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1. Practical photonic band gap structures for high frequency axion haloscopes

Author: Goulart, D., Sindhwad, A. M., Jackson, H. M., Kowitt, N. I., Dones, K. A., Basurto, P. Castaño, Dawes, A., Lewis, S. M., and van Bibber, K.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Current and future searches for dark matter axions, based on their resonant conversion to photons in a magnetic field, span many orders of magnitude. A major impediment to designing resonators at the high end of this range, 5 GHz and above, is the proliferation of TE modes, which overwhelm and hybridize with the TM010 mode to which the axion couples, making the search impossible. We demonstrate that a photonic band gap structure can be designed that completely suppresses the TE spectrum, even reducing the number of lattice periods to two or one, and violating perfect lattice symmetry. This allows tunable resonators to be designed in a convenient, volumetrically efficient circular geometry thus enabling future searches in the post-inflation axion mass range.
Published: 2024

2. Dark Matter Axion Search with HAYSTAC Phase II

Author: HAYSTAC Collaboration, Bai, Xiran, Jewell, M. J., Echevers, J., van Bibber, K., Droster, A., Esmat, Maryam H., Ghosh, Sumita, Graham, Eleanor, Jackson, H., Laffan, Claire, Lamoreaux, S. K., Leder, A. F., Lehnert, K. W., Lewis, S. M., Maruyama, R. H., Nath, R. D., Rapidis, N. M., Ruddy, E. P., Silva-Feaver, M., Simanovskaia, M., Singh, Sukhman, Speller, D. H., Zacarias, Sabrina, and Zhu, Yuqi
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: This Letter reports new results from the HAYSTAC experiment's search for dark matter axions in our galactic halo. It represents the widest search to date that utilizes squeezing to realize sub-quantum limited noise. The new results cover 1.71 $\mu$eV of newly scanned parameter space in the mass ranges 17.28--18.44 $\mu$eV and 18.71--19.46 $\mu$eV. No statistically significant evidence of an axion signal was observed, excluding couplings $|g_\gamma|\geq$ 2.75$\times$$|g_{\gamma}^{\text{KSVZ}}|$ and $|g_\gamma|\geq$ 2.96$\times$$|g_{\gamma}^{\text{KSVZ}}|$ at the 90$\%$ confidence level over the respective region. By combining this data with previously published results using HAYSTAC's squeezed state receiver, a total of 2.27 $\mu$eV of parameter space has now been scanned between 16.96--19.46 $\mu$eV, excluding $|g_\gamma|\geq$ 2.86$\times$$|g_{\gamma}^{\text{KSVZ}}|$ at the 90$\%$ confidence level. These results demonstrate the squeezed state receiver's ability to probe axion models over a significant mass range while achieving a scan rate enhancement relative to a quantum-limited experiment., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2024

3. Electromagnetic modeling and science reach of DMRadio-m$^3$

Author: DMRadio Collaboration, AlShirawi, A., Bartram, C., Benabou, J. N., Brouwer, L., Chaudhuri, S., Cho, H. -M., Corbin, J., Craddock, W., Droster, A., Foster, J. W., Fry, J. T., Graham, P. W., Henning, R., Irwin, K. D., Kadribasic, F., Kahn, Y., Keller, A., Kolevatov, R., Kuenstner, S., Kurita, N., Leder, A. F., Li, D., Ouellet, J. L., Pappas, K. M. W., Phipps, A., Rapidis, N. M., Safdi, B. R., Salemi, C. P., Simanovskaia, M., Singh, J., van Assendelft, E. C., van Bibber, K., Wells, K., Winslow, L., Wisniewski, W. J., and Young, B. A.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: DMRadio-m$^3$ is an experiment that is designed to be sensitive to KSVZ and DFSZ QCD axion models in the 10-200 MHz (41 neV$/c^2$ - 0.83 $\mu$eV/$c^2$) range. The experiment uses a solenoidal dc magnetic field to convert an axion dark-matter signal to an ac electromagnetic response in a coaxial copper pickup. The current induced by this axion signal is measured by dc SQUIDs. In this work, we present the electromagnetic modeling of the response of the experiment to an axion signal over the full frequency range of DMRadio-m$^3$, which extends from the low-frequency, lumped-element limit to a regime where the axion Compton wavelength is only a factor of two larger than the detector size. With these results, we determine the live time and sensitivity of the experiment. The primary science goal of sensitivity to DFSZ axions across 30-200 MHz can be achieved with a $3\sigma$ live scan time of 3.7 years., Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2023

4. New Results from HAYSTAC's Phase II Operation with a Squeezed State Receiver

Author: HAYSTAC Collaboration, Jewell, M. J., Leder, A. F., Backes, K. M., Bai, Xiran, van Bibber, K., Brubaker, B. M., Cahn, S. B., Droster, A., Esmat, Maryam H., Ghosh, Sumita, Graham, Eleanor, Hilton, Gene C., Jackson, H., Laffan, Claire, Lamoreaux, S. K., Lehnert, K. W., Lewis, S. M., Malnou, M., Maruyama, R. H., Palken, D. A., Rapidis, N. M., Ruddy, E. P., Simanovskaia, M., Singh, Sukhman, Speller, D. H., Vale, Leila R., Wang, H., and Zhu, Yuqi
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: A search for dark matter axions with masses $>10 \mu eV/c^{2}$ has been performed using the HAYSTAC experiment's squeezed state receiver to achieve sub-quantum limited noise. This report includes details of the design and operation of the experiment previously used to search for axions in the mass ranges $16.96-17.12$ and $17.14-17.28 \mu eV/c^{2}$($4.100-4.140$GHz) and $4.145-4.178$GHz) as well as upgrades to facilitate an extended search at higher masses. These upgrades include improvements to the data acquisition routine which have reduced the effective dead time by a factor of 5, allowing for the new region to be scanned $\sim$1.6 times faster with comparable sensitivity. No statistically significant evidence of an axion signal is found in the range $18.44-18.71\mu eV/c^{2}$($4.459-4.523$GHz), leading to an aggregate upper limit exclusion at the $90\%$ level on the axion-photon coupling of $2.06\times g_{\gamma}^{KSVZ}$., Comment: 20 pages, 16 figures
Published: 2023

5. Projected Sensitivity of DMRadio-m$^3$: A Search for the QCD Axion Below $1\,\mu$eV

Author: DMRadio Collaboration, Brouwer, L., Chaudhuri, S., Cho, H. -M., Corbin, J., Craddock, W., Dawson, C. S., Droster, A., Foster, J. W., Fry, J. T., Graham, P. W., Henning, R., Irwin, K. D., Kadribasic, F., Kahn, Y., Keller, A., Kolevatov, R., Kuenstner, S., Leder, A. F., Li, D., Ouellet, J. L., Pappas, K., Phipps, A., Rapidis, N. M., Safdi, B. R., Salemi, C. P., Simanovskaia, M., Singh, J., van Assendelft, E. C., van Bibber, K., Wells, K., Winslow, L., Wisniewski, W. J., and Young, B. A.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The QCD axion is one of the most compelling candidates to explain the dark matter abundance of the universe. With its extremely small mass ($\ll 1\,\mathrm{eV}/c^2$), axion dark matter interacts as a classical field rather than a particle. Its coupling to photons leads to a modification of Maxwell's equations that can be measured with extremely sensitive readout circuits. DMRadio-m$^3$ is a next-generation search for axion dark matter below $1\,\mu$eV using a $>4$ T static magnetic field, a coaxial inductive pickup, a tunable LC resonator, and a DC-SQUID readout. It is designed to search for QCD axion dark matter over the range $20\,\mathrm{neV}\lesssim m_ac^2\lesssim 800\,\mathrm{neV}$ ($5\,\mathrm{MHz}<\nu<200\,\mathrm{MHz}$). The primary science goal aims to achieve DFSZ sensitivity above $m_ac^2\approx 120$ neV (30 MHz), with a secondary science goal of probing KSVZ axions down to $m_ac^2\approx40\,\mathrm{neV}$ (10 MHz)., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures. Updated to fix small errors and correct acknowledgements. Updated title and notational clarifications
Published: 2022
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6. Proposal for a definitive search for GUT-scale QCD axions

Author: Brouwer, L, Chaudhuri, S, Cho, H-M, Corbin, J, Dawson, CS, Droster, A, Foster, JW, Fry, JT, Graham, PW, Henning, R, Irwin, KD, Kadribasic, F, Kahn, Y, Keller, A, Kolevatov, R, Kuenstner, S, Leder, AF, Li, D, Ouellet, JL, Pappas, KMW, Phipps, A, Rapidis, NM, Safdi, BR, Salemi, CP, Simanovskaia, M, Singh, J, van Assendelft, EC, van Bibber, K, Wells, K, Winslow, L, Wisniewski, WJ, and Young, BA
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences
Abstract: The QCD axion is a leading dark matter candidate that emerges as part of the solution to the strong CP problem in the Standard Model. The coupling of the axion to photons is the most common experimental probe, but much parameter space remains unexplored. The coupling of the QCD axion to the Standard Model scales linearly with the axion mass; therefore, the highly motivated region 0.4-120 neV, corresponding to a GUT-scale axion, is particularly difficult to reach. This paper presents the design requirements for a definitive search for GUT-scale axions and reviews the technological advances needed to enable this program.
Published: 2022

7. Axion Dark Matter

Author: Adams, C. B., Aggarwal, N., Agrawal, A., Balafendiev, R., Bartram, C., Baryakhtar, M., Bekker, H., Belov, P., Berggren, K. K., Berlin, A., Boutan, C., Bowring, D., Budker, D., Caldwell, A., Carenza, P., Carosi, G., Cervantes, R., Chakrabarty, S. S., Chaudhuri, S., Chen, T. Y., Cheong, S., Chou, A., Co, R. T., Conrad, J., Croon, D., D'Agnolo, R. T., Demarteau, M., DePorzio, N., Descalle, M., Desch, K., Di Luzio, L., Diaz-Morcillo, A., Dona, K., Drachnev, I. S., Droster, A., Du, N., Dunne, K., Döbrich, B., Ellis, S. A. R., Essig, R., Fan, J., Foster, J. W., Fry, J. T., Rosso, A. Gallo, Barceló, J. M. García, Irastorza, I. G., Gardner, S., Geraci, A. A., Ghosh, S., Giaccone, B., Giannotti, M., Gimeno, B., Grin, D., Grote, H., Guzzetti, M., Awida, M. H., Henning, R., Hoof, S., Hoshino, G., Irsic, V., Irwin, K. D., Jackson, H., Kimball, D. F. Jackson, Jaeckel, J., Jakovcic, K., Jewell, M. J., Kagan, M., Kahn, Y., Khatiwada, R., Knirck, S., Kovachy, T., Krueger, P., Kuenstner, S. E., Kurinsky, N. A., Leane, R. K., Leder, A. F., Lee, C., Lehnert, K. W., Lentz, E. W., Lewis, S. M., Liu, J., Lynn, M., Majorovits, B., Marsh, D. J. E., Maruyama, R. H., McAllister, B. T., Millar, A. J., Miller, D. W., Mitchell, J., Morampudi, S., Mueller, G., Nagaitsev, S., Nardi, E., Noroozian, O., O'Hare, C. A. J., Oblath, N. S., Ouellet, J. L., Pappas, K. M. W., Peiris, H. V., Perez, K., Phipps, A., Pivovaroff, M. J., Quílez, P., Rapidis, N. M., Robles, V. H., Rogers, K. K., Rudolph, J., Ruz, J., Rybka, G., Safdari, M., Safdi, B. R., Safronova, M. S., Salemi, C. P., Schuster, P., Schwartzman, A., Shu, J., Simanovskaia, M., Singh, J., Singh, S., Sinha, K., Sinnis, J. T., Siodlaczek, M., Smith, M. S., Snow, W. M., Sokolov, A. V., Sonnenschein, A., Speller, D. H., Stadnik, Y. V., Sun, C., Sushkov, A. O., Tait, T. M. P., Takhistov, V., Tanner, D. B., Tavecchio, F., Temples, D. J., Thomas, J. H., Tobar, M. E., Toro, N., Tsai, Y. -D., van Assendelft, E. C., van Bibber, K., Vandegar, M., Visinelli, L., Vitagliano, E., Vogel, J. K., Wang, Z., Wickenbrock, A., Winslow, L., Withington, S., Wooten, M., Yang, J., Young, B. A., Yu, F., Zhou, K., and Zhou, T.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Axions are well-motivated dark matter candidates with simple cosmological production mechanisms. They were originally introduced to solve the strong CP problem, but also arise in a wide range of extensions to the Standard Model. This Snowmass white paper summarizes axion phenomenology and outlines next-generation laboratory experiments proposed to detect axion dark matter. There are vibrant synergies with astrophysical searches and advances in instrumentation including quantum-enabled readout, high-Q resonators and cavities and large high-field magnets. This white paper outlines a clear roadmap to discovery, and shows that the US is well-positioned to be at the forefront of the search for axion dark matter in the coming decade., Comment: restore and expand author list
Published: 2022

8. Exploration of Wire Array Metamaterials for the Plasma Axion Haloscope

Author: Wooten, M., Droster, A., Kenany, Al, Sun, D., Lewis, S. M., and van Bibber, K.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: A plasma haloscope has recently been proposed as a feasible approach to extend the search for dark matter axions above 10 GHz ($\sim$ 40 $\mu$eV), whereby the microwave cavity in a conventional axion haloscope is supplanted by a wire array metamaterial. As the plasma frequency of a metamaterial is determined by its unit cell, and is thus a bulk property, a metamaterial resonator of any frequency can be made arbitrarily large, in contrast to a microwave cavity which incurs a steep penalty in volume with increasing frequency. We have investigated the basic properties of wire array metamaterials through $S_{21}$ measurements in the 10 GHz range. Excellent agreement with theoretical models is found, by which we project achievable quality factors to be of order $10^{4}$ in an actual axion search. Furthermore, schemes for tuning the array over a usable dynamic range ($30\%$ in frequency) appear practical from an engineering perspective., Comment: Published in Annalen der Physik
Published: 2022

9. Introducing DMRadio-GUT, a search for GUT-scale QCD axions

Author: Brouwer, L., Chaudhuri, S., Cho, H. -M., Corbin, J., Dawson, C. S., Droster, A., Foster, J. W., Fry, J. T., Graham, P. W., Henning, R., Irwin, K. D., Kadribasic, F., Kahn, Y., Keller, A., Kolevatov, R., Kuenstner, S., Leder, A. F., Li, D., Ouellet, J. L., Pappas, K. M. W., Phipps, A., Rapidis, N. M., Safdi, B. R., Salemi, C. P., Simanovskaia, M., Singh, J., van Assendelft, E. C., van Bibber, K., Wells, K., Winslow, L., Wisniewski, W. J., and Young, B. A.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: The QCD axion is a leading dark matter candidate that emerges as part of the solution to the strong CP problem in the Standard Model. The coupling of the axion to photons is the most common experimental probe, but much parameter space remains unexplored. The coupling of the QCD axion to the Standard Model scales linearly with the axion mass; therefore, the highly-motivated region 0.4-120 neV, corresponding to a GUT-scale axion, is particularly difficult to reach. This paper presents the design requirements for a definitive search for GUT-scale axions and reviews the technological advances needed to enable this program., Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2022
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10. A quantum-enhanced search for dark matter axions

Author: Backes, K. M., Palken, D. A., Kenany, S. Al, Brubaker, B. M., Cahn, S. B., Droster, A., Hilton, Gene C., Ghosh, Sumita, Jackson, H., Lamoreaux, S. K., Leder, A. F., Lehnert, K. W., Lewis, S. M., Malnou, M., Maruyama, R. H., Rapidis, N. M., Simanovskaia, M., Singh, Sukhman, Speller, D. H., Urdinaran, I., Vale, Leila R., van Assendelft, E. C., van Bibber, K., and Wang, H.
Subjects: Quantum Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: In dark matter axion searches, quantum uncertainty manifests as a fundamental noise source, limiting the measurement of the quadrature observables used for detection. We use vacuum squeezing to circumvent the quantum limit in a search for a new particle. By preparing a microwave-frequency electromagnetic field in a squeezed state and near-noiselessly reading out only the squeezed quadrature, we double the search rate for axions over a mass range favored by recent theoretical projections. We observe no signature of dark matter axions in the combined $16.96-17.12$ and $17.14-17.28\space\mu\text{eV}/c^2$ mass window for axion-photon couplings above $g_{\gamma} = 1.38\times g_{\gamma}^\text{KSVZ}$, reporting exclusion at the 90% level., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2020
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11. An improved analysis framework for axion dark matter searches

Author: Palken, D. A., Brubaker, B. M., Malnou, M., Kenany, S. Al, Backes, K. M., Cahn, S. B., Gurevich, Y. V., Lamoreaux, S. K., Lewis, S. M., Maruyama, R. H., Rapidis, N. M., Root, J. R., Simanovskaia, M., Shokair, T. M., Singh, Sukhman, Speller, D. H., Urdinaran, I., van Bibber, K., Zhong, L., and Lehnert, K. W.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability
Abstract: In experiments searching for axionic dark matter, the use of the standard threshold-based data analysis discards valuable information. We present a Bayesian analysis framework that builds on an existing processing protocol to extract more information from the data of coherent axion detectors such as operating haloscopes. The analysis avoids logical subtleties that accompany the standard analysis framework and enables greater experimental flexibility on future data runs. Performing this analysis on the existing data from the HAYSTAC experiment, we find improved constraints on the axion-photon coupling $g_\gamma$ while also identifying the most promising regions of parameter space within the $23.15$--$24.0$ $\mu$eV mass range. A comparison with the standard threshold analysis suggests a $36\%$ improvement in scan rate from our analysis, demonstrating the utility of this framework for future axion haloscope analyses., Comment: 22 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2020
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12. Modulation Sensitive Search for Non-Virialized Dark-Matter Axions

Author: Hoskins, J., Crisosto, N., Gleason, J., Sikivie, P., Stern, I., Sullivan, N. S., Tanner, D. B., Boutan, C., Hotz, M., Khatiwada, R., Lyapustin, D., Malagon, A., Ottens, R., Rosenberg, L. J, Rybka, G., Sloan, J., Wagner, A., Will, D., Carosi, G., Carter, D., Duffy, L. D., Bradley, R., Clarke, J., O'Kelley, S., van Bibber, K., and Daw, E. J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Non-virialized dark-matter axions may be present in the Milky Way halo in the form of low-velocity-dispersion flows. The Axion Dark Matter eXperiment performed a search for the conversion of these axions into microwave photons using a resonant cavity immersed in a strong, static magnetic field. The spread of photon energy in these measurements was measured at spectral resolutions of the order of 1 Hz and below. If the energy variation were this small, the frequency modulation of any real axion signal due to the orbital and rotational motion of the Earth would become non-negligible. Conservative estimates of the expected signal modulation were made and used as a guide for the search procedure. The photon frequencies covered by this search are 812$-$852 and 858$-$892 MHz, which correspond to an axion mass of 3.36$-$3.52 and 3.55$-$3.69 {\mu}eV. No axion signal was found, and limits were placed on the maximum local density of non-virialized axions of these masses., Comment: 12 pages, 12 figures
Published: 2018
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13. An Integral Experiment on Polyethylene Using Radiative Capture in Indium Foils in a High Flux D-D Neutron Generator

Author: Nnamani, N, Van Bibber, K, Bernstein, LA, Vujic, JL, Morrell, JT, Batchelder, JC, and Ayllon, M
Subjects: Cross sections, nuclear data, integral experiments, neutron, polyethylene, nucl-ex, nucl-th, Energy, Interdisciplinary Engineering
Abstract: We report here the results of a measurement of the scattered versus unscattered neutron fluence on polyethylene determined via neutron activation of multiple natural indium foils from a deuterium-deuterium (D-D) neutron generator. The neutrons were produced by the High Flux Neutron Generator (HFNG) at the University of California, Berkeley, a specially designed source to maximize neutron flux on a sample while minimizing the total neutron yield. During the experiment, approximately 108 n/s were produced with the energies at the indium foils ranging from 2.2 to 2.8 MeV. Both the angle-integrated and the partial angle differential results are consistent with the predictions of the Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport (MCNP) code, using ENDF/B-VII.1. This supports shielding calculations in the fast energy region with high-density polyethylene.
Published: 2020

14. Possible evidence of nonstatistical properties in the Cl 35 (n, p) S 35 cross section POSSIBLE EVIDENCE of NONSTATISTICAL ... J. C. BATCHELDER et al.

Author: Batchelder, JC, Chong, SA, Morrell, J, Unzueta, MA, Adams, P, Bauer, JD, Bailey, T, Becker, TA, Bernstein, LA, Fratoni, M, Hurst, AM, James, J, Lewis, AM, Matthews, EF, Negus, M, Rutte, D, Song, K, Van Bibber, K, Wallace, M, and Waltz, CS
Abstract: The Cl35(n,p) and Cl35(n,α) cross sections at incident neutron energies between 2.42 and 2.74 MeV were measured using the Berkeley High Flux Neutron Generator. The cross sections for Cl35(n,p) were more than a factor of 3 to 5 less than all of the values in the neutron absorption data libraries, while the Cl35(n,α) cross sections are in reasonable agreement with the data libraries. The measured energy-differential cross section is consistent with a single resonance with a width of 293(46) keV. This result suggests that, despite the high incident neutron energy, any attempt to model (n,x) cross sections in the vicinity of the N=Z=20 shell gap requires a resolved resonance approach rather than a Hauser-Feshbach approach.
Published: 2019

15. Possible evidence of nonstatistical properties in the Cl35(n, p)S35 cross section

Author: Batchelder, JC, Chong, S-A, Morrell, J, Unzueta, M Ayllon, Adams, P, Bauer, JD, Bailey, T, Becker, TA, Bernstein, LA, Fratoni, M, Hurst, AM, James, J, Lewis, AM, Matthews, EF, Negus, M, Rutte, D, Song, K, Van Bibber, K, Wallace, M, and Waltz, CS
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, Nuclear and plasma physics
Abstract: The Cl35(n,p) and Cl35(n,α) cross sections at incident neutron energies between 2.42 and 2.74 MeV were measured using the Berkeley High Flux Neutron Generator. The cross sections for Cl35(n,p) were more than a factor of 3 to 5 less than all of the values in the neutron absorption data libraries, while the Cl35(n,α) cross sections are in reasonable agreement with the data libraries. The measured energy-differential cross section is consistent with a single resonance with a width of 293(46) keV. This result suggests that, despite the high incident neutron energy, any attempt to model (n,x) cross sections in the vicinity of the N=Z=20 shell gap requires a resolved resonance approach rather than a Hauser-Feshbach approach.
Published: 2019

16. Results from phase 1 of the HAYSTAC microwave cavity axion experiment

Author: Zhong, L., Kenany, S. Al, Backes, K. M., Brubaker, B. M., Cahn, S. B., Carosi, G., Gurevich, Y. V., Kindel, W. F., Lamoreaux, S. K., Lehnert, K. W., Lewis, S. M., Malnou, M., Maruyama, R. H., Palken, D. A., Rapidis, N. M., Root, J. R., Simanovskaia, M., Shokair, T. M., Speller, D. H., Urdinaran, I., and van Bibber, K. A.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We report on the results from a search for dark matter axions with the HAYSTAC experiment using a microwave cavity detector at frequencies between 5.6-5.8$\, \rm Ghz$. We exclude axion models with two photon coupling $g_{a\gamma\gamma}\,\gtrsim\,2\times10^{-14}\,\rm GeV^{-1}$, a factor of 2.7 above the benchmark KSVZ model over the mass range 23.15$\,<\,$$m_a \,$<$\,$24.0$\,\mu\rm eV$. This doubles the range reported in our previous paper. We achieve a near-quantum-limited sensitivity by operating at a temperature $T
Published: 2018
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17. The HAYSTAC Axion Search Analysis Procedure

Author: Brubaker, B. M., Zhong, L., Lamoreaux, S. K., Lehnert, K. W., and van Bibber, K. A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We describe in detail the analysis procedure used to derive the first limits from the Haloscope at Yale Sensitive to Axion CDM (HAYSTAC), a microwave cavity search for cold dark matter (CDM) axions with masses above $20\ \mu\text{eV}$. We have introduced several significant innovations to the axion search analysis pioneered by the Axion Dark Matter eXperiment (ADMX), including optimal filtering of the individual power spectra that constitute the axion search dataset and a consistent maximum likelihood procedure for combining and rebinning these spectra. These innovations enable us to obtain the axion-photon coupling $|g_\gamma|$ excluded at any desired confidence level directly from the statistics of the combined data., Comment: 33 pages, 10 figures; added changes made in review process
Published: 2017
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18. Design, construction, and characterization of a compact DD neutron generator designed for 40Ar/39Ar geochronology

Author: Ayllon, M, Adams, PA, Batchelder, JC, Bauer, JD, Becker, TA, Bernstein, LA, Chong, SA, James, J, Kirsch, LE, Leung, KN, Matthews, EF, Morrell, JT, Renne, PR, Rogers, AM, Rutte, D, Voyles, AS, Van Bibber, K, and Waltz, CS
Subjects: DD neutron generator, MCNP simulations, Ion beam optics, Flux characterization, Geochronology, COMSOL Multiphysics, physics.acc-ph, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Other Physical Sciences
Abstract: A next-generation, high-flux DD neutron generator has been designed, commissioned, and characterized, and is now operational in a new facility at the University of California Berkeley. The generator, originally designed for 40Ar/39Ar dating of geological materials, has since served numerous additional applications, including medical isotope production studies, with others planned for the near future. In this work, we present an overview of the High Flux Neutron Generator (HFNG) which includes a variety of simulations, analytical models, and experimental validation of results. Extensive analysis was performed in order to characterize the neutron yield, flux, and energy distribution at specific locations where samples may be loaded for irradiation. A notable design feature of the HFNG is the possibility for sample irradiation internal to the cathode, just 8 mm away from the neutron production site, thus maximizing the neutron flux (n/cm2/s). The generator's maximum neutron flux at this irradiation position is 2.58 × 107 n/cm2/s ± 5% (approximately 3 × 108 n/s total yield) as measured via activation of small natural indium foils. However, future development is aimed at achieving an order of magnitude increase in flux. Additionally, the deuterium ion beam optics were optimized by simulations for various extraction configurations in order to achieve a uniform neutron flux distribution and an acceptable heat load. Finally, experiments were performed in order to benchmark the modeling and characterization of the HFNG.
Published: 2018

19. Design and Operational Experience of a Microwave Cavity Axion Detector for the 20-100 micro-eV Range

Author: Kenany, S. Al, Anil, M. A., Backes, K. M., Brubaker, B. M., Cahn, S. B., Carosi, G., Gurevich, Y. V., Kindel, W. F., Lamoreaux, S. K., Lehnert, K. W., Lewis, S. M., Malnou, M., Palken, D. A., Rapidis, N. M., Root, J. R., Simanovskaia, M., Shokair, T. M., Urdinaran, I., van Bibber, K. A., and Zhong, L.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: We describe a dark matter axion detector designed, constructed, and operated both as an innovation platform for new cavity and amplifier technologies and as a data pathfinder in the $5 - 25$ GHz range ($\sim20-100\: \mu$eV). The platform is small but flexible to facilitate the development of new microwave cavity and amplifier concepts in an operational environment. The experiment has recently completed its first data production; it is the first microwave cavity axion search to deploy a Josephson parametric amplifier and a dilution refrigerator to achieve near-quantum limited performance., Comment: 17 pages, published in NIM A. v2: added changes made during the review process
Published: 2016
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20. First results from a microwave cavity axion search at 24 micro-eV

Author: Brubaker, B. M., Zhong, L., Gurevich, Y. V., Cahn, S. B., Lamoreaux, S. K., Simanovskaia, M., Root, J. R., Lewis, S. M., Kenany, S. Al, Backes, K. M., Urdinaran, I., Rapidis, N. M., Shokair, T. M., van Bibber, K. A., Palken, D. A., Malnou, M., Kindel, W. F., Anil, M. A., Lehnert, K. W., and Carosi, G.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We report on the first results from a new microwave cavity search for dark matter axions with masses above $20~\mu\text{eV}$. We exclude axion models with two-photon coupling $g_{a\gamma\gamma} \gtrsim 2\times10^{-14}~\text{GeV}^{-1}$ over the range $23.55~\mu\text{eV} < m_a < 24.0~\mu\text{eV}$. These results represent two important achievements. First, we have reached cosmologically relevant sensitivity an order of magnitude higher in mass than any existing limits. Second, by incorporating a dilution refrigerator and Josephson parametric amplifier, we have demonstrated total noise approaching the standard quantum limit for the first time in an axion search., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in PRL. v2: added changes made during the review process
Published: 2016
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21. Cavity design for high-frequency axion dark matter detectors

Author: Stern, I., Chisholm, A. A., Hoskins, J., Sikivie, P., Sullivan, N. S., Tanner, D. B., Carosi, G., and van Bibber, K.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: In an effort to extend the usefulness of microwave cavity detectors to higher axion masses, above ~8 $\mu$eV (~2 GHz), a numerical trade study of cavities was conducted to investigate the merit of using variable periodic post arrays and regulating vane designs for higher-frequency searches. The results show that both designs could be used to develop resonant cavities for high-mass axion searches. Multiple configurations of both methods obtained the scanning sensitivity equivalent to approximately 4 coherently coupled cavities with a single tuning rod., Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, 1 table
Published: 2016
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22. IsoDAR@KamLAND: A Conceptual Design Report for the Technical Facility

Author: Abs, M., Adelmann, A., Alonso, J. R, Axani, S., Barletta, W. A., Barlow, R., Bartoszek, L., Bungau, A., Calabretta, L., Calanna, A., Campo, D., Castro, G., Celona, L., Collin, G. H., Conrad, J. M., Gammino, S., Johnson, R., Karagiorgi, G., Kayser, S., Kleeven, W., Kolano, A., Labrecque, F., Loinaz, W. A., Minervini, J., Moulai, M. H., Okuno, H., Owen, H., Papavassiliou, V., Shaevitz, M. H., Shimizu, I., Shokair, T. M., Sorensen, K. F., Spitz, J., Toups, M., Vagins, M., Van Bibber, K., Wascko, M. O., Winklehner, D., Winslow, L. A, and Yang, J. J.
Subjects: Physics - Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: This conceptual design report describes the technical facility for the IsoDAR electron-antineutrino source at KamLAND. The IsoDAR source will allow an impressive program of neutrino oscillation and electroweak physics to be performed at KamLAND. This report provides information on the physics case, the conceptual design for the subsystems, alternative designs considered, specifics of installation at KamLAND, and identified needs for future development. We discuss the risks we have identified and our approach to mitigating those risks with this design. A substantial portion of the conceptual design is based on three years of experimental efforts and on industry experience. This report also includes information on the conventional facilities.
Published: 2015

23. The Physics and Nuclear Nonproliferation Goals of WATCHMAN: A WAter CHerenkov Monitor for ANtineutrinos

Author: Askins, M., Bergevin, M., Bernstein, A., Dazeley, S., Dye, S. T., Handler, T., Hatzikoutelis, A., Hellfeld, D., Jaffke, P., Kamyshkov, Y., Land, B. J., Learned, J. G., Marleau, P., Mauger, C., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Roecker, C., Rountree, S. D., Shokair, T. M., Smy, M. B., Svoboda, R., Sweany, M., Vagins, M. R., van Bibber, K. A., Vogelaar, R. B., Wetstein, M. J., and Yeh, M.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: This article describes the physics and nonproliferation goals of WATCHMAN, the WAter Cherenkov Monitor for ANtineutrinos. The baseline WATCHMAN design is a kiloton scale gadolinium-doped (Gd) light water Cherenkov detector, placed 13 kilometers from a civil nuclear reactor in the United States. In its first deployment phase, WATCHMAN will be used to remotely detect a change in the operational status of the reactor, providing a first- ever demonstration of the potential of large Gd-doped water detectors for remote reactor monitoring for future international nuclear nonproliferation applications. During its first phase, the detector will provide a critical large-scale test of the ability to tag neutrons and thus distinguish low energy electron neutrinos and antineutrinos. This would make WATCHMAN the only detector capable of providing both direction and flavor identification of supernova neutrinos. It would also be the third largest supernova detector, and the largest underground in the western hemisphere. In a follow-on phase incorporating the IsoDAR neutrino beam, the detector would have world-class sensitivity to sterile neutrino signatures and to non-standard electroweak interactions (NSI). WATCHMAN will also be a major, U.S. based integration platform for a host of technologies relevant for the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) and other future large detectors. This white paper describes the WATCHMAN conceptual design,and presents the results of detailed simulations of sensitivity for the project's nonproliferation and physics goals. It also describes the advanced technologies to be used in WATCHMAN, including high quantum efficiency photomultipliers, Water-Based Liquid Scintillator (WbLS), picosecond light sensors such as the Large Area Picosecond Photo Detector (LAPPD), and advanced pattern recognition and particle identification methods., Comment: 35 pages, 9 figures
Published: 2015

24. A recoverable gas-cell diagnostic for the National Ignition Facility.

Author: Ratkiewicz, A, Berzak Hopkins, L, Bleuel, DL, Bernstein, LA, van Bibber, K, Cassata, WS, Goldblum, BL, Siem, S, Velsko, CA, Wiedeking, M, and Yeamans, CB
Subjects: Physical Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Engineering, Applied Physics
Abstract: The high-fluence neutron spectrum produced by the National Ignition Facility (NIF) provides an opportunity to measure the activation of materials by fast-spectrum neutrons. A new large-volume gas-cell diagnostic has been designed and qualified to measure the activation of gaseous substances at the NIF. This in-chamber diagnostic is recoverable, reusable and has been successfully fielded. Data from the qualification of the diagnostic have been used to benchmark an Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code simulation describing the downscattered neutron spectrum seen by the gas cell. We present early results from the use of this diagnostic to measure the activation of natXe and discuss future work to study the strength of interactions between plasma and nuclei.
Published: 2016

25. Advanced Scintillator Detector Concept (ASDC): A Concept Paper on the Physics Potential of Water-Based Liquid Scintillator

Author: Alonso, J. R., Barros, N., Bergevin, M., Bernstein, A., Bignell, L., Blucher, E., Calaprice, F., Conrad, J. M., Descamps, F. B., Diwan, M. V., Dwyer, D. A., Dye, S. T., Elagin, A., Feng, P., Grant, C., Grullon, S., Hans, S., Jaffe, D. E., Kettell, S. H., Klein, J. R., Lande, K., Learned, J. G., Luk, K. B., Maricic, J., Marleau, P., Mastbaum, A., McDonough, W. F., Oberauer, L., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Rosero, R., Rountree, S. D., Sanchez, M. C., Shaevitz, M. H., Shokair, T. M., Smy, M. B., Stahl, A., Strait, M., Svoboda, R., Tolich, N., Vagins, M. R., van Bibber, K. A., Viren, B., Vogelaar, R. B., Wetstein, M. J., Winslow, L., Wonsak, B., Worcester, E. T., Wurm, M., Yeh, M., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The recent development of Water-based Liquid Scintillator (WbLS), and the concurrent development of high-efficiency and high-precision-timing light sensors, has opened up the possibility for a new kind of large-scale detector capable of a very broad program of physics. The program would include determination of the neutrino mass hierarchy and observation of CP violation with long-baseline neutrinos, searches for proton decay, ultra-precise solar neutrino measurements, geo- and supernova neutrinos including diffuse supernova antineutrinos, and neutrinoless double beta decay. We outline here the basic requirements of the Advanced Scintillation Detector Concept (ASDC), which combines the use of WbLS, doping with a number of potential isotopes for a range of physics goals, high efficiency and ultra-fast timing photosensors, and a deep underground location. We are considering such a detector at the Long Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) far site, where the ASDC could operate in conjunction with the liquid argon tracking detector proposed by the LBNE collaboration. The goal is the deployment of a 30-100 kiloton-scale detector, the basic elements of which are being developed now in experiments such as WATCHMAN, ANNIE, SNO+, and EGADS.
Published: 2014

26. The Physics of the B Factories

Author: Bevan, A. J., Golob, B., Mannel, Th., Prell, S., Yabsley, B. D., Abe, K., Aihara, H., Anulli, F., Arnaud, N., Aushev, T., Beneke, M., Beringer, J., Bianchi, F., Bigi, I. I., Bona, M., Brambilla, N., rodzicka, J. B, Chang, P., Charles, M. J., Cheng, C. H., Cheng, H. -Y., Chistov, R., Colangelo, P., Coleman, J. P., Drutskoy, A., Druzhinin, V. P., Eidelman, S., Eigen, G., Eisner, A. M., Faccini, R., Flood, K. T ., Gambino, P., Gaz, A., Gradl, W., Hayashii, H., Higuchi, T., Hulsbergen, W. D., Hurth, T., Iijima, T., Itoh, R., Jackson, P. D., Kass, R., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Kou, E., Križan, P., Kronfeld, A., Kumano, S., Kwon, Y. J., Latham, T. E., Leith, D. W. G. S., Lüth, V., Martinez-Vidal, F., Meadows, B. T., Mussa, R., Nakao, M., Nishida, S., Ocariz, J., Olsen, S. L., Pakhlov, P., Pakhlova, G., Palano, A., Pich, A., Playfer, S., Poluektov, A., Porter, F. C., Robertson, S. H., Roney, J. M., Roodman, A., Sakai, Y., Schwanda, C., Schwartz, A. J., Seidl, R., Sekula, S. J., Steinhauser, M., Sumisawa, K., Swanson, E. S., Tackmann, F., Trabelsi, K., Uehara, S., Uno, S., van der Water, R., Vasseur, G., Verkerke, W., Waldi, R., Wang, M. Z., Wilson, F. F., Zupan, J., Zupanc, A., Adachi, I., Albert, J., Banerjee, Sw., Bellis, M., Ben-Haim, E., Biassoni, P., Cahn, R. N., Cartaro, C., Chauveau, J., Chen, C., Chiang, C. C., Cowan, R., Dalseno, J., Davier, M., Davies, C., Dingfelder, J. C., nard, B. Eche, Epifanov, D., Fulsom, B. G., Gabareen, A. M., Gary, J. W., Godang, R., Graham, M. T., Hafner, A., Hamilton, B., Hartmann, T., Hayasaka, K., Hearty, C., Iwasaki, Y., Khodjamirian, A., Kusaka, A., Kuzmin, A., Lafferty, G. D., Lazzaro, A., Li, J., Lindemann, D., Long, O., Lusiani, A., Marchiori, G., Martinelli, M., Miyabayashi, K., Mizuk, R., Mohanty, G. B., Muller, D. R., Nakazawa, H., Ongmongkolkul, P., Pacetti, S., Palombo, F., Pedlar, T. K., Piilonen, L. E., Pilloni, A., Poireau, V., Prothmann, K., Pulliam, T., Rama, M., Ratcliff, B. N., Roudeau, P., Schrenk, S., Schroeder, T., Schubert, K. R., Shen, C. P., Shwartz, B., Soffer, A., Solodov, E. P., Somov, A., Starič, M., Stracka, S., Telnov, A. V., Todyshev, K. Yu., Tsuboyama, T., Uglov, T., Vinokurova, A., Walsh, J. J., Watanabe, Y., Won, E., Wormser, G., Wright, D. H., Ye, S., Zhang, C. C., Abachi, S., Abashian, A., Abe, N., Abe, R., Abe, T., Abrams, G. S., Adam, I., Adamczyk, K., Adametz, A., Adye, T., Agarwal, A., Ahmed, H., Ahmed, M., Ahmed, S., Ahn, B. S., Ahn, H. S., Aitchison, I. J. R., Akai, K., Akar, S., Akatsu, M., Akemoto, M., Akhmetshin, R., Akre, R., Alam, M. S., Albert, J. N., Aleksan, R., Alexander, J. P., Alimonti, G., Allen, M. T., Allison, J., Allmendinger, T., Alsmiller, J. R. G., Altenburg, D., Alwyn, K. E., An, Q., Anderson, J., Andreassen, R., Andreotti, D., Andreotti, M., Andress, J. C., Angelini, C., Anipko, D., Anjomshoaa, A., Anthony, P. L., Antillon, E. A., Antonioli, E., Aoki, K., Arguin, J. F., Arinstein, K., Arisaka, K., Asai, K., Asai, M., Asano, Y., Asgeirsson, D. J., Asner, D. M., Aso, T., Aspinwall, M. L., Aston, D., Atmacan, H., Aubert, B., Aulchenko, V., Ayad, R., Azemoon, T., Aziz, T., Azzolini, V., Azzopardi, D. E., Baak, M. A., Back, J. J., Bagnasco, S., Bahinipati, S., Bailey, D. S., Bailey, S., Bailly, P., van Bakel, N., Bakich, A. M., Bala, A., Balagura, V., Baldini-Ferroli, R., Ban, Y., Banas, E., Band, H. R., Banerjee, S., Baracchini, E., Barate, R., Barberio, E., Barbero, M., Bard, D. J., Barillari, T., Barlow, N. R., Barlow, R. J., Barrett, M., Bartel, W., Bartelt, J., Bartoldus, R., Batignani, G., Battaglia, M., Bauer, J. M., Bay, A., Beaulieu, M., Bechtle, P., Beck, T. W., Becker, J., Becla, J., Bedny, I., Behari, S., Behera, P. K., Behn, E., Behr, L., Beigbeder, C., Beiline, D., Bell, R., Bellini, F., Bellodi, G., Belous, K., Benayoun, M., Benelli, G., Benitez, J. F., Benkebil, M., Berger, N., Bernabeu, J., Bernard, D., Bernet, R., Bernlochner, F. U., Berryhill, J. W., Bertsche, K., Besson, P., Best, D. S., Bettarini, S., Bettoni, D., Bhardwaj, V., Bhimji, W., Bhuyan, B., Biagini, M. E., Biasini, M., van Bibber, K., Biesiada, J., Bingham, I., Bionta, R. M., Bischofberger, M., Bitenc, U., Bizjak, I., Blanc, F., Blaylock, G., Blinov, V. E., Bloom, E., Bloom, P. C., Blount, N. L., Blouw, J., Bly, M., Blyth, S., Boeheim, C. T., Bomben, M., Bondar, A., Bondioli, M., Bonneaud, G. R., Bonvicini, G., Booke, M., Booth, J., Borean, C., Borgland, A. W., Borsato, E., Bosi, F., Bosisio, L., Botov, A. A., Bougher, J., Bouldin, K., Bourgeois, P., Boutigny, D., Bowerman, D. A., Boyarski, A. M., Boyce, R. F., Boyd, J. T., Bozek, A., Bozzi, C., Bračko, M., Brandenburg, G., Brandt, T., Brau, B., Brau, J., Breon, A. B., Breton, D., Brew, C., Briand, H., Bright-Thomas, P. G., Brigljević, V., Britton, D. I., Brochard, F., Broomer, B., Brose, J., Browder, T. E., Brown, C. L., Brown, C. M., Brown, D. N., Browne, M., Bruinsma, M., Brunet, S., Bucci, F., Buchanan, C., Buchmueller, O. L., Bünger, C., Bugg, W., Bukin, A. D., Bula, R., Bulten, H., Burchat, P. R., Burgess, W., Burke, J. P., Button-Shafer, J., Buzykaev, A. R., Buzzo, A., Cai, Y., Calabrese, R., Calcaterra, A., Calderini, G., Camanzi, B., Campagna, E., Campagnari, C., Capra, R., Carassiti, V., Carpinelli, M., Carroll, M., Casarosa, G., Casey, B. C. K., Cason, N. M., Castelli, G., Cavallo, N., Cavoto, G., Cecchi, A., Cenci, R., Cerizza, G., Cervelli, A., Ceseracciu, A., Chai, X., Chaisanguanthum, K. S., Chang, M. C., Chang, Y. H., Chang, Y. W., Chao, D. S., Chao, M., Chao, Y., Charles, E., Chavez, C. A., Cheaib, R., Chekelian, V., Chen, A., Chen, E., Chen, G. P., Chen, H. F., Chen, J. -H., Chen, J. C., Chen, K. F., Chen, P., Chen, S., Chen, W. T., Chen, X., Chen, X. R., Chen, Y. Q., Cheng, B., Cheon, B. G., Chevalier, N., Chia, Y. M., Chidzik, S., Chilikin, K., Chistiakova, M. V., Cizeron, R., Cho, I. S., Cho, K., Chobanova, V., Choi, H. H. F., Choi, K. S., Choi, S. K., Choi, Y., Choi, Y. K., Christ, S., Chu, P. H., Chun, S., Chuvikov, A., Cibinetto, G., Cinabro, D., Clark, A. R., Clark, P. J., Clarke, C. K., Claus, R., Claxton, B., Clifton, Z. C., Cochran, J., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Cohn, H., Colberg, T., Cole, S., Colecchia, F., Condurache, C., Contri, R., Convert, P., Convery, M. R., Cooke, P., Copty, N., Cormack, C. M., Corso, F. Dal, Corwin, L. A., Cossutti, F., Cote, D., Ramusino, A. Cotta, Cottingham, W. N., Couderc, F., Coupal, D. P., Covarelli, R., Cowan, G., Craddock, W. W., Crane, G., Crawley, H. B., Cremaldi, L., Crescente, A., Cristinziani, M., Crnkovic, J., Crosetti, G., Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T., Cunha, A., Curry, S., D'Orazio, A., Dû, S., Dahlinger, G., Dahmes, B., Dallapiccola, C., Danielson, N., Danilov, M., Das, A., Dash, M., Dasu, S., Datta, M., Daudo, F., Dauncey, P. D., David, P., Davis, C. L., Day, C. T., De Mori, F., De Domenico, G., De Groot, N., De la Vaissière, C., de la Vaissière, Ch., de Lesquen, A., De Nardo, G., de Sangro, R., De Silva, A., DeBarger, S., Decker, F. J., Sanchez, P. del Amo, Del Buono, L., Del Gamba, V., del Re, D., Della Ricca, G., Denig, A. G., Derkach, D., Derrington, I. M., DeStaebler, H., Destree, J., Devmal, S., Dey, B., Di Girolamo, B., Di Marco, E., Dickopp, M., Dima, M. O., Dittrich, S., Dittongo, S., Dixon, P., Dneprovsky, L., Dohou, F., Doi, Y., Doležal, Z., Doll, D. A., Donald, M., Dong, L., Dong, L. Y., Dorfan, J., Dorigo, A., Dorsten, M. P., Dowd, R., Dowdell, J., Drásal, Z., Dragic, J., Drummond, B. W., Dubitzky, R. S., Dubois-Felsmann, G. P., Dubrovin, M. S., Duh, Y. C., Duh, Y. T., Dujmic, D., Dungel, W., Dunwoodie, W., Dutta, D., Dvoretskii, A., Dyce, N., Ebert, M., Eckhart, E. A., Ecklund, S., Eckmann, R., Eckstein, P., Edgar, C. L., Edwards, A. J., Egede, U., Eichenbaum, A. M., Elmer, P., Emery, S., Enari, Y., Enomoto, R., Erdos, E., Erickson, R., Ernst, J. A., Erwin, R. J., Escalier, M., Eschenburg, V., Eschrich, I., Esen, S., Esteve, L., Evangelisti, F., Everton, C. W., Eyges, V., Fabby, C., Fabozzi, F., Fahey, S., Falbo, M., Fan, S., Fang, F., Fanin, C., Farbin, A., Farhat, H., Fast, J. E., Feindt, M., Fella, A., Feltresi, E., Ferber, T., Fernholz, R. E., Ferrag, S., Ferrarotto, F., Ferroni, F., Field, R. C., Filippi, A., Finocchiaro, G., Fioravanti, E., da Costa, J. Firmino, Fischer, P. -A., Fisher, A., Fisher, P. H., Flacco, C. J., Flack, R. L., Flaecher, H. U., Flanagan, J., Flanigan, J. M., Ford, K. E., Ford, W. T., Forster, I. J., Forti, A. C., Forti, F., Fortin, D., Foster, B., Foulkes, S. D., Fouque, G., Fox, J., Franchini, P., Sevilla, M. Franco, Franek, B., Frank, E. D., Fransham, K. B., Fratina, S., Fratini, K., Frey, A., Frey, R., Friedl, M., Fritsch, M., Fry, J. R., Fujii, H., Fujikawa, M., Fujita, Y., Fujiyama, Y., Fukunaga, C., Fukushima, M., Fullwood, J., Funahashi, Y., Funakoshi, Y., Furano, F., Furman, M., Furukawa, K., Futterschneider, H., Gabathuler, E., Gabriel, T. A., Gabyshev, N., Gaede, F., Gagliardi, N., Gaidot, A., Gaillard, J. -M., Gaillard, J. R., Galagedera, S., Galeazzi, F., Gallo, F., Gamba, D., Gamet, R., Gan, K. K., Gandini, P., Ganguly, S., Ganzhur, S. F., Gao, Y. Y., Gaponenko, I., Garmash, A., Tico, J. Garra, Garzia, I., Gaspero, M., Gastaldi, F., Gatto, C., Gaur, V., Geddes, N. I., Geld, T. L., Genat, J. -F., George, K. A., George, M., George, S., Georgette, Z., Gershon, T. J., Gill, M. S., Gillard, R., Gilman, J. D., Giordano, F., Giorgi, M. A., Giraud, P. -F., Gladney, L., Glanzman, T., Glattauer, R., Go, A., Goetzen, K., Goh, Y. M., Gokhroo, G., Goldenzweig, P., Golubev, V. B., Gopal, G. P., Gordon, A., Gorišek, A., Goriletsky, V. I., Gorodeisky, R., Gosset, L., Gotow, K., Gowdy, S. 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M., Zhulanov, V., Ziegler, T., Ziegler, V., Zioulas, G., Zisman, M., Zito, M., Zürcher, D., Zwahlen, N., Zyukova, O., Živko, T., and Žontar, D.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: This work is on the Physics of the B Factories. Part A of this book contains a brief description of the SLAC and KEK B Factories as well as their detectors, BaBar and Belle, and data taking related issues. Part B discusses tools and methods used by the experiments in order to obtain results. The results themselves can be found in Part C. Please note that version 3 on the archive is the auxiliary version of the Physics of the B Factories book. This uses the notation alpha, beta, gamma for the angles of the Unitarity Triangle. The nominal version uses the notation phi_1, phi_2 and phi_3. Please cite this work as Eur. Phys. J. C74 (2014) 3026., Comment: 928 pages, version 3 (arXiv:1406.6311v3) corresponds to the alpha, beta, gamma version of the book, the other versions use the phi1, phi2, phi3 notation
Published: 2014
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27. Future Directions in the Microwave Cavity Search for Dark Matter Axions

Author: Shokair, T. M., Root, J., Van Bibber, K. A., Brubaker, B., Gurevich, Y. V., Cahn, S. B., Lamoreaux, S. K., Anil, M. A., Lehnert, K. W., Mitchell, B. K., Reed, A., and Carosi, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The axion is a light pseudoscalar particle which suppresses CP-violating effects in strong interactions and also happens to be an excellent dark matter candidate. Axions constituting the dark matter halo of our galaxy may be detected by their resonant conversion to photons in a microwave cavity permeated by a magnetic field. The current generation of the microwave cavity experiment has demonstrated sensitivity to plausible axion models, and upgrades in progress should achieve the sensitivity required for a definitive search, at least for low mass axions. However, a comprehensive strategy for scanning the entire mass range, from 1-1000 $\mu$eV, will require significant technological advances to maintain the needed sensitivity at higher frequencies. Such advances could include sub-quantum-limited amplifiers based on squeezed vacuum states, bolometers, and/or superconducting microwave cavities. The Axion Dark Matter eXperiment at High Frequencies (ADMX-HF) represents both a pathfinder for first data in the 20-100 $\mu$eV range ($\sim$5-25 GHz), and an innovation test-bed for these concepts.
Published: 2014
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28. Planning the Future of U.S. Particle Physics (Snowmass 2013): Chapter 8: Instrumentation Frontier

Author: Demarteau, M., Lipton, R., Nicholson, H., Shipsey, I., Akerib, D., Albayrak-Yetkin, A., Alexander, J., Anderson, J., Artuso, M., Asner, D., Ball, R., Battaglia, M., Bebek, C., Beene, J., Benhammou, Y., Bentefour, E., Bergevin, M., Bernstein, A., Bilki, B., Blucher, E., Bolla, G., Bortoletto, D., Bowden, N., Brooijmans, G., Byrum, K., Cabrera, B., Cancelo, G., Carlstrom, J., Casey, B., Chang, C., Chapman, J., Chen, C. H., Childres, I., Christian, D., Convery, M., Corso, W. Cooper J., Cumalat, J., Cushman, P., Da Via, C., Dazeley, S., Debbins, P., Deptuch, G., Dhawan, S., Di Benedetto, V., DiGiovene, B., Djurcic, Z., Dye, S., Elagin, A., Estrada, J., Evans, H., Etzion, E., Fast, J., Ferretti, C., Fisher, P., Fleming, B., Francis, K., Friedman, P., Frisch, H., Garcia-Sciveres, M., Gatto, C., Geronim, G., Gilchriese, G., Golwala, S., Grant, C., Grillo, A., Grünendahl, E., Gorham, P., Guan, L., Gutierrez, G., Haber, C., Hall, J., Haller, G., Hast, C., Heintz, U., Hemmick, T., Hitlin, D. G., Hogan, C., Hohlmann, M., Hoppe, E., Hsu, L., Huffer, M., Irwin, K., Izraelevitch, F., Jennings, G., Johnson, M., Jung, A., Kagan, H., Kenney, C., Kettell, S., Khanna, R., Khristenko, V., Krennrich, F., Kuehn, K., Kutschke, R., Learned, J., Lee, A. T., Levin, D., Liu, T., Liu, A. T. K., Lissauer, D., Love, J., Lynn, D., MacFarlane, D., Magill, S., Majewski, S., Mans, J., Maricic, J., Marleau, P., Mazzacane, A., McKinsey, D., Mehl, J., Mestvirisvilli, A., Meyer, S., Mokhov, N., Moshe, M., Mukherjee, A., Murat, P., Nahn, S., Narain, M., Nadel-Turonski, P., Newcomer, M., Nishimura, K., Nygren, D., Oberla, E., Onel, Y., Oreglia, M., Orrell, J., Paley, J., Para, A., Parker, S., Polychronakos, V., Pordes, S., Privitera, P., Prosser, A., Pyle, M., Raaf, J., Ramberg, E., Rameika, R., Rebel, B., Repond, J., Reyna, D., Ristori, L., Rivera, R., Ronzhin, A., Rusack, R., Russ, J., Ryd, A., Sadrozinski, H., Sahoo, H., Sanchez, M. C., Sanzeni, C., Schnetzer, S., Seidel, S., Seiden, A., Schmidt, I., Shenai, A., Shutt, T., Silver, Y., Smith, W., Snowden-Ifft, D., Sonnenschein, A., Southwick, D., Spiegel, L., Stanitzki, M., Striganov, S., Su, D., Sumner, R., Svoboda, R., Sweany, M., Talaga, R., Tayloe, R., Tentindo, S., Terentiev, N., Thom-Levy, J., Thorn, C., Tiffenberg, J., Trischuk, W., Tschirhart, R., Turner, M., Underwood, D., Uplegger, L., Urheim, J., Vagins, M., Van Bibber, K., Varner, G., Varner, R., Va'vra, J., Von der Lippe, H., Wagner, R., Wagner, S., Weaverdyck, C., Wenzel, H., Weinstein, A., Wetstein, M., White, A., Wigman, R., Wilson, P., Winn, D., Winter, P., Woody, C., Xia, L., Xie, J. Q., Ye, Z., Yeh, M. F., Yetkin, T., Yoo, J. H., Yu, J., Yu, J. M., Zeller, S., Zhang, J. L., Zhu, J. J., Zhou, B., Zhu, R. Y., and Zitzer, B.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: These reports present the results of the 2013 Community Summer Study of the APS Division of Particles and Fields ("Snowmass 2013") on the future program of particle physics in the U.S. Chapter 8, on the Instrumentation Frontier, discusses the instrumentation needs of future experiments in the Energy, Intensity, and Cosmic Frontiers, promising new technologies for particle physics research, and issues of gathering resources for long-term research in this area., Comment: 50 pages
Published: 2014

29. Conceptual Design of the International Axion Observatory (IAXO)

Author: Armengaud, E., Avignone, F. T., Betz, M., Brax, P., Brun, P., Cantatore, G., Carmona, J. M., Carosi, G. P., Caspers, F., Caspi, S., Cetin, S. A., Chelouche, D., Christensen, F. E., Dael, A., Dafni, T., Davenport, M., Derbin, A. V., Desch, K., Diago, A., Döbrich, B., Dratchnev, I., Dudarev, A., Eleftheriadis, C., Fanourakis, G., Ferrer-Ribas, E., Galán, J., García, J. A., Garza, J. G., Geralis, T., Gimeno, B., Giomataris, I., Gninenko, S., Gómez, H., González-Díaz, D., Guendelman, E., Hailey, C. J., Hiramatsu, T., Hoffmann, D. H. H., Horns, D., Iguaz, F. J., Irastorza, I. G., Isern, J., Imai, K., Jakobsen, A. C., Jaeckel, J., Jakovčić, K., Kaminski, J., Kawasaki, M., Karuza, M., Krčmar, M., Kousouris, K., Krieger, C., Lakić, B., Limousin, O., Lindner, A., Liolios, A., Luzón, G., Matsuki, S., Muratova, V. N., Nones, C., Ortega, I., Papaevangelou, T., Pivovaroff, M. J., Raffelt, G., Redondo, J., Ringwald, A., Russenschuck, S., Ruz, J., Saikawa, K., Savvidis, I., Sekiguchi, T., Semertzidis, Y. K., Shilon, I., Sikivie, P., Silva, H., Kate, H. ten, Tomas, A., Troitsky, S., Vafeiadis, T., van Bibber, K., Vedrine, P., Villar, J. A., Vogel, J. K., Walckiers, L., Weltman, A., Wester, W., Yildiz, S. C., and Zioutas, K.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The International Axion Observatory (IAXO) will be a forth generation axion helioscope. As its primary physics goal, IAXO will look for axions or axion-like particles (ALPs) originating in the Sun via the Primakoff conversion of the solar plasma photons. In terms of signal-to-noise ratio, IAXO will be about 4-5 orders of magnitude more sensitive than CAST, currently the most powerful axion helioscope, reaching sensitivity to axion-photon couplings down to a few $\times 10^{-12}$ GeV$^{-1}$ and thus probing a large fraction of the currently unexplored axion and ALP parameter space. IAXO will also be sensitive to solar axions produced by mechanisms mediated by the axion-electron coupling $g_{ae}$ with sensitivity $-$for the first time$-$ to values of $g_{ae}$ not previously excluded by astrophysics. With several other possible physics cases, IAXO has the potential to serve as a multi-purpose facility for generic axion and ALP research in the next decade. In this paper we present the conceptual design of IAXO, which follows the layout of an enhanced axion helioscope, based on a purpose-built 20m-long 8-coils toroidal superconducting magnet. All the eight 60cm-diameter magnet bores are equipped with focusing x-ray optics, able to focus the signal photons into $\sim 0.2$ cm$^2$ spots that are imaged by ultra-low-background Micromegas x-ray detectors. The magnet is built into a structure with elevation and azimuth drives that will allow for solar tracking for $\sim$12 h each day., Comment: 47 pages, submitted to JINST
Published: 2014
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30. Neutrinos

Author: de Gouvea, A., Pitts, K., Scholberg, K., Zeller, G. P., Alonso, J., Bernstein, A., Bishai, M., Elliott, S., Heeger, K., Hoffman, K., Huber, P., Kaufman, L. J., Kayser, B., Link, J., Lunardini, C., Monreal, B., Morfin, J. G., Robertson, H., Tayloe, R., Tolich, N., Abazajian, K., Akiri, T., Albright, C., Asaadi, J., Babu, K. S, Balantekin, A. B., Barbeau, P., Bass, M., Blake, A., Blondel, A., Blucher, E., Bowden, N., Brice, S. J., Bross, A., Carls, B., Cavanna, F., Choudhary, B., Coloma, P., Connolly, A., Conrad, J., Convery, M., Cooper, R. L., Cowen, D., da Motta, H., de Young, T., Di Lodovico, F., Diwan, M., Djurcic, Z., Dracos, M., Dodelson, S., Efremenko, Y., Ekelof, T., Feng, J. L., Fleming, B., Formaggio, J., Friedland, A., Fuller, G., Gallagher, H., Geer, S., Gilchriese, M., Goodman, M., Grant, D., Gratta, G., Hall, C., Halzen, F., Harris, D., Heffner, M., Henning, R., Hewett, J. L., Hill, R., Himmel, A., Horton-Smith, G., Karle, A., Katori, T., Kearns, E., Kettell, S., Klein, J., Kim, Y., Kim, Y. K., Kolomensky, Yu., Kordosky, M., Kudenko, Yu., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Lande, K., Lang, K., Lanza, R., Lau, K., Lee, H., Li, Z., Littlejohn, B. R., Lin, C. J., Liu, D., Liu, H., Long, K., Louis, W., Luk, K. B., Marciano, W., Mariani, C., Marshak, M., Mauger, C., McDonald, K. T., McFarland, K., McKeown, R., Messier, M., Mishra, S. R., Mosel, U., Mumm, P., Nakaya, T., Nelson, J. K., Nygren, D., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Osta, J., Palamara, O., Paley, J., Papadimitriou, V., Parke, S., Parsa, Z., Patterson, R., Piepke, A., Plunkett, R., Poon, A., Qian, X., Raaf, J., Rameika, R., Ramsey-Musolf, M., Rebel, B., Roser, R., Rosner, J., Rott, C., Rybka, G., Sahoo, H., Sangiorgio, S., Schmitz, D., Shrock, R., Shaevitz, M., Smith, N., Smy, M., Sobel, H., Sorensen, P., Sousa, A., Spitz, J., Strauss, T., Svoboda, R., Tanaka, H. A., Thomas, J., Tian, X., Tschirhart, R., Tully, C., Van Bibber, K., Van de Water, R. G., Vahle, P., Vogel, P., Walter, C. W., Wark, D., Wascko, M., Webber, D., Weerts, H., White, C., White, H., Whitehead, L., Wilson, R. J., Winslow, L., Wongjirad, T, Worcester, E., Yokoyama, M., Yoo, J., and Zimmerman, E. D.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: This document represents the response of the Intensity Frontier Neutrino Working Group to the Snowmass charge. We summarize the current status of neutrino physics and identify many exciting future opportunities for studying the properties of neutrinos and for addressing important physics and astrophysics questions with neutrinos., Comment: Report of the Community Summer Study 2013 (Snowmass) Intensity Frontier Neutrino Working Group
Published: 2013

31. CAST solar axion search with 3^He buffer gas: Closing the hot dark matter gap

Author: Arik, M., Aune, S., Barth, K., Belov, A., Borghi, S., Brauninger, H., Cantatore, G., Carmona, J. M., Cetin, S. A., Collar, J. I., Da Riva, E., Dafni, T., Davenport, M., Eleftheriadis, C., Elias, N., Fanourakis, G., Ferrer-Ribas, E., Friedrich, P., Galan, J., Garcia, J. A., Gardikiotis, A., Garza, J. G., Gazis, E. N., Geralis, T., Georgiopoulou, E., Giomataris, I., Gninenko, S., Gomez, H., Marzoa, M. Gomez, Gruber, E., Guthorl, T., Hartmann, R., Hauf, S., Haug, F., Hasinoff, M. D., Hoffmann, D. H. H., Iguaz, F. J., Irastorza, I. G., Jacoby, J., Jakovcic, K., Karuza, M., Konigsmann, K., Kotthaus, R., Krcmar, M., Kuster, M., Lakic, B., Lang, P. M., Laurent, J. M., Liolios, A., Ljubicic, A., Lozza, V., Luzon, G., Neff, S., Niinikoski, T., Nordt, A., Papaevangelou, T., Pivovaroff, M. J., Raffelt, G., Riege, H., Rodriguez, A., Rosu, M., Ruz, J., Savvidis, I., Shilon, I., Silva, P. S., Solanki, S. K., Stewart, L., Tomas, A., Tsagri, M., van Bibber, K., Vafeiadis, T., Villar, J., Vogel, J. K., Yildiz, S. C., and Zioutas, K.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The CERN Axion Solar Telescope (CAST) has finished its search for solar axions with 3^He buffer gas, covering the search range 0.64 eV < m_a <1.17 eV. This closes the gap to the cosmological hot dark matter limit and actually overlaps with it. From the absence of excess X-rays when the magnet was pointing to the Sun we set a typical upper limit on the axion-photon coupling of g_ag < 3.3 x 10^{-10} GeV^{-1} at 95% CL, with the exact value depending on the pressure setting. Future direct solar axion searches will focus on increasing the sensitivity to smaller values of g_a, for example by the currently discussed next generation helioscope IAXO., Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures. Last version uploaded
Published: 2013
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32. Analysis of single-photon and linear amplifier detectors for microwave cavity dark matter axion searches

Author: Lamoreaux, S. K., van Bibber, K. A., Lehnert, K. W., and Carosi, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Quantum Physics
Abstract: We show that at higher frequencies, and thus higher axion masses, single-photon detectors become competitive and ultimately favored, when compared to quantum-limited linear amplifiers, as the detector technology in microwave cavity experimental searches for galactic halo dark matter axions. The cross-over point in this comparison is of order 10 GHz ($\sim 40\ \mu$eV), not far above the frequencies of current searches., Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure new version address comments received
Published: 2013
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33. CAST constraints on the axion-electron coupling

Author: Barth, K., Belov, A., Beltran, B., Brauninger, H., Carmona, J. M., Collar, J. I., Dafni, T., Davenport, M., Di Lella, L., Eleftheriadis, C., Englhauser, J., Fanourakis, G., Ribas, E. Ferrer, Fischer, H., Franz, J., Friedrich, P., Galan, J., Garcia, J. A., Geralis, T., Giomataris, I., Gninenko, S., Gomez, H., Hassinoff, M. D., Heinsius, F. H., Hoffmann, D. H. H., Irastorza, I. G., Jacoby, J., Jakovcic, K., Kang, D., Konigsmann, K., Kotthaus, R., Kousouris, K., Krcmar, M., Kuster, M., Lakic, B., Liolios, A., Ljubicic, A., Lutz, G., Luzon, G., Miller, D. W., Papaevangelou, T., Pivovaroff, M. J., Raffelt, G., Redondo, J., Riege, H., Rodriguez, A., Ruz, J., Savvidis, I., Semertzidis, Y., Stewart, L., Van Bibber, K., Vieira, J. D., Villar, J. A., Vogel, J. K., Walckiers, L., and Zioutas, K.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: In non-hadronic axion models, which have a tree-level axion-electron interaction, the Sun produces a strong axion flux by bremsstrahlung, Compton scattering, and axio-recombination, the "BCA processes." Based on a new calculation of this flux, including for the first time axio-recombination, we derive limits on the axion-electron Yukawa coupling g_ae and axion-photon interaction strength g_ag using the CAST phase-I data (vacuum phase). For m_a < 10 meV/c2 we find g_ag x g_ae< 8.1 x 10^-23 GeV^-1 at 95% CL. We stress that a next-generation axion helioscope such as the proposed IAXO could push this sensitivity into a range beyond stellar energy-loss limits and test the hypothesis that white-dwarf cooling is dominated by axion emission.
Published: 2013
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34. IAXO - The International Axion Observatory

Author: Vogel, J. K., Avignone, F. T., Cantatore, G., Carmona, J. M., Caspi, S., Cetin, S. A., Christensen, F. E., Dael, A., Dafni, T., Davenport, M., Derbin, A. V., Desch, K., Diago, A., Dudarev, A., Eleftheriadis, C., Fanourakis, G., Ferrer-Ribas, E., Galan, J., Garcia, J. A., Garza, J. G., Geralis, T., Gimeno, B., Giomataris, I., Gninenko, S., Gomez, H., Hailey, C. J., Hiramatsu, T., Hoffmann, D. H. H., Iguaz, F. J., Irastorza, I. G., Isern, J., Jaeckel, J., Jakovcic, K., Kaminski, J., Kawasaki, M., Krcmar, M., Krieger, C., Lakic, B., Lindner, A., Liolios, A., Luzon, G., Ortega, I., Papaevangelou, T., Pivovaroff, M. J., Raffelt, G., Redondo, J., Ringwald, A., Russenschuck, S., Ruz, J., Saikawa, K., Savvidis, I., Sekiguchi, T., Shilon, I., Silva, H., Kate, H. H. J. ten, Tomas, A., Troitsky, S., van Bibber, K., Vedrine, P., Villar, J. A., Walckiers, L., Wester, W., Yildiz, S. C., and Zioutas, K.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The International Axion Observatory (IAXO) is a next generation axion helioscope aiming at a sensitivity to the axion-photon coupling of a few 10^{-12} GeV^{-1}, i.e. 1-1.5 orders of magnitude beyond sensitivities achieved by the currently most sensitive axion helioscope, the CERN Axion Solar Telescope (CAST). Crucial factors in improving the sensitivity for IAXO are the increase of the magnetic field volume together with the extensive use of x-ray focusing optics and low background detectors, innovations already successfully tested at CAST. Electron-coupled axions invoked to explain the white dwarf cooling, relic axions, and a large variety of more generic axion-like particles (ALPs) along with other novel excitations at the low-energy frontier of elementary particle physics could provide additional physics motivation for IAXO., Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure, Contribution to the 8th Patras Workshop on Axions, WIMPs and WISPs, Chicago, IL, USA, 2012
Published: 2013

35. Results and perspectives of the solar axion search with the CAST experiment

Author: Ferrer-Ribas, E., Arik, M., Aune, S., Barth, K., Belov, A., Borghi, S., Bräuninger, H., Cantatore, G., Carmona, J. M., Cetin, S. A., Collar, J. I., Dafni, T., Davenport, M., Eleftheriadis, C., Elias, N., Ezer, C., Fanourakis, G., Friedrich, P., Galán, J., García, J. A., Gardikiotis, A., Garza, J. G., Gazis, E. N., Geralis, T., Giomataris, I., Gninenko, S., Gómez, H., Gruber, E., Guthörl, T., Hartmann, R., Haug, F., Hasinoff, M. D., Hoffmann, D. H. H., Iguaz, F. J., Irastorza, I. G., Jacoby, J., Jakovčić, K., Karuza, M., Königsmann, K., Kotthaus, R., Krčmar, M., Kuster, M., Lakić, B., Laurent, J. M., Liolios, A., Ljubičić, A., Lozza, V., Lutz, G., Luzón, G., Morales, J., Niinikoski, T., Nordt, A., Papaevangelou, T., Pivovaroff, M. J., Raffelt, G., Rashba, T., Riege, H., Rodríguez, A., Rosu, M., Ruz, J., Savvidis, I., Silva, P. S., Solanki, S. K., Stewart, L., Tomás, A., Tsagri, M., van Bibber, K., Vafeiadis, T., Villar, J., Vogel, J. K., Yildiz, S. C., and Zioutas, K.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The status of the solar axion search with the CERN Axion Solar Telescope (CAST) will be presented. Recent results obtained by the use of $^3$He as a buffer gas has allowed us to extend our sensitivity to higher axion masses than our previous measurements with $^4$He. With about 1 h of data taking at each of 252 different pressure settings we have scanned the axion mass range 0.39 eV$ \le m_{a} \le $ 0.64 eV. From the absence of an excess of x rays when the magnet was pointing to the Sun we set a typical upper limit on the axion-photon coupling of g$_{a\gamma} \le 2.3\times 10^{-10}$ GeV$^{-1}$ at 95% C.L., the exact value depending on the pressure setting. CAST published results represent the best experimental limit on the photon couplings to axions and other similar exotic particles dubbed WISPs (Weakly Interacting Slim Particles) in the considered mass range and for the first time the limit enters the region favored by QCD axion models. Preliminary sensitivities for axion masses up to 1.16 eV will also be shown reaching mean upper limits on the axion-photon coupling of g$_{a\gamma} \le 3.5\times 10^{-10}$ GeV$^{-1}$ at 95% C.L. Expected sensibilities for the extension of the CAST program up to 2014 will be presented. Moreover long term options for a new helioscope experiment will be evoked., Comment: 4 pages, 2 pages, to appear in the proceedings of the 24th Rencontres de Blois V2 A few affiliations were not corrected in previous version V3 Author added
Published: 2012

36. X-Ray Searches for Solar Axions

Author: Hudson, Hugh S., Acton, L. W., DeLuca, E., Hannah, I. G., Reardon, K., and Van Bibber, K.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Axions generated thermally in the solar core can convert nearly directly to X-rays as they pass through the solar atmosphere via interaction with the magnetic field. The result of this conversion process would be a diffuse centrally-concentrated source of few-keV X-rays at disk center; it would have a known dimension, of order 10% of the solar diameter, and a spectral distribution resembling the blackbody spectrum of the solar core. Its spatial structure in detail would depend on the distribution of mass and field in the solar atmosphere. The brightness of the source depends upon these factors as well as the unknown coupling constant and the unknown mass of the axion; this particle is hypothetical and no firm evidence for its existence has been found yet. We describe the solar magnetic environment as an axion/photon converter and discuss the upper limits obtained by existing and dedicated observations from three solar X-ray observatories: Yohkoh, RHESSI, and Hinode, Comment: Published in "4th Hinode Science Meeting: Unsolved Problems and Recent Insights," edited by L. R. Bellot Rubio, F. Reale, and M. Carlsson
Published: 2012

37. The International Axion Observatory (IAXO)

Author: Irastorza, I. G., Avignone, F. T., Cantatore, G., Caspi, S., Carmona, J. M., Dafni, T., Davenport, M., Dudarev, A., Fanourakis, G., Ferrer-Ribas, E., Galan, J., Garcia, J. A., Geralis, T., Giomataris, I., Gninenko, S., Gomez, H., Hoffmann, D. H. H., Iguaz, F. J., Jakovcic, K., Krcmar, M., Lakic, B., Luzon, G., Lindner, A., Pivovaroff, M., Papaevangelou, T., Raffelt, G., Redondo, J., Rodrıguez, A., Russenschuck, S., Ruz, J., Shilon, I., Kate, H. Ten, Tomas, A., Troitsky, S., van Bibber, K., Villar, J. A., Vogel, J., Walckiers, L., and Zioutas, K.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The International Axion Observatory (IAXO) is a new generation axion helioscope aiming at a sensitivity to the axion-photon coupling of a few 10$^{12}$ GeV$^{-1}$, i.e. 1 - 1.5 orders of magnitude beyond the one currently achieved by CAST. The project relies on improvements in magnetic field volume together with extensive use of x-ray focusing optics and low background detectors, innovations already successfully tested in CAST. Additional physics cases of IAXO could include the detection of electron-coupled axions invoked to solve the white dwarfs anomaly, relic axions, and a large variety of more generic axion-like particles (ALPs) and other novel excitations at the low-energy frontier of elementary particle physics. This contribution is a summary of our paper [1] to which we refer for further details., Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures. To appear in the proceedings of the 7th Patras Workshop on Axions, WIMPs and WISPs, Mykonos, Greece, 2011
Published: 2012

38. A search for non-virialized axionic dark matter

Author: Hoskins, J., Hwang, J., Martin, C., Sikivie, P., Sullivan, N. S., Tanner, D. B., Hotz, M., Rosenberg, L. J, Rybka, G., Wagner, A., Asztalos, S. J., Carosi, G., Hagmann, C., Kinion, D., van Bibber, K., Bradley, R., and Clarke, J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Cold dark matter in the Milky Way halo may have structure defined by flows with low velocity dispersion. The Axion Dark Matter eXperiment high resolution channel is especially sensitive to axions in such low velocity dispersion flows. Results from a combined power spectra analysis of the high resolution channel axion search are presented along with a discussion of the assumptions underlying such an analysis. We exclude KSVZ axion dark matter densities of {\rho} > 0.2 GeV/cm^3 and DFSZ densities of {\rho} > 1.4 GeV/cm^3 over a mass range of m_a = 3.3{\mu}eV to 3.69{\mu}eV for models having velocity dispersions of {\Delta}{\beta} < 3x10^-6., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, Accepted to be published in PRD Rapid Communications
Published: 2011
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39. CAST search for sub-eV mass solar axions with 3He buffer gas

Author: Arik, M., Aune, S., Barth, K., Belov, A., Borghi, S., Bräuninger, H., Cantatore, G., Carmona, J. M., Cetin, S. A., Collar, J. I., Dafni, T., Davenport, M., Eleftheriadis, C., Elias, N., Ezer, C., Fanourakis, G., Ferrer-Ribas, E., Friedrich, P., Galán, J., García, J. A., Gardikiotis, A., Gazis, E. N., Geralis, T., Giomataris, I., Gninenko, S., Gómez, H., Gruber, E., Guthörl, T., Hartmann, R., Haug, F., Hasinoff, M. D., Hoffmann, D. H. H., Iguaz, F. J., Irastorza, I. G., Jacoby, J., Jakovčić, K., Karuza, M., Königsmann, K., Kotthaus, R., Krčmar, M., Kuster, M., Lakić, B., Laurent, J. M., Liolios, A., Ljubičić, A., Lozza, V., Lutz, G., Luzón, G., Morales, J., Niinikoski, T., Nordt, A., Papaevangelou, T., Pivovaroff, M. J., Raffelt, G., Rashba, T., Riege, H., Rodríguez, A., Rosu, M., Ruz, J., Savvidis, I., Silva, P. S., Solanki, S. K., Stewart, L., Tomás, A., Tsagri, M., van Bibber, K., Vafeiadis, T., Villar, J., Vogel, J. K., Yildiz, S. C., and Zioutas, K.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The CERN Axion Solar Telescope (CAST) has extended its search for solar axions by using 3He as a buffer gas. At T=1.8 K this allows for larger pressure settings and hence sensitivity to higher axion masses than our previous measurements with 4He. With about 1 h of data taking at each of 252 different pressure settings we have scanned the axion mass range 0.39 eV < m_a < 0.64 eV. From the absence of excess X-rays when the magnet was pointing to the Sun we set a typical upper limit on the axion-photon coupling of g_ag < 2.3 x 10^{-10} GeV^{-1} at 95% CL, the exact value depending on the pressure setting. KSVZ axions are excluded at the upper end of our mass range, the first time ever for any solar axion search. In future we will extend our search to m_a < 1.15 eV, comfortably overlapping with cosmological hot dark matter bounds., Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, updated author list, revised arguments, results unchanged
Published: 2011
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40. Move of a large but delicate apparatus on a trailer with air-ride suspension

Author: Thomas, B., Will, D., Heilman, J., Tracy, K., Hotz, M., Lyapustin, D., Rosenberg, L. J, Rybka, G., Wagner, A., Hoskins, J., Martin, C., Sullivan, N. S., Tanner, D. B., Asztalos, S. J., Carosi, G., Hagmann, C., Kinion, D., van Bibber, K., Bradley, R., and Clarke, J.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: When valuable delicate goods are shipped by truck, attention must be paid to vibrations that may cause damage. We present a case study of moving an extremely delicate 6230-kg superconducting magnet, immersed in liquid nitrogen, from Livermore, CA to Seattle, WA showing the steps of fatigue analysis of the load, a test move, and acceleration monitoring of the final move to ensure a successful damage-free transport.
Published: 2011

41. Design and performance of the ADMX SQUID-based microwave receiver

Author: Asztalos, S. J., Carosi, G., Hagmann, C., Kinion, D., van Bibber, K., Hotz, M., Rosenberg, L. J, Rybka, G., Wagner, A., Hoskins, J., Martin, C., Sullivan, N. S., Tanner, D. B., Bradley, R., and Clarke, John
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The Axion Dark Matter eXperiment (ADMX) was designed to detect ultra-weakly interacting relic axion particles by searching for their conversion to microwave photons in a resonant cavity positioned in a strong magnetic field. Given the extremely low expected axion-photon conversion power we have designed, built and operated a microwave receiver based on a Superconducting QUantum Interference Device (SQUID). We describe the ADMX receiver in detail as well as the analysis of narrow band microwave signals. We demonstrate the sustained use of a SQUID amplifier operating between 812 and 860 MHz with a noise temperature of 1 K. The receiver has a noise equivalent power of 1.1x10^-24 W/sqrt(Hz) in the band of operation for an integration time of 1.8x10^3 s., Comment: 8 pages, 12 figures, Submitted to Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, A
Published: 2011
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42. Towards a new generation axion helioscope

Author: Irastorza, I. G., Avignone, F. T., Caspi, S., Carmona, J. M., Dafni, T., Davenport, M., Dudarev, A., Fanourakis, G., Ferrer-Ribas, E., Galan, J., Garcia, J. A., Geralis, T., Giomataris, I., Gomez, H., Hoffmann, D. H. H., Iguaz, F. J., Jakovcic, K., Krcmar, M., Lakic, B., Luzon, G., Pivovaroff, M., Papaevangelou, T., Raffelt, G., Redondo, J., Rodriguez, A., Russenschuck, S., Ruz, J., Shilon, I., Kate, H. Ten, Tomas, A., Troitsky, S., van Bibber, K., Villar, J. A., Vogel, J., Walckiers, L., and Zioutas, K.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We study the feasibility of a new generation axion helioscope, the most ambitious and promising detector of solar axions to date. We show that large improvements in magnetic field volume, x-ray focusing optics and detector backgrounds are possible beyond those achieved in the CERN Axion Solar Telescope (CAST). For hadronic models, a sensitivity to the axion-photon coupling of $\gagamma\gtrsim {\rm few} \times 10^{-12}$ GeV$^{-1}$ is conceivable, 1--1.5 orders of magnitude beyond the CAST sensitivity. If axions also couple to electrons, the Sun produces a larger flux for the same value of the Peccei-Quinn scale, allowing one to probe a broader class of models. Except for the axion dark matter searches, this experiment will be the most sensitive axion search ever, reaching or surpassing the stringent bounds from SN1987A and possibly testing the axion interpretation of anomalous white-dwarf cooling that predicts $m_a$ of a few meV. Beyond axions, this new instrument will probe entirely unexplored ranges of parameters for a large variety of axion-like particles (ALPs) and other novel excitations at the low-energy frontier of elementary particle physics., Comment: 37 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in JCAP
Published: 2011
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43. A Search for Hidden Sector Photons with ADMX

Author: Wagner, A., Rybka, G., Hotz, M., Rosenberg, L. J, Asztalos, S. J., Carosi, G., Hagmann, C., Kinion, D., van Bibber, K., Hoskins, J., Martin, C., Sikivie, P., Tanner, D. B., Bradley, R., and Clarke, J.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Hidden U(1) gauge symmetries are common to many extensions of the Standard Model proposed to explain dark matter. The hidden gauge vector bosons of such extensions may mix kinetically with Standard Model photons, providing a means for electromagnetic power to pass through conducting barriers. The ADMX detector was used to search for hidden vector bosons originating in an emitter cavity driven with microwave power. We exclude hidden vector bosons with kinetic couplings {\chi} > 3.48x10-8 for masses less than 3 {\mu}eV. This limit represents an improvement of more than two orders of magnitude in sensitivity relative to previous cavity experiments., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, published in PRL
Published: 2010
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44. A Search for Scalar Chameleons with ADMX

Author: Rybka, G., Hotz, M., Rosenberg, L. J, Asztalos, S. J., Carosi, G., Hagmann, C., Kinion, D., van Bibber, K., Hoskins, J., Martin, C., Sikivie, P., Tanner, D. B., Bradley, R., and Clarke, J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Scalar fields with a "chameleon" property, in which the effective particle mass is a function of its local environment, are common to many theories beyond the standard model and could be responsible for dark energy. If these fields couple weakly to the photon, they could be detectable through the "afterglow" effect of photon-chameleon-photon transitions. The ADMX experiment was used in the first chameleon search with a microwave cavity to set a new limit on scalar chameleon-photon coupling excluding values between 2*10^9 and 5*10^14 for effective chameleon masses between 1.9510 and 1.9525 micro-eV., Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2010
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45. A SQUID-based microwave cavity search for dark-matter axions

Author: The ADMX Collaboration, Asztalos, S. J., Carosi, G., Hagmann, C., Kinion, D., van Bibber, K., Hotz, M., Rosenberg, L., Rybka, G., Hoskins, J., Hwang, J., Sikivie, P., Tanner, D. B., Bradley, R., and Clarke, J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Axions in the micro eV mass range are a plausible cold dark matter candidate and may be detected by their conversion into microwave photons in a resonant cavity immersed in a static magnetic field. The first result from such an axion search using a superconducting first-stage amplifier (SQUID) is reported. The SQUID amplifier, replacing a conventional GaAs field-effect transistor amplifier, successfully reached axion-photon coupling sensitivity in the band set by present axion models and sets the stage for a definitive axion search utilizing near quantum-limited SQUID amplifiers., Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, submitted to PRL
Published: 2009
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46. Probing eV-scale axions with CAST

Author: CAST Collaboration, Arik, E., Aune, S., Autiero, D., Barth, K., Belov, A., Beltrán, B., Borghi, S., Bourlis, G., Boydag, F. S., Bräuninger, H., Carmona, J. M., Cebrián, S., Cetin, S. A., Collar, J. I., Dafni, T., Davenport, M., Di Lella, L., Dogan, O. B., Eleftheriadis, C., Elias, N., Fanourakis, G., Ferrer-Ribas, E., Fischer, H., Friedrich, P., Franz, J., Galán, J., Geralis, T., Giomataris, I., Gninenko, S., Gómez, H., Hartmann, R., Hasinoff, M., Heinsius, F. H., Hikmet, I., Hoffmann, D. H. H., Irastorza, I. G., Jacoby, J., Jakovčić, K., Kang, D., Königsmann, K., Kotthaus, R., Krčmar, M., Kousouris, K., Kuster, M., Lakić, B., Lasseur, C., Liolios, A., Ljubičić, A., Lutz, G., Luzón, G., Miller, D., Morales, J., Niinikoski, T., Nordt, A., Ortiz, A., Papaevangelou, T., Pivovaroff, M. J., Placci, A., Raffelt, G., Riege, H., Rodríguez, A., Ruz, J., Savvidis, I., Semertzidis, Y., Serpico, P., Soufli, R., Stewart, L., van Bibber, K., Villar, J., Vogel, J., Walckiers, L., and Zioutas, K.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We have searched for solar axions or other pseudoscalar particles that couple to two photons by using the CERN Axion Solar Telescope (CAST) setup. Whereas we previously have reported results from CAST with evacuated magnet bores (Phase I), setting limits on lower mass axions, here we report results from CAST where the magnet bores were filled with \hefour gas (Phase II) of variable pressure. The introduction of gas generated a refractive photon mass $m_\gamma$, thereby achieving the maximum possible conversion rate for those axion masses \ma that match $m_\gamma$. With 160 different pressure settings we have scanned \ma up to about 0.4 eV, taking approximately 2 h of data for each setting. From the absence of excess X-rays when the magnet was pointing to the Sun, we set a typical upper limit on the axion-photon coupling of $\gag\lesssim 2.17\times 10^{-10} {\rm GeV}^{-1}$ at 95% CL for $\ma \lesssim 0.4$ eV, the exact result depending on the pressure setting. The excluded parameter range covers realistic axion models with a Peccei-Quinn scale in the neighborhood of $f_{\rm a}\sim10^{7}$ GeV. Currently in the second part of CAST Phase II, we are searching for axions with masses up to about 1.2 eV using \hethree as a buffer gas., Comment: 18 pages, 7 figures. Revised version of the paper after referee's comments. Main changes on the gas section
Published: 2008
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47. Solar axion search with the CAST experiment

Author: CAST Collaboration, Arik, E., Aune, S., Autiero, D., Barth, K., Belov, A., Beltrán, B., Borghi, S., Boydag, F. S., Bräuninger, H., Cantatore, G., Carmona, J. M., Cetin, S. A., Collar, J. I., Dafni, T., Davenport, M., Di Lella, L., Dogan, O. B., Eleftheriadis, C., Elias, N., Fanourakis, G., Ferrer-Ribas, E., Fischer, H., Franz, J., Galán, J., Gazis, E., Geralis, T., Giomataris, I., Gninenko, S., Gómez, H., Hasinoff, M., Heinsius, F. H., Hikmet, I., Hoffmann, D. H. H., Irastorza, I. G., Jacoby, J., Jakovčić, K., Kang, D., Karageorgopoulou, T., Karuza, M., Königsmann, K., Kotthaus, R., Krčmar, M., Kousouris, K., Kuster, M., Lakić, B., Lasseur, C., Liolios, A., Ljubičić, A., Lozza, V., Lutz, G., Luzón, G., Miller, D., Morales, J., Niinikoski, T., Nordt, A., Ortiz, A., Papaevangelou, T., Pivovaroff, M. J., Placci, A., Raiteri, G., Raffelt, G., Riege, H., Rodríguez, A., Ruz, J., Savvidis, I., Semertzidis, Y., Serpico, P., Solanki, S. K., Soufli, R., Stewart, L., Tsagri, M., van Bibber, K., Villar, J5D., Vogel, J., Walckiers, L., and Zioutas, K.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The CAST (CERN Axion Solar Telescope) experiment is searching for solar axions by their conversion into photons inside the magnet pipe of an LHC dipole. The analysis of the data recorded during the first phase of the experiment with vacuum in the magnet pipes has resulted in the most restrictive experimental limit on the coupling constant of axions to photons. In the second phase, CAST is operating with a buffer gas inside the magnet pipes in order to extent the sensitivity of the experiment to higher axion masses. We will present the first results on the $^{4}{\rm He}$ data taking as well as the system upgrades that have been operated in the last year in order to adapt the experiment for the $^{3}{\rm He}$ data taking. Expected sensitivities on the coupling constant of axions to photons will be given for the recent $^{3}{\rm He}$ run just started in March 2008., Comment: Proceedings of the ICHEP 2008 conference
Published: 2008

48. Search for low Energy solar Axions with CAST

Author: Cantatore, Giovanni, Arik, E., Aune, S., Autiero, D., Barth, K., Belov, A., Beltrán, B., Borghi, S., Boydag, F. S., Bräuninger, H., Cantatore, G., Carmona, J. M., Cebrián, S., Cetin, S. A., Collar, J. I., Dafni, T., Davenport, M., Di Lella, L., Dogan, O. B., Eleftheriadis, C., Elias, N., Fanourakis, G., Ferrer-Ribas, E., Fischer, H., Franz, J., Galán, J., Gazis, E., Geralis, T., Giomataris, I., Gninenko, S., Gómez, H., Hasinoff, M., Heinsius, F. H., Hikmet, I., Hoffmann, D. H. H., Irastorza, I. G., Jacoby, J., Jakovčić, K., Kang, D., Karageorgopoulou, T., Karuza, M., Königsmann, K., Kotthaus, R., Krčmar, M., Kousouris, K., Kuster, M., Lakić, B., Lasseur, C., Liolios, A., Ljubičić, A., Lozza, V., Lutz, G., Luzón, G., Miller, D., Morales, A., Morales, J., Niinikoski, T., Nordt, A., Ortiz, A., Papaevangelou, T., Pivovaroff, M., Placci, A., Raiteri, G., Raffelt, G., Riege, H., Rodríguez, A., Ruz, J., Savvidis, I., Semertzidis, Y., Serpico, P., Solanki, S. K., Soufli, R., Stewart, L., Tsagri, M., van Bibber, K., Villar, J., Vogel, J., Walckiers, L., and Zioutas, K.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We have started the development of a detector system, sensitive to single photons in the eV energy range, to be suitably coupled to one of the CAST magnet ports. This system should open to CAST a window on possible detection of low energy Axion Like Particles emitted by the sun. Preliminary tests have involved a cooled photomultiplier tube coupled to the CAST magnet via a Galileian telescope and a switched 40 m long optical fiber. This system has reached the limit background level of the detector alone in ideal conditions, and two solar tracking runs have been performed with it at CAST. Such a measurement has never been done before with an axion helioscope. We will present results from these runs and briefly discuss future detector developments., Comment: Paper submitted to the proceedings of the "4th Patras Workshop on Axions, WIMPs and WISPs", DESY, Hamburg Site - Germany, 18-21 June 2008. Author affiliations are reported on the title page of the paper. In version 2: 1 affiliation change, 3 references added
Published: 2008

49. First limits on the 3-200 keV X-ray spectrum of the quiet Sun using RHESSI

Author: Hannah, Iain G., Hurford, G. J, Hudson, H. S., Lin, R. P., and van Bibber, K.
Subjects: Astrophysics
Abstract: We present the first results using the Reuven Ramaty High-Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager, RHESSI, to observe solar X-ray emission not associated with active regions, sunspots or flares (the quiet Sun). Using a newly developed chopping technique (fan-beam modulation) during seven periods of offpointing between June 2005 to October 2006, we obtained upper limits over 3-200 keV for the quietest times when the GOES12 1-8A flux fell below $10^{-8}$ Wm$^{-2}$. These values are smaller than previous limits in the 17-120 keV range and extend them to both lower and higher energies. The limit in 3-6 keV is consistent with a coronal temperature $\leq 6$ MK. For quiet Sun periods when the GOES12 1-8A background flux was between $10^{-8}$ Wm$^{-2}$ and $10^{-7}$ Wm$^{-2}$, the RHESSI 3-6 keV flux correlates to this as a power-law, with an index of $1.08 \pm 0.13$. The power-law correlation for microflares has a steeper index of $1.29 \pm 0.06$. We also discuss the possibility of observing quiet Sun X-rays due to solar axions and use the RHESSI quiet Sun limits to estimate the axion-to-photon coupling constant for two different axion emission scenarios., Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, Accepted by ApJ letters
Published: 2007
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50. A High Resolution Search for Dark-Matter Axions

Author: Duffy, L. D., Sikivie, P., Tanner, D. B., Asztalos, S. J., Hagmann, C., Kinion, D., Rosenberg, L. J, van Bibber, K., Yu, D. B., and Bradley, R. F.
Subjects: Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: We have performed a high resolution search for galactic halo axions in cold flows using a microwave cavity detector. The analysis procedure and other details of this search are described. No axion signal was found in the mass range 1.98-2.17 micro-eV. We place upper limits on the density of axions in local discrete flows based on this result., Comment: 11 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables
Published: 2006
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