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1. Quality assessment of japonica brown rice J02 (Oryza sativa L. J02) and its hydrolysis ability for the production of a rice-based drink containing an abundance of dextrin

Author

Thu Trang Vu, Thi Trang Nguyen, Hong Quan Duong, Van Hung Nguyen, Viet Hung Le, Viet Hung Nguyen, Xuan Lam Nguyen, Van Tan Le, Giang Hoang, Quoc Tuan Hoang, Thi Thao Nguyen, Tien Cuong Nguyen, Ngoc Hung Pham, Hong Son Vu, Thi Hanh Nguyen, and Ky Son Chu

Subjects
degree of polymerization, dextrose equivalent, hydrolysis, Japonica rice, rice-based drink, Science
Abstract

Plant-based beverages have become very popular in recent emerging markets. Brown rice milk offers several important health benefits because of its various nutritional ingredients such as proteins, carbohydrates, gamma- aminobutyric acid (GABA), and essential vitamins and minerals. Brown rice milk is also low in fats and cholesterol and free of lactose. In this study, japonica brown rice J02 from Thanh Hoa Province presented high nutrition with high protein (8.6% dm) and lipid (2.2% dm) contents as calculated from dry matter and GABA contents of 32 mg/100 g, which is suitable for the plant-based milk processing. J02 rice is also capable of hydrolysis to obtain high molecular sugar in the liquor with slow digestion ability (dextrose equivalent - DE

Published
2023
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2. Clinical and aetiological study of hand, foot and mouth disease in southern Vietnam, 2013–2015: Inpatients and outpatients

Author

Minh Tu Van Hoang, To Anh Nguyen, Tan Thanh Tran, Thi Ty Hang Vu, Nguyen Truc Nhu Le, Thi Han Ny Nguyen, Thanh Hoang Nhat Le, Thi Thu Hong Nguyen, Thanh Hung Nguyen, Nguyen Thanh Nhan Le, Huu Khanh Truong, Tuan Quy Du, Manh Tuan Ha, Lu Viet Ho, Chau Viet Do, Tran Nam Nguyen, Thi My Thanh Nguyen, Saraswathy Sabanathan, Tu Qui Phan, Vinh Chau Nguyen Van, Guy E. Thwaites, Bridget Wills, C. Louise Thwaites, Van Tan Le, and H. Rogier van Doorn

Subjects
Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Background: Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) has been associated with large outbreaks among young children in the Asia-Pacific Region since 1997, including cases of severe illness and death. Severe illness is often associated with enterovirus A71 (EV-A71). Vietnam experienced a large sustained outbreak of 200 000 hospitalized cases and over 200 deaths in 2011–12, the large majority occurring in southern Vietnam. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in the outpatient clinics, infectious diseases wards, and paediatric intensive care units of the three main referral centres for the treatment of HFMD in southern Vietnam. Demographic data, basic laboratory parameters, and clinical data were recorded, and molecular diagnostic tests were performed. Results: Between July 2013 and July 2015, a total of 1547 children were enrolled. Four serotypes of enterovirus A (EV-A71, Coxsackievirus (CV) A6, A10, and A16) were responsible for 1005 of 1327 diagnosed cases (75.7%). An unexpected dominance of EV-A71 was found among both inpatients and outpatients, as well as a strong association with severe illness. CV-A6 and CV-A10 emerged in Vietnam during the study period and replaced CV-A16. CV-A10 was associated with different clinical and laboratory characteristics. During admission, 119 children developed a more severe illness. It was found that children with a skin rash showed less progression of severity, but when a rash was present, a macular rash was significantly associated with an increased risk of progression. Conclusions: This study represents the most comprehensive descriptive HFMD study from Vietnam to date. Co-circulation and replacement of different serotypes has implications for vaccine development and implementation. These findings from a severely affected country add to our understanding of the presentation, progression, and aetiology of HFMD. Keywords: Hand, Foot and mouth disease, Enterovirus, Vietnam, Enterovirus A71, Coxsackievirus

Published
2019
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3. Emerging Monkeypox Virus Sublineage C.1 Causing Community Transmission, Vietnam, 2023

Author

Hoa, Huynh Thi Thuy, Dung, Nguyen Thanh, Hung, Le Manh, Hong, Nguyen Thi Thu, Quy, Vo Truong, Thao, Nguyen Thi, Duy, Nguyen Trong, Truong, Hoang, Hoang, Tran Minh, Thanh, Nguyen Thi, Phuoc, Mai Pham Hong, Trung, Truong Ngoc, Thong, Nguyen Nhut, Huy, Nguyen Due, Thoa, Vu Thi Kim, Vuong, Vo Trong, Tai, Ngo Tan, Nhung, Huynh Kim, Linh, Dao Phuong, Thoa, Pham Thi Ngoc, Yen, Lam Minh, Thien, Tran Ba, Truc, Truong Hoang Chau, Thanh, Le Kim, Ny, Nguyen Thi Han, Hoang, Vo Tan, Ngoc, Nghiem My, Man, Dinh Nguyen Huy, Thwaites, Louise, Thanh, Tran Tan, Van Vinh Chau, Nguyen, Thwaites, Guy, Anh, Nguyen To, and Van Tan, Le

Subjects
Human monkeypox -- Distribution -- Genetic aspects, Disease transmission -- Research, Company distribution practices, Health
Abstract

To date, most globally reported mpox sequences have come from Europe and North America, where sustained human-to-human transmission has resulted in explosive mpox outbreaks, especially in 2022 (1). A hallmark [...]

Published
2024
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5. Solvent Extraction of Thorium Using 5,11,17,23-Tetra[(2-ethyl acetoethoxyphenyl)(azo)phenyl]calix[4]arene

Author

Quang Hieu Tran, Van Tan Le, and Van Cuong Nguyen

Subjects
Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

A rapid, sensitive, and selective method for determination of thorium based on the complex with ortho-ester tetra-azophenylcalix[4]arene (TEAC) was described. In the presence of pH of 4–6, TEAC-Th(IV) complex is extracted from an acidic aqueous solution into chloroform layer. The absorbance intensity of complex was measured by UV-Vis spectrometer at 525 nm and the molar absorptivity was found to be 2.4 × 104. Beer’s law was obeyed in the range of 1.0 to 25 × 10−5 M thorium(IV). The effects of pH, TEAC concentration, and shaking time were also studied. The tolerance limits for several metal ions were calculated. The proposed method was applied to the determination of thorium in synthetic solution and in the monazite sand samples with good results.

Published
2016
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7. Viral etiology of encephalitis in children in southern Vietnam: results of a one-year prospective descriptive study.

Author

Van Tan Le, Tu Qui Phan, Quang Ha Do, Bach Hue Nguyen, Quoi Bao Lam, Van Cam Bach, Huu Khanh Truong, Tinh Hien Tran, Van Vinh Chau Nguyen, Tan Tram Tran, Minh Hien Vo, Vu Thieu Nga Tran, Constance Schultsz, Jeremy Farrar, H Rogier van Doorn, and Menno D de Jong

Subjects
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Acute encephalitis is an important and severe disease in children in Vietnam. However, little is known about the etiology while such knowledge is essential for optimal prevention and treatment. To identify viral causes of encephalitis, in 2004 we conducted a one-year descriptive study at Children's Hospital Number One, a referral hospital for children in southern Vietnam including Ho Chi Minh City.Children less than 16 years of age presenting with acute encephalitis of presumed viral etiology were enrolled. Diagnostic efforts included viral culture, serology and real time (RT)-PCRs. A confirmed or probable viral causative agent was established in 41% of 194 enrolled patients. The most commonly diagnosed causative agent was Japanese encephalitis virus (n = 50, 26%), followed by enteroviruses (n = 18, 9.3%), dengue virus (n = 9, 4.6%), herpes simplex virus (n = 1), cytomegalovirus (n = 1) and influenza A virus (n = 1). Fifty-seven (29%) children died acutely. Fatal outcome was independently associated with patient age and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) on admission.Acute encephalitis in children in southern Vietnam is associated with high mortality. Although the etiology remains unknown in a majority of the patients, the result from the present study may be useful for future design of treatment and prevention strategies of the disease. The recognition of GCS and age as predictive factors may be helpful for clinicians in managing the patient.

Published
2010
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9. Urinary catecholamine excretion, cardiovascular variability, and outcomes in tetanus

Author

Du, Duc Hong, Hao, Nguyen Quan Nhu, Van Hao, Nguyen, Thanh, Tran Tan, Loan, Huynh Thi, Yen, Lam Minh, Thuy, Tran Thi Diem, Thuy, Duong Bich, Nguyen, Nguyen Thanh, Dung, Nguyen Thi Phuong, Kestelyn, Evelyne, Duong, Ha Thi Hai, Phong, Nguyen Thanh, Tuyen, Pham Thi, Phu, Nguyen Hoan, Nghia, Ho Dang Trung, Hanh, Bui Thi Bich, Oanh, Pham Kieu Nguyet, Tho, Phan Vinh, Nhat, Phung Tran Huy, Khanh, Phan Nguyen Quoc, Wyncoll, Duncan, Day, Nicholas P. J., Van Vinh Chau, Nguyen, van Doorn, H. Rogier, Van Tan, Le, Geskus, Ronald B., and Thwaites, C. Louise

Published
2023
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10. Monkeypox Virus Infection in 2 Female Travelers Returning to Vietnam from Dubai, United Arab Emirates, 2022

Author

Dung, Nguyen Thanh, Hung, Le Manh, Hoa, Huynh Thi Thuy, Nga, Le Hong, Hong, Nguyen Thi Thu, Thuong, Tang Chi, Ngoc, Nghiem My, Ny, Nguyen Thi Han, Quy, Vo Truong, Thoa, Vu Thi Kim, Thanh, Nguyen Thi, Tho, Phan Vinh, Toan, Le Mau, Quang, Vo Minh, Man, Dinh Nguyen Huy, Phat, Nguyen Tan, Phuong, Tran Thi Lan, Tam, Tran Thi Thanh, Thoa, Pham Thi Ngoc, Tam, Nguyen Hong, Lan, Truong Thi Thanh, Thanh, Tran Tan, Maurer-Stroh, Sebastian, Khanh, Le Thuy Thuy, Yen, Lam Minh, Hung, Nguyen Huu, Thwaites, Guy, Tung, Nguyen Le Nhu, Thwaites, Louise, Chau, Nguyen Van Vinh, Anh, Nguyen To, and Van Tan, Le

Subjects
Human monkeypox -- Case studies, Travelers -- Case studies, Disease transmission -- Case studies, Health
Abstract

By January 12, 2023, more than 84,500 mpox cases and 80 deaths had been reported from 110 countries because of an ongoing multicountry outbreak (1). Cases from Europe and Americas [...]

Published
2023
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13. Severity Detection Tool for Patients with Infectious Disease

Author

Tadesse, Girmaw Abebe, Zhu, Tingting, Thanh, Nhan Le Nguyen, Hung, Nguyen Thanh, Duong, Ha Thi Hai, Khanh, Truong Huu, Van Quang, Pham, Tran, Duc Duong, Yen, LamMinh, Van Doorn, H Rogier, Van Hao, Nguyen, Prince, John, Javed, Hamza, DaniKiyasseh, Van Tan, Le, Thwaites, Louise, and Clifton, David A.

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) and tetanus are serious infectious diseases in low and middle income countries. Tetanus in particular has a high mortality rate and its treatment is resource-demanding. Furthermore, HFMD often affects a large number of infants and young children. As a result, its treatment consumes enormous healthcare resources, especially when outbreaks occur. Autonomic nervous system dysfunction (ANSD) is the main cause of death for both HFMD and tetanus patients. However, early detection of ANSD is a difficult and challenging problem. In this paper, we aim to provide a proof-of-principle to detect the ANSD level automatically by applying machine learning techniques to physiological patient data, such as electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmogram (PPG) waveforms, which can be collected using low-cost wearable sensors. Efficient features are extracted that encode variations in the waveforms in the time and frequency domains. A support vector machine is employed to classify the ANSD levels. The proposed approach is validated on multiple datasets of HFMD and tetanus patients in Vietnam. Results show that encouraging performance is achieved in classifying ANSD levels. Moreover, the proposed features are simple, more generalisable and outperformed the standard heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. The proposed approach would facilitate both the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases in low and middle income countries, and thereby improve overall patient care.

Published
2019

14. STROBE-metagenomics: a STROBE extension statement to guide the reporting of metagenomics studies

Author

Bharucha, Tehmina, Oeser, Clarissa, Balloux, Francois, Brown, Julianne R, Carbo, Ellen C, Charlett, Andre, Chiu, Charles Y, Claas, Eric CJ, de Goffau, Marcus C, de Vries, Jutte JC, Eloit, Marc, Hopkins, Susan, Huggett, Jim F, MacCannell, Duncan, Morfopoulou, Sofia, Nath, Avindra, O'Sullivan, Denise M, Reoma, Lauren B, Shaw, Liam P, Sidorov, Igor, Simner, Patricia J, Van Tan, Le, Thomson, Emma C, van Dorp, Lucy, Wilson, Michael R, Breuer, Judith, and Field, Nigel

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences, Health Sciences, Medical Microbiology, Genetics, Human Genome, Good Health and Well Being, Computational Biology, Humans, Metagenomics, Molecular Epidemiology, Research Design, Public Health and Health Services, Microbiology, Clinical sciences, Medical microbiology
Abstract

The term metagenomics refers to the use of sequencing methods to simultaneously identify genomic material from all organisms present in a sample, with the advantage of greater taxonomic resolution than culture or other methods. Applications include pathogen detection and discovery, species characterisation, antimicrobial resistance detection, virulence profiling, and study of the microbiome and microecological factors affecting health. However, metagenomics involves complex and multistep processes and there are important technical and methodological challenges that require careful consideration to support valid inference. We co-ordinated a multidisciplinary, international expert group to establish reporting guidelines that address specimen processing, nucleic acid extraction, sequencing platforms, bioinformatics considerations, quality assurance, limits of detection, power and sample size, confirmatory testing, causality criteria, cost, and ethical issues. The guidance recognises that metagenomics research requires pragmatism and caution in interpretation, and that this field is rapidly evolving.

Published
2020

17. Long-Term Humoral Immune Response in Persons with Asymptomatic or Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Vietnam

Author

Mai, Huynh Kim, Trieu, Nguyen Bao, Long, Trinh Hoang, Thanh, Hoang Tien, Luong, Nguyen Dinh, Huy, Le Xuan, Nguyet, Lam Anh, Man, Dinh Nguyen Huy, Anderson, Danielle E., Thanh, Tran Tan, Van Vinh Chau, Nguyen, Thwaites, Guy, Wang, Lin-Fa, Van Tan, Le, and Hung, Do Thai

Subjects
Medical research, Medicine, Experimental, Immune response -- Genetic aspects, Viral proteins -- Identification and classification -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic (1). Effective vaccines are vital for mitigating the impact of the pandemic. As [...]

Published
2021
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19. Superspreading Event of SARS-CoV-2 Infection at a Bar, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Author

Van Vinh Chau, Nguyen, Hong, Nguyen Thi Thu, Ngoc, Nghiem My, Thanh, Tran Tan, Khanh, Phan Nguyen Quoc, Nguyet, Lam Anh, Nhu, Le Nguyen Truc, Ny, Nguyen Thi Han, Man, Dinh Nguyen Huy, Hang, Vu Thi Ty, Phong, Nguyen Thanh, Que, Nguyen Thi Hong, Tuyen, Pham Thi, Tu, Tran Nguyen Hoang, Hien, Tran Tinh, Minh, Ngo Ngoc Quang, Hung, Le Manh, Truong, Nguyen Thanh, Yen, Lam Minh, van Doorn, H. Rogier, Dung, Nguyen Thanh, Thwaites, Guy, Dung, Nguyen Tri, and Van Tan, Le

Subjects
Disease transmission -- Analysis, Company distribution practices, Health
Abstract

Superspreading events occur when a few persons infect a larger number of secondary persons with whom they have contact (1,2). For severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), an [R.sub.0] [...]

Published
2021
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20. Viral Metagenomic Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid from Patients with Acute Central Nervous System Infections of Unknown Origin, Vietnam

Author

Anh, Nguyen To, Nhu, Le Nguyen Truc, Hong, Nguyen Thi Thu, Phuc, Tran My, Tam, Pham Thi Thanh, Huong, Dang Thao, Anh, Tran Tuan, Deng, Xutao, Nghia, Ho Dang Trung, Nguyen, Tran Thua, Van Hung, Nguyen, Thuan, Nguyen Dac, Phuong, Pham Thi Hong, Van Vinh Chau, Nguyen, Baker, Stephen, Delwart, Eric, Thwaites, Guy, and Van Tan, Le

Subjects
Genotype -- Identification and classification -- Health aspects, Central nervous system diseases -- Genetic aspects -- Diagnosis -- Care and treatment, Genome-wide association studies -- Methods, Virus diseases -- Genetic aspects -- Diagnosis -- Care and treatment, Health
Abstract

Worldwide, the annual incidence of acute encephalitis in nonoutbreak settings during 1983-2000 ranged from 0.07 to 12.6 cases/100,000 population (1). According to the World Health Organization, meningitis caused 379,000 deaths [...]

Published
2021
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22. Angiostrongylus cantonensis Is an Important Cause of Eosinophilic Meningitis in Southern Vietnam

Author

McBride, Angela, Chau, Tran Thi Hong, Hong, Nguyen Thi Thu, Mai, Nguyen Thi Hoang, Anh, Nguyen To, Thanh, Tran Tan, Van, Tran Thi Hue, Xuan, Le Thi, Sieu, Tran Phu Manh, Thai, Le Hong, Van Chuong, Ly, Sinh, Dinh Xuan, Phong, Nguyen Duy, Phu, Nguyen Hoan, Day, Jeremy, Nghia, Ho Dang Trung, Hien, Tran Tinh, Van Vinh Chau, Nguyen, Thwaites, Guy, and Van Tan, Le

Published
2017

27. Characteristics and Bioactivities of Carrageenan/Chitosan Microparticles Loading α-Mangostin

Author

Do Mai Trang Tran, Thi Minh Tu Nguyen, Dinh Thang Tran, Phuong Thai Hoang, Thuy Chinh Nguyen, Van Tan Le, Thi Thu Hien Nguyen, Dinh Hoa Hoang, Hoang Thai, and Thi Kim Ngan Tran

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Ethanol, Materials science, Antioxidant, Environmental Engineering, Polymers and Plastics, Sodium, medicine.medical_treatment, chemistry.chemical_element, Polymer, Carrageenan, Chitosan, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, medicine, Materials Chemistry, α mangostin, Control release, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract

This study attempted to develop carrageenan/chitosan based microparticles loading α-mangostin which was extracted from Vietnamese mangosteen skin. The carrageenan/chitosan/α-mangostin microparticles were prepared by ionic gelation method by mixing chitosan, carrageenan with α-mangostin and subsequently cross-linking the mixtures with sodium tripolyphosphate crosslinking agent. The content of α-mangostin in microparticles was changed to evaluate the effect of α-mangostin content on physical, morphological properties, particles size and bioactivities of the carrageenan/chitosan/α-mangostin microparticles. The obtained results showed that carrageenan, chitosan was interacted together and with α-mangostin. The presence of polymers matrix improved the release ability of α-mangostin into ethanol/pH buffer solutions. The carrageenan/chitosan/ α-mangostin microparticles have antibacterial (gram (+) strains) and anti-oxidant activities. The results suggested that combination of chitosan and carrageenan in the microparticles can enhance the control release of α-mangostin into solutions as well as keep the bioactivities of α-mangostin.

Published
2021
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29. Equality in Online Education during COVID-19: Challenging the Educational Needs of Ethnic Minority Students in Vietnam

Author

Duc Huu, Nguyen, Van Tan, Le, and Thi Luyen, Phan

Subjects
Equality. Online Education. COVID-19. Students. Vietnam, Equality, Online Education, Covid 19, Students, Vietnam
Abstract

[Purpose] This study analyzes the inequalities of ethnic minority children to adapt to online education. This is also a challenge to the whole education system in Vietnam before the 4th COVID-19 outbreak is considered to have a serious impact on the economy and society of Vietnam. [Methodology/Approach/Design] A case study is conducted in a cross-sectional form with 50 high school students and 10 teachers of the boarding ethnic minority school in Nam Pu district, Dien Bien province of Vietnam. Questions were conducted for students, teachers, and school administrators. [Findings] The lack of WiFi catchers such as laptops, tablets, and smartphones along with poor infrastructure are the main factors affecting the effectiveness of online learning. [Practical Implications] Equality in education is the sustainable development goal adopted by the United Nations in 2015. Geographical differences and economic conditions are factors that directly impact the effectiveness of students' online learning in the context of COVID-19 19. The Government of Vietnam should have an effective financial policy to provide connectivity for poor students, reducing the gap in access to general education services for online classes that are ethnic minorities.

Published
2022
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30. Effective reduction of nitrophenols and colorimetric detection of Pb(<scp>ii</scp>) ions by Siraitia grosvenorii fruit extract capped gold nanoparticles

Author

Tan Phat Chau, Thanh Long Phan, Van-Dat Doan, Van Tan Le, Truong Giang Duong, Van Thuan Le, and Thi Lan-Huong Nguyen

Subjects
Detection limit, chemistry.chemical_classification, Chemistry, General Chemical Engineering, Biomolecule, Nanoparticle, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Endothermic process, 0104 chemical sciences, Catalysis, Linear range, Colloidal gold, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 0210 nano-technology, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract

This study presents a simple and green approach for the synthesis of Siraitia grosvenorii fruit extract capped gold nanoparticles (SG-AuNPs). The SG-AuNPs samples prepared under the optimized conditions were characterized by various techniques (UV-Vis, XRD, FTIR, HR-TEM, EDX, DLS). The biosynthesized nanoparticles were then studied for the reduction of 2-nitrophenol (2-NP) and 3-nitrophenols (3-NP) and for colorimetric detection of Pb2+ ions. The characterization results revealed that the crystals of SG-AuNPs were spherical with an average size of 7.5 nm. The FTIR and DLS analyses proved the presence of the biomolecule layer around AuNPs, which played an important role in stabilizing the nanoparticles. The SG-AuNPs showed excellent catalytic activity in the reduction of 3-NP and 2-NP, achieving complete conversion within 14 min. The catalytic process was endothermic and followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The activation energy was determined to be 10.64 and 26.53 kJ mol−1 for 2-NP and 3-NP, respectively. SG-AuNPs maintained high catalytic performance after five recycles. The fabricated material was also found to be highly sensitive and selective to Pb2+ ions with the detection limit of 0.018 μM in a linear range of 0–1000 μM. The practicality of the material was validated through the analyses of Pb2+ in mimic pond water samples. The developed nanoparticles could find tremendous applications in environmental monitoring.

Published
2021
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31. Human versus equine intramuscular antitoxin, with or without human intrathecal antitoxin, for the treatment of adults with tetanus: a 2 × 2 factorial randomised controlled trial

Author

Van Hao, Nguyen, primary, Loan, Huynh Thi, additional, Yen, Lam Minh, additional, Kestelyn, Evelyne, additional, Hong, Duc Du, additional, Thuy, Duong Bich, additional, Nguyen, Nguyen Thanh, additional, Duong, Ha Thi Hai, additional, Thuy, Tran Thi Diem, additional, Nhat, Phung Tran Huy, additional, Khanh, Phan Nguyen Quoc, additional, Dung, Nguyen Thi Phuong, additional, Phu, Nguyen Hoan, additional, Phong, Nguyen Thanh, additional, Lieu, Pham Thi, additional, Tuyen, Pham Thi, additional, Hanh, Bui Thi Bich, additional, Nghia, Ho Dang Trung, additional, Oanh, Pham Kieu Nguyet, additional, Tho, Phan Vinh, additional, Tan Thanh, Tran, additional, Turner, Hugo C, additional, van Doorn, H Rogier, additional, Van Tan, Le, additional, Wyncoll, Duncan, additional, Day, Nicholas PJ, additional, Geskus, Ronald B, additional, Thwaites, Guy E, additional, Van Vinh Chau, Nguyen, additional, and Thwaites, C Louise, additional

Published
2022
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32. Waste Banana Stem Utilized for Biosynthesis of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles and Their Antibacterial and Catalytic Properties

Author

Van-Dat Doan, Thi Lan-Huong Nguyen, Thanh-Long Phan, Van-Tan Le, and Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Subjects
Chemistry, Nanoparticle, Infrared spectroscopy, Nanochemistry, General Chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, Biochemistry, Silver nanoparticle, Colloidal gold, Transmission electron microscopy, General Materials Science, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Antibacterial activity, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract

The present work presented a synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using the aqueous extract of waste banana stem (WBS), Musa paradisiaca Linn. The reduction and formation of MNPs have been characterized by several analysis techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The techniques showed that average particle size of WBS-AgNPs and WBS-AuNPs in crystalline nature was in ranges of 7–13 nm and 11–14 nm, respectively. The synthesized nanoparticles were used to evaluate antibacterial activity and catalysis. The WBS-AgNPs showed strong antibacterial activity against B. subtilis and E. coli. The largest zone of inhibition against B. subtilis (14.2 mm) and E. coli (9.3 mm) was found at concentrations of 4.0 ppm and 2.0 ppm, respectively. The excellent catalytic application of both the nanoparticles for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol was confirmed via study on their kinetics. The normalized kinetic constants (knor) of WBS-AgNPs and WBS-AuNPs were found to be 1.72 × 10–3 s−1 mg−1 and 2.45 × 10–3 s−1 mg−1, respectively.

Published
2020
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33. The Natural History and Transmission Potential of Asymptomatic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection

Author

Van Vinh Chau, Nguyen, Lam, Vo Thanh, Dung, Nguyen Thanh, Yen, Lam Minh, Minh, Ngo Ngoc Quang, Hung, Le Manh, Ngoc, Nghiem My, Dung, Nguyen Tri, Man, Dinh Nguyen Huy, Nguyet, Lam Anh, Nhat, Le Thanh Hoang, Nhu, Le Nguyen Truc, Ny, Nguyen Thi Han, Hong, Nguyen Thi Thu, Kestelyn, Evelyne, Dung, Nguyen Thi Phuong, Xuan, Tran Chanh, Hien, Tran Tinh, Phong, Nguyen Thanh, Tu, Tran Nguyen Hoang, Geskus, Ronald B, Thanh, Tran Tan, Truong, Nguyen Thanh, Binh, Nguyen Tan, Thuong, Tang Chi, Thwaites, Guy, Van Tan, Le, Loan, Huynh Thi, Van Hao, Nguyen, Thuy, Duong Bich, Lan, Nguyen Phu Huong, Thoa, Pham Thi Ngoc, Thao, Tran Nguyen Phuong, Phuong, Tran Thi Lan, Uyen, Le Thi Tam, Tam, Tran Thi Thanh, That, Bui Thi Ton, Nhung, Huynh Kim, Tai, Ngo Tan, Vuong, Vo Trong, Ty, Dinh Thi Bich, Dung, Le Thi, Uyen, Thai Lam, Tien, Nguyen Thi My, Thao, Ho Thi Thu, Thao, Nguyen Ngoc, Vuong, Huynh Ngoc Thien, Thao, Pham Ngoc Phuong, Phuong, Phan Minh, Tam, Dong Thi Hoai, Joseph, Donovan, Geskus, Ronald, van Doorn, H Rogier, Van Hien, Ho, Huy, Huynh Le Anh, Ha, Huynh Ngan, Yen, Huynh Xuan, Van Nuil, Jennifer, Day, Jeremy, Donovan, Joseph, Lawson, Katrina, Odette, Sonia Lewycka, Thwaites, Louise, Rabaa, Maia, Choisy, Marc, Chambers, Mary, Rahman, Motiur, Hoa, Ngo Thi, Nhien, Nguyen Thanh Thuy, Tuyen, Nguyen Thi Kim, Truong, Nguyen Xuan, Khanh, Phan Nguyen Quoc, Yen, Phung Le Kim, Yacoub, Sophie, Kesteman, Thomas, Thuong, Nguyen Thuy Thuong, Hang, Vu Thi Ty, and Nga, Le Hong

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Saliva, coronaviruses, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Infections, Asymptomatic, Virus, 03 medical and health sciences, COVID-19 (Disease), 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Throat, Major Article, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective cohort study, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, pandemic, COVID-19, 3. Good health, Natural history, AcademicSubjects/MED00290, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, Vietnam, RNA, Viral, medicine.symptom, business, Viral load
Abstract

BackgroundLittle is known about the natural history of asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study at a quarantine center for coronavirus disease 2019 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. We enrolled quarantined people with reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)–confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, collecting clinical data, travel and contact history, and saliva at enrollment and daily nasopharyngeal/throat swabs (NTSs) for RT-PCR testing. We compared the natural history and transmission potential of asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals.ResultsBetween 10 March and 4 April 2020, 14 000 quarantined people were tested for SARS-CoV-2; 49 were positive. Of these, 30 participated in the study: 13 (43%) never had symptoms and 17 (57%) were symptomatic. Seventeen (57%) participants imported cases. Compared with symptomatic individuals, asymptomatic people were less likely to have detectable SARS-CoV-2 in NTS collected at enrollment (8/13 [62%] vs 17/17 [100%]; P = .02). SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 20 of 27 (74%) available saliva samples (7 of 11 [64%] in the asymptomatic group and 13 of 16 [81%] in the symptomatic group; P = .56). Analysis of RT-PCR positivity probability showed that asymptomatic participants had faster viral clearance than symptomatic participants (P ConclusionsAsymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection is common and can be detected by analysis of saliva or NTSs. The NTS viral loads fall faster in asymptomatic individuals, but these individuals appear able to transmit the virus to others.

Published
2020
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35. Emergency use of unproven clinical interventions outside clinical trials: ethical considerations

Author

Mastroleo, Ignacio, Upshur, Ross, Adhikari, Neill, Aasim Ahmad, Angus, Dereck, Arabi, Yaseen, Caplan, Arthur, Dagron, Stéphanie, Marshall, John, Mathur, Roli, Keymanthri Moodley, Murthy, Srinivas, Garani-Papadatos, Tina, Pirard, Virginie, Rago, Lembit, Smith, Maxwell J, Van Tan, Le, Voo Teck Chuan, Diaz, Janet, Littler, Katherine, Lee-Anne Pascoe, Reis, Andreas Alois, Saenz, Carla, Valentin, Marie, and World Health Organization (WHO)

Published
2022
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37. Inhibition of α-Glucosidase, Acetylcholinesterase, and Nitric Oxide Production by Phytochemicals Isolated from Millettia speciosa—In Vitro and Molecular Docking Studies

Author

Tuan, Nguyen Ngoc, primary, Thi, Huong Nguyen, additional, My, Chau Le Thi, additional, Hai, Tang Xuan, additional, Trung, Hieu Tran, additional, Kim, Anh Nguyen Thi, additional, Tan, Thanh Nguyen, additional, Van, Tan Le, additional, Nguyen, Cuong Quoc, additional, Tran, Quang De, additional, Kuo, Ping-Chung, additional, Dang, Quang Le, additional, and Thang, Tran Dinh, additional

Published
2022
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38. COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex

Author

Abdukahil, Sheryl Ann, Abe, Ryuzo, Abel, Laurent, Absil, Lara, Acker, Andrew, Adachi, Shingo, Adam, Elisabeth, Adriao, Diana, Ainscough, Kate, Hssain, Ali Ait, Tamlihat, Younes Ait, Akimoto, Takako, Al-Dabbous, Tala, Al-Fares, Abdulrahman, Al Qasim, Eman, Alalqam, Razi, Alex, Beatrice, Alexandre, Kevin, Alfoudri, Huda, Alidjnou, Kazali Enagnon, Aliudin, Jeffrey, Allavena, Clotilde, Allou, Nathalie, Alves, Joao, Alves, Rita, Amaral, Maria, Ammerlaan, Heidi, Ampaw, Phoebe, Andini, Roberto, Andrejak, Claire, Angheben, Andrea, Angoulvant, Francois, Ansart, Severine, Antonelli, Massimo, De Brito, Carlos Alexandre Antunes, Arabi, Yaseen, Aragao, Irene, Arcadipane, Antonio, Arenz, Lukas, Arlet, Jean-Benoit, Arnold-Day, Christel, Arora, Lovkesh, Artaud-Macari, Elise, Asensio, Angel, Assie, Jean Baptiste, Atique, Anika, Auchabie, Johann, Aumaitre, Hugues, Azemar, Laurene, Azoulay, Cecile, Bach, Benjamin, Bachelet, Delphine, Baillie, J. Kenneth, Bak, Erica, Bakakos, Agamemnon, Banisadr, Firouze, Barbalho, Renata, Barclay, Wendy S., Barnikel, Michaela, Barrelet, Audrey, Barrigoto, Cleide, Basmaci, Romain, Rincon, Diego Fernando Bautista, Bedossa, Alexandra, Behilill, Sylvie, Beljantsev, Aleksandr, Bellemare, David, Beltrame, Anna, Beluze, Marine, Benech, Nicolas, Benkerrou, Dehbia, Bennett, Suzanne, Bento, Luis, Berdal, Jan-Erik, Bergeaud, Delphine, Bertolino, Lorenzo, Bessis, Simon, Bevilcaqua, Sybille, Bhavsar, Krishna, Bin Humaid, Felwa, Bissuel, Francois, Biston, Patrick, Bitker, Laurent, Blanco-Schweizer, Pablo, Blot, Mathieu, Boccia, Filomena, Bogaert, Debby, Bompart, Francois, Booth, Gareth, Borges, Diogo, Borie, Raphael, Bos, Jeanet, Bosse, Hans Martin, Botelho-Nevers, Elisabeth, Bouadma, Lila, Bouchaud, Olivier, Bouchez, Sabelline, Bouhmani, Dounia, Bouhour, Damien, Bouiller, Kevin, Bouillet, Laurence, Bouisse, Camille, Boureau, Anne-Sophie, Bouscambert, Maude, Bouziotis, Jason, Boxma, Bianca, Boyer-Besseyre, Marielle, Boylan, Maria, Braga, Cynthia, Brandenburger, Timo, Brazzi, Luca, Breen, Dorothy, Breen, Patrick, Brickell, Kathy, Brozzi, Nicolas, Buchtele, Nina, Buesaquillo, Christian, Bugaeva, Polina, Buisson, Marielle, Burhan, Erlina, Bustos, Ingrid G., Butnaru, Denis, Carcel, Sheila, Cabie, Andre, Cabral, Susana, Caceres, Eder, Callahan, Mia, Calligy, Kate, Calvache, Jose Andres, Camoes, Joao, Campana, Valentine, Campbell, Paul, Canepa, Cecilia, Cantero, Mireia, Caraux-Paz, Pauline, Cardoso, Filipa, Cardoso, Filipe, Cardoso, Sofia, Carelli, Simone, Carlier, Nicolas, Carney, Gayle, Carpenter, Chloe, Carret, Marie-Christine, Carrier, Francois Martin, Carson, Gail, Casanova, Maire-Laure, Cascao, Mariana, Casimiro, Jose, Cassandra, Bailey, Castaneda, Silvia, Castanheira, Nidyanara, Castor-Alexandre, Guylaine, Castrillon, Henry, Castro, Ivo, Catarino, Ana, Catherine, Francois-Xavier, Cavalin, Roberta, Cavalli, Giulio Giovanni, Cavayas, Alexandros, Ceccato, Adrian, Cervantes-Gonzalez, Minerva, Chair, Anissa, Chakveatze, Catherine, Chan, Adrienne, Chand, Meera, Chas, Julie, Chassin, Camille, Chen, Anjellica, Chen, Yih-Sharng, Cheng, Matthew Pellan, Cheret, Antoine, Chiarabini, Thibault, Chica, Julian, Chirouze, Catherine, Chiumello, Davide, Cho, Hwa Jin, Cho, Sung Min, Cholley, Bernard, Cidade, Jose Pedro, Herreros, Jose Miguel Cisneros, Citarella, Barbara Wanjiru, Ciullo, Anna, Clarke, Jennifer, Clohisey, Sara, Codan, Cassidy, Cody, Caitriona, Coelho, Alexandra, Colin, Gwenhael, Collins, Michael, Colombo, Sebastiano Maria, Combs, Pamela, Connelly, J. P., Connor, Marie, Conrad, Anne, Contreras, Sofia, Cooke, Graham S., Copland, Mary, Cordel, Hugues, Corley, Amanda, Cormican, Sarah, Cornelis, Sabine, Corpuz, Arianne Joy, Corvaisier, Gregory, Couffignal, Camille, Couffin-Cadiergues, Sandrine, Courtois, Roxane, D'Orleans, Charles Crepy, Croonen, Sabine, Crowl, Gloria, Crump, Jonathan, Cruz, Claudina, Csete, Marc, Cucino, Alberto, Cullen, Caroline, Cummings, Matthew, Curley, Gerard, Curlier, Elodie, Custodio, Paula, D'Aragon, Frederick, Filipe, Ana Da Silva, Da Silveira, Charlene, D'Ortenzio, Eric, Dabaliz, Al-Awwab, Dagens, Andrew B., Dalton, Heidi, Dalton, Jo, Daneman, Nick, Dankwa, Emmanuelle A., Dantas, Jorge, De Castro, Nathalie, De Mendoza, Diego, Franca, Rafael Freitas De Oliveira, De Rosa, Rosanna, De Silva, Thushan, De Vries, Peter, Dean, David, Debray, Marie-Pierre, Dechert, William, Deconninck, Lauren, Decours, Romain, Delacroix, Isabelle, Delavigne, Karen, Deligiannis, Ionna, Dell'amore, Andrea, Delobel, Pierre, Demonchy, Elisa, Denis, Emmanuelle, Deplanque, Dominique, Depuydt, Pieter, Desai, Mehul, Descamps, Diane, Desvallee, Mathilde, Dewayanti, Santi Rahayu, Diallo, Alpha, Diamantis, Sylvain, Dias, Andre, Diaz, Juan Jose Diaz, Diaz, Rodrigo, Didier, Kevin, Diehl, Jean-Luc, Dieperink, Wim, Dimet, Jerome, Dinot, Vincent, Diouf, Alphonsine, Dishon, Yael, Djossou, Felix, Docherty, Annemarie B., Dong, Andy, Donnelly, Christl A., Donnelly, Maria, Donohue, Chloe, Dorival, Celine, Douglas, James Joshua, Douma, Renee, Dournon, Nathalie, Downer, Triona, Downing, Mark, Drake, Tom, Dubee, Vincent, Dubos, Francois, Ducancelle, Alexandra, Dudman, Susanne, Dunning, Jake, Mangoni, Emanuele Durante, Duranti, Silvia, Durham, Lucian, III, Dussol, Bertrand, Duval, Xavier, Dyrhol-Riise, Anne Margarita, Eira, Carla, Vidal, Jose Ernesto, El Sanharawi, Mohammed, Elapavaluru, Subbarao, Elharrar, Brigitte, Elkheir, Natalie, Ellerbroek, Jacobien, Ellis, Rachael, Eloy, Philippine, Elshazly, Tarek, Enderle, Isabelle, Engelmann, Ilka, Enouf, Vincent, Epaulard, Olivier, Esperatti, Mariano, Esperou, Helene, Esposito-Farese, Marina, Estevao, Joao, Etienne, Manuel, Ettalhaoui, Nadia, Everding, Anna Greti, Evers, Mirjam, Fabre, Isabelle, Faheem, Amna, Fahy, Arabella, Fairfield, Cameron J., Faria, Pedro, Farshait, Nataly, Fatoni, Arie Zainul, Faure, Karine, Fayed, Mohamed, Feely, Niamh, Fernandes, Jorge, Fernandes, Marilia, Fernandes, Susana, Ferrao, Joana, Devouge, Eglantine Ferrand, Ferraz, Mario, Ferreira, Benigno, Ferrer-Roca, Ricard, Figueiredo-Mello, Claudia, Flateau, Clara, Fletcher, Tom, Florio, Letizia Lucia, Foley, Claire, Fomin, Victor, Fonseca, Claudio Duarte, Fonseca, Tatiana, Fontela, Patricia, Forsyth, Simon, Foti, Giuseppe, Fourn, Erwan, Fowler, Rob, Franch-Llasat, Diego, Fraser, Christophe, Fraser, John, Freire, Marcela Vieira, Ribeiro, Ana Freitas, Friedrich, Caren, Fry, Stephane, Fuentes, Nora, Fukuda, Masahiro, Gomez-Junyent, Joan, Gaborieau, Valerie, Gachet, Benoit, Gaci, Rostane, Gagliardi, Massimo, Gagnard, Jean-Charles, Gagneux-Brunon, Amandine, Gaiao, Sergio, Gallagher, Phil, Curto, Elena Gallego, Gamble, Carrol, Garan, Arthur, Garcia-Gallo, Esteban, Garcia, Rebekha, Garot, Denis, Garrait, Valerie, Gault, Nathalie, Gavin, Aisling, Gaymard, Alexandre, Gebauer, Johannes, Morlaes, Louis Gerbaud, Germano, Nuno, Ghosn, Jade, Giani, Marco, Giaquinto, Carlo, Gibson, Jess, Gigante, Tristan, Gilg, Morgane, Giordano, Guillermo, Girvan, Michelle, Gissot, Valerie, Giwangkancana, Gezy, Glikman, Daniel, Glybochko, Petr, Gnall, Eric, Goco, Geraldine, Goehringer, Francois, Goepel, Siri, Goffard, Jean-Christophe, Golob, Jonathan, Gorenne, Isabelle, Goujard, Cecile, Goulenok, Tiphaine, Grable, Margarite, Grandin, Edward Wilson, Granier, Pascal, Grasselli, Giacomo, Green, Christopher A., Greenhalf, William, Greffe, Segolene, Grieco, Domenico Luca, Griffee, Matthew, Griffiths, Fiona, Grigoras, Ioana, Groenendijk, Albert, Lordemann, Anja Grosse, Gruner, Heidi, Gu, Yusing, Guedj, Jeremie, Guellec, Dewi, Guerguerian, Anne-Marie, Guerreiro, Daniela, Guery, Romain, Guillaumot, Anne, Guilleminault, Laurent, Guimard, Thomas, Haber, Daniel, Hakak, Sheeba, Hall, Matthew, Halpin, Sophie, Hamer, Ansley, Hamidfar, Rebecca, Hammond, Terese, Hardwick, Hayley, Harley, Kristen, Harrison, Ewen M., Harrison, Janet, Hays, Leanne, Heerman, Jan, Heggelund, Lars, Hendry, Ross, Hennessy, Martina, Henriquez-Trujillo, Aquiles, Hentzien, Maxime, Hernandez-Montfort, Jaime, Hidayah, Astarini, Higgins, Dawn, Higgins, Eibhilin, Hinton, Samuel, Hipolito-Reis, Ana, Hiraiwa, Hiroaki, Hiscox, Julian A., Ho, Antonia Ying Wai, Hoctin, Alexandre, Hoffmann, Isabelle, Hoiting, Oscar, Holt, Rebecca, Holter, Jan Cato, Horby, Peter, Horcajada, Juan Pablo, Hoshino, Koji, Hoshino, Kota, Hough, Catherine L., Hsu, Jimmy Ming-Yang, Hulot, Jean-Sebastien, Ijaz, Samreen, Illes, Hajnal-Gabriela, Inacio, Hugo, Dominguez, Carmen Infante, Iosifidis, Elias, Irvine, Lacey, Isgett, Sarah, Isidoro, Tiago, Isnard, Margaux, Itai, Junji, Ivulich, Daniel, Jaafoura, Salma, Jabot, Julien, Jackson, Clare, Jamieson, Nina, Jaureguiberry, Stephane, Javidfar, Jeffrey, Jean-Benoit, Zabbe, Jego, Florence, Jenum, Synne, Sotomayor, Ruth Jimbo, Garcia, Ruth Noemi Jorge, Joseph, Cedric, Joseph, Mark, Jouvet, Philippe, Jung, Hanna, Kafif, Ouifiya, Kaguelidou, Florentia, Kali, Sabina, Kalomoiri, Smaragdi, Kandamby, Darshana Hewa, Kandel, Chris, Kant, Ravi, Kartsonaki, Christiana, Kasugai, Daisuke, Katz, Kevin, Johal, Simreen Kaur, Keating, Sean, Kelly, Andrea, Kelly, Sadie, Kennedy, Lisa, Kennon, Kalynn, Kerroumi, Younes, Kestelyn, Evelyne, Khalid, Imrana, Khalil, Antoine, Khan, Coralie, Khan, Irfan, Kho, Michelle E., Khoo, Saye, Kida, Yuri, Kiiza, Peter, Kildal, Anders Benjamin, Kimmoun, Antoine, Kindgen-Milles, Detlef, Kitamura, Nobuya, Klenerman, Paul, Bekken, Gry Kloumann, Knight, Stephen, Kobbe, Robin, Vasconcelos, Malte Kohns, Korten, Volkan, Kosgei, Caroline, Krawczyk, Karolina, Vecham, Pavan Kumar, Kumar, Deepali, Kurtzman, Ethan, Kutsogiannis, Demetrios, Kyriakoulis, Konstantinos, L'her, Erwan, Lachatre, Marie, Lacoste, Marie, Laffey, John G., Lagrange, Marie, Laine, Fabrice, Lambert, Marc, Lamontagne, Francois, Langelot-Richard, Marie, Lantang, Eka Yudha, Lanza, Marina, Laouenan, Cedric, Laribi, Samira, Lariviere, Delphine, Launay, Odile, Lavie-Badie, Yoan, Law, Andrew, Le Bihan, Clement, Le Bris, Cyril, Le Coustumier, Eve, Le Falher, Georges, Le Gac, Sylvie, Le Hingrat, Quentin, Le Marechal, Marion, Le Mestre, Soizic, Le Moing, Vincent, Le Nagard, Herve, Le Turnier, Paul, Leon, Rafael, Le, Minh, Santos, Marta Leal, Leal, Ema, Lee, James, Lee, Su Hwan, Lee, Todd, Leeming, Gary, Lefebvre, Benedicte, Lefebvre, Laurent, Lefevre, Benjamin, Lellouche, Francois, Lemaignen, Adrien, Lemee, Veronique, Lemmink, Gretchen, Leone, Michela, Lepiller, Quentin, Lescure, Francois-Xavier, Lesens, Olivier, Lesouhaitier, Mathieu, Levy-Marchal, Claire, Levy, Bruno, Levy, Yves, Bassi, Gianluigi Li, Liang, Janet, Lim, Wei Shen, Lina, Bruno, Lind, Andreas, Lingas, Guillaume, Lion-Daolio, Sylvie, Liu, Keibun, Loforte, Antonio, Lolong, Navy, Lopes, Diogo, Lopez-Colon, Dalia, Loubet, Paul, Lucet, Jean Christophe, Luna, Carlos M., Lungu, Olguta, Luong, Liem, Luton, Dominique, Lyons, Ruth, Mueller, Fredrik, Mueller, Karl Erik, Maasikas, Olavi, Macdonald, Sarah, Machado, Moise, Macheda, Gabrielle, Sanchez, Juan Macias, Madhok, Jai, Mahieu, Rafael, Mahy, Sophie, Maier, Lars Siegfrid, Maillet, Mylene, Maitre, Thomas, Malfertheiner, Maximilian, Malik, Nadia, Maltez, Fernando, Malvy, Denis, Mambert, Marina, Manda, Victoria, Mandei, Jose M., Manning, Edmund, Manuel, Aldric, Malaque, Ceila Maria Sant Ana, Marino, Flavio, Mariz, Carolline De Araujo, Eid, Charbel Maroun, Marques, Ana, Marquis, Catherine, Marsh, Brian, Marsh, Laura, Marshall, John, Martelli, Celina Turchi, Martin-Blondel, Guillaume, Martin-Loeches, Ignacio, Martin-Quiros, Alejandro, Martin, Dori-Ann, Martin, Emily, Martinot, Martin, Rego, Caroline Martins, Martins, Ana, Martins, Joao, Martucci, Gennaro, Marwali, Eva Miranda, Jimenez, Juan Fernado Masa, Maslove, David, Mason, Sabina, Matan, Moshe, Mathieu, Daniel, Mattei, Mathieu, Matulevics, Romans, Maulin, Laurence, Mc Evoy, Natalie, McCarthy, Aine, McCarthy, Anne, McCloskey, Colin, McConnochie, Rachael, McDermott, Sherry, McDonald, Sarah, McElwee, Samuel, McEvoy, Natalie, McGeer, Allison, McGuinness, Niki, McLean, Kenneth A., McNicholas, Bairbre, Meaney, Edel, Mear-Passard, Cecile, Mechlin, Maggie, Mele, Ferruccio, Menon, Kusum, Mentre, France, Mentzer, Alexander J., Mercier, Noemie, Merckx, Antoine, Mergler, Blake, Merson, Laura, Mesquita, Antonio, Meybeck, Agnes, Meynert, Alison M., Meyssonnier, Vanina, Meziane, Amina, Mezidi, Medhi, Michelanglei, Celine, Mihnovits, Vladislav, Maldonado, Hugo Miranda, Mone, Mary, Moin, Asma, Molina, David, Molinos, Elena, Monteiro, Agostinho, Montes, Claudia, Montrucchio, Giorgia, Moore, Sarah, Moore, Shona C., Morales-Cely, Lina, Moro, Lucia, Tutillo, Diego Rolando Morocho, Motos, Ana, Mouquet, Hugo, Perrot, Clara Mouton, Moyet, Julien, Mullaert, Jimmy, Munblit, Daniel, Murphy, Derek, Murris, Marlene, Myrodia, Dimitra Melia, N'guyen, Yohan, Neant, Nadege, Neb, Holger, Nekliudov, Nikita A., Neto, Raul, Neumann, Emily, Neves, Bernardo, Ng, Pauline Yeung, Ng, Wing Yiu, Choileain, Orna Ni, Nichol, Alistair, Nonas, Stephanie, Noret, Marion, Norman, Lisa, Notari, Alessandra, Noursadeghi, Mahdad, Nowicka, Karolina, Nseir, Saad, Nunez, Jose I., Nyamankolly, Elsa, O'Donnell, Max, O'Hearn, Katie, O'Neil, Conar, Occhipinti, Giovanna, Ogston, Tawnya, Ogura, Takayuki, Oh, Tak-Hyuk, Ohshimo, Shinichiro, Oinam, Budha Charan Singh, Oliveira, Ana Pinho, Oliveira, Joao, Olliaro, Piero, Ong, David S. Y., Oosthuyzen, Wilna, Openshaw, Peter J. M., Orozco-Chamorro, Claudia Milena, Orquera, Andres, Osatnik, Javier, Ouamara, Nadia, Ouissa, Rachida, Owyang, Clark, Oziol, Eric, Povoas, Diana, Pagadoy, Maider, Pages, Justine, Palacios, Mario, Palmarini, Massimo, Panarello, Giovanna, Panda, Prasan Kumar, Panigada, Mauro, Pansu, Nathalie, Papadopoulos, Aurelie, Parra, Briseida, Pasquier, Jeremie, Patauner, Fabian, Patrao, Luis, Paul, Christelle, Paul, Mical, Paulos, Jorge, Paxton, William A., Payen, Jean-Francois, Pearse, India, Peek, Giles J., Peelman, Florent, Peiffer-Smadja, Nathan, Peigne, Vincent, Pejkovska, Mare, Peltan, Ithan D., Pereira, Rui, Perez, Daniel, Perpoint, Thomas, Pesenti, Antonio, Petrousova, Lenka, Petrov-Sanchez, Ventzislava, Peytavin, Gilles, Pharand, Scott, Piagnerelli, Michael, Picard, Walter, Picone, Olivier, Piel-Julian, Marie, Pierobon, Carola, Pimentel, Carlos, Piroth, Lionel, Pius, Riinu, Piva, Simone, Plantier, Laurent, Plotkin, Daniel, Poissy, Julien, Pokorska-Spiewak, Maria, Poli, Sergio, Pollakis, Georgios, Popielska, Jolanta, Postma, Douwe F., Povoa, Pedro, Powis, Jeff, Prapa, Sofia, Prebensen, Christian, Preiser, Jean-Charles, Prestre, Vincent, Price, Nicholas, Prinssen, Anton, Pritchard, Mark G., Proenca, Lucia, Puechal, Oriane, Purcell, Gregory, Quesada, Luisa, Quist-Paulsen, Else, Quraishi, Mohammed, Ratsep, Indrek, Rossler, Bernhard, Rabaud, Christian, Rafiq, Marie, Ragazzo, Gabrielle, Rainieri, Fernando, Ramakrishnan, Nagarajan, Ramanathan, Kollengode, Rammaert, Blandine, Rapp, Christophe, Rasmin, Menaldi, Rau, Cornelius, Rebaudet, Stanislas, Redl, Sarah, Reeve, Brenda, Reid, Liadain, Reis, Renato, Remppis, Jonathan, Remy, Martine, Renk, Hanna, Resende, Liliana, Resseguier, Anne-Sophie, Revest, Matthieu, Rewa, Oleksa, Reyes, Luis Felipe, Richardson, David, Richardson, Denise, Richier, Laurent, Riera, Jordi, Rios, Ana Lucia, Rishu, Asgar, Rispal, Patrick, Risso, Karine, Nunez, Maria Angelica Rivera, Rizer, Nicholas, Roberto, Andre, Roberts, Stephanie, Robertson, David L., Robineau, Olivier, Roche-Campo, Ferran, Rodari, Paola, Rodeia, Simao, Abreu, Julia Rodriguez, Roilides, Emmanuel, Rojek, Amanda, Romaru, Juliette, Roncon-Albuquerque, Roberto, Jr., Roriz, Melanie, Rosa-Calatrava, Manuel, Rose, Michael, Rosenberger, Dorothea, Rossanese, Andrea, Rossignol, Benedicte, Rossignol, Patrick, Roy, Carine, Roze, Benoit, Russell, Clark D., Ryckaert, Steffi, Holten, Aleksander Rygh, Choez, Xavier Sanchez, Saba, Isabela, Sadat, Musharaf, Saidani, Nadia, Salazar, Leonardo, Sales, Gabriele, Sallaberry, Stephane, Salvator, Helene, Sanchez-Miralles, Angel, Sanchez, Olivier, Sancho-Shimizu, Vanessa, Sandhu, Gyan, Sandulescu, Oana, Santos, Marlene, Sarfo-Mensah, Shirley, Sarton, Benjamine, Saviciute, Egle, Savvidou, Parthena, Scarsbrook, Joshua, Schermer, Tjard, Scherpereel, Arnaud, Schneider, Marion, Schroll, Stephan, Schwameis, Michael, Scott-Brown, James, Scott, Janet T., Sedillot, Nicholas, Seitz, Tamara, Semaille, Caroline, Semple, Malcolm G., Senneville, Eric, Sequeira, Filipa, Sequeira, Tania, Shadowitz, Ellen, Shamsah, Mohammad, Sharma, Pratima, Shaw, Catherine A., Shaw, Victoria, Shiban, Nisreen, Shime, Nobuaki, Shimizu, Hiroaki, Shimizu, Keiki, Shrapnel, Sally, Shum, Hoi Ping, Mohammed, Nassima Si, Sigfrid, Louise, Silva, Catarina, Silva, Maria Joao, Sin, Wai Ching, Skogen, Vegard, Smith, Sue, Smood, Benjamin, Smyth, Michelle, Snacken, Morgane, So, Dominic, Solis, Monserrat, Solomon, Joshua, Solomon, Tom, Somers, Emily, Sommet, Agnes, Song, Myung Jin, Song, Rima, Song, Tae, Sonntagbauer, Michael, Soum, Edouard, Uva, Maria Sousa, Sousa, Marta, Souza-Dantas, Vicente, Sperry, Alexandra, Sriskandan, Shiranee, Staudinger, Thomas, Stecher, Stephanie-Susanne, Stienstra, Ymkje, Stiksrud, Birgitte, Streinu-Cercel, Adrian, Streinu-Cercel, Anca, Strudwick, Samantha, Stuart, Ami, Stuart, David, Sultana, Asfia, Summers, Charlotte, Surovcova, Magdalena, Svistunov, Andrey A., Syrigos, Konstantinos, Sztajnbok, Jaques, Szuldrzynski, Konstanty, Teoule, Francois, Tabrizi, Shirin, Tagherset, Lysa, Talarek, Ewa, Taleb, Sara, Talsma, Jelmer, Van Tan, Le, Tanaka, Hiroyuki, Tanaka, Taku, Taniguchi, Hayato, Tardivon, Coralie, Tattevin, Pierre, Taufik, M. Azhari, Tedder, Richard S., Teixeira, Joao, Tellier, Marie-Capucine, Terpstra, Pleun, Terrier, Olivier, Terzi, Nicolas, Tessier-Grenier, Hubert, Thibault, Vincent, Thiberville, Simon-Djamel, Thill, Benoit, Thompson, A. A. Roger, Thompson, Shaun, Thomson, David, Thomson, Emma C., Thuy, Duong Bich, Thwaites, Ryan S., Timashev, Peter S., Timsit, Jean-Francois, Vijayaraghavan, Bharath Kumar Tirupakuzhi, Toki, Maria, Tonby, Kristian, Santos-Olmo, Rosario Maria Torres, Torres, Antoni, Torres, Margarida, Trioux, Theo, Trieu, Huynh Trung, Tromeur, Cecile, Trontzas, Ioannis, Troost, Jonathan, Trouillon, Tiffany, Tual, Christelle, Tubiana, Sarah, Tuite, Helen, Turtle, Lance C. W., Twardowski, Pawel, Uchiyama, Makoto, Ullrich, Roman, Uribe, Alberto, Usman, Asad, Val-Flores, Luis, Van de Velde, Stijn, Van den Berge, Marcel, Van der Feltz, Machteld, Van der Vekens, Nicky, Van der Voort, Peter, Van der Werf, Sylvie, Van Dyk, Marlice, Van Gulik, Laura, Van Hattem, Jarne, Van Lelyveld, Steven, Van Netten, Carolien, Vanel, Noemie, Vanoverschelde, Henk, Vauchy, Charline, Veislinger, Aurelie, Velazco, Jorge, Ventura, Sara, Verbon, Annelies, Vieira, Cesar, Villanueva, Joy Ann, Villar, Judit, Villeneuve, Pierre-Marc, Villoldo, Andrea, Chau, Nguyen Van Vinh, Visseaux, Benoit, Visser, Hannah, Vuorinen, Aapeli, Vuotto, Fanny, Wang, Chih-Hsien, Wei, Jia, Weil, Katharina, Wesselius, Sanne, Wham, Murray, Whelan, Bryan, White, Nicole, Wiedemann, Aurelie, Wille, Keith, Wils, Evert-Jan, Xynogalas, Ioannis, Suen, Jacky Y., Yacoub, Sophie, Yamazaki, Masaki, Yazdanpanah, Yazdan, Yelnik, Cecile, Yerkovich, Stephanie, Yokoyama, Toshiki, Yonis, Hodane, Young, Paul, Yuliarto, Saptadi, Zabbe, Marion, Zacharowski, Kai, Zahran, Maram, Zambon, Maria, Zanella, Alberto, Zawadka, Konrad, Zayyad, Hiba, Zoufaly, Alexander, Zucman, David, and NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM)

Abstract

Funding This work was supported by the Department for International Development and Wellcome Trust [215091/Z/18/Z]; the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP1209135]. Country-specifc support was provided by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research Coronavirus Rapid Research Funding Opportunity [OV2170359]; the Health Research Board Ireland [CTN Award 2014-012]; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) [award CO-CIN-01]; the Medical Research Council (MRC) [grant MC_PC_19059]; the NIHR Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections at University of Liverpool in partnership with Public Health England (PHE), in collaboration with Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and the University of Oxford [award 200907]; NIHR HPRU in Respiratory Infections at Imperial College London with PHE [award 200927]; Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre [grant reference C18616/ A25153]; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Imperial College London [IS-BRC-1215-20013]; EU Platform for European Preparedness Against (Re-)-)emerging Epidemics (PREPARE) [FP7 project 602525]; National Institutes of Health (NIH) [UL1TR002240]; and NIHR Clinical Research Network infrastructure support. We acknowledge the generous support of all ISARIC Partners who have contributed data and expertise to this analysis, with or without dedicated funding. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the funders or institutions listed above. publishersversion published

Published
2021

39. Aetiology and Potential Animal Exposure in Central Nervous System Infections in Vietnam

Author

Hannah E, Brindle, Behzad, Nadjm, Marc, Choisy, Rob, Christley, Michael, Griffiths, Stephen, Baker, Juliet E, Bryant, James I, Campbell, Van Vinh Chau, Nguyen, Thi Ngoc Diep, Nguyen, Ty Thi Hang, Vu, Van Hung, Nguyen, Bao Long, Hoang, Xuan Luat, Le, Ha My, Pham, Thi Dieu Ngan, Ta, Dang Trung Nghia, Ho, Thua Nguyen, Tran, Thi Han Ny, Nguyen, My Phuc, Tran, Thi Hong Phuong, Pham, Van Tan, Le, Dac Thuan, Nguyen, Thi Thu Trang, Hau, Ngoc Vinh, Nguyen, Heiman F L, Wertheim, Guy E, Thwaites, and H Rogier, van Doorn

Abstract

An estimated 73% of emerging infections are zoonotic in origin, with animal contact and encroachment on their habitats increasing the risk of spill-over events. In Vietnam, close exposure to a wide range of animals and animal products can lead to acquisition of zoonotic pathogens, a number of which cause central nervous system (CNS) infections. However, studies show the aetiology of CNS infections remains unknown in around half of cases. We used samples and data from hospitalised patients with CNS infections, enrolled into the Vietnam Initiative on Zoonotic Infections multicentre study, to determine the association between aetiology and animal contact including those in whom the cause was unknown. Among 933 patients, a pathogen or an antibody response to it was identified in 291 (31.2%, 95% CI 28.3-34.3%). The most common pathogens were Streptococcus suis (n = 91 (9.8%, 8.0-11.9%)) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) (n = 72 (7.7%, 6.1-9.7%)). Commonly reported animal contact included keeping, raising or handling (n = 364 (39.0%, 35.9-42.2%)) and handling, cooking or consuming raw meat, blood or viscera in the 2 weeks prior to symptom onset (n = 371 (39.8%, 36.6-43.0%)), with the latter most commonly from pigs (n = 343 (36.9%, 33.8-40.1%). There was no association between an unknown aetiology and exposure to animals in a multivariate logistic regression. Further testing for unknown or undetected pathogens may increase diagnostic yield, however, given the high proportion of zoonotic pathogens and the presence of risk factors, increasing public awareness about zoonoses and preventive measures can be considered.

Published
2021

40. Rapid whole-genome sequencing to inform COVID-19 outbreak response in Vietnam

Author

Chau, Nguyen Van Vinh, Hong, Nguyen Thi Thu, Ngoc, Nghiem My, Anh, Nguyen To, Trieu, Huynh Trung, Nhu, Le Nguyen Truc, Yen, Lam Minh, Minh, Ngo Ngoc Quang, Phong, Nguyen Thanh, Truong, Nguyen Thanh, Huong, Le Thi Thu, Tu, Tran Nguyen Hoang, Hung, Le Manh, Thanh, Tran Tan, Dung, Nguyen Thanh, Dung, Nguyen Tri, Thwaites, Guy, and Van Tan, Le

Published
2021
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41. Facile synthesis of FeFe2O4 magnetic nanomaterial for removing methylene blue from aqueous solution

Author

Ngoc Quyen Tran, Van Tan Le, Nguyen-Que-Tran Le, Quang-Huy Tran, Trinh Duy Nguyen, and Van-Phuc Dinh

Subjects
Langmuir, Aqueous solution, Materials science, Langmuir adsorption model, Nanomaterials, symbols.namesake, chemistry.chemical_compound, Adsorption, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Monolayer, symbols, lcsh:TA401-492, General Materials Science, Freundlich equation, lcsh:Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, Methylene blue
Abstract

A facile and simple chemical precipitation method was utilized to synthesize FeFe2O4 magnetic nanomaterial for removing methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution. Characterizations of this material were examined by using XRD, SEM, FT-IR, TGA-DTG and BET methods. Factors affecting the uptake of methylene blue, including pH, adsorption time, and MB initial concentration were also studied. The measured data were fitted by using four isotherm models including Langmuir, Freundlich, Sips and Temkin. Results showed that the Sips model offers the best fit to the data. In addition, the monolayer MB adsorption capacity obtained from the Langmuir model was 42.35 mg g−1 under the optimal conditions of pH = 10 and adsorption time = 80 min. In particular, the uptake of MB onto FeFe2O4 magnetic nanomaterial obtained from the kinetic and mechanism studies of the adsorption was in good agreement with prediction of the pseudo-first-order model, whereas the electrostatic interaction was found to play a primary mechanism. Keywords: FeFe2O4 magnetic nanomaterial, Adsorption, Methylene blue, Adsorption mechanism

Published
2019

42. Temperature and carrier density dependence of electron effective mass and bandgap in semiconductor carbon nanotubes at elevated temperature: Analytical calculations.

Author

Cao, Huy Thien, Van Tan, Le, and Vy, Nguyen Duy

Subjects
*CARBON nanotubes, *CARRIER density, *ELECTRON density, *BAND gaps, *GREEN'S functions, *HARTREE-Fock approximation
Abstract

The effects of temperature and carrier density on the self-energy of electrons in semiconductor carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are theoretically studied by using the Matsubara Green's function approach. We show that the bandgap is slightly changed whereas the electron effective mass is strongly affected by the temperature and electron density. Furthermore, an interesting discrepancy between the results obtained from the screening dynamical approximation and that from the Hartree-Fock approximation is shown. Specifically, the calculated quantities are compared to the results obtained in a recent experiment, and a good agreement for the energy shift is seen. These results could help to clarify the role of the Coulomb interaction and the correlation and exchange energy on the optical properties of CNTs in a wide range of temperature and density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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44. SARS-CoV-2 and co-infections detection in nasopharyngeal throat swabs of COVID-19 patients by metagenomics

Author

Van Tan, Le, Thi Thu Hong, Nguyen, My Ngoc, Nghiem, Tan Thanh, Tran, Thanh Lam, Vo, Anh Nguyet, Lam, Nguyen Truc Nhu, Le, Thi Ha Ny, Nguyenn, Ngoc Quang Minh, Ngo, Nguyen Huy Man, Dinh, Thi Ty Hang, Vu, Nguyen Quoc Khanh, Phan, Chanh Xuan, Tran, Thanh Phong, Nguyen, Nguyen Hoang Tu, Tran, Tinh Hien, Tran, Manh Hung, Le, Thanh Truong, Nguyen, Min Yen, Lamh, Thanh Dung, Nguyen, Thwaites, Guy, and Van Vinh Chau, Nguyen

Published
2020
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45. The first 100 days of SARS-CoV-2 control in Vietnam

Author

Thai, Pham Quang, Rabaa, Maia A, Luong, Duong Huy, Tan, Dang Quang, Quang, Tran Dai, Quach, Ha-Linh, Hoang Thi, Ngoc-Anh, Dinh, Phung Cong, Nghia, Ngu Duy, Tu, Tran Anh, Quang, La Ngoc, Phuc, Tran My, Chau, Vinh, Khanh, Nguyen Cong, Anh, Dang Duc, Duong, Tran Nhu, Thwaites, Guy, van Doorn, H Rogier, Choisy, Marc, Chambers, Mary, Day, Jeremy, Trinh, Dong Huu Khanh, Tam, Dong Thi Hoai, Donovan, Joseph, Duc, Du Hong, Geskus, Ronald B, Chanh, Ho Quang, Van, Hien Ho, Thao, Huong Dang, Huy, Huynh le Anh, Ha, Huynh Ngan, Trieu, Huynh Trung, Yen, Huynh Xuan, Kestelyn, Evelyne, Kesteman, Thomas, Nguyet, Lam Anh, Yen, Lam Minh, Lawson, Katrina, Thanh, Le Kim, Nhu, Le Nguyen Truc, Nhat, Le Thanh Hoang, Lan, Le Thi Hoang, Van, Tan Le, Lewycka, Sonia Odette, Tran, Nguyen Bao, Nguyet, Nguyen Minh, Quyen, Nguyen Than Ha, Ngoc, Nguyen Thanh, Ny, Nguyen Thi Han, Thuong, Nguyen Thi Hong, Trang, Nguyen Thi Huyen, Tuyen, Nguyen Thi Kim, Diep, Nguyen Thi Ngoc, Dung, Nguyen Thi Phuong, Tam, Nguyen Thi, Hong, Nguyen Thi Thu, Trang, Nguyen Thu, Van, Vinh Chau Nguyen, Truong, Nguyen Xuan, Van, Ninh Thi Thanh, Khanh, Phan Nguyen Quoc, Lam, Phung Khanh, Yen, Phung Le Kim, Nhat, Phung Tran Huy, Rabaa, Maia, Thuong, Thuong Nguyen Thuy, Thwaites, Louise, Thanh, Tran Tan, Ngoc, Tran Thi Bich, Hien, Tran Tinh, van, Doorn H Rogier, van, Nuil Jennifer, Bich, Vu Thi Ngoc, Hang, Vu Thi Ty, Yacoub, Sophie, and Group, OUCRU COVID-19 Research

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Geographic mobility, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Vietnamese, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, Asymptomatic, law.invention, Disease Outbreaks, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, law, Quarantine, Major Article, Medicine, asymptomatic, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Epidemics, education.field_of_study, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Confidence interval, language.human_language, 3. Good health, Editorial Commentary, Transmission (mechanics), AcademicSubjects/MED00290, Infectious Diseases, Vietnam, Communicable Disease Control, language, medicine.symptom, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Contact tracing, Demography, Serial interval, epidemic control
Abstract

BackgroundOne hundred days after SARS-CoV-2 was first reported in Vietnam on January 23rd, 270 cases have been confirmed, with no deaths. We describe the control measures used by the Government and their relationship with imported and domestically-acquired case numbers, with the aim of identifying the measures associated with successful SARS-CoV-2 control.MethodsClinical and demographic data on the first 270 SARS-CoV-2 infected cases and the timing and nature of Government control measures, including numbers of tests and quarantined individuals, were captured by Vietnam’s National Steering Committee for COVID-19 response. Apple and Google mobility data provided proxies for population movement. Serial intervals were calculated from 33 infector-infectee pairs and used to estimate the proportion of pre-symptomatic transmission events and time-varying reproduction numbers.FindingsAfter the first confirmed case on January 23rd, the Vietnamese Government initiated mass communications measures, case-contact tracing, mandatory 14-day quarantine, school and university closures, and progressive flight restrictions. A national lockdown was implemented between April 1st and 22nd. Around 200 000 people were quarantined and 266 122 RT-PCR tests conducted. Population mobility decreased progressively before lockdown. 60% (163/270) of cases were imported; 43% (89/208) of resolved infections remained asymptomatic for the duration of infection. 21 developed severe disease, with no deaths. The serial interval was 3.24 days, and 27.5% (95% confidence interval, 15.7%-40.0%) of transmissions occurred pre-symptomatically. Limited transmission amounted to a maximum reproduction number of 1.15 (95% confidence interval, 0.37-2.36). No community transmission has been detected since April 15th.InterpretationVietnam has controlled SARS-CoV-2 spread through the early introduction of mass communication, meticulous contact-tracing with strict quarantine, and international travel restrictions. The value of these interventions is supported by the high proportion of asymptomatic and imported cases, and evidence for substantial pre-symptomatic transmission.FundingThe Vietnam Ministry of Health and Wellcome Trust, UK.Research in contextEvidence before this studyVietnam was one of the first countries outside of China to detect imported and human-to-human transmitted SARS-CoV-2 within its borders. Yet, as of May 1st, a total of only 270 cases have been confirmed, no deaths have occurred, and no community transmission has been detected since April 15th despite intensive screening, tracing and testing. We did a PubMed database search to identify studies investigating COVID-19 response in Vietnam using the terms “Vietnam”, “COVID-19”, and “SARS-CoV-2”. All relevant articles were evaluated. Studies describe cases of COVID-19 and their management, aspects of the government response from newspapers and online government sources, but there are no previous reports using national data to describe and investigate the national epidemic and the impact of control measures cases over time.Added value of this studyWe used data from the National Steering Committee for COVID-19 response to give a comprehensive account of the first 100 days of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Vietnam, including case numbers and their symptomatology, the estimated reproductive number by week, and their relation to the multiple control measures instituted by the Vietnam Government over time. We show two distinctive features of Vietnam’s response. First, the Government took rapid actions to restrict international flights, closed schools and universities, and instituted meticulous case-contact tracing and quarantining from late January, well before these measures were advised by WHO. Second, they placed mass communication, education, and the identification, serial testing, and 14-day quarantine of all direct contacts of cases, regardless of symptom development, at the heart of the response. The value of strict contact-tracing and quarantine is supported by the high proportion of asymptomatic cases (43%) and imported cases (60%), and evidence for substantial pre-symptomatic transmission.Implications of all the available evidenceVietnam has had remarkable success in controlling the emergence of SARS-CoV-2. Our report provides a complete picture of the control of SARS-CoV-2 in Vietnam, with lessons for other Governments seeking to extend national SARS-CoV-2 control or prevent future epidemics. Our findings shows the importance of acting early, before the virus becomes established in the community, and before the case numbers overwhelm systems of case-contact tracing and mass quarantine. They also demonstrate the value of effective mass communication in rapidly educating the public in infection prevention measures and providing real-time information on the state of the epidemic.

Published
2020

46. Immunoreaction-Mediated Aggregation of Gold Nanoparticles for Sensitive and Selective Assay of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen

Author

Kim-Triet Dang, Van-Tan Le, Jian-Hui Jiang, Dinh-Vu Le, and Van-Cuong Nguyen

Subjects
HBsAg, Materials science, Biomedical Engineering, Metal Nanoparticles, Bioengineering, Biosensing Techniques, Hepatitis b surface antigen, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Humans, General Materials Science, Hepatitis B Antibodies, Detection limit, Hepatitis B Surface Antigens, 030206 dentistry, General Chemistry, Hepatitis B, Condensed Matter Physics, Molecular biology, Colloidal gold, Homogeneous, Quantitative assay, Hepatitis B surface antibody, Gold, Biosensor
Abstract

A rapid, sensitive and quantitative assay method for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is of paramount importance for the drug development and in the diagnosis of this disease. Here, we proposed a novel biosensor that sensitively and selectively screen Hepatitis B surface antigen. This strategy relies on the cross-linking aggregation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) that were decorated with Hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) and Raman reporter 5-thio-nitrobenzoic acid (TNB) by Hepatitis B surface antigen. The immune reaction between HBsAb and HBsAg offers this strategy high specificity, and the use of AuNPs additionally allows a visual and homogeneous assay format, thus permitting improved simplicity and throughput of the assays. The selectivity and sensitivity in HBsAg assay were achieved with a wide linear response range from 0.5 ng/mL to 50 ng/mL and a detection limit of 0.2 ng/mL. The results indicated that this strategy can offer a simple, robust and convenient platform for HBsAg analysis and related biochemical studies with high sensitivity and selectivity.

Published
2018
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49. Molecular strategy for the direct detection and identification of human enteroviruses in clinical specimens associated with hand, foot and mouth disease

Author

Zhou, Yonghong, primary, Qiu, Qi, additional, Luo, Kaiwei, additional, Liao, Qiaohong, additional, Li, Yu, additional, Cui, Peng, additional, Liang, Lu, additional, Cheng, Yibing, additional, Wang, Lili, additional, Wang, Kai, additional, Van Tan, Le, additional, Rogier van Doorn, H., additional, and Yu, Hongjie, additional

Published
2020
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