.2 billion. This buoyant performance can be attributed to the measures and initiatives taken by the government to strengthen farmer and producer organizations, encourage crop diversification, improve productivity in agriculture through support for mechanization and establishment of the Agricultural Infrastructure Fund, Minimum Support Price Initiative to ensure returns above the cost of production and enhance access to credit. Agriculture, Crop Insurance Program (PMFBY), Integrated Horticulture Development Initiative (MIDH), National Agricultural Market Plan (e-NAM), and development of agricultural cooperation and the food industry sector. Thus, enabling the country to provide necessary and essential support to other countries to confront the losses they faced during the Covid-19 pandemic. Moreover, income support to farmers through the PM-KISAN program and strengthening associated activities has diversified farmers' sources of income and improved their ability to cope with climate shocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Investigación Económica is the property of Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Facultad de Economia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Current Social & Economic Processes / Jelenkori Társadalmi és Gazdasági Folyamatok is the property of University of Szeged, Faculty of Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista U.D.C.A Actualidad & Divulgación Científica is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales U.D.C.A and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study embarks on an empirical examination of the relationship between digitalization intensity and economic performance among Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) within the European Union (EU) in 2022. Utilizing data from European Commission, the research specifically compares the "SMEs with at least a basic level of digital intensity" and the "Proportion of total SME value added for all industries". The aim is to unravel the potential correlation between digital integration in SMEs and their contribution to the economy, measured in terms of value added. The methodology encompasses a quantitative approach, involving the collection of relevant data across EU member states. The study first applies descriptive statistics to summarize the data and then conducts a correlation analysis. In preparing the data for analysis, we adjusted the value-added figures by the number of SMEs to derive a value-added per SME metric, facilitating a more accurate and comparable evaluation across countries with varying numbers of SMEs.Our preliminary analysis reveals significant variations in digital intensity among SMEs across different EU countries. The core of the analysis investigates whether higher levels of digital adoption correlate with an increased economic output per SME. This study is particularly relevant in the context of the EU's digital single market strategy and the increasing emphasis on digital transformation in the business sector. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to the understanding of the digital economy's impact on SMEs, providing valuable insights for policymakers and business leaders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Value chain development is critical for ensuring the benefits of rapidly evolving plantation forests, such as Eucalyptus. This study examines the value chain of Eucalyptus poles, focusing on the investigation of actors and their roles, the benefit margin and value added to each actor, as well as the potential opportunities and challenges. A total of 194 (157 tree growers and 37 other actors) were selected using a multistage purposive random sampling technique. The study used value chain analysis and gross margin to explore Eucalyptus pole marketing lines, their functions, and estimate cost and value-added distributions. The results revealed direct actors, including tree growers, workers, traders, transporters, and exporting agents, and indirect actors (government, brokers, service providers, etc.). Around 18 Eucalyptus pole marketing lines were identified, with 80 % of the poles transacted in the major three lines. The Eucalyptus pole business is profitable for all involved. But not all have received an equal share of the benefits along the chain. Tree growers generated the highest value in the shortest lines, and traders reaped the highest benefit from the longer chain. Traders captured the highest percentage of the domestic price, while tree producers captured the least. A lack of access to market information, storage space, government and NGO support, inter-actor cooperation, the external effects of Eucalyptus, and the absence of land segregation have hampered the sector's development. Policy interventions should prioritize cluster planting, storage space provision, and cooperative creations to enhance community livelihoods and the sustainable management of Eucalyptus plantations. This study focuses on the Eucalyptus pole value chain due to its market significance, strategic relevance, market dynamics, actor profiles, and marketing systems associated with Eucalyptus poles. However, it still advocates for further research on Eucalyptus charcoal to understand its value chain dynamics and the broader Eucalyptus industry ecosystem.

This paper reviews the main approaches found in the literature to measure the size of the European bioeconomy. The various estimations published might be confusing at first sight, reporting a value added of the European bioeconomy within the large range of EUR 881 billion to EUR 2.3 trillion. However, each approach is best suited to measuring a different aspect of the bioeconomy. Using the different approaches, we estimate that markets of bio-based products and energy generate EUR 730-790 billion of value added, the use of biomass within the European economy generates EUR 670 billion of value added, and the sourcing of core bioeconomy industries with goods and services generates EUR 270 billion of value added. There is no evidence of an increased use of biomass inputs in EU industries in substitution of fossil resources, nor of a decreasing dependence of traditional bioeconomy industries towards fossil resources over the period 2005-2015.

With 1.5 million ha of bamboo forest, Vietnam ranks 4th among the world's largest bamboo producers. The bamboo sector has significant development potential in the context of national and international impacts to build a bio-economy and increase the use of biogenic renewable resources. The bamboo industry in Vietnam is considered to have great development potential, with a potential production value of USD 1 billion. However, a number of factors currently significantly limit this potential. For example, the bamboo resource is overexploited and mismanaged; the level of horizontal and vertical cooperation among actors in the Luong bamboo value chain is weak; the utilisation rate of material bamboo is low; high-value bamboo products have not been developed; and benefit sharing among chain actors is unequal. As chopsticks and votive paper are the most common semi-industrial products in Vietnam, this paper analyses the characteristics of chain actors and compares the financial and economic performance of different actors in the chopstick and votive paper value chain (VC) in Thanh Hoa Province. Data were collected through interviews with eight key informants, 12 bamboo producers, five traders, one votive paper company, one chopstick company and six focus group discussions. The results show that the utilisation rate of raw material in the chopstick VC is low at less than 20 %. The net profit per ton of finished product for the processing company is much higher than the net profit for the farmers and traders. The total value added is USD 182.5/ton in the chopstick VC and USD 244/ton in the votive paper VC. The value added by farmers and traders is very low (less than 10 % of the total value added). Possible options for promoting cooperation between chain actors and improving the performance of chain actors are discussed.

The contribution of non-timber forest products to the economy is ignored and often undervalued due to their subsistence nature. The study focused on baobab trees aiming to understand the baobab population, its asset value across various land uses, and the contribution of baobab fruits to the economy. Kilolo District and Iringa Urban District were purposively selected due to the availability of baobab trees and activities involving baobab fruit businesses in the districts. A stratified random sampling was done to select four land uses, in particular, settlement land, farmland, grazing land, and village forest reserve land for a biophysical survey. Besides, a socio-economic survey was conducted employing key informants’ interviews, market and household surveys to collect data for the assessment of baobab fruit value chains. A total of 91 respondents were interviewed, specifically, 44 harvesters, 1 village wholesaler, 2 middlemen, 2 village retailers, 6 processors 22 urban retailers, and 13 baobab fruits consumers. The study observed 5.27±0.39 stems/ha of baobab trees in grazing land, farmland (3.88±0.73stem/ha), village forest reserve land (2.68±0.17stem/land), and settlement land (2.27±0.31 stem/ha). Also, the total biological asset value of baobab trees was highest in farmland (29.87±9.04 USD/ha) and lowest in settlement land (12.36±2.82 USD/ha). Total chain value added was highest for the baobab fruits value chain involving village wholesalers (1.17 USD/Kg) and lowest for the baobab fruits value chain involving village retailers (0.27 USD/Kg) because of limited value-adding activities in the latter chain. Limited access to market information, low prices, poor storage facilities, lack of capital, poor processing facilities, and seasonal availability of baobab fruits were challenges facing baobab fruits value chain actors. The study concludes that the population of baobab trees differs between land uses implying the potential threats to its existence, and the need for desirable strategies for its conservation and management. So far, baobab is only harvested from self-growing trees, so the study proposes domestication and commercialization of the tree species to raise communities' contribution to the economy.

It is found that under martial law, the importance of the agricultural sector for the expanded reproduction of the potential of the national economy as a whole along with the provision of the macroeconomic stability in the country increases. It is determined that one of the basic factors of accelerated development of the agrarian sector of the economy of Ukraine is the intensification of foreign economic activity of subjects of agrarian entrepreneurship, intense activities at the processing and food production plants, in particular by increasing the volume of exports of products with high added value and limiting unproductive and increasing high-tech agricultural imports. It is substantiated that the key institutional prerequisite for expanding the spectrum of foreign economic relations of Ukrainian subjects of agrarian and agro-industrial entrepreneurship is the improvement of the system of regulation of foreign economic activity through the introduction of additional regulators in the range of methods, instruments, levers of regulatory influence on export-import flows and the development of logistics and warehousing infrastructure. It is determined that the regulation of foreign economic activity of subjects of agrarian entrepreneurship along with the processing and food production plants is a set of budgetary-tax, customs, loaning, anti-dumping, insurance, licensing and reglementary methods and instruments of regulatory influence on export-import flows of agricultural products and food products, as well as on improving the infrastructure of storage of agricultural products and foods. It is substantiated that in the conditions of martial law, first of all, it is necessary to ensure the diversification of methods and tools of direct and indirect budgetary support for agricultural exports, in particular in terms of ensuring timely and uninterrupted VAT reimbursement to Ukrainian exporters of agricultural products, as well as diversification of methods and tools of loaning support for exporters of high value-added products and operators of high-tech imports for the needs of agrotechnical, veterinary and agrochemical support for the development of the domestic agricultural sector.

The exchange rate is one of the most important macroeconomic variables that affects different sectors of the economy from various aspects. Due to the considerable impact of industrial development on the country's economic development, this research attempts to evaluate the asymmetric effect of the exchange rate on the value added of the industrial sector for the period of 1380:1 - 1400:4, using the NARDL method. The results of the estimation show that the effect of the exchange rate on the value added of the industrial sector is asymmetric, such that an increase in the exchange rate affects the value added of the industrial sector differently from a decrease in the exchange rate. The effect of the exchange rate in the long term is such that the positive changes in the exchange rate strengthen the value added of the industrial sector, and the decrease in the exchange rate does not affect it. Therefore, the economic policymaker should abandon exchange rate suppression as an inflation control policy and allow the exchange rate to be determined based on market forces.

ABSTRACT The objective of this article is to contribute to the improvement of a more comprehensive approach to international competitiveness, from the attempt to construct a revealed comparative advantages index that considers not only the participation of economies in the world market from the perspective of exports, but also the importance of value-added of exports and, in a broader sense, decentralization of world production, for the construction and maintenance of oligopolistic positions of industries and countries. For this, we used data from the TiVA database, in the period between 1995 and 2018, focusing on two groups of developing countries: BRICS and ASEAN.