163 results on '"Van Dyck H"'
Search Results
2. The Cost of Melanization: Butterfly Wing Coloration under Environmental Stress
- Author
-
Talloen, W., Van Dyck, H., and Lens, L.
- Published
- 2004
3. Does Flight Morphology Relate to Flight Performance? An Experimental Test with the Butterfly Pararge aegeria
- Author
-
Berwaerts, K., Van Dyck, H., and Aerts, P.
- Published
- 2002
4. Thermoregulatory Differences between Phenotypes in the Speckled Wood Butterfly: Hot Perchers and Cold Patrollers?
- Author
-
Van Dyck, H. and Matthysen, E.
- Published
- 1998
5. Scientists' warning on climate change and insects
- Author
-
Harvey, JA, Tougeron, K, Gols, R, Heinen, R, Abarca, M, Abram, PK, Basset, Y, Berg, M, Boggs, C, Brodeur, J, Cardoso, P, de Boer, JG, De Snoo, GR, Deacon, C, Dell, JE, Desneux, N, Dillon, ME, Duffy, GA, Dyer, LA, Ellers, J, Espindola, A, Fordyce, J, Forister, ML, Fukushima, C, Gage, MJG, Garcia-Robledo, C, Gely, C, Gobbi, M, Hallmann, C, Hance, T, Harte, J, Hochkirch, A, Hof, C, Hoffmann, AA, Kingsolver, JG, Lamarre, GPA, Laurance, WF, Lavandero, B, Leather, SR, Lehmann, P, Le Lann, C, Lopez-Uribe, MM, Ma, C-S, Ma, G, Moiroux, J, Monticelli, L, Nice, C, Ode, PJ, Pincebourde, S, Ripple, WJ, Rowe, M, Samways, MJ, Sentis, A, Shah, AA, Stork, N, Terblanche, JS, Thakur, MP, Thomas, MB, Tylianakis, JM, Van Baaren, J, Van de Pol, M, Van der Putten, WH, Van Dyck, H, Verberk, WCEP, Wagner, DL, Weisser, WW, Wetzel, WC, Woods, HA, Wyckhuys, KAG, Chown, SL, Harvey, JA, Tougeron, K, Gols, R, Heinen, R, Abarca, M, Abram, PK, Basset, Y, Berg, M, Boggs, C, Brodeur, J, Cardoso, P, de Boer, JG, De Snoo, GR, Deacon, C, Dell, JE, Desneux, N, Dillon, ME, Duffy, GA, Dyer, LA, Ellers, J, Espindola, A, Fordyce, J, Forister, ML, Fukushima, C, Gage, MJG, Garcia-Robledo, C, Gely, C, Gobbi, M, Hallmann, C, Hance, T, Harte, J, Hochkirch, A, Hof, C, Hoffmann, AA, Kingsolver, JG, Lamarre, GPA, Laurance, WF, Lavandero, B, Leather, SR, Lehmann, P, Le Lann, C, Lopez-Uribe, MM, Ma, C-S, Ma, G, Moiroux, J, Monticelli, L, Nice, C, Ode, PJ, Pincebourde, S, Ripple, WJ, Rowe, M, Samways, MJ, Sentis, A, Shah, AA, Stork, N, Terblanche, JS, Thakur, MP, Thomas, MB, Tylianakis, JM, Van Baaren, J, Van de Pol, M, Van der Putten, WH, Van Dyck, H, Verberk, WCEP, Wagner, DL, Weisser, WW, Wetzel, WC, Woods, HA, Wyckhuys, KAG, and Chown, SL
- Abstract
Climate warming is considered to be among the most serious of anthropogenic stresses to the environment, because it not only has direct effects on biodiversity, but it also exacerbates the harmful effects of other human‐mediated threats. The associated consequences are potentially severe, particularly in terms of threats to species preservation, as well as in the preservation of an array of ecosystem services provided by biodiversity. Among the most affected groups of animals are insects—central components of many ecosystems—for which climate change has pervasive effects from individuals to communities. In this contribution to the scientists' warning series, we summarize the effect of the gradual global surface temperature increase on insects, in terms of physiology, behavior, phenology, distribution, and species interactions, as well as the effect of increased frequency and duration of extreme events such as hot and cold spells, fires, droughts, and floods on these parameters. We warn that, if no action is taken to better understand and reduce the action of climate change on insects, we will drastically reduce our ability to build a sustainable future based on healthy, functional ecosystems. We discuss perspectives on relevant ways to conserve insects in the face of climate change, and we offer several key recommendations on management approaches that can be adopted, on policies that should be pursued, and on the involvement of the general public in the protection effort.
- Published
- 2023
6. PD-0661 Implementation of marker less Surface Guided Radiotherapy in a complex multi-stakeholder environment
- Author
-
Das Neves Horácio, F., primary, Sprangers, A., additional, Wingerhoed, W., additional, Brokken, P., additional, Schaerlaeken, K., additional, Van Dyck, H., additional, Mollaert, I., additional, and Verellen, D., additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Contest Behaviour in the Speckled Wood Butterfly (Pararge aegeria): Seasonal Phenotypic Plasticity and the Functional Significance of Flight Performance
- Author
-
Kemp, Darrell J., Wiklund, C., and Van Dyck, H.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Environmental stress and quantitative genetic variation in butterfly wing characteristics
- Author
-
Talloen, W., Van Dongen, S., Van Dyck, H., and Lens, L.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Lower density of arthropod biomass in small high‐Andes Polylepis fragments affects habitat use in insectivorous birds
- Author
-
Cahill, J. R. (Jennifer R. A.), Merckx, T. (Thomas), Van Dyck, H. (Hans), Fernández, M. (Milton), Matthysen, E. (Erik), Cahill, J. R. (Jennifer R. A.), Merckx, T. (Thomas), Van Dyck, H. (Hans), Fernández, M. (Milton), and Matthysen, E. (Erik)
- Abstract
Polylepis forests are endemic to the high‐Andes, with trees characterized by multi‐layered, exfoliating bark‐providing protection against harsh, high‐elevation conditions, both for individual trees and the wide array of organisms dependent on them. However, Polylepis habitat has suffered severe human‐induced land conversion and currently mainly occurs as fragmented remnants only. Here, we studied the effects of fragment size on local ambient temperature and on biomass of bark and its bark‐dwelling arthropods. We did so by comparing multiple samples at the edge and interior of both large and small fragments, while also accounting for branch size, tree width, and tree structure. Because arthropod biomass is likely to impact higher trophic levels, we also studied abundance and foraging behavior of two bird species specialized on Polylepis forest. We show that arthropod biomass was relatively higher in wider, larger trees, which were preferred for foraging by both bird species. Moreover, we show that small forest fragments are not only environmentally less buffered but are also characterized by lower amounts of bark and lower densities of bark‐dwelling arthropods than larger fragments. Our study highlights the conservation value of large trees. Also, we advise it is now timely to test to what degree restoration efforts to increase fragment size could mitigate the negative effects of reduced arthropod biomass for higher trophic levels of endemic specialist insectivores.
- Published
- 2021
10. Urbanization drives cross‐taxon declines in abundance and diversity at multiple spatial scales
- Author
-
Piano, E. (Elena), Souffreau, C. (Caroline), Merckx, T. (Thomas), Baardsen, L. F. (Lisa F.), Backeljau, T. (Thierry), Bonte, D. (Dries), Brans, K. I. (Kristien I.), Cours, M. (Marie), Dahirel, M. (Maxime), Debortoli, N. (Nicolas), Decaestecker, E. (Ellen), De Wolf, K. (Katrien), Engelen, J. M. (Jessie M.T.), Fontaneto, D. (Diego), Gianuca, A. T. (Andros T.), Govaert, L. (Lynn), Hanashiro, F. T. (Fabio T.T.), Higuti, J. (Janet), Lens, L. (Luc), Martens, K. (Koen), Matheve, H. (Hans), Matthysen, E. (Erik), Pinseel, E. (Eveline), Sablon, R. (Rose), Schön, I. (Isa), Stoks, R. (Robby), Van Doninck, K. (Karine), Van Dyck, H. (Hans), Vanormelingen, P. (Pieter), Van Wichelen, J. (Jeroen), Vyverman, W. (Wim), De Meester, L. (Luc), Hendrickx, F. (Frederik), Piano, E. (Elena), Souffreau, C. (Caroline), Merckx, T. (Thomas), Baardsen, L. F. (Lisa F.), Backeljau, T. (Thierry), Bonte, D. (Dries), Brans, K. I. (Kristien I.), Cours, M. (Marie), Dahirel, M. (Maxime), Debortoli, N. (Nicolas), Decaestecker, E. (Ellen), De Wolf, K. (Katrien), Engelen, J. M. (Jessie M.T.), Fontaneto, D. (Diego), Gianuca, A. T. (Andros T.), Govaert, L. (Lynn), Hanashiro, F. T. (Fabio T.T.), Higuti, J. (Janet), Lens, L. (Luc), Martens, K. (Koen), Matheve, H. (Hans), Matthysen, E. (Erik), Pinseel, E. (Eveline), Sablon, R. (Rose), Schön, I. (Isa), Stoks, R. (Robby), Van Doninck, K. (Karine), Van Dyck, H. (Hans), Vanormelingen, P. (Pieter), Van Wichelen, J. (Jeroen), Vyverman, W. (Wim), De Meester, L. (Luc), and Hendrickx, F. (Frederik)
- Abstract
The increasing urbanization process is hypothesized to drastically alter (semi‐)natural environments with a concomitant major decline in species abundance and diversity. Yet, studies on this effect of urbanization, and the spatial scale at which it acts, are at present inconclusive due to the large heterogeneity in taxonomic groups and spatial scales at which this relationship has been investigated among studies. Comprehensive studies analysing this relationship across multiple animal groups and at multiple spatial scales are rare, hampering the assessment of how biodiversity generally responds to urbanization. We studied aquatic (cladocerans), limno‐terrestrial (bdelloid rotifers) and terrestrial (butterflies, ground beetles, ground‐ and web spiders, macro‐moths, orthopterans and snails) invertebrate groups using a hierarchical spatial design wherein three local‐scale (200 m × 200 m) urbanization levels were repeatedly sampled across three landscape‐scale (3 km × 3 km) urbanization levels. We tested for local and landscape urbanization effects on abundance and species richness of each group, whereby total richness was partitioned into the average richness of local communities and the richness due to variation among local communities. Abundances of the terrestrial active dispersers declined in response to local urbanization, with reductions up to 85% for butterflies, while passive dispersers did not show any clear trend. Species richness also declined with increasing levels of urbanization, but responses were highly heterogeneous among the different groups with respect to the richness component and the spatial scale at which urbanization impacts richness. Depending on the group, species richness declined due to biotic homogenization and/or local species loss. This resulted in an overall decrease in total richness across groups in urban areas. These results provide strong support to the general negative impact of urbanization on abundance and species richnes
- Published
- 2020
11. Individual plasticity drives boldness senescence in a territorial butterfly
- Author
-
Kaiser, A. (Aurélien), Eymard, M. (Manon), Merckx, T. (Thomas), Van Dyck, H. (Hans), Kaiser, A. (Aurélien), Eymard, M. (Manon), Merckx, T. (Thomas), and Van Dyck, H. (Hans)
- Abstract
Most behavioural traits show plastic responses to changes in internal or external conditions. Similarly, animal personality is not necessarily fixed during an individual’s lifetime, leading to age‐related changes. Both individual plasticity (i.e., within‐individual effect) and non‐random selective (dis)appearance of behavioural types (i.e., between‐individual effect) may contribute to age‐related changes observed at the population level. Here, we investigated how boldness changes with age in a woodland population of the Speckled wood butterfly (Pararge aegeria L.) using a capture–mark–recapture approach. We used wing wear as an index for age and we show that fresh individuals are bolder than worn individuals. Using the subsample of recaptured butterflies, we found that this pattern is most likely driven by individual plasticity. Our design also allowed us to explore some aspects of the species’ spatial ecology and how it relates to personality. We found no relationship between boldness and net displacement between successive captures, a finding which we discuss within a movement ecology framework.
- Published
- 2020
12. An experimental test of changed personality in butterflies from anthropogenic landscapes
- Author
-
Kaiser, A. (Aurélien), Merckx, T. (Thomas), Van Dyck, H. (Hans), Kaiser, A. (Aurélien), Merckx, T. (Thomas), and Van Dyck, H. (Hans)
- Abstract
During the last century, the human footprint on natural ecosystems has increased strongly and human-altered habitats such as urban and agricultural areas have extended globally. Despite their negative impacts on biodiversity, these habitats offer unique opportunities to study how native species respond to novel environmental conditions. Here, we studied phenotypic divergence associated with colonization of human-altered habitats in the Speckled wood (Pararge aegeria). We reared butterflies of woodland, urban and agricultural origins under common garden conditions and we measured boldness and activity at the adult stage. Both behavioural traits were repeatable at the individual level (i.e. personality traits), but we found weak evidence for ecotype-related differences in mean boldness and activity. In line with urban areas being stressful habitats, we found that boldness and activity traits correlate in urban butterflies, while we found no such syndrome in woodland and agricultural butterflies. Our results show that urbanization can alter some aspects of personality in an insect species, but they do not support the prediction that anthropogenic habitats favour boldness.
- Published
- 2020
13. Seasonal butterfly design: morphological plasticity among three developmental pathways relative to sex, flight and thermoregulation
- Author
-
VAN DYCK, H. and WIKLUND, C.
- Published
- 2002
14. Behavioural repeatability is affected by early developmental conditions in a butterfly
- Author
-
Kaiser, A. (Aurélien), Merckx, T. (Thomas), Van Dyck, H. (Hans), Kaiser, A. (Aurélien), Merckx, T. (Thomas), and Van Dyck, H. (Hans)
- Abstract
For developing organisms, early environmental conditions are critical as they provide cues about their environment and are thus helpful to make decisions for the short and long term. As such, the early environment is known to affect several phenotypic traits, and these can persist after developmental growth. However, the role of these early environmental conditions in shaping personality traits remains largely unknown. Here, we used a reciprocal transplant experiment to explore the effect of landscape of origin versus landscape of development on boldness and activity in a butterfly, Pararge aegeria. Larvae of woodland, agricultural and urban population origins were reared in situ in their landscape of origin or under the two alternative environmental conditions. We then repeatedly quantified boldness and activity in the F1 adults under laboratory conditions. While the landscape of development appeared to have no effect on mean trait values, it affected trait repeatability through changes in among-individual variation. Additionally, males of agricultural origin had higher mean boldness scores than woodland and urban origin males. Also, average boldness declined with testing sequence in individuals of woodland origin, but not in agricultural and urban origin individuals. Overall, our results suggest that (1) conspecifics originating from distinct habitat types differ in some aspects of boldness, and (2) early developmental conditions can affect behavioural consistency without changing mean behavioural phenotypes.
- Published
- 2019
15. Urbanization‐driven homogenization is more pronounced and happens at wider spatial scales in nocturnal and mobile flying insects
- Author
-
Merckx, T. (Thomas), Van Dyck, H. (Hans), Merckx, T. (Thomas), and Van Dyck, H. (Hans)
- Abstract
Aim: We test whether urbanization drives biotic homogenization. We hypothesize that declines in abundance and species diversity of aerial insects are exacerbated by the urbanization‐driven loss of species with low habitat generalism, mobility and warm‐adaptedness. We predict this homogenization to be more pronounced for nocturnal taxa, and at wider scales for mobile taxa. Location: Belgium. Time period: Summers 2014–2015. Major taxa studied: Lepidoptera. Methods: We compare communities along urbanization gradients using a shared, replicated and nested sampling design, in which butterflies were counted within 81 grassland and macro‐moths light‐trapped in 12 woodland sites. We quantify taxonomic and functional community composition, the latter via community‐weighted means and variation of species‐specific traits related to specialization, mobility and thermophily. Using linear regression models, variables are analysed in relation to site‐specific urbanization values quantified at seven scales (50–3,200 m radii). At best‐fitting scales, we test for taxonomic homogenization. Results: With increasing urbanization, abundance, species richness and Shannon diversity severely declined, with butterfly and macro‐moth declines due to local‐ versus landscape‐scale urbanization (200 vs. 800–3,200 m radii, respectively). While taxonomic homogenization was absent for butterflies, urban macro‐moth communities displayed higher nestedness than non‐urban communities. Overall, communities showed mean shifts towards generalist, mobile and thermophilous species, displaying trait convergence too. These functional trait models consistently fit best with urbanization quantified at local scales (100–200 m radii) for butterfly communities, and at local to wider landscape scales (200–800 m radii) for macro‐moth communities. Main conclusions: Urban communities display functional homogenization that follows urbanization at scales linked to taxon‐specific mobility. Light pollution may exp
- Published
- 2019
16. A novel tool to assess the effect of intraspecific spatial niche variation on species distribution shifts under climate change
- Author
-
Martin, Y., Van Dyck, H., Legendre, P., Settele, Josef, Schweiger, Oliver, Harpke, Alexander, Wiemers, Martin, Ameztegui, A., Titeux, Nicolas, Martin, Y., Van Dyck, H., Legendre, P., Settele, Josef, Schweiger, Oliver, Harpke, Alexander, Wiemers, Martin, Ameztegui, A., and Titeux, Nicolas
- Abstract
Aim Niche‐based models often ignore spatial variation in the climatic niche of a species across its occupied range and the related variation in the response to changing climate conditions. This assumption may lead to inaccurate predictions of species distribution shifts under climate change. Models have been developed to address this issue, but most of them depend upon prior knowledge on evolutionary lineages, phenotypic traits or ecological processes underlying local adaptation or adaptive plasticity. As such information is often lacking, these models are not frequently used to predict distribution shifts for many species. This limits our ability to explore general patterns of change across species. Innovation Here, we propose a modelling framework that can be applied across a large sample of species to assess their distribution shifts under future climate while exploring the effect of intraspecific spatial variation in the response to climate conditions. The proposed approach does not require a detailed understanding of the processes underlying such variation. The geographical distribution of a species is split into spatial subsets along the gradient of occupied climate conditions. These subsets are considered as proxies for intraspecific spatial niche variation. Local models are built with each subset and their predictions are assembled across the study area under different dispersal assumptions. Using European butterflies as an example, we show that this approach can be used to explore the uncertainty about predicted distribution shifts arising from intraspecific spatial variation in sensitivity and response to changing climate conditions. Main conclusions Our modelling approach is not intended to replace advanced modelling methods based on species‐specific knowledge of ecological and evolutionary processes, but it is useful as an exploratory tool to detect species for which detailed information on intraspecific responses to climate conditions is likely to make
- Published
- 2019
17. Ecological traps and species distribution models: a challenge for prioritizing areas of conservation importance
- Author
-
Titeux, Nicolas, Aizpurua, O., Hollander, F.A., Sardà‐Palomera, F., Hermoso, V., Paquet, J.-Y., Mestdagh, X., Settele, Josef, Brotons, L., Van Dyck, H., Titeux, Nicolas, Aizpurua, O., Hollander, F.A., Sardà‐Palomera, F., Hermoso, V., Paquet, J.-Y., Mestdagh, X., Settele, Josef, Brotons, L., and Van Dyck, H.
- Abstract
Species distribution models analyse how species use different types of habitats. Their spatial predictions are often used to prioritize areas for conservation. Individuals may, however, prefer settling in habitat types of low quality compared to other available habitats. This ecological trap phenomenon is usually studied in a small number of habitat patches and consequences at the landscape level are largely unknown. It is therefore often unclear whether the spatial pattern of habitat use is aligned with the behavioural decisions made by the individuals during habitat selection or reflects actual variation in the quality of different habitat types. As species distribution models analyse the pattern of occurrence in different habitats, there is a conservation interest in examining what their predictions mean in terms of habitat quality when ecological traps are operating. Previous work in Belgium showed that red‐backed shrikes Lanius collurio are more attracted to newly available clear‐cut habitat in plantation forests than to the traditionally used farmland habitat. We developed models with shrike distribution data and compared their predictions with spatial variation in shrike reproductive performance used as a proxy for habitat quality. Models accurately predicted shrike distribution and identified the preferred clear‐cut patches as the most frequently used habitat, but reproductive performance was lower in clear‐cut areas than in farmland. With human‐induced rapid environmental changes, organisms may indeed be attracted to low‐quality habitats and occupy them at high densities. Consequently, the predictions of statistical models based on occurrence records may not align with variation in significant population parameters for the maintenance of the species. When species expand their range to novel habitats, such models are useful to document the spatial distribution of the organisms, but data on population growth rates are worth collecting before using model predi
- Published
- 2019
18. Patterns of host use by brood parasitic Maculinea butterflies across Europe
- Author
-
Tartally, A., Thomas, J.A., Anton, Christian, Balletto, E., Barbero, F., Bonelli, S., Bräu, M., Casacci, L.P., Csősz, S., Czekes, Z., Dolek, M., Dziekańska, I., Elmes, G., Fürst, M.A., Glinka, Uta, Hochberg, M.E., Höttinger, H., Hula, V., Maes, D., Munguira, M.L., Musche, Martin, Stadel Nielsen, P., Nowicki, P., Oliveira, P.S., Peregovits, L., Ritter, Sylvia, Schlick-Steiner, B.C., Settele, Josef, Sielezniew, M., Simcox, D.J., Stankiewicz, A.M., Steiner, F.M., Švitra, G., Ugelvig, L.V., Van Dyck, H., Varga, Z., Witek, M., Woyciechowski, M., Wynhoff, I., Nash, D.R., Tartally, A., Thomas, J.A., Anton, Christian, Balletto, E., Barbero, F., Bonelli, S., Bräu, M., Casacci, L.P., Csősz, S., Czekes, Z., Dolek, M., Dziekańska, I., Elmes, G., Fürst, M.A., Glinka, Uta, Hochberg, M.E., Höttinger, H., Hula, V., Maes, D., Munguira, M.L., Musche, Martin, Stadel Nielsen, P., Nowicki, P., Oliveira, P.S., Peregovits, L., Ritter, Sylvia, Schlick-Steiner, B.C., Settele, Josef, Sielezniew, M., Simcox, D.J., Stankiewicz, A.M., Steiner, F.M., Švitra, G., Ugelvig, L.V., Van Dyck, H., Varga, Z., Witek, M., Woyciechowski, M., Wynhoff, I., and Nash, D.R.
- Abstract
The range of hosts exploited by a parasite is determined by several factors, including host availability, infectivity and exploitability. Each of these can be the target of natural selection on both host and parasite, which will determine the local outcome of interactions, and potentially lead to coevolution. However, geographical variation in host use and specificity has rarely been investigated. Maculinea (=Phengaris) butterflies are brood parasites of Myrmica ants that are patchily distributed across the Palæarctic and have been studied extensively in Europe. Here, we review the published records of ant host use by the European Maculinea species, as well as providing new host ant records for more than 100 sites across Europe. This comprehensive survey demonstrates that while all but one of the Myrmica species found on Maculinea sites have been recorded as hosts, the most common is often disproportionately highly exploited. Host sharing and host switching are both relatively common, but there is evidence of specialization at many sites, which varies among Maculinea species. We show that most Maculinea display the features expected for coevolution to occur in a geographic mosaic, which has probably allowed these rare butterflies to persist in Europe.
- Published
- 2019
19. Systemic insecticides (neonicotinoids and fipronil): trends, uses, mode of action and metabolites
- Author
-
Simon-Delso, N, Amaral-Rogers, V, Belzunces, L. P, Bonmatin, J. M, Chagnon, Madeleine, Downs, C. A, Furlan, L, Gibbons, D. W, Giorio, C, Girolami, V, Goulson, D, Kreutzweiser, David. P, Krupke, C, Liess, M, Long, E, McField, M, Mineau, Pierre, Mitchell, Edward A. D, Morrissey, Christy A, Noome Dominique A, Pisa, L, Settele, J, Stark, J. D, Tapparo, A, Van Dyck, H, van Praagh, J, Van der Sluijs, Jeroen P, Whitehorn, P. R, Wiemers, M, Simon-Delso, N, Amaral-Rogers, V, Belzunces, L. P, Bonmatin, J. M, Chagnon, Madeleine, Downs, C. A, Furlan, L, Gibbons, D. W, Giorio, C, Girolami, V, Goulson, D, Kreutzweiser, David. P, Krupke, C, Liess, M, Long, E, McField, M, Mineau, Pierre, Mitchell, Edward A. D, Morrissey, Christy A, Noome Dominique A, Pisa, L, Settele, J, Stark, J. D, Tapparo, A, Van Dyck, H, van Praagh, J, Van der Sluijs, Jeroen P, Whitehorn, P. R, and Wiemers, M
- Abstract
Since their discovery in the late 1980s, neonicotinoid pesticides have become the most widely used class of insecticides worldwide, with large-scale applications ranging from plant protection (crops, vegetables, fruits), veterinary products, and biocides to invertebrate pest control in fish farming. In this review, we address the phenyl-pyrazole fipronil together with neonicotinoids because of similarities in their toxicity, physicochemical profiles, and presence in the environment. Neonicotinoids and fipronil currently account for approximately one third of the world insecticide market; the annual world production of the archetype neonicotinoid, imidacloprid, was estimated to be ca. 20,000 tonnes active substance in 2010. There were several reasons for the initial success of neonicotinoids and fipronil: (1) there was no known pesticide resistance in target pests, mainly because of their recent development, (2) their physicochemical properties included many advantages over previous generations of insecticides (i.e., organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, etc.), and (3) they shared an assumed reduced operator and consumer risk. Due to their systemic nature, they are taken up by the roots or leaves and translocated to all parts of the plant, which, in turn, makes them effectively toxic to herbivorous insects. The toxicity persists for a variable period of time—depending on the plant, its growth stage, and the amount of pesticide applied. A wide variety of applications are available, including the most common prophylactic non-Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) application by seed coating. As a result of their extensive use and physicochemical properties, these substances can be found in all environmental compartments including soil, water, and air. Neonicotinoids and fipronil operate by disrupting neural transmission in the central nervous system of invertebrates. Neonicotinoids mimic the action of neurotransmitters, while fipronil inhibits neuronal receptors. In do
- Published
- 2018
20. Conclusions of the Worldwide Integrated Assessment on the risks of neonicotinoids and fipronil to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning
- Author
-
van der Sluijs, J. P, Amaral-Rogers, V, Belzunces, L. P, Bijleveld van Lexmond, Maarten Frank Iman Jacobus, Bonmatin, J. M, Chagnon, M, Downs, C. A, Furlan, L, Gibbons, D. W, Giorio, C, Girolami, V, Goulson, D, Kreutzweiser, D. P, Krupke, C, Liess, M, Long, E, McField, M, Mineau, Pierre, Mitchell, Edward A. D, Morrissey, C. A, Noome D. A, Pisa, L, Settele, J, Simon-Delso, N, Stark, J. D, Tapparo, A, Van Dyck, H, van Praagh, J, Whitehorn, P. R, Wiemers, M, van der Sluijs, J. P, Amaral-Rogers, V, Belzunces, L. P, Bijleveld van Lexmond, Maarten Frank Iman Jacobus, Bonmatin, J. M, Chagnon, M, Downs, C. A, Furlan, L, Gibbons, D. W, Giorio, C, Girolami, V, Goulson, D, Kreutzweiser, D. P, Krupke, C, Liess, M, Long, E, McField, M, Mineau, Pierre, Mitchell, Edward A. D, Morrissey, C. A, Noome D. A, Pisa, L, Settele, J, Simon-Delso, N, Stark, J. D, Tapparo, A, Van Dyck, H, van Praagh, J, Whitehorn, P. R, and Wiemers, M
- Published
- 2018
21. Body-size shifts in aquatic and terrestrial urban communities
- Author
-
Merckx, T., Souffreau, C., Kaiser, A., Baardsen, L.F., Backeljau, T., Bonte, D., Brans, K.I., Cours, M., Dahirel, M., Debortoli, N., De Wolf, K., Engelen, J.M.T., Fontaneto, D., Gianuca, Andros Tarouco, Govaert, L., Hendrickx, F., Higuti, J., Lens, L., Martens, K., Matheve, H., Matthysen, E., Piano, E., Sablon, R., Schön, I., Van Doninck, K., De Meester, L., Van Dyck, H., Merckx, T., Souffreau, C., Kaiser, A., Baardsen, L.F., Backeljau, T., Bonte, D., Brans, K.I., Cours, M., Dahirel, M., Debortoli, N., De Wolf, K., Engelen, J.M.T., Fontaneto, D., Gianuca, Andros Tarouco, Govaert, L., Hendrickx, F., Higuti, J., Lens, L., Martens, K., Matheve, H., Matthysen, E., Piano, E., Sablon, R., Schön, I., Van Doninck, K., De Meester, L., and Van Dyck, H.
- Abstract
Body size is intrinsically linked to metabolic rate and life-history traits, and is a crucial determinant of food webs and community dynamics1,2. The increased temperatures associated with the urban-heat-island effect result in increased metabolic costs and are expected to drive shifts to smaller body sizes3. Urban environments are, however, also characterized by substantial habitat fragmentation4, which favours mobile species. Here, using a replicated, spatially nested sampling design across ten animal taxonomic groups, we show that urban communities generally consist of smaller species. In addition, although we show urban warming for three habitat types and associated reduced community-weighted mean body sizes for four taxa, three taxa display a shift to larger species along the urbanization gradients. Our results show that the general trend towards smaller-sized species is overruled by filtering for larger species when there is positive covariation between size and dispersal, a process that can mitigate the low connectivity of ecological resources in urban settings5. We thus demonstrate that the urban-heat-island effect and urban habitat fragmentation are associated with contrasting community-level shifts in body size that critically depend on the association between body size and dispersal. Because body size determines the structure and dynamics of ecological networks1, such shifts may affect urban ecosystem function.
- Published
- 2018
22. Zakboekje voor het ziekenhuis 2016. Arts en management
- Author
-
Cuypers, R., Dillen, M., De Gendt, T., D' Huys, S., Govaerts, G., Hellemans, L., Nys, H., Ossieur, Stanislas, Van den Eeden, E., and Van Dyck, H.
- Subjects
Law - Published
- 2016
23. Systemic insecticides (neonicotinoids and fipronil): trends, uses, mode of action and metabolites: Environmental Science and Pollution Research
- Author
-
Simon-Delso, N., Amaral-Rogers, V., Belzunces, L.P., Bonmatin, J.M., Chagnon, M., Downs, C., Furlan, L., Gibbons, D.W., Giorio, C., Girolami, V., Goulson, D., Kreutzweiser, D.P., Krupke, C.H., Liess, M., Long, E., McField, M., Mineau, P., Mitchell, E.A.D., Morrissey, C.A., Noome, D.A., Pisa, L., Settele, J., Stark, J.D., Tapparo, A., Van Dyck, H., Van Praagh, J., Van der Sluijs, J.P., Whitehorn, P.R., Wiemers, M., and Environmental Sciences
- Subjects
Systemic insecticides ,Metabolites ,Neonicotinoid ,Agriculture ,Fipronil ,Trends ,Mechanism of action ,Seed treatment - Abstract
Since their discovery in the late 1980s, neonicotinoid pesticides have become the most widely used class of insecticides worldwide, with large-scale applications ranging from plant protection (crops, vegetables, fruits), veterinary products, and biocides to invertebrate pest control in fish farming. In this review, we address the phenyl-pyrazole fipronil together with neonicotinoids because of similarities in their toxicity, physicochemical profiles, and presence in the environment. Neonicotinoids and fipronil currently account for approximately one third of the world insecticide market; the annual world production of the archetype neonicotinoid, imidacloprid, was estimated to be ca. 20,000 tonnes active substance in 2010. There were several reasons for the initial success of neonicotinoids and fipronil: (1) there was no known pesticide resistance in target pests, mainly because of their recent development, (2) their physicochemical properties included many advantages over previous generations of insecticides (i.e., organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, etc.), and (3) they shared an assumed reduced operator and consumer risk. Due to their systemic nature, they are taken up by the roots or leaves and translocated to all parts of the plant, which, in turn, makes them effectively toxic to herbivorous insects. The toxicity persists for a variable period of time— depending on the plant, its growth stage, and the amount of pesticide applied. Awide variety of applications are available, including the most common prophylactic non-Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) application by seed coating. As a result of their extensive use and physicochemical properties, these substances can be found in all environmental compartments including soil, water, and air. Neonicotinoids and fipronil operate by disrupting neural transmission in the central nervous system of invertebrates. Neonicotinoids mimic the action of neurotransmitters, while fipronil inhibits neuronal receptors. In doing so, they continuously stimulate neurons leading ultimately to death of target invertebrates. Like virtually all insecticides, they can also have lethal and sublethal impacts on non-target organisms, including insect predators and vertebrates. Furthermore, a range of synergistic effects with other stressors have been documented. Here, we review extensively their metabolic pathways, showing how they form both compound-specific and common metabolites which can themselves be toxic. These may result in prolonged toxicity. Considering their wide commercial expansion, mode of action, the systemic properties in plants, persistence and environmental fate, coupled with limited information about the toxicity profiles of these compounds and their metabolites, neonicotinoids and fipronil may entail significant risks to the environment. A global evaluation of the potential collateral effects of their use is therefore timely. The present paper and subsequent chapters in this review of the global literature explore these risks and show a growing body of evidence that persistent, low concentrations of these insecticides pose serious risks of undesirable environmental impacts.
- Published
- 2015
24. Conclusions of the Worldwide Integrated Assessment on the risks of neonicotinoids and fipronil to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: Environmental Science and Pollution Research
- Author
-
van der Sluijs, J.P., Amaral-Rogers, V., Belzunces, L.P., Bijleveld van Lexmond, M.F.I.J., Bonmatin, J-M., Chagnon, M., Downs, C.A., Furlan, L., Gibbons, D.W., Giorio, C., Girolami, V., Goulson, D., Kreutzweiser, D.P., Krupke, C., Liess, M., Long, E., McField, M., Mineau, P., Mitchell, E.A.D., Morrissey, C.A., Noome, D.A., Pisa, L., Settele, J., Simon-Delso, N., Stark, J.D., Tapparo, A., Van Dyck, H., van Praagh, J., Whitehorn, P.R., Wiemers, M., and Environmental Sciences
- Abstract
The side effects of the current global use of pesticides on wildlife, particularly at higher levels of biological organization: populations, communities and ecosystems, are poorly understood (Köhler and Triebskorn 2013). Here, we focus on one of the problematic groups of agrochemicals, the systemic insecticides fipronil and those of the neonicotinoid family. The increasing global reliance on the partly prophylactic use of these persistent and potent neurotoxic systemic insecticides has raised concerns about their impacts on biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and ecosystem services provided by a wide range of affected species and environments. The present scale of use, combinedwith the properties of these compounds, has resulted in widespread contamination of agricultural soils, freshwater resources, wetlands, non-target vegetation and estuarine and coastal marine systems, which means that many organisms inhabiting these habitats are being repeatedly and chronically exposed to effective concentrations of these insecticides.
- Published
- 2015
25. Effects of neonicotinoids and fipronil on non-target invertebrates: Environmental Science and Pollution Research
- Author
-
Pisa, L.W., Amaral-Rogers, V., Belzunces, L.P., Bonmatin, J.M., Downs, C.A., Goulson, D., Kreutzweiser, D.P., Krupke, C., Liess, M., McField, M., Morrissey, C.A., Noome, D.A., Settele, J., Simon-Delso, N., Stark, J.D., Van der Sluijs, J.P., Van Dyck, H., Wiemers, M., and Environmental Sciences
- Subjects
Neonicotinoids ,Non-target species ,Honeybee ,Earthworms ,Freshwater habitat ,Pesticides ,Fipronil ,Marine habitat ,Invertebrates ,Butterflies - Abstract
We assessed the state of knowledge regarding the effects of large-scale pollution with neonicotinoid insecticides and fipronil on non-target invertebrate species of terrestrial, freshwater and marine environments. A large section of the assessment is dedicated to the state of knowledge on sublethal effects on honeybees (Apis mellifera) because this important pollinator is the most studied non-target invertebrate species. Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), Lumbricidae (earthworms), Apoidae sensu lato (bumblebees, solitary bees) and the section “other invertebrates” review available studies on the other terrestrial species. The sections on freshwater and marine species are rather short as little is known so far about the impact of neonicotinoid insecticides and fipronil on the diverse invertebrate fauna of these widely exposed habitats.
- Published
- 2015
26. Systemic insecticides (neonicotinoids and fipronil): trends, uses, mode of action and metabolites: Environmental Science and Pollution Research
- Author
-
Environmental Sciences, Simon-Delso, N., Amaral-Rogers, V., Belzunces, L.P., Bonmatin, J.M., Chagnon, M., Downs, C., Furlan, L., Gibbons, D.W., Giorio, C., Girolami, V., Goulson, D., Kreutzweiser, D.P., Krupke, C.H., Liess, M., Long, E., McField, M., Mineau, P., Mitchell, E.A.D., Morrissey, C.A., Noome, D.A., Pisa, L., Settele, J., Stark, J.D., Tapparo, A., Van Dyck, H., Van Praagh, J., Van der Sluijs, J.P., Whitehorn, P.R., Wiemers, M., Environmental Sciences, Simon-Delso, N., Amaral-Rogers, V., Belzunces, L.P., Bonmatin, J.M., Chagnon, M., Downs, C., Furlan, L., Gibbons, D.W., Giorio, C., Girolami, V., Goulson, D., Kreutzweiser, D.P., Krupke, C.H., Liess, M., Long, E., McField, M., Mineau, P., Mitchell, E.A.D., Morrissey, C.A., Noome, D.A., Pisa, L., Settele, J., Stark, J.D., Tapparo, A., Van Dyck, H., Van Praagh, J., Van der Sluijs, J.P., Whitehorn, P.R., and Wiemers, M.
- Published
- 2015
27. Effects of neonicotinoids and fipronil on non-target invertebrates: Environmental Science and Pollution Research
- Author
-
Environmental Sciences, Pisa, L.W., Amaral-Rogers, V., Belzunces, L.P., Bonmatin, J.M., Downs, C.A., Goulson, D., Kreutzweiser, D.P., Krupke, C., Liess, M., McField, M., Morrissey, C.A., Noome, D.A., Settele, J., Simon-Delso, N., Stark, J.D., Van der Sluijs, J.P., Van Dyck, H., Wiemers, M., Environmental Sciences, Pisa, L.W., Amaral-Rogers, V., Belzunces, L.P., Bonmatin, J.M., Downs, C.A., Goulson, D., Kreutzweiser, D.P., Krupke, C., Liess, M., McField, M., Morrissey, C.A., Noome, D.A., Settele, J., Simon-Delso, N., Stark, J.D., Van der Sluijs, J.P., Van Dyck, H., and Wiemers, M.
- Published
- 2015
28. Conclusions of the Worldwide Integrated Assessment on the risks of neonicotinoids and fipronil to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: Environmental Science and Pollution Research
- Author
-
Environmental Sciences, van der Sluijs, J.P., Amaral-Rogers, V., Belzunces, L.P., Bijleveld van Lexmond, M.F.I.J., Bonmatin, J-M., Chagnon, M., Downs, C.A., Furlan, L., Gibbons, D.W., Giorio, C., Girolami, V., Goulson, D., Kreutzweiser, D.P., Krupke, C., Liess, M., Long, E., McField, M., Mineau, P., Mitchell, E.A.D., Morrissey, C.A., Noome, D.A., Pisa, L., Settele, J., Simon-Delso, N., Stark, J.D., Tapparo, A., Van Dyck, H., van Praagh, J., Whitehorn, P.R., Wiemers, M., Environmental Sciences, van der Sluijs, J.P., Amaral-Rogers, V., Belzunces, L.P., Bijleveld van Lexmond, M.F.I.J., Bonmatin, J-M., Chagnon, M., Downs, C.A., Furlan, L., Gibbons, D.W., Giorio, C., Girolami, V., Goulson, D., Kreutzweiser, D.P., Krupke, C., Liess, M., Long, E., McField, M., Mineau, P., Mitchell, E.A.D., Morrissey, C.A., Noome, D.A., Pisa, L., Settele, J., Simon-Delso, N., Stark, J.D., Tapparo, A., Van Dyck, H., van Praagh, J., Whitehorn, P.R., and Wiemers, M.
- Published
- 2015
29. Toestand van de dagvlinders in Wallonië:regionale balans en lessen voor Vlaanderen
- Author
-
Van Dyck, H, Fichefet, V, Dufrêne, M, and Maes, Dirk
- Subjects
dagvlinders (Lepidoptera) ,Wallonië ,Insecten ,B320-zo�geografie ,biodiversiteitsbeleid - Published
- 2009
30. Adaption and plasticity in butterflies: interplay of genes and environment
- Author
-
van Dyck, H. and Windig, J.J.
- Subjects
Life Science ,Wageningen Livestock Research - Published
- 2009
31. Vlinderindicatoren:een handige hulp bij het inventariseren
- Author
-
Maes, Dirk, Vanreusel, W, and Van Dyck, H
- Subjects
Insecten - Abstract
Volunteers who participate in mapping schemes or regularly observe nature, eventually gain experience on which species can be expected in a given region or biotope. This enables them to actively search for certain species in those biotopes or landscapes. The presence of other species is often helpful to direct searches. Here, we analyse whether these field-based experiences are reflected in the distribution data of all butterflies iin Flanders. We've listed the indicator value of all butterfly species for other species. Finally, butterflies were clustered based on this indicator value into species groupes typical for Flemish regions and biotopes. These indicator values can be a useful tool in mapping projects especially when additional species of other taxonomic groups could be analysed for their indicator value for other species.
- Published
- 2007
32. Veranderingen in biodiversiteit van bos en heide door de eeuwen heen:relaties tussen flora, fauna en landschapsdynamiek
- Author
-
Verheyen, K, Piessens, K, Desender, K, Van Dyck, H, Van Elegem, B, Vermeersch, Glenn, Van Landuyt, Wouter, and Maes, Dirk
- Subjects
Natuur- en bosgebieden - Published
- 2005
33. Doorbreek de taxonomische hokjesmentaliteit!:een pleidooi voor een multisoortenaanpak in het Vlaamse natuurbehoud
- Author
-
Maes, Dirk and Van Dyck, H
- Subjects
Vlaanderen ,Fauna ,Flora ,B270-plantenecologie ,B280-dierenecologie ,biodiversiteitsbeleid - Published
- 2005
34. Conclusions of the Worldwide Integrated Assessment on the risks of neonicotinoids and fipronil to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning
- Author
-
Van der Sluijs, J.P., Amaral-Rogers, V., Belzunces, L.P., Bijleveld van Lexmond, M.F.I.J., Bonmatin, J.M., Chagnon, M., Downs, C.A., Furlan, L., Gibbons, D.W., Giorio, C., Girolami, V., Goulson, D., Kreutzweiser, D.P., Krupke, C., Liess, Matthias, Long, E., McField, M., Mineau, P., Mitchell, E.A.D., Morrissey, C.A., Noome, D.A., Pisa, L., Settele, Josef, Simon-Delso, N., Stark, J.D., Tapparo, A., Van Dyck, H., Van Praagh, J., Whitehorn, P.R., Wiemers, Martin, Van der Sluijs, J.P., Amaral-Rogers, V., Belzunces, L.P., Bijleveld van Lexmond, M.F.I.J., Bonmatin, J.M., Chagnon, M., Downs, C.A., Furlan, L., Gibbons, D.W., Giorio, C., Girolami, V., Goulson, D., Kreutzweiser, D.P., Krupke, C., Liess, Matthias, Long, E., McField, M., Mineau, P., Mitchell, E.A.D., Morrissey, C.A., Noome, D.A., Pisa, L., Settele, Josef, Simon-Delso, N., Stark, J.D., Tapparo, A., Van Dyck, H., Van Praagh, J., Whitehorn, P.R., and Wiemers, Martin
- Abstract
The side effects of the current global use of pesticides on wildlife, particularly at higher levels of biological organization: populations, communities and ecosystems, are poorly understood (Köhler and Triebskorn 2013). Here, we focus on one of the problematic groups of agrochemicals, the systemic insecticides fipronil and those of the neonicotinoid family. The increasing global reliance on the partly prophylactic use of these persistent and potent neurotoxic systemic insecticides has raised concerns about their impacts on biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and ecosystem services provided by a wide range of affected species and environments. The present scale of use, combined with the properties of these compounds, has resulted in widespread contamination of agricultural soils, freshwater resources, wetlands, non-target vegetation and estuarine and coastal marine systems, which means that many organisms inhabiting these habitats are being repeatedly and chronically expose ...
- Published
- 2014
35. Effects of neonicotinoids and fipronil on non-target invertebrates
- Author
-
Pisa, L.W., Amaral-Rogers, V., Belzunces, L.P., Bonmatin, J.M., Downs, C.A., Goulson, D., Kreutzweiser, D.P., Krupke, C., Liess, Matthias, McField, M., Morrissey, C.A., Noome, D.A., Settele, Josef, Simon-Delso, N., Stark, J.D., van der Sluijs, J., Van Dyck, H., Wiemers, Martin, Pisa, L.W., Amaral-Rogers, V., Belzunces, L.P., Bonmatin, J.M., Downs, C.A., Goulson, D., Kreutzweiser, D.P., Krupke, C., Liess, Matthias, McField, M., Morrissey, C.A., Noome, D.A., Settele, Josef, Simon-Delso, N., Stark, J.D., van der Sluijs, J., Van Dyck, H., and Wiemers, Martin
- Abstract
We assessed the state of knowledge regarding the effects of large-scale pollution with neonicotinoid insecticides and fipronil on non-target invertebrate species of terrestrial, freshwater and marine environments. A large section of the assessment is dedicated to the state of knowledge on sublethal effects on honeybees (Apis mellifera) because this important pollinator is the most studied non-target invertebrate species. Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), Lumbricidae (earthworms), Apoidae sensu lato (bumblebees, solitary bees) and the section “other invertebrates” review available studies on the other terrestrial species. The sections on freshwater and marine species are rather short as little is known so far about the impact of neonicotinoid insecticides and fipronil on the diverse invertebrate fauna of these widely exposed habitats. For terrestrial and aquatic invertebrate species, the known effects of neonicotinoid pesticides and fipronil are described ranging from organismal toxicology and behavioural effects to population-level effects. For earthworms, freshwater and marine species, the relation of findings to regulatory risk assessment is described. Neonicotinoid insecticides exhibit very high toxicity to a wide range of invertebrates, particularly insects, and field-realistic exposure is likely to result in both lethal and a broad range of important sublethal impacts. There is a major knowledge gap regarding impacts on the grand majority of invertebrates, many of which perform essential roles enabling healthy ecosystem functioning. The data on the few non-target species on which field tests have been performed are limited by major flaws in the outdated test protocols. Despite large knowledge gaps and uncertainties, enough knowledge exists to conclude that existing levels of pollution with neonicotinoids and fipronil resulting from presently authorized uses frequently exceed the lowest observed adverse effect concentrations and are thus likely to have large
- Published
- 2014
36. Systemic insecticides (neonicotinoids and fipronil): trends, uses, mode of action and metabolites
- Author
-
Simon-Delso, N., Amaral-Rogers, V., Belzunces, L.P., Bonmatin, J.M., Chagnon, M., Downs, C.A., Furlan, L., Gibbons, D.W., Giorio, C., Girolami, V., Goulson, D., Kreutzweiser, D.P., Krupke, C.H., Liess, Matthias, Long, E., McField, M., Mineau, P., Mitchell, E.A.D., Morrissey, C.A., Noome, D.A., Pisa, L., Settele, Josef, Stark, J.D., Tapparo, A., Van Dyck, H., Van Praagh, J., Van der Sluijs, J.P., Whitehorn, P.R., Wiemers, Martin, Simon-Delso, N., Amaral-Rogers, V., Belzunces, L.P., Bonmatin, J.M., Chagnon, M., Downs, C.A., Furlan, L., Gibbons, D.W., Giorio, C., Girolami, V., Goulson, D., Kreutzweiser, D.P., Krupke, C.H., Liess, Matthias, Long, E., McField, M., Mineau, P., Mitchell, E.A.D., Morrissey, C.A., Noome, D.A., Pisa, L., Settele, Josef, Stark, J.D., Tapparo, A., Van Dyck, H., Van Praagh, J., Van der Sluijs, J.P., Whitehorn, P.R., and Wiemers, Martin
- Abstract
Since their discovery in the late 1980s, neonicotinoid pesticides have become the most widely used class of insecticides worldwide, with large-scale applications ranging from plant protection (crops, vegetables, fruits), veterinary products, and biocides to invertebrate pest control in fish farming. In this review, we address the phenyl-pyrazole fipronil together with neonicotinoids because of similarities in their toxicity, physicochemical profiles, and presence in the environment. Neonicotinoids and fipronil currently account for approximately one third of the world insecticide market; the annual world production of the archetype neonicotinoid, imidacloprid, was estimated to be ca. 20,000 tonnes active substance in 2010. There were several reasons for the initial success of neonicotinoids and fipronil: (1) there was no known pesticide resistance in target pests, mainly because of their recent development, (2) their physicochemical properties included many advantages over previous generations of insecticides (i.e., organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, etc.), and (3) they shared an assumed reduced operator and consumer risk. Due to their systemic nature, they are taken up by the roots or leaves and translocated to all parts of the plant, which, in turn, makes them effectively toxic to herbivorous insects. The toxicity persists for a variable period of time—depending on the plant, its growth stage, and the amount of pesticide applied. A wide variety of applications are available, including the most common prophylactic non-Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) application by seed coating. As a result of their extensive use and physicochemical properties, these substances can be found in all environmental compartments including soil, water, and air. Neonicotinoids and fipronil operate by disrupting neural transmission in the central nervous system of invertebrates. Neonicotinoids mimic the action of neurotransmitters, while fipronil inhibits neuronal recepto
- Published
- 2014
37. Conclusions of the Worldwide Integrated Assessment on the risks of neonicotinoids and fipronil to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning
- Author
-
van der Sluijs, J. P., primary, Amaral-Rogers, V., additional, Belzunces, L. P., additional, Bijleveld van Lexmond, M. F. I. J., additional, Bonmatin, J-M., additional, Chagnon, M., additional, Downs, C. A., additional, Furlan, L., additional, Gibbons, D. W., additional, Giorio, C., additional, Girolami, V., additional, Goulson, D., additional, Kreutzweiser, D. P., additional, Krupke, C., additional, Liess, M., additional, Long, E., additional, McField, M., additional, Mineau, P., additional, Mitchell, E. A. D., additional, Morrissey, C. A., additional, Noome, D. A., additional, Pisa, L., additional, Settele, J., additional, Simon-Delso, N., additional, Stark, J. D., additional, Tapparo, A., additional, Van Dyck, H., additional, van Praagh, J., additional, Whitehorn, P. R., additional, and Wiemers, M., additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Systemic insecticides (neonicotinoids and fipronil): trends, uses, mode of action and metabolites
- Author
-
Simon-Delso, N., primary, Amaral-Rogers, V., additional, Belzunces, L. P., additional, Bonmatin, J. M., additional, Chagnon, M., additional, Downs, C., additional, Furlan, L., additional, Gibbons, D. W., additional, Giorio, C., additional, Girolami, V., additional, Goulson, D., additional, Kreutzweiser, D. P., additional, Krupke, C. H., additional, Liess, M., additional, Long, E., additional, McField, M., additional, Mineau, P., additional, Mitchell, E. A. D., additional, Morrissey, C. A., additional, Noome, D. A., additional, Pisa, L., additional, Settele, J., additional, Stark, J. D., additional, Tapparo, A., additional, Van Dyck, H., additional, Van Praagh, J., additional, Van der Sluijs, J. P., additional, Whitehorn, P. R., additional, and Wiemers, M., additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Effects of neonicotinoids and fipronil on non-target invertebrates
- Author
-
Pisa, L. W., primary, Amaral-Rogers, V., additional, Belzunces, L. P., additional, Bonmatin, J. M., additional, Downs, C. A., additional, Goulson, D., additional, Kreutzweiser, D. P., additional, Krupke, C., additional, Liess, M., additional, McField, M., additional, Morrissey, C. A., additional, Noome, D. A., additional, Settele, J., additional, Simon-Delso, N., additional, Stark, J. D., additional, Van der Sluijs, J. P., additional, Van Dyck, H., additional, and Wiemers, M., additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Sprinkhanen and the city: (g)een sprong te ver? : evolutie in actie bij de Bruine sprinkhaan in het stedelijk milieu
- Author
-
Van Dyck, H., San Martin, G., Van Dyck, H., and San Martin, G.
- Abstract
Bij natuur in de stad denk je niet onmiddellijk aan sprinkhanen. Toch blijken deze rechtvleugeligen boeiende relaties te hebben met die betonnen wereld op mensenmaat. Maar de ene sprinkhaan is de andere niet. In dit artikel kijken we vooral naar de Bruine sprinkhaan. Populaties binnen de stad blijken te verschillen van populaties in het buitengebied. Zit Darwin ook in Brussel en Antwerpen?
- Published
- 2013
41. Heivlinders op de helling: van Kwetsbaar naar Bedreigd : habitatgebruik en mobiliteit in Nationaal Park Hoge Kempen
- Author
-
Segers, N., Jacobs, I., Vanreusel, W., Van Dyck, H., Maes, D., Segers, N., Jacobs, I., Vanreusel, W., Van Dyck, H., and Maes, D.
- Abstract
66% van alle dagvlinders in Vlaanderen is uitgestorven of in mindere of meerdere mate bedreigd. Ook de Heivlinder heeft het zwaar te verduren en staat op de Vlaamse Rode Lijst in de categorie Bedreigd (Maes et al.2011). Op Europees niveau is het een "Species of Conversation Concern" (van Swaay et al. 2011). Kan de achteruitgang van deze soort gestopt worden? Een studie in het Nationaal Park Hoge Kempen formuleert enkele concrete maatregelen.
- Published
- 2013
42. Oviposition of a specialized myrmecophilous Maculinea butterfly: does the presence of ant nests matter ?
- Author
-
van Dyck, H., Oostermeijer, J.G.B., Talloen, W., Feenstra, V., van der Hidde, A., and Experimental Plant Systematics (IBED, FNWI)
- Published
- 2000
43. Phenotypic plasticity in butterfly morphology in response to weather conditions during development
- Author
-
Gibbs, M., Wiklund, C., Van Dyck, H., Gibbs, M., Wiklund, C., and Van Dyck, H.
- Abstract
In seasonal environments, phenotypic plasticity in response to gradual changes in environmental variables may result in the production of discrete seasonal morphs. Production of the appropriate seasonal morph at the correct time relies on individuals interpreting environmental cues during their development. The speckled wood butterfly Pararge aegeria (L.) has previously been shown to have developmental and phenotypic plasticity across seasons and space (habitats). Here, we examine the developmental sensitivity of different seasonal cohorts of female P. aegeria to changes in local weather conditions over time (1989–1999) and determine how such temporal climatic variation affects adult phenotype development. We observed trait- and cohort-specific changes of adult phenotype development in response to local temporal changes in temperature and rainfall levels. We discuss our findings using current life-history theory and consider the potential for changes in local weather conditions to influence population variability in butterfly morphology and performance.
- Published
- 2011
44. Nieuwe Vlaamse Rode Lijst dagvlinders
- Author
-
Maes, D., Vanreusel, W., Jacobs, I., Berwaerts, K., Van Dyck, H., Maes, D., Vanreusel, W., Jacobs, I., Berwaerts, K., and Van Dyck, H.
- Abstract
De vorige Rode Lijst van de dagvlinders in Vlaanderen is ondertussen al meer dan 10 jaar oud en was dus aan herziening toe. Ook werden er door de International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) nieuwe, internationaal aanvaarde criteria ontwikkeld voor het opstellen van Rode Lijsten op regionale schaal. Met behulp van deze IUCN-criteria stelden we een nieuwe Rode Lijst van de dagvlinders in Vlaanderen op.
- Published
- 2011
45. Sick wings: the effects of the baculovirus AcMNPV on wing development in the speckled wood butterfly, Pararge aegeria
- Author
-
Breuker, C.J., Gibbs, M., Hesketh, H., van Dyck, H., Hails, R.S., Breuker, C.J., Gibbs, M., Hesketh, H., van Dyck, H., and Hails, R.S.
- Abstract
Baculoviruses not only affect resource allocation to growth and reproduction, but they also have the possibility to act on host signalling pathways involved in cell differentiation and thus tissue patterning. Infection typically starts in the insect gut after ingesting virally contaminated food, and the infection will spread to other tissues aided by, for example, metalloproteases. Metalloproteases, such as tolloid, regulate in normal host development the activity of the decapentaplegic (dpp) antagonist short gastrulation (sog). Dpp plays a key role in regulating wing shape, size and wing vein positioning. Overexpression of tolloid in Drosophila pupae results in wing abnormalities, especially in the posterior part of the wing, as it disturbs the balance between sog and dpp levels. It is known in Drosophila that bacteria that produce a number of different metalloproteases in their host, cause similar wing defects as when tolloid is overexpressed. The baculovirus AcMNPV produces the metalloprotease cathepsin (Ac-)v-cath. Cathepsin is not homologous to tolloid, but just as efficient a metalloprotease, and is known in flies to affect wing and leg imaginal discs outgrowth. Nothing is known, however, about how it affects wing shape and wing venation patterning. In this talk I will discuss in detail, at the phenotypic level, how wing development was affected in a series of experiments in which second instar speckled wood (Pararge aegeria) caterpillars were infected with different doses of AcMNPV. The implications of the effects of baculoviruses modulating wing development in natural populations will be discussed.
- Published
- 2010
46. Ecology of butterflies in Europe
- Author
-
Settele, Josef, Shreeve, T., Konvička, M., Van Dyck, H., Settele, Josef, Shreeve, T., Konvička, M., and Van Dyck, H.
- Abstract
Due to the attractiveness of butterflies, and their usefulness as model systems for biological questions, there has been a considerable amount of material written on butterfly biology, largely in Europe. This book synthesizes all relevant and recent knowledge in the field, which is a must for those making use of this taxonomic group as a model system. It is divided into five major parts which deal with habitat use, population ecology and genetics, evolutionary ecology, distribution and phylogeny, and global change and conservation. There are growing numbers of scientific projects and networks in Europe in which the use of butterflies as tools and targets for conservation is central, and application of knowledge is closely related to European cultural landscapes. However, the chapters can also be applied to a wide geographic scope. Written by an international team of experts, this timely book is suitable for students, researchers and enthusiasts.
- Published
- 2009
47. Butterflies of European ecosystems: impact of land use and options for conservation management
- Author
-
Settele, J., Shreeve, T., Konvička, M., Van Dyck, H., Settele, Josef, Dover, J., Dolek, M., Settele, J., Shreeve, T., Konvička, M., Van Dyck, H., Settele, Josef, Dover, J., and Dolek, M.
- Abstract
Land use has a profound effect on the presence and abundance of butterfly species. Butterflies rely on the presence and quality of a series of ecological resources for all life stages, all of which can be strongly influenced by the management of vegetation. This chapter gives an overview of current knowledge and experience with management aspects of different European biotopes from the viewpoint of butterfly conservation. Traditional management practices have been the driving force for the recent evolution of plant and animal communities of European ecosystems. In modern landscapes, most butterflies cannot survive without active management of their habitats. Biotopes reviewed include woodlands, alpine, subalpine and arctic ecosystems, heathlands, wetlands, grasslands, arable landscapes, and disturbed and urban landscapes. There is a recurrent pattern of dependency on early succession sites. This is also true for many woodland species; management has to be based on maintaining low tree densities with either permanent or dynamically managed clearings. A critical factor for butterfly survival in several biotopes is the continuation of natural disturbances (e.g. such as landslides, or animal grazing). Many sites of conservation interest are too small to sustain viable populations of threatened specialist species, consequently increased connectivity between remaining habitats (e.g. creation of stepping stones) can be crucial to the long-term survival of many species. Unified prescriptions applied across entire regions can be deleterious and possibly even disastrous for some species. Management strategies need to be regionally or locally adapted based on adequate data and knowledge. Agri-environmental schemes may offer the potential to conserve species of the wider countryside, but they should be appropriately targeted to improve significantly the resource base for wildlife. Urban areas also offer opportunities for butterfly survival; a small shift in aesthetic perception
- Published
- 2009
48. Predictive species distribution modelling in butterflies
- Author
-
Settele, J., Shreeve, T., Konvička, M., Van Dyck, H., Schröder, B., Strauss, B., Biedermann, R., Binzenhöfer, Birgit, Settele, Josef, Settele, J., Shreeve, T., Konvička, M., Van Dyck, H., Schröder, B., Strauss, B., Biedermann, R., Binzenhöfer, Birgit, and Settele, Josef
- Published
- 2009
49. Een gedocumenteerde rode lijst van de dagvlinders van Vlaanderen
- Author
-
Maes, Dirk and Van Dyck, H
- Subjects
dagvlinders (Lepidoptera) ,Vlaanderen ,B280-dierenecologie ,B320-zo�geografie ,Rode lijsten ,biodiversiteitsbeleid - Published
- 1996
50. THE MULTITARGET USE OF SPIROTETRAMAT (MOVENTO® 100 SC): SIMULTANEOUS CONTROL OF KEY PESTS IN APPLES
- Author
-
Schoevaerts, C., primary, Goossens, D., additional, D'Haemer, K., additional, Van Dyck, H., additional, and De Maeyer, L., additional
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.