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Project title: Occupational therapy and professional identity: narratives of professionals through life history. Study Protocol. Design: Qualitative research, using a socio-critical paradigm and biographical-narrative method where participants were selected through theoretical sampling and snowball sampling strategy. Data collection techniques were life stories, constructed through biograms, self-reports and biographical interviews. Abductive reasoning was used along with structural analysis techniques, narrative analysis, and ATLAS. ti software. Objective: To describe and analyze the occupational construct of the professional identity of occupational therapists in Spain. Specific Objectives: (1) Analyze life events, transitions, and turning points that contribute to the outlining of the life journey of professional identity. (2) Explore the management of professional tasks. (3) Analyze the nature of the knowledge required to carry out the role. (4) Examine in detail the strategies applied to the personal engagement of occupational therapists. Study Population and Total Number of Participants: The study population consisted of professionals who are currently working as occupational therapists in Spain. The number of participants was established when data saturation was reached, with a total of nine informants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pedagogical practices contribute to enhancing professional intelligence which is an indicator of maturity and development of professional identity. The research guiding question was: What are the pedagogical practices involved in occupational therapy students' professional identity formation? A scoping review using a six-stage methodological framework was used to capture a variety of evidence describing how professional identity has been conceptualised and integrated into the occupational therapy curriculum while noticing a link to professional intelligence. Databases included were: Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ProQuest ERIC, Scopus, Web of Science, CSIC, Dialnet, PubMed, Pubmed Central, OTDBASE and Scielo. Qualitative content analysis was used to categorise learning outcomes into five components of professional identity that were associated with the pedagogical practices identified in the studies. n = 58 peer-reviewed journal articles were recorded. The articles were classified as intervention studies (n = 31; 53.4%), reviews (n = 12; 20.7%) and theoretical articles (n = 15; 25.9%). To ensure the feasibility of collecting and reporting results, we narrowed the focus to n = 31 intervention studies that provided information on pedagogical practices and learning outcomes on professional identity forging in students. This scoping review illustrates the variety of contexts in which students learn, the multiple dimensions of identity establishment, and the variety of pedagogical practices. These findings can be used to adapt and design focused formative curricula that support the development of professional identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Project title: Occupational therapy and professional identity: narratives of professionals through life history. Study Protocol. Design: Qualitative research, using a socio-critical paradigm and biographical-narrative method where participants were selected through theoretical sampling and snowball sampling strategy. Data collection techniques were life stories, constructed through biograms, self-reports and biographical interviews. Abductive reasoning was used along with structural analysis techniques, narrative analysis, and ATLAS. ti software. Objective: To describe and analyze the occupational construct of the professional identity of occupational therapists in Spain. Specific Objectives: (1) Analyze life events, transitions, and turning points that contribute to the outlining of the life journey of professional identity. (2) Explore the management of professional tasks. (3) Analyze the nature of the knowledge required to carry out the role. (4) Examine in detail the strategies applied to the personal engagement of occupational therapists. Study Population and Total Number of Participants: The study population consisted of professionals who are currently working as occupational therapists in Spain. The number of participants was established when data saturation was reached, with a total of nine informants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eosinophilic colitis is a rare gastrointestinal disease that belongs to the group of so-called primary eosinophilic diseases of the digestive tract. There are three types: mucosa, transmural (muscular), and subserous. We present the case of a 23-year-old male patient with a clinical picture of abdominal pain, nausea, chronic diarrhea, and ascites. Parasitic and other secondary etiologies were ruled out. Upper digestive endoscopy was not helpful. Colonoscopy revealed characteristics of inflammation in the distal ileum and ascending colon, the histological findings of which were consistent with eosinophilic colitis. The study of ascitic fluid was suggestive of eosinophilic ascites. The patient received induction treatment with prednisone 40 mg daily orally; remission was achieved after two weeks, and maintenance therapy based on prednisone was continued with the progressive withdrawal of the dose. Control of the disease was successful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the context, the overarching aim is to identify scientific publications on occupational therapy in Psychiatric-Short-Term-Hospitalization-Units. Specific objectives include: (a) Analyzing the historical development of this research area; (b) Synthesizing existing evidence on the nature of documentary sources on occupational therapy in in Psychiatric-Short-Term-Hospitalization-Units; (c) Detailing the volume of scientific literature on occupational therapy in these units; (e) Evaluating available evidence on occupational therapy interventions to improve functionality, quality of life, and recovery in individuals admitted to in Psychiatric-Short-Term-Hospitalization-Units. A scoping review method was employed to conduct a historical mapping of research on in Psychiatric-Short-Term-Hospitalization-Units. The review proceeded in five stages following PRISMA guidelines. After applying selection criteria, the search identified 446 references. Findings are presented under three headings: (a) Historical trends in the scientific literature on occupational therapy and in Psychiatric-Short-Term-Hospitalization-Units; (b) Nature and volume of articles included in the occupational therapy synthesis in Psychiatric Short-Term Hospitalization Units; (c) Data extraction on methodological variables in the research of occupational therapy articles in in Psychiatric-Short-Term-Hospitalization-Units; and (d) Data extraction on research outcome variables of occupational therapy articles in Psychiatric Short-Term Hospitalization Units. The growth of occupational therapy in in Psychiatric-Short-Term-Hospitalization-Units is emphasized, with an increase in qualitative studies. Occupational therapy is underscored as an integral part of care, supporting the diversity and effectiveness of interventions. Common diagnoses include schizophrenia and depressive disorders. Group interventions and the spiritual dimension positively influence the quality of care and meaningful routines for recovery in in Psychiatric-Short-Term-Hospitalization-Units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence of mental health problems during childhood and adolescence is on the rise. There is a growing interest in the examination of personal variables that may function as risk factors and that may be targeted for effective intervention. This study explores the relationships amongst different aspects of psychological inflexibility (one, typically studied, focusing on the individual's responding to unwanted emotions and cognitions, and another, more recently explored, focusing on the individual's responding to desired thoughts and affective states), emotional intelligence, and mental health symptoms. A total of 129 school-going children (mean age: 11.16 years old) completed a battery of instruments comprising the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire-Youth (AFQ-Y17), the Experiential Approach Scale (EAS), the Emotional Intelligence Quotient Inventory (EQi-YV), and the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS-30). Results showed that both the AFQ-Y17 score and an EAS subscale score (Anxious Clinging) were significant independent predictors of mental health symptoms in general. Emotional intelligence was predictive only for depression, and both the AFQ-Y17 and the Anxious Clinging EAS subscale significantly incremented the predictive power of a hierarchical linear regression model including all three variables. These results underscore the relevance of psychological inflexibility for child/adolescent mental health, and the need to further explore a specific aspect of inflexibility regarding positive emotions and other appetitive private events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A reversal design was employed for the analysis of transfer of fear and avoidance through equivalence classes. Two 5‐member equivalence classes (A1‐B1‐C1‐D1‐E1 and A2‐B2‐C2‐D2‐E2) were established. Then B1 and C1 were paired with shock (CS+) and served as SDs in avoidance training (B2 and C2 were trained as CS‐/S∆s for avoidance). Further avoidance training followed with D1 and E1 (as SDs) and D2 and E2 (as S∆s), with the first presentation of each of these stimuli serving as the first transfer test. Afterwards, aversive conditioning contingencies were reversed: B2 and D2 were paired with shock and trained as SDs for avoidance, B1 and D1 were presented without shock (CS‐/S∆s). Transfer was tested again with C1, E1, C2 and E2. This reversal was implemented to allow for the within‐subject replication of transfer effects upon changes in the function of only a subset of each class's elements. Avoidance (key presses) and conditioned fear (skin conductance and heart rate) were simultaneously measured. Results show a clear transfer effect for avoidance, with between‐ and within‐subject replications. For physiological measures, transfer effects in the first test could only be imputed on the basis of group‐based inferential statistical analysis. Evidence for between‐subject replication was weaker, with only a limited proportion of participants meeting the individual criterion for transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El rozamiento estático rara vez se trata en primeros cursos universitarios como una ligadura cinemática entre superficies en contacto, en movimiento solidario, pero pretendiendo el desplazamiento relativo debido a la inercia de los cuerpos o la acción de fuerzas externas. La naturaleza newtoniana de una fuerza de módulo desconocido (sin ley de fuerzas) pero que se opone al movimiento relativo tentativo resulta difícil de asimilar por los estudiantes de Física, acostumbrados a fuerzas de contacto que participan del movimiento manifiesto. El concepto de movimiento relativo incipiente (transición instantánea de reposo a movimiento), activado cuando la ligadura cinemática llega a su límite, dificulta definitivamente el manejo del rozamiento estático, a diferencia del rozamiento dinámico. En este trabajo analizamos y discutimos las peculiaridades y dificultades asociadas a la esquiva fuerza de rozamiento estático. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El análisis retrospectivo de la Física puede resultar un recurso incentivador para su enseñanza y aprendizaje. Y ese podría ser el caso de la comprensión de la estructura mesoscópica de la materia y sus interacciones (atractiva/repulsiva, alcance, intensidad), tomando como ejemplo paradigmático el ascenso capilar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Martian mesosphere and thermosphere, the region above about 60 km, is not the primary target of the ExoMars 2016 mission but its Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) can explore it and address many interesting issues, either in-situ during the aerobraking period or remotely during the regular mission. In the aerobraking phase TGO peeks into thermospheric densities and temperatures, in a broad range of latitudes and during a long continuous period. TGO carries two instruments designed for the detection of trace species, NOMAD and ACS, which will use the solar occultation technique. Their regular sounding at the terminator up to very high altitudes in many different molecular bands will represent the first time that an extensive and precise dataset of densities and hopefully temperatures are obtained at those altitudes and local times on Mars. But there are additional capabilities in TGO for studying the upper atmosphere of Mars, and we review them briefly. Our simulations suggest that airglow emissions from the UV to the IR might be observed outside the terminator. If eventually confirmed from orbit, they would supply new information about atmospheric dynamics and variability. However, their optimal exploitation requires a special spacecraft pointing, currently not considered in the regular operations but feasible in our opinion. We discuss the synergy between the TGO instruments, specially the wide spectral range achieved by combining them. We also encourage coordinated operations with other Mars-observing missions capable of supplying simultaneous measurements of its upper atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reaction of the 2-(trimethylsilyl)imidazolium triflate 9 with diarylboron halides (4-R-C6H4)2BX (R=H, X=Br; R=CH3, X=Cl; R=CF3, X=Cl) afforded the NHC-stabilized borenium cations 10 a- c. Cyclic voltammetry revealed a linear correlation between the Hammett parameter σp of the para substituent and the half-wave potential. Chemical reduction with decamethylcobaltocene, [(C5Me5)2Co], furnished the corresponding radicals 11 a- c; their characterization by EPR spectroscopy confirmed the paramagnetic character of 11 a- c, with large hyperfine coupling constants to the boron isotopes 11B and 10B, while delocalization of the unpaired electron into the NHC is negligible. DFT calculations of the percentage of spin density distribution between the carbene (NHC) and the boryl fragments (BR2) revealed for 11 a- c a spin density ratio (BR2/NHC) of ca. 9:1, which underlines their distinct boryl radical character. The molecular structure of the most stable species 11 c was established by X-ray diffraction analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Die Reaktion von 2 ‐ (Trimethylsilyl)imidazoliumtriflat 9 mit Diarylborhalogeniden (4 ‐ R ‐ C6H4)2BX (R=H, X=Br; R=CH3, X=Cl; R=CF3, X=Cl) führte zu den NHC ‐ stabilisierten Boreniumkationen 10 a – c. Cyclovoltammetrische Untersuchungen offenbarten eine lineare Korrelation zwischen den Hammett ‐ Parametern σp der para ‐ Substituenten und den Halbstufenpotentialen. Die chemische Reduktion mittels Decamethylcobaltocen, [(C5Me5)2Co], lieferte die entsprechenden Radikale 11 a – c; ihre Charakterisierung durch EPR ‐ Spektroskopie bestätigte den paramagnetischen Charakter von 11 a – c und ergab große Hyperfeinkopplungskonstanten zu den Bor ‐ Isotopen 11B und 10B, während die Delokalisierung des ungepaarten Elektrons in das NHC vernachlässigbar ist. DFT ‐ Berechnungen der Anteile der Spindichteverteilung zwischen dem Carben (NHC) und dem Borylfragment (BR2) offenbarte für 11 a – c ein Spindichteverhältnis (BR2 /NHC) von ca. 9:1, wodurch ihr eindeutiger Borylcharakter unterstrichen wird. Die Molekülstruktur der stabilsten Spezies 11 c wurde durch Röntgenstrukturanalyse bestimmt. Lange haltbar: Die Reaktion eines frustrierten N ‐ heterocyclisches Carben ‐ Silylium ‐ Lewis ‐ Paares mit Diarylhalogenboranen ergab eine Serie von NHC ‐ gestützten Boreniumkationen. Deren Ein ‐ Elektronen ‐ Reduktion lieferte persistente Borylradikale, die mittels EPR ‐ Spektroskopie, Einkristall ‐ Röntgendiffraktometrie und DFT ‐ Methoden untersucht wurden. Die Radikale offenbaren eine nahezu ausschließliche Lokalisierung des ungepaarten Elektrons auf den Diarylboryl ‐ Fragmenten. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on fear conditioning is key to understanding the genesis and maintenance of anxiety disorders. A still scarce but growing evidence shows that fear-conditioned arousal reactions may transfer amongst physically dissimilar but symbolically related (e.g. equivalent) stimuli. The limited investigation published to date has relied on skin conductance responses as its main measure. Thus far, no published studies have analyzed this phenomenon using more emotionally sensitive psychophysiological measures, like fear-potentiated startle. Twenty-seven participants underwent a matching-to-sample procedure for the formation of two four-member equivalence classes (A1-B1-C1-D1 and A2-B2-C2-D2). Then, one element from each class was used in a differential aversive conditioning procedure (CS+: B1; CS-: B2) with electric shock as the UCS. Eye-blink startle (measured as EMG activity of the orbicularis oculi muscle after a burst of white noise), skin conductance responses, and shock-risk self-report ratings were collected. Results show no evidence of transfer of functions with any of the psychophysiological measures. A weak, inconclusive effect was observed for self-reported ratings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since de Gennes coined in 1992 the term Janus particle (JP), there has been a continued effort to develop this field. The purpose of this review is to present the most relevant theoretical and experimental results obtained so far on the surface activity of amphiphilic JPs at fluid interfaces. The surface activity of JPs at fluid–fluid interfaces can be experimentally determined using two different methods: the classical Langmuir balance or the pendant drop tensiometry. The second method requires much less amount of sample than the first one, but it has also some experimental limitations. In all cases collected here the JPs exhibited a higher surface or interfacial activity than the corresponding homogeneous particles. This reveals the significant advantage of JPs for the stabilization of emulsions and foams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reaction of the N-heterocyclic carbene 1,3-di-tert-butyl-4,5-dimethylimidazolin-2-ylidene (1b) with trimethylsilyl iodide, triflate and triflimidate [Me3SiX, X = I, CF3SO3 (OTf), (CF3SO2)2N (NTf2)] by mixing the neat, liquid starting materials afforded the corresponding 2-(trimethylsilyl)imidazolium salts [(1b)SiMe3]X as highly reactive, white crystalline solids. Only the triflimidate (X = NTf2) proved to be stable in solution and could be characterized by means of NMR spectroscopy (in C6D5Br) and X-ray diffraction analysis, whereas dissociation into free 1b and Me3SiOTf was observed for the triflate system, in agreement with the trend derived by DFT calculations; the iodide was too insoluble for characterization. The compounds [(1b)SiMe3]X showed the reactivity expected for frustrated carbene–silylium pairs, and treatment with carbon dioxide, tert-butyl isocyanate and diphenylbutadiyne gave the 1,2-addition products [(1b)CO2SiMe3]X (X = I, OTf, NTf2), [(1b)C(NtBu)OSiMe3]OTf and [(1b)C(Ph)C(SiMe3)CCPh]OTf, respectively. Upon reaction with [AuCl(PPh3)], metal–chloride bond activation was observed, with formation of the cationic gold(i) complexes [(1b)Au(PPh3)]X (X = OTf, NTf2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tungstate, a compound with antidiabetic, antiobesity, and antihypertensive properties, activates the large-conductance voltage- and Ca-dependent K (BK) channel containing either β or β subunits. The BK activation by tungstate is Mg-dependent and promotes arterial vasodilation, but only in precontracted mouse arteries expressing β. In this study, we further explored how the β subunit participates in tungstate activation of BK channels. Activation of heterologously expressed human BKαβ channels in inside-out patches is fully dependent on the Mg sensitivity of the BK α channel subunit even at high (10 μM) cytosolic Ca concentration. Alanine mutagenesis of β extracellular residues Y74 or S104, which destabilize the active voltage sensor, greatly decreased the tungstate-induced left-shift of the BKαβ G- V curves in either the absence or presence of physiologically relevant cytosolic Ca levels (10 μM). The weakened tungstate activation of the BKαβ and BKαβ mutant channels was not related to decreased Mg sensitivity. These results, together with previously published reports, support the idea that the putative binding site for tungstate-mediated BK channel activation is located in the pore-forming α channel subunit, around the Mg binding site. The role of β in tungstate-induced channel activation seems to rely on its interaction with the BK α subunit to modulate channel activity. Loop residues that are essential for the regulation of voltage sensor activation and gating of the BK channel are also relevant for BK activation by tungstate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ion channels are specialized transmembrane proteins that permit the passive flow of ions following their electrochemical gradients. In the airways, ion channels participate in the production of epithelium-based hydroelectrolytic secretions and in the control of intracellular Ca2~ levels that will ultimately activate almost all lung cells, either resident or circulating. Thus, ion channels have been the center of many studies aiming to understand asthma pathophysiological mechanisms or to identify therapeutic targets for better control of the disease. In this minireview, we focus on molecular, genetic, and animal model studies associating ion channels with asthma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to analyze the conditions that permit the contextual control of correspondence and its generalization to stimuli under which correspondence was not explicitly trained. Eight typically developing preschool children participated in the experiment. Two sets of five easily recognizable and familiar stimuli were used as contextual cues for correspondence and non-correspondence training. Using instructions and differential contingencies for correspondence and non-correspondence, children were trained to do what they previously had said (say-do correspondence) with three elements of one set, and to do something different to what they previously had said (non-correspondence) with three elements of the other set. The remaining two elements of each set were then tested for their function as discriminative-like stimuli for either correspondence or non-correspondence. Results showed generalization of the two different forms of say-do relations for six participants out of eight. In most test trials, participants showed adequate correspondence or non-correspondence with untrained say-do sequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Beyond the linear model of Schulze et al. [J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. 3 (1) (1989) 39–48], a more comprehensive model for predicting the Young contact angle of rough and chemically homogeneous surfaces from contact angle hysteresis measurements is proposed. This new model incorporates the barrier effect, described by Shuttleworth and Bailey, and the Wenzel model as well. Both the linear and nonlinear models were evaluated using a thermoplastic polyether-based elastomer and PDMS and two liquids. The elastomer surfaces were textured on purpose at differing degrees of roughness. Both models provided similar values of Young angle, although the nonlinear model also provided information about the distribution of practical metastable configurations around the most stable equilibrium configuration. Despite the linear model showed slightly better goodness-of-fit and minor uncertainties in its parameters, the nonlinear model is more reliable and theoretically consistent. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The present study investigates the transfer of aversively conditioned respondent elicitation through equivalence classes, using skin conductance as the measure of conditioning. The first experiment is an attempt to replicate Experiment 1 in Dougher, Augustson, Markham, Greenway, and Wulfert (1994), with different temporal parameters in the aversive conditioning procedure employed. Match-to-sample procedures were used to teach 17 participants two 4-member equivalence classes. Then, one member of one class was paired with electric shock and one member of the other class was presented without shock. The remaining stimuli from each class were presented in transfer tests. Unlike the findings in the original study, transfer of conditioning was not achieved. In Experiment 2, similar procedures were used with 30 participants, although several modifications were introduced (formation of five-member classes, direct conditioning with several elements of each class, random sequences of stimulus presentation in transfer tests, reversal in aversive conditioning contingencies). More than 80% of participants who had shown differential conditioning also showed the transfer of function effect. Moreover, this effect was replicated within subjects for 3 participants. This is the first demonstration of the transfer of aversive respondent elicitation through stimulus equivalence classes with the presentation of transfer test trials in random order. The latter prevents the possibility that transfer effects are an artefactof transfer test presentation order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Ion channel functional diversity can be achieved at the structural level by means of three main mechanisms: (1) transcriptional regulation and processing of mRNA, (2) heteromerization of different pore-forming channel subunits and (3) incorporation of regulatory subunits to the functional channel complex. In this review article we will focus on one of these mechanisms, alternative pre-mRNA splicing, in the context of the TRP superfamily of cation channels. For this purpose, the basic principles governing pre-mRNA splicing will be introduced and comprehensive tables classifying only published spliced-variants of TRP channels will be presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Activity of the antioestrogen-activated maxi-Cl- channel has been recorded in different cell types, including fibroblasts, vascular smooth muscle, endothelial and neuroblastoma cells. Its electrophysiological properties resemble those of the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) of the outer mitochondrial membrane, a channel of particular relevance to the physiology and pathophysiology of mitochondria. The hypothesis that VDAC could be the molecular correlate of the plasma membrane maxi-Cl- channel has been debated over the last few years, with the lack of clear evidence for the presence of VDAC in the plasma membrane constituting the main argument of the detractors. In the present study, we investigated the cellular localisation of VDAC in NIH3T3 fibroblasts. The presence of a plasma membrane VDAC was demonstrated by immunoblotting of membrane fractions with monoclonal antibodies against the VDAC and by RT-PCR using primers that hybridise to a VDAC sequence coding for a N-terminal leader peptide required for its plasma membrane sorting. In addition, confocal microscopy studies showed the colocalisation of VDAC with caveolin-1. As expected, VDAC also localised to mitochondria. Colocalisation studies with TOM-20, a protein also present in the outer mitochondrial membrane, showed that VDAC proteins localised only to peripheral and not to perinuclear mitochondria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The identification of alternative estrogen actions has been accumulating steadily over the past two decades. Typically, these novel actions are not directly related to nuclear transcriptional events but related to the interaction of estrogens with sites present at plasma membrane or cytosolic locations. These alternative effects, widely known as non-genomic effects, range from the modulation of plasma membrane ion channel activity to the regulation of different intracellular signalling cascades. In the present study we have investigated the modulation of a large conductance chloride channel (Maxi Cl−) by estrogens, non-steroidal triphenylethylene antiestrogens and phenothiazines in NIH3T3 fibroblasts and the dependence on guanosine triphosphate (GTP) of the Maxi Cl− activation. Our data identifies the non-steroidal antiestrogens toremifene and tamoxifen, and the phenothiazines chlorpromazine and triflupromazine as activators of Maxi Cl− channels. In contrast, 17β-estradiol and cAMP, added prior to the exposure to antiestrogens, prevent channel activation. The pure antiestrogen ICI 182780 did not activate the channel nor prevent its activation by non-steroidal antiestrogens. The activation of Maxi Cl− channels by toremifene and tamoxifen required the presence of intracellular nucleotides and was inhibited by the stable analog, GDP β -S, suggesting the participation of a G-protein in the activation process. Little is known about the physiological relevance of Maxi Cl− channels. However, that fact that its regulation by estrogens and antiestrogens is shared by different cell types might imply a common role which needs to be identified. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The study of atmospheric emissions from orbit to probe the middle and upper atmosphere of Mars, which started with the Mariner missions, is living a golden era thanks to the European Space Agency (ESA) Mars Express mission and other subsequent missions built upon its success, including the ESA ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) mission. Here we summarize the most relevant information obtained by the analysis of atmospheric emissions data from Mars Express and TGO, about the temperature and density structure, the atmospheric dynamics, the chemistry and the atmospheric escape to space. Mars Express also opened a new field of research on Mars with the discovery of aurorae on the planet. We present here the most outstanding results collected by Mars Express about aurorae. Finally, we also discuss how later measurements by other missions have complemented Mars Express and TGO results, and the potential future developments relevant to this field of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the effects of nanoparticles on the dynamics of drop spreading under external vibration, presenting an advance in the understanding of nanofluid behavior on vibrating substrates. This work introduces insights into nanoparticle-mediated drop spreading, offering implications for improving particulate coatings, mini-mixers, and particle segregation technologies. By employing a twofold approach that combines oscillating drop dynamics with internal flow pattern analysis, we find how even small concentrations of hydrophilic or hydrophobized silica nanoparticles inside water sessile droplets significantly alter the spreading process on silanized glass surfaces. Our study allows distinct drop spreading regimes to be identified based on nanoparticle concentration and vibration amplitude, for both hydrophilic and hydrophobized nanoparticles. Through a comprehensive analysis, we demonstrate that the vibration-triggered spreading of nanofluids can lead to a stable and controlled manipulation of complex liquids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To test the effects of hot air coagulation, fibrin sealant, and horizontal mattress sutures on haemostasis and regeneration in experimental hepatectomy. :Design: Randomised laboratory experiment. :Setting: Teaching hospital, Spain. :Material: 200 rats divided into four groups (three experimental (n = 60 in each) and one control (n = 20)). :Interventions: Hepatic injuries were repaired by suture, coagulation, or fibrin sealant in the three experimental groups. The control group was used only to supply baseline blood samples. 10 animals in each experimental group were killed at 3, 5, 10, 25, 40, and 60 days. :Main outcome measures: Time taken to achieve haemostasis, and histopathological scores of healing. :Results: Mattress sutures took mean (SEM) of 346 (7) seconds to control the haemorrhage and allow the liver to regain its shape and 4 rats developed abscesses (7%). Fibrin sealant achieved haemostasis immediately and the liver regained its shape in 58 (2) seconds; 2 rats (3%) developed abscesses. Hot air coagulation achieved haemostasis in 27 (1) seconds and there were no abscesses. :Conclusion: Fibrin sealant was the best technique because it achieved immediate haemostasis and speedy regeneration. However, hot air coagulation is a useful and cheaper alternative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a non-local thermodynamic equilibrium retrieval scheme for atmospheric composition and its application to Mars CO 2 infrared limb emissions as measured by the OMEGA instrument on board Mars Express (MEx). These emissions are caused by CO 2 fluorescence of solar radiation, and thus the retrieval scheme accounts for non-LTE processes. We analyzed the dayside limb observations from a selection of three OMEGA orbits or data qubes. Before the retrieval was applied, we performed a radiometric calibration, cleaned the spectra (including clustering techniques) and generated radiance vertical profiles for each dataset. We also present information on the inversion set up, results on the retrieved CO 2 density profiles, as well as the temperature profiles derived from the CO 2 densities by assuming hydrostatic equilibrium. An extensive sensitivity study of the retrieval scheme was carried out, including its application to the OMEGA spectra taken at different MEx orbital configurations, to conclude on its performance and to offer recommendations for its systematic use with MEx datasets. The uncertainty due to the instrumental Gain calibration and that caused by the retrieval noise error itself are of large importance for the inversion, but a comparable component of the total error comes from the uncertainties of the temperature provided by the GCM. We demonstrated that, between 120 and 160 km, CO 2 profiles can be derived with a precision around 30% and a vertical resolution of about 15 km. • OMEGA limb observations with high spatial resolution • Non-LTE model for CO 2 limb observations in the Mars thermosphere • Retrieval scheme applied to three interesting OMEGA data qubes • CO 2 profiles can be derived with a precision of around 20% between 120 and 160 km. • A vertical resolution of around 15 km is possible with the OMEGA spatial resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The global mechanical equilibrium condition of a liquid on a rough and chemically heterogeneous surface was derived for three-dimensional situations from a statistical outlook of dispensation of many drops and the assumption of local mechanical equilibrium. Unlike the conventional thermodynamic derivations from variational methods, the current proof is based on vector algebra rather than differential geometry. The mechanics-based derivation becomes less intricate although the minimum energy condition is not established. An effective contact angle is computed from the directional sampling of three-phase lines after local drop dispensations. The final expression is a combined mechanical version of the Wenzel and Cassie equations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objectives: The aims of this study were to design a novel titanium surface coated with a PVA hydrogel matrix and chitosan‐based nanoparticles and to investigate the antibiotic release and its ability to inhibit microbial activity. Methods: Two drug delivery systems were developed and mixed. Chitosan‐based nanoparticles (NP) and a polyvinyl alcohol film (PVA). The size, ζ‐potential, stability, adhesive properties, and encapsulation profile of NP, as well as the release kinetics of drug delivery systems and their antimicrobial ability of PVA and PVANP films, were studied on Ti surfaces. The systems were loaded with doxycycline, vancomycin, and doxepin hydrochloride. Results: Nanoparticles presented a ζ‐potential greater than 30 mV for 45 days and the efficiency drug encapsulation was 26.88% ± 1.51% for doxycycline, 16.09% ± 10.24% for vancomycin and 17.57% ± 11.08% for doxepin. In addition, PVA films were loaded with 125 μg/mL of doxycycline, 125 μg/mL of vancomycin, and 100 μg/mL of doxepin. PVANP‐doxycycline achieved the antibacterial effect at 4 h while PVA‐doxycycline maintained its effect at 24 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the activation of Maxi-K channels by Estradiol binding to the beta subunit. Susceptibility of women with cardiovascular diseases; Formation of Maxi-K channels, or modulators of vascular smooth muscle tones; Effects of Estradiol on Maxi-K channels.

Design: Qualitative methodology, with an interpretative phenomenological analysis approach based on the analysis of the contents of the participants' narratives. Objective: The main objective of this study is to interpret the meanings women attribute to lived experiences related to their participation in activities in the rehabilitation programs. Specific objectives: (1) To describe the meanings given to the activities in the rehabilitation programs of a forensic mental health setting. (2) To analyze the impact on health that participants attribute to those activities. (3) To identify possible situations of occupational deprivation. Study Population and Total Number of Participants: The study population is made up of women who participate in the rehabilitation program at Hospital Psiquiátrico Penitenciario de Alicante in Spain. The number of participants is established when saturation of data is reached. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim. One way to facilitate occupational therapy undergraduate students transferring their academic skills of data gathering and analysis to professional settings is to ensure they can competently use diagnostic reasoning. Nevertheless, there are several obvious gaps in empirical evidence related to the learning and development of this style of reasoning in occupational therapy undergraduates. The most important are related to promoting higher-order thinking and the use of information to solve problems in the context of professional practice. This study analyses undergraduates' diagnostic reasoning and its changes during their education. Materials and Methods. This multicentre study was conducted with a descriptive observational design. The study took place at the University of Coruña (Spain), University of Castilla-La Mancha (Spain), and University of el Valle (Colombia). The sample was n = 247. For data collection, a clinical case was specifically designed. IBM SPSS Statistics (v19) and EPIDAT 3.1 were used for the data analysis. Results. Participants identified and categorized occupational performance problems. However, they had difficulties when identifying and categorizing the occupational performance components (specifically, the symptoms and signs of the disease presented in the study case). They presented limitations to analyse and synthesize the information collected to develop an explanation of the occupational problems and their causes. Conclusions. Undergraduate students' ability to analyse and synthesize information during data collection is poorly organized, so it makes the problem formulation difficult. This study contributes to the knowledge of undergraduates' diagnostic reasoning features, specifically the undergraduate students' capacities and limits to process information during the occupational assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our professional identity defines us in the eyes of others and places us within the collective group. We propose to study the educational construct of the identity of the teacher of professional training and labor orientation. A study was carried out in Galicia, Spain, over a period of 10 months, in the framework of a qualitative research project with a theoretical- methodological phenomenological perspective in which 43 people participated. We conducted in-depth interviews, a discussion group and field notebook, and grouped the results into three themes: vocation, training and working world. The concern for training and professional actions forged identities related to the rewards of work in accordance with the development of work stages. The heterogeneity of the collective group and the educational reforms allow for varied professional identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim. Professional reasoning in occupational therapy is the process used by practitioners to plan, direct, perform, and reflect on client care. The professional's ability to manage the process of the intervention is structured around it, thereby influencing the effectiveness of the work carried out. The objectives of this research were to identify and describe (a) the historical development of this area of research from 1982 to 2017 and (b) the nature and volume of the scientific literature on professional reasoning in occupational therapy and the evidence that exists today. Methods. A scoping review method was used to carry out an historical mapping of research on professional reasoning and to summarise the lines of research explored to date. The review was conducted in five stages following the PRISMA guidelines. After applying the selection criteria, the search identified 303 references. Results. The results are presented under three headings: (a) nature and volume of publications on professional reasoning in occupational therapy according to number and year of publications, journal, country, author, and line of research; (b) historical trends in the scientific literature on professional reasoning in occupational therapy since 1982; and (c) methodological aspects of the research. Each of them is discussed through statistical analysis. Conclusions. The research about professional reasoning in occupational therapy is a field of empirical nature, in which qualitative studies predominate. Principal lines of research are focused on specific fields of practice, undergraduates, and theoretical aspects of professional reasoning. There were identified three historical phases with common features in terms of objectives and research methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an introduction to a series of articles commemorating the 50th anniversary of the publication of the book "Verbal Behavior," by Burrhus Frederic Skinner.

Focuses on the complex diversity of steroid actions. Discussion of the extranuclear steroid receptors; Presence of oestrogen receptor on the plasma membrane; Protein-protein interaction between the classical steroid receptors and membrane-related enzymes.

Particles adsorbed at liquid interfaces are commonly used to stabilise water-oil Pickering emulsions and water-air foams. The fundamental understanding of the physics of particles adsorbed at water-air and water-oil interfaces is improving significantly due to novel techniques that enable the measurement of the contact angle of individual particles at a given interface. The case of non-aqueous interfaces and emulsions is less studied in the literature. Non-aqueous liquid-liquid interfaces in which water is replaced by other polar solvents have properties similar to those of water-oil interfaces. Nanocomposites of non-aqueous immiscible polymer blends containing inorganic particles at the interface are of great interest industrially and consequently more work has been devoted to them. By contrast, the behaviour of particles adsorbed at oil-oil interfaces in which both oils are immiscible and of low dielectric constant (ε < 3) is scarcely studied. Hydrophobic particles are required to stabilise these oil-oil emulsions due to their irreversible adsorption, high interfacial activity and elastic shell behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Icing has become a hot topic both in academia and in the industry given its implications in transport, wind turbines, photovoltaics, and telecommunications. Recently proposed de‐icing solutions involving the propagation of acoustic waves (AWs) at suitable substrates may open the path for a sustainable alternative to standard de‐icing or anti‐icing procedures. Herein, the fundamental interactions are unraveled that contribute to the de‐icing and/or hinder the icing on AW‐activated substrates. The response toward icing of a reliable model system consisting of a piezoelectric plate activated by extended electrodes is characterized at a laboratory scale and in an icing wind tunnel under realistic conditions. Experiments show that surface modification with anti‐icing functionalities provides a synergistic response when activated with AWs. A thoughtful analysis of the resonance frequency dependence on experimental variables such as temperature, ice formation, or wind velocity demonstrates the application of AW devices for real‐time monitoring of icing processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It can be argued that the Implicit Association Test (IAT) is the most popular assessment of implicit bias available. The IAT in part owes its popularity to the IAT website, launched shortly after development of the test itself, which has accumulated millions of responses from self-enrolled participants. The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) is an experimental preparation grounded in relational frame theory (RFT) devised to capture specific relations among stimuli. It provides a more granular analysis of bias, a distinct advantage over the IAT, and its internal reliability is among the best of all implicit measures and certainly comparable to the IAT. The present study attempted to develop and validate an IRAP website equivalent to the IAT website by replicating a foundational IRAP study. This study tasked participants with categorizing positively and negatively valenced words as either "pleasant" or "unpleasant." A total of 31 out of 40 participants survived performance-related criteria at similar rates to previous IRAP studies, demonstrating the feasibility of web-delivered IRAP studies. The results successfully replicated the main effect, an overall preference toward positive words, as well as a pattern of specific trial-type scores commonly observed in IRAP studies. These results were internally consistent. The successful development of the web-IRAP offers the potential to leverage advantages typical of web-delivered research, including increased power, greater ecological validity, and inclusion of underrepresented demographic groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Titanium is extensively employed in biomedical devices, in particular as implant. The self-assembly of alkylphosphonates on titanium surfaces enable the specific adsorption of biomolecules to adapt the implant response against external stimuli. In this work, chemically-tailored cpTi surfaces were prepared by self-assembly of alkylphosphonate molecules. By bringing together attributes of two grafting molecules, aqueous mixtures of two alkylphosphonates were used to obtain mixed self-assembled films. Single self-assembled films were also altered by laser abrasion to produce chemically patterned cpTi surfaces. Both mixed and patterned self-assembled films were confirmed by AFM, ESEM and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Water contact angle measurements also revealed the composition of the self-assembly films. Chemical functionalization with two grafting phosphonate molecules and laser surface engineering may be combined to guide the bone-like formation on cpTi, and the future biological response in the host. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: The transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) cation channel participates in multiple physiological processes and is also at the core of different diseases, making this channel an interesting pharmacological target with therapeutic potential. However, little is known about the structural elements governing its inhibition. Experimental Approach We have now combined in silico drug discovery and molecular dynamics simulation based on Xenopus tropicalis xTRPV4 structure with functional studies measuring cell Ca2+ influx mediated by human TRPV4 channel to characterize the binding site of known TRPV4 inhibitors and to identify novel small molecule channel modulators. Key Results: We have found that the inhibitor HC067047 binds to a pocket conformed by residues from S2–S3 linker (xTRPV4‐D542), S4 (xTRPV4‐M583 and Y587 and S5 (xTRPV4‐D609 and F613). This pocket was also used for structure‐based virtual screening in the search of novel channel modulators. Forty potential hits were selected based on the lower docking scores (from ~250,000 compounds) and their effect upon TRPV4 functionally tested. Three were further analysed for stability using molecular dynamics simulation and functionally tested on TRPV4 channels carrying mutations in the binding pocket. Compound NSC151066, shown to require residue xTRPV4‐M583 for its inhibitory effect, presented an IC50 of 145 nM and demonstrated to be an effective antiviral against Zika virus with a potency similar to HC067047. Conclusion and Implications: Together, we propose structural insights into the inhibition of TRPV4 and how this information can be used for the design of novel channel modulators. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Structure Guided Pharmacology of Membrane Proteins (BJP 75th Anniversary). To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.14/issuetoc [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report vertical profiles of water and D/H for one Martian year as measured with the TGO/NOMAD instrument. The observations were performed via solar occultation, providing water profiles up to ∼100 km and D/H up to ∼60 km, with a vertical resolution of 1–2 km. The measurements reveal dramatic variability of water and D/H over short timescales and with altitude and location on the planet. We investigated the release of seasonal water from the polar caps during southern and northern summer, by mapping water and its D/H near the polar regions. Above the hygropause, the D/H drops substantially below 2 VSMOW, and both seasonal polar caps show a consistent and enriched D/H of 5–7 VSMOW within the hygrosphere. Plain Language Summary: In our observations of water and its deuterium isotopic ratio (D/H) across a whole Martian year, we observe dramatic variations in the vertical distributions, in particular during dusty storms. The D/H ratio measured above the seasonal northern polar cap is consistent with that above the southern polar cap. Key Points: A full Martian year of water and D/H ratio data are reportedDramatic variations are observed in the vertical distributions of water and D/H during the dusty seasonsThe D/H ratio measured above the seasonal northern polar cap is consistent with that above the southern polar cap [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the Nadir and Occultation for MArs Discovery instrument aboard Trace Gas Orbiter, we derived the CO/CO2 profiles between 75 and 105 km altitude with the equivalent width technique. The derived CO/CO2 profiles showed significant seasonal variations in the southern hemisphere with decreases near perihelion and increases near aphelion. The estimation of the CO/CO2 profiles with a one‐dimensional photochemical model shows that an altitude‐dependent eddy diffusion coefficient better reproduces the observed profiles than a vertically uniform one. Our estimation suggests that the eddy diffusion coefficient in Ls = 240–270 is uniformly larger by a factor of ∼2 than that in Ls = 90–120 in the southern hemisphere, while they are comparable in the northern hemisphere. This fact demonstrates that the eddy diffusion coefficient is variable with season and latitude. Plain Language Summary: The eddy diffusion coefficient is widely used to parameterize the efficiency of vertical diffusion in the planetary atmosphere, whose variation characterizes the transportation of trace gas species. Additionally, it could vary their vertical distributions in the middle and upper atmosphere, which might cause an impact on the species escaping to space. However, the variability of the eddy diffusion coefficient in those altitude regions have been poorly understood. In this study, we focus on the estimation of variation in the eddy diffusion coefficient by analyzing the CO and CO2 measurements made by the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter. The observed CO/CO2 ratio between altitudes of 75 and 105 km shows a significant seasonal variation in the southern hemisphere. The observed CO/CO2 profiles are compared with the simulated profiles obtained with a one‐dimensional photochemical model assigning several shapes and intensity of eddy diffusion coefficient. The comparison shows that the eddy diffusion coefficient is not constant but variable depending on altitude, season, and latitude, which suggests that the efficiency of the vertical diffusion varies with season and latitude. This fact is useful to other 1D photochemical models to reproduce the seasonal and latitudinal variation of atmospheric composition. Key Points: The CO/CO2 profiles from 75 to 105 km measured by NOMAD aboard TGO are used to investigate variations in the eddy diffusion coefficientThe estimated CO/CO2 profiles agree well with the observed profiles if altitude‐dependent eddy diffusion coefficients are consideredOur results demonstrate a substantial seasonal variation in the eddy diffusion coefficient in the southern hemisphere [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]