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1. In-situ crystallographic mapping constrains sulfate deposition and timing in Jezero crater, Mars

Author: Jones, Michael W. M., Flannery, David T., Hurowitz, Joel A., Tice, Mike T., Schrank, Christoph E., Allwood, Abigail C., Tosca, Nicholas J., Catling, David C., VanBommel, Scott J., Knight, Abigail L., Ganly, Briana, Siebach, Kirsten L., Benison, Kathleen C., Broz, Adrian P., Zorzano, Maria-Paz, Heirwegh, Chris M., Orenstein, Brendan J., Clark, Benton C., Sinclair, Kimberly P., Shumway, Andrew O., Wade, Lawrence A., Davidoff, Scott, Nemere, Peter, Wright, Austin P., Galvin, Adrian E., Randazzo, Nicholas, Martinez-Frias, Jesus, and ONeil, Lauren P.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Late-stage Ca-sulfate-filled fractures are common on Mars. Notably, the Shenandoah formation in the western edge of Jezero crater preserves a variety of Ca-sulfate minerals in the fine-grained siliciclastic rocks explored by the Perseverance rover. However, the depositional environment and timing of the formation of these sulfates is unknown. To address this outstanding problem, we developed a new technique to map the crystal textures of these sulfates in situ at two stratigraphically similar locations in the Shenandoah formation, allowing us to constrain the burial depth and paleoenvironment at the time of their deposition. Our results suggest that some Ca-sulfate analyzed was formed at a burial depth greater than 80m, whereas Ca-sulfates present at another outcrop likely precipitated in a shallow-subsurface environment. These results indicate that samples collected for potential return to Earth at the two studied locations capture two different times and distinct chemical conditions in the depositional history of the Shenandoah formation providing multiple opportunities to evaluate surface and subsurface habitability.
Published: 2024

2. Adaptive sampling with PIXL on the Mars Perseverance rover

Author: Lawson, Peter R., Kizovski, Tanya V., Tice, Michael M., Clark III, Benton C., VanBommel, Scott J., Thompson, David R., Wade, Lawrence A., Denise, Robert W., Heirwegh, Christopher M., Elam, W. Timothy, Schmidt, Mariek E., Liu, Yang, Allwood, Abigail C., Gilbert, Martin S., and Bornstein, Benjamin J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: Planetary rovers can use onboard data analysis to adapt their measurement plan on the fly, improving the science value of data collected between commands from Earth. This paper describes the implementation of an adaptive sampling algorithm used by PIXL, the X-ray fluorescence spectrometer of the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover. PIXL is deployed using the rover arm to measure X-ray spectra of rocks with a scan density of several thousand points over an area of typically 5 x 7 mm. The adaptive sampling algorithm is programmed to recognize points of interest and to increase the signal-to-noise ratio at those locations by performing longer integrations. Two approaches are used to formulate the sampling rules based on past quantification data: 1) Expressions that isolate particular regions within a ternary compositional diagram, and 2) Machine learning rules that threshold for a high weight percent of particular compounds. The design of the rulesets are outlined and the performance of the algorithm is quantified using measurements from the surface of Mars. To our knowledge, PIXL's adaptive sampling represents the first autonomous decision-making based on real-time compositional analysis by a spacecraft on the surface of another planet., Comment: 24 pages including 11 figures and 7 tables. Submitted for publication to the journal Icarus
Published: 2024

3. Adaptive sampling with PIXL on the Mars Perseverance rover

Author: Lawson, Peter R., Kizovski, Tanya V., Tice, Michael M., Clark, Benton C., VanBommel, Scott J., Thompson, David R., Wade, Lawrence A., Denise, Robert W., Heirwegh, Christopher M., Elam, W. Timothy, Schmidt, Mariek E., Liu, Yang, Allwood, Abigail C., Gilbert, Martin S., and Bornstein, Benjamin J.
Published: 2025
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4. Statistical characterization of PIXL trace element detection limits

Author: Christian, John R., VanBommel, Scott J., Elam, William T., Ganly, Brianna, Hurowitz, Joel A., Heirwegh, Christopher M., Allwood, Abigail C., Clark, Benton C., Kizovski, Tanya V., and Knight, Abigail L.
Published: 2023
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5. The power of paired proximity science observations: Co-located data from SHERLOC and PIXL on Mars

Author: Razzell Hollis, Joseph, Moore, Kelsey R., Sharma, Sunanda, Beegle, Luther, Grotzinger, John P., Allwood, Abigail, Abbey, William, Bhartia, Rohit, Brown, Adrian J., Clark, Benton, Cloutis, Edward, Corpolongo, Andrea, Henneke, Jesper, Hickman-Lewis, Keyron, Hurowitz, Joel A., Jones, Michael W.M., Liu, Yang, Martinez-Frías, Jesús, Murphy, Ashley, Pedersen, David A.K., Shkolyar, Svetlana, Siljeström, Sandra, Steele, Andrew, Tice, Mike, Treiman, Alan, Uckert, Kyle, VanBommel, Scott, and Yanchilina, Anastasia
Published: 2022
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6. Evidence of Sulfate‐Rich Fluid Alteration in Jezero Crater Floor, Mars

Author: Siljeström, Sandra, primary, Czaja, Andrew D., additional, Corpolongo, Andrea, additional, Berger, Eve L., additional, Li, An Y., additional, Cardarelli, Emily, additional, Abbey, William, additional, Asher, Sanford A., additional, Beegle, Luther W., additional, Benison, Kathleen C., additional, Bhartia, Rohit, additional, Bleefeld, Benjamin L., additional, Burton, Aaron S., additional, Bykov, Sergei V., additional, Clark, Benton, additional, DeFlores, Lauren, additional, Ehlmann, Bethany L., additional, Fornaro, Teresa, additional, Fox, Allie, additional, Gómez, Felipe, additional, Hand, Kevin, additional, Haney, Nikole C., additional, Hickman‐Lewis, Keyron, additional, Hug, William F., additional, Imbeah, Samara, additional, Jakubek, Ryan S., additional, Kah, Linda C., additional, Kivrak, Lydia, additional, Lee, Carina, additional, Liu, Yang, additional, Martínez‐Frías, Jesús, additional, McCubbin, Francis M., additional, Minitti, Michelle, additional, Moore, Kelsey, additional, Morris, Richard V., additional, Núñez, Jorge I., additional, Osterhout, Jeffrey T., additional, Phua, Yu Yu, additional, Randazzo, Nicolas, additional, Hollis, Joseph Razzell, additional, Rodriguez, Carolina, additional, Roppel, Ryan, additional, Scheller, Eva L., additional, Sephton, Mark, additional, Sharma, Shiv K., additional, Sharma, Sunanda, additional, Steadman, Kim, additional, Steele, Andrew, additional, Tice, Michael, additional, Uckert, Kyle, additional, VanBommel, Scott, additional, Williams, Amy J., additional, Williford, Kenneth H., additional, Winchell, Katherine, additional, Wu, Megan Kennedy, additional, Yanchilina, Anastasia, additional, and Zorzano, Maria‐Paz, additional
Published: 2024
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7. Late-stage diagenetic concretions in the Murray formation, Gale crater, Mars

Author: Sun, Vivian Z., Stack, Kathryn M., Kah, Linda C., Thompson, Lucy, Fischer, Woodward, Williams, Amy J., Johnson, Sarah S., Wiens, Roger C., Kronyak, Rachel E., Nachon, Marion, House, Christopher H., and VanBommel, Scott
Published: 2019
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8. Manganese-Iron Phosphate Nodules at the Groken Site, Gale Crater, Mars

Author: Treiman, Allan H., primary, Lanza, Nina L., additional, VanBommel, Scott, additional, Berger, Jeff, additional, Wiens, Roger, additional, Bristow, Thomas, additional, Johnson, Jeffrey, additional, Rice, Melissa, additional, Hart, Reginald, additional, McAdam, Amy, additional, Gasda, Patrick, additional, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, additional, Yen, Albert, additional, Williams, Amy J., additional, Vasavada, Ashwin, additional, Vaniman, David, additional, Tu, Valerie, additional, Thorpe, Michael, additional, Swanner, Elizabeth D., additional, Seeger, Christina, additional, Schwenzer, Susanne P., additional, Schröder, Susanne, additional, Rampe, Elizabeth, additional, Rapin, William, additional, Ralston, Silas J., additional, Peretyazhko, Tanya, additional, Newsom, Horton, additional, Morris, Richard V., additional, Ming, Douglas, additional, Loche, Matteo, additional, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, additional, House, Christopher, additional, Hazen, Robert, additional, Grotzinger, John P., additional, Gellert, Ralf, additional, Gasnault, Olivier, additional, Fischer, Woodward W., additional, Essunfeld, Ari, additional, Downs, Robert T., additional, Downs, Gordon W., additional, Dehouck, Erwin, additional, Crossey, Laura J., additional, Cousin, Agnes, additional, Comellas, Jade M., additional, Clark, Joanna V., additional, Clark, Benton, additional, Chipera, Steve, additional, Caravaca, Gwenaël, additional, Bridges, John, additional, Blake, David F., additional, and Anderson, Ryan, additional
Published: 2023
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9. Alteration history of Séítah formation rocks inferred by PIXL x-ray fluorescence, x-ray diffraction, and multispectral imaging on Mars

Author: Tice, Michael M, Hurowitz, Joel A, Allwood, Abigail C, Jones, Michael WM, Orenstein, Brendan J, Davidoff, Scott, Wright, Austin P, Pedersen, David AK, Henneke, Jesper, Tosca, Nicholas J, Moore, Kelsey R, Clark, Benton C, McLennan, Scott M, Flannery, David T, Steele, Andrew, Brown, Adrian J, Zorzano, Maria-Paz, Hickman-Lewis, Keyron, Liu, Yang, VanBommel, Scott J, Schmidt, Mariek E, Kizovski, Tanya V, Treiman, Allan H, O'Neil, Lauren, Fairén, Alberto G, Shuster, David L, Gupta, Sanjeev, PIXL Team, Tice, Michael M [0000-0003-2560-1702], Hurowitz, Joel A [0000-0002-5857-8652], Jones, Michael WM [0000-0002-0720-8715], Orenstein, Brendan J [0000-0002-6586-4227], Davidoff, Scott [0000-0002-4417-7268], Wright, Austin P [0000-0002-0197-4638], Pedersen, David AK [0000-0001-7182-8567], Henneke, Jesper [0000-0002-3195-7417], Tosca, Nicholas J [0000-0003-4415-4231], Clark, Benton C [0000-0002-5546-8757], McLennan, Scott M [0000-0003-4259-7178], Flannery, David T [0000-0001-8982-496X], Steele, Andrew [0000-0001-9643-2841], Brown, Adrian J [0000-0002-9352-6989], Zorzano, Maria-Paz [0000-0002-4492-9650], Hickman-Lewis, Keyron [0000-0001-8014-233X], Liu, Yang [0000-0003-0308-0942], VanBommel, Scott J [0000-0002-6565-0827], Schmidt, Mariek E [0000-0003-4793-7899], Kizovski, Tanya V [0000-0001-8188-9769], Treiman, Allan H [0000-0002-8073-2839], O'Neil, Lauren [0000-0003-1555-8229], Fairén, Alberto G [0000-0002-2938-6010], Shuster, David L [0000-0003-2507-9977], Gupta, Sanjeev [0000-0001-6415-1332], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: PIXL Team
Abstract: Collocated crystal sizes and mineral identities are critical for interpreting textural relationships in rocks and testing geological hypotheses, but it has been previously impossible to unambiguously constrain these properties using in situ instruments on Mars rovers. Here, we demonstrate that diffracted and fluoresced x-rays detected by the PIXL instrument (an x-ray fluorescence microscope on the Perseverance rover) provide information about the presence or absence of coherent crystalline domains in various minerals. X-ray analysis and multispectral imaging of rocks from the Séítah formation on the floor of Jezero crater shows that they were emplaced as coarsely crystalline igneous phases. Olivine grains were then partially dissolved and filled by finely crystalline or amorphous secondary silicate, carbonate, sulfate, and chloride/oxychlorine minerals. These results support the hypothesis that Séítah formation rocks represent olivine cumulates altered by fluids far from chemical equilibrium at low water-rock ratios.
Published: 2022
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10. THE PETROGENETIC HISTORY OF THE JEZERO CRATER DELTA FRONT FROM MICROSCALE OBSERVATIONS BY THE MARS 2020 PIXL INSTRUMENT

Author: Hurowitz, Joel, Tice, Michael M., Allwood, Abbigail, Cable, Morgan L., Bosak, T., Broz, Adrian, Caravaca, Gwénaël, Clark, Benton, Dehouck, Erwin, Fairén, Alberto, Gomez, F., Grotzinger, John, Gupta, Sanjeev, Johnson, Jeffrey, Kah, Linda, Kalucha, Hemani, Labrie, J., Li, A., Mandon, Lucia, Núñez, Jorge, Pedersen, D., Poulet, François, Randazzo, Nicolas, Scheller, Eva, Schmidt, Mariek E., Shuster, David L., Siebach, Kirsten, Siljeström, Sandra, Simon, Justin I., Tosca, Nicholas, Treiman, Allan, Vanbommel, Scott, Wade, Lawrence, Williford, Kenneth H., Yanchilina, Anastasia, Department of Geosciences [Stony Brook], Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), Texas A&M University [College Station], Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences [MIT, Cambridge] (EAPS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Space Science Institute [Boulder] (SSI), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Department of Earth Sciences, Brock University, Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Danish Technical University, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), University of Alberta, Berkeley Geochronology Center (BGC), Rice University [Houston], RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Blue Marble Space Institute of Science (BMSIS), Impossible Sensing Inc., and Lunar and Planetary Institute
Subjects: Jezero crater, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Mars 2020, Mars, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Mineralogy, geochemistry, delta front
Abstract: International audience; On ~sol 370 of the Perseverance rover mission, the Mars 2020 Science Team completed its investigation of igneous units of the Jezero crater floor [1] and directed Perseverance to drive towards the topographic scarp that marks the interface between the crater floor and Jezero’s western delta. The “Delta Front Campaign” consisted of close-up investigation and sampling of lithologies located there.Here, we report on the major findings relevant to the provenance and diagenetic history of these lithologies deduced from measurements made by the Planetary Instrument for X-ray Lithochemistry (PIXL), a micro-focus X-ray fluorescence (XRF) microscope [2]. Data were collected from two sections at Cape Nukshak and Hawksbill Gap; outcrop and member names are from [3]. Lithologies are described here in order from base to top of each section.
Published: 2023

11. Trace Element Concentrations from the Mars Exploration Rover Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometers: Implications for the Geologic Histories of Meridiani Planum and Gusev Crater

Author: Knight, Abigail, primary, VanBommel, Scott, additional, Gellert, Ralf, additional, Berger, Jeff, additional, Catalano, Jeffrey, additional, and Gross, Juliane, additional
Published: 2023
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12. A varnish-like high-manganese rock coating in Jezero crater, Mars

Author: Lanza, Nina, primary, Gasda, Patrick, additional, Ollila, Ann, additional, Chide, Baptiste, additional, Garczynski, Bradley, additional, Johnson, Jeffrey, additional, Fischer, Woodward, additional, Treiman, Allan, additional, Williams, Amy, additional, VanBommel, Scott, additional, Knight, Abigail, additional, Hurowitz, Joel, additional, Sharma, Sunanda, additional, Kalucha, Hemani, additional, Conrad, Pamela, additional, Benzerara, Karim, additional, Clave, Elise, additional, Mandon, Lucia, additional, Wiens, Roger, additional, and Maurice, Sylvestre, additional
Published: 2023
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13. Constraining the Chemistry of Sub-cm Diagenetic Features with Curiosity's Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer

Author: VanBommel, Scott, primary, Berger, Jeff, additional, Gellert, Ralf, additional, O'Connell-Cooper, Catherine, additional, Thompson, Lucy, additional, McCraig, Michael, additional, Yen, Albert, additional, Christian, John, additional, Knight, Abigail, additional, and Boyd, Nicholas, additional
Published: 2023
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14. Provenance and Diagenesis of Martian Sedimentary Rocks in the Jezero Crater Delta Front from Microscale Observations by the Mars 2020 PIXL Instrument

Author: Hurowitz, Joel, primary, Tice, Michael, additional, Allwood, Abigail, additional, Cable, Morgan, additional, Bosak, Tanja, additional, Broz, Adrian, additional, Caravaca, Gwénaël, additional, Clark, Ben, additional, Dehouck, Erwin, additional, Fairen, Alberto, additional, Gomez, Felipe, additional, Grotzinger, John, additional, Gupta, Sanjeev, additional, Johnson, Jeffrey, additional, Kah, Linda, additional, Kalucha, Hemani, additional, Labrie, Josh, additional, Li, An, additional, Mandon, Lucia, additional, Núñez, Jorge, additional, Pedersen, David, additional, Poulet, Francois, additional, Randazzo, Nicolas, additional, Scheller, Eva, additional, Schmidt, Mariek, additional, Shuster, David, additional, Siebach, Kirsten, additional, Siljeström, Sandra, additional, Simon, Justin, additional, Tosca, Nicholas, additional, Treiman, Allan, additional, VanBommel, Scott, additional, Wade, Lawrence, additional, Williford, Kenneth, additional, and Yanchilina, Anastasia, additional
Published: 2023
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15. Diagenetic Concretions and Timing of Fluid Episodes in the Murray Formation, Gale Crater, Mars

Author: Sun, Vivian Z, Stack, Kathryn M, Kah, Linda C, Thompson, Lucy, Fischer, Woodward, Williams, Amy J, Johnson, Sarah S, Wiens, Roger C, Kronyak, Rachel E, Nachon, Marion, House, Chris H, and VanBommel, Scott
Published: 2018

16. Diagenetic Concretions and Timing of Fluid Episodes in the Murray Formation, Gale Crater, Mars

Author: VanBommel, Scott, House, Chris H, Nachon, Marion, Kronyak, Rachel E, Wiens, Roger C, Johnson, Sarah S, Williams, Amy J, Fischer, Woodward, Thompson, Lucy, Kah, Linda C, Stack, Kathryn M, and Sun, Vivian Z
Abstract: UNKNOWN
Published: 2018

17. Alteration history of Séítah formation rocks inferred by PIXL x-ray fluorescence, x-ray diffraction, and multispectral imaging on Mars

Author: Tice, Michael M., Hurowitz, Joel A., Allwood, Abigail C., Jones, Michael W. M., Orenstein, Brendan J., Davidoff, Scott, Wright, Austin P., Pedersen, David A. K., Henneke, Jesper, Tosca, Nicholas J., Moore, Kelsey R., Clark, Benton C., McLennan, Scott M., Flannery, David T., Steele, Andrew, Brown, Adrian J., Zorzano, Maria-Paz, Hickman-Lewis, Keyron, Liu, Yang, VanBommel, Scott J., Schmidt, Mariek E., Kizovski, Tanya V., Treiman, Allan H., O'Neil, Lauren, Fairén, Alberto G., Shuster, David L., and Gupta, Sanjeev
Subjects: Multidisciplinary
Abstract: Collocated crystal sizes and mineral identities are critical for interpreting textural relationships in rocks and testing geological hypotheses, but it has been previously impossible to unambiguously constrain these properties using in situ instruments on Mars rovers. Here, we demonstrate that diffracted and fluoresced x-rays detected by the PIXL instrument (an x-ray fluorescence microscope on the Perseverance rover) provide information about the presence or absence of coherent crystalline domains in various minerals. X-ray analysis and multispectral imaging of rocks from the Séítah formation on the floor of Jezero crater shows that they were emplaced as coarsely crystalline igneous phases. Olivine grains were then partially dissolved and filled by finely crystalline or amorphous secondary silicate, carbonate, sulfate, and chloride/oxychlorine minerals. These results support the hypothesis that Séítah formation rocks represent olivine cumulates altered by fluids far from chemical equilibrium at low water-rock ratios.
Published: 2022
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18. APXS-determined compositional diversity of eolian Siccar Point group sandstones, Gale crater Mars: Implications for provenance and timing of events

Author: Thompson, Lucy, primary, Spray, John, additional, Gellert, Ralf, additional, Williams, Rebecca, additional, Berger, Jeffrey, additional, O'Connell-Cooper, Catherine, additional, Yen, Albert, additional, McCraig, Michael, additional, VanBommel, Scott, additional, and Boyd, Nicholas, additional
Published: 2022
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19. Orbital and In-Situ Investigation of the Bagnold Dunes and Sands of Forvie, Gale Crater, Mars

Author: Moreland, Eleanor Louise, primary, Arvidson, Raymond E., additional, Morris, Richard V., additional, Condus, Thomas, additional, Hughes, Madison Nicole, additional, Weitz, Catherine M., additional, and VanBommel, Scott J., additional
Published: 2022
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20. The power of paired proximity science observations: Co-located data from SHERLOC and PIXL on Mars

Author: Hollis, Joseph Razzell, Moore, Kelsey R., Sharma, Sunanda, Beegle, Luther, Grotzinger, John P., Allwood, Abigail, Abbey, William, Bhartia, Rohit, Brown, Adrian J., Clark, Benton, Cloutis, Edward, Corpolongo, Andrea, Henneke, Jesper, Hickman-Lewis, Keyron, Hurowitz, Joel A., Jones, Michael W.M., Liu, Yang, Martinez-Frías, Jesús, Murphy, Ashley, Pedersen, David A.K., Shkolyar, Svetlana, Siljeström, Sandra, Steele, Andrew, Tice, Mike, Treiman, Alan, Uckert, Kyle, VanBommel, Scott, Yanchilina, Anastasia, Hollis, Joseph Razzell, Moore, Kelsey R., Sharma, Sunanda, Beegle, Luther, Grotzinger, John P., Allwood, Abigail, Abbey, William, Bhartia, Rohit, Brown, Adrian J., Clark, Benton, Cloutis, Edward, Corpolongo, Andrea, Henneke, Jesper, Hickman-Lewis, Keyron, Hurowitz, Joel A., Jones, Michael W.M., Liu, Yang, Martinez-Frías, Jesús, Murphy, Ashley, Pedersen, David A.K., Shkolyar, Svetlana, Siljeström, Sandra, Steele, Andrew, Tice, Mike, Treiman, Alan, Uckert, Kyle, VanBommel, Scott, and Yanchilina, Anastasia
Abstract: We present a synthesis of PIXL elemental data and SHERLOC Raman spectra collected on two targets investigated by the Perseverance rover during the first year of its exploration of Jezero Crater, Mars. The Bellegarde target (in the Máaz formation) and Dourbes target (in the Séítah formation) exhibit distinctive mineralogies that are an ideal case study for in situ analysis by SHERLOC and PIXL. Each instrument alone produces valuable data about the chemistry and spatial distribution of mineral phases at the sub-millimeter scale. However, combining data from both instruments provides a more robust interpretation that overcomes the limitations of either instrument, for example: 1) Detection of correlated calcium and sulfur in Bellegarde by PIXL is corroborated by the co-located detection of calcium sulfate by SHERLOC. 2) Detection of sodium and chlorine in Dourbes is consistent with either chloride or oxychlorine salts, but SHERLOC does not detect perchlorate or chlorate. 3) A Raman peak at 1120 cm−1 in Dourbes could be sulfate or pyroxene, but elemental abundances from PIXL at that location are a better match to pyroxene. This study emphasizes the importance of analyzing co-located data from both instruments together, to obtain a more complete picture of sub-millimeter-scale mineralogy measured in situ in Jezero crater, Mars, by the Perseverance rover.
Published: 2022

21. Alteration at the base of the Siccar Point unconformity and further evidence for an alkaline provenance at Gale crater: Exploration of the Mount Sharp group, Greenheugh pediment cap rock contact with APXS

Author: Thompson, Lucy M, primary, Spray, John G., additional, O'Connell-Cooper, Catherine D, additional, Berger, Jeff A, additional, Yen, Albert S., additional, Boyd, Nicholas, additional, Gellert, Ralf, additional, McCraig, Michael A., additional, and VanBommel, Scott J, additional
Published: 2022
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22. Profiling Martian Dust Using PIXL Images

Author: Henneke, Jesper, primary, Pedersen, David A. K., additional, Jørgensen, John Leif, additional, Liu, Yang, additional, Allwood, Abigail C., additional, Hurowitz, Joel, additional, Schmidt, Mariek E., additional, and VanBommel, Scott J., additional
Published: 2022
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23. Manganese Mobility in Gale Crater, Mars: Leached Bedrock and Localized Enrichments

Author: Berger, Jeff A, primary, King, Penelope, additional, Gellert, Ralf, additional, Clark, Benton C., additional, Flood, Victoria A, additional, McCraig, Michael A., additional, Ming, Douglas, additional, O'Connell-Cooper, Catherine D, additional, Schmidt, Mariek E., additional, Thompson, Lucy M, additional, VanBommel, Scott J, additional, Wilhelm, Brent, additional, and Yen, Albert S., additional
Published: 2022
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24. Geology and Geochemistry of Noachian Bedrock and Alteration Events, Meridiani Planum, Mars: MER Opportunity Observations

Author: Mittlefehldt, David W., primary, Gellert, Ralf, additional, vanBommel, Scott, additional, Arvidson, Raymond E., additional, Ashley, James W., additional, Clark, Benton C., additional, Crumpler, Larry S., additional, Farrand, William H., additional, Golombek, Matthew P., additional, Grant, John A., additional, Morris, Richard V., additional, and Schröder, Christian, additional
Published: 2021
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25. Origin of Life on Mars: Suitability and Opportunities

Author: Clark, Benton C., primary, Kolb, Vera M., additional, Steele, Andrew, additional, House, Christopher H., additional, Lanza, Nina L., additional, Gasda, Patrick J., additional, VanBommel, Scott J., additional, Newsom, Horton E., additional, and Martínez-Frías, Jesús, additional
Published: 2021
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26. Elemental Composition and Chemical Evolution of Geologic Materials in Gale Crater, Mars: APXS Results From Bradbury Landing to the Vera Rubin Ridge

Author: Berger, Jeff A., primary, Gellert, Ralf, additional, Boyd, Nicholas I., additional, King, Penelope L., additional, McCraig, Michael A., additional, O'Connell‐Cooper, Catherine D., additional, Schmidt, Mariek E., additional, Spray, John G., additional, Thompson, Lucy M., additional, VanBommel, Scott J. V., additional, and Yen, Albert S., additional
Published: 2020
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27. Extraformational sediment recycling on Mars

Author: Edgett, Kenneth S., primary, Banham, Steven G., additional, Bennett, Kristen A., additional, Edgar, Lauren A., additional, Edwards, Christopher S., additional, Fairén, Alberto G., additional, Fedo, Christopher M., additional, Fey, Deirdra M., additional, Garvin, James B., additional, Grotzinger, John P., additional, Gupta, Sanjeev, additional, Henderson, Marie J., additional, House, Christopher H., additional, Mangold, Nicolas, additional, McLennan, Scott M., additional, Newsom, Horton E., additional, Rowland, Scott K., additional, Siebach, Kirsten L., additional, Thompson, Lucy, additional, VanBommel, Scott J., additional, Wiens, Roger C., additional, Williams, Rebecca M.E., additional, and Yingst, R. Aileen, additional
Published: 2020
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28. Elemental composition and chemical evolution of geologic materials in Gale crater, Mars: APXS results from Bradbury Landing to the Vera Rubin Ridge

Author: Berger, Jeff A, primary, Gellert, Ralf, additional, Boyd, Nicholas, additional, King, Penelope, additional, McCraig, Michael A., additional, O'Connell-Cooper, Catherine D, additional, Schmidt, Mariek E., additional, Spray, John G., additional, Thompson, Lucy M, additional, VanBommel, Scott J, additional, and Yen, Albert S., additional
Published: 2020
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29. Elemental Composition and Chemical Evolution of Geologic Materials in Gale Crater, Mars: APXS Results From Bradbury Landing to the Vera Rubin Ridge

Author: Berger, Jeff A., Gellert, R., Boyd, Nicholas I., King, Penelope, McCraig, Michael A., O'Connell-Cooper, Catherine D., Schmidt, Mariek E., Spray, John G., Thompson, Lucy, VanBommel, Scott J. V., Yen, Albert S., Berger, Jeff A., Gellert, R., Boyd, Nicholas I., King, Penelope, McCraig, Michael A., O'Connell-Cooper, Catherine D., Schmidt, Mariek E., Spray, John G., Thompson, Lucy, VanBommel, Scott J. V., and Yen, Albert S.
Abstract: The Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS) on the rover Curiosity has analyzed the composition of geologic materials along a >20-km traverse in Gale crater on Mars. The APXS dataset after 6.5 Earth years (2,301 sols) includes 712 analyses of soil, sand, float, bedrock, and drilled/scooped fines. We present the APXS results over this duration and provide stratigraphic context for each target. We identify the best APXS measurement of each of the 22 drilled and scooped samples that were delivered to the instruments Chemistry and Mineralogy (CheMin; X-ray diffractometer) and Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM; mass spectrometer and gas chromatograph) during this period. The APXS results demonstrate that the basaltic and alkali-rich units in the Bradbury group (sols 0-750) show minimal alteration indicating an arid climate. In contrast, the Murray formation of the Mount Sharp group (sols ∼750-2,301) has compositions indicating pervasive alteration. Diagenetic features are common and show fluid interaction with the sediment after (and possibly during) lithification. A sandstone unit, the Stimson formation, overlies part of the Murray formation. This has a composition similar to the basaltic sand and soil, suggesting a shared source. Cross-cutting, fracture-associated haloes are evidence of late-stage fluid alteration after lithification of the sediment. The APXS dataset, evaluated in concert with the full science payload of Curiosity, indicates that Gale crater was habitable, and that liquid water was stable for extended periods.
Published: 2020

30. Extraformational sediment recycling on Mars

Author: Yingst, R. A., Edgett, Kenneth S., Banham, Steven G., Bennett, Kristen A., Edgar, Lauren A., Edwards, Christopher S., Fairén, Alberto G., Fedo, Christopher M., Fey, Deirdra M., Garvin, James B., Grotzinger, J., Gupta, Sanjeev, Henderson, Marie J., House, Christopher H., Mangold, Nicolas, McLennan, Scott M., Newsom, H., Rowland, S.K., Siebach, Kirsten L., Thompson, L., VanBommel, Scott J., Wiens, Roger C., Williams, R. M. E., Yingst, R. A., Edgett, Kenneth S., Banham, Steven G., Bennett, Kristen A., Edgar, Lauren A., Edwards, Christopher S., Fairén, Alberto G., Fedo, Christopher M., Fey, Deirdra M., Garvin, James B., Grotzinger, J., Gupta, Sanjeev, Henderson, Marie J., House, Christopher H., Mangold, Nicolas, McLennan, Scott M., Newsom, H., Rowland, S.K., Siebach, Kirsten L., Thompson, L., VanBommel, Scott J., Wiens, Roger C., and Williams, R. M. E.
Abstract: Extraformational sediment recycling (old sedimentary rock to new sedimentary rock) is a fundamental aspect of Earth's geological record; tectonism exposes sedimentary rock, whereupon it is weathered and eroded to form new sediment that later becomes lithified. On Mars, tectonism has been minor, but two decades of orbiter instrument-based studies show that some sedimentary rocks previously buried to depths of kilometers have been exposed, by erosion, at the surface. Four locations in Gale crater, explored using the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Curiosity rover, exhibit sedimentary lithoclasts in sedimentary rock: At Marias Pass, they are mudstone fragments in sandstone derived from strata below an erosional unconformity; at Bimbe, they are pebble-sized sandstone and, possibly, laminated, intraclast-bearing, chemical (calcium sulfate) sediment fragments in conglomerates; at Cooperstown, they are pebble-sized fragments of sandstone within coarse sandstone; at Dingo Gap, they are cobble-sized, stratified sandstone fragments in conglomerate derived from an immediately underlying sandstone. Mars orbiter images show lithified sediment fans at the termini of canyons that incise sedimentary rock in Gale crater; these, too, consist of recycled, extraformational sediment. The recycled sediments in Gale crater are compositionally immature, indicating the dominance of physical weathering processes during the second known cycle. The observations at Marias Pass indicate that sediment eroded and removed from craters such as Gale crater during the Martian Hesperian Period could have been recycled to form new rock elsewhere. Our results permit prediction that lithified deltaic sediments at the Perseverance (landing in 2021) and Rosalind Franklin (landing in 2023) rover field sites could contain extraformational recycled sediment.
Published: 2020

31. Enhancing the Science Return of Landed X-ray Spectrometers on the Mars Rovers

Author: VanBommel, Scott, primary and Gellert, Ralf, additional
Published: 2020
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32. Expanding the Capability of the Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer Including Quantification of Fine-Scale Chemistry and Atmospheric Monitoring

Author: VanBommel, Scott and Gellert, Ralf
Subjects: APXS, Atmosphere, Raster, Mars, Deconvolution, Curiosity Rover
Abstract: The chemical composition of the surface of Mars has been investigated with the Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS) dating back to the first Martian mobile explorer in 1997. The Alpha Proton X-Ray Spectrometer on the Sojourner rover predated the significantly improved Mars Exploration Rover (MER) APXS which flew on twin missions, each landing in 2004. The most recent and Canadian-built APXS, part of the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission that landed in 2012, built on the experience of its MER predecessors and provides further design enhancements benefiting the mission's science objectives. The APXS is perfectly suited for spaceflight through its use of 244Cm sources to generate the alpha particles and X-rays required for X-ray spectroscopy. The complementary use of both particle-induced X-ray emission and X-ray fluorescence excitation methods provides the necessary level of sensitivity across the geologically relevant elements. The work presented herein focuses on three manuscripts and the associated unpublished work in their support that investigates the APXS method in detail to enhance the scientific return. The longevity of the overall science mission offers a wealth of data for analysis across multiple landing sites on Mars. Though primarily used for solid samples, the APXS on the MER rover Opportunity has monitored the change in atmospheric argon density over six Mars years. The observed argon mixing ratio is consistent with previous published global climate models. Two short-lived spikes in argon density during the equatorial migration of the argon-enriched polar air mass are observed for the first time. A novel analytical method is presented to deconvolve the endmember chemistry of surface features smaller than the dime-sized APXS field of view through a combined analysis of images and APXS data. The use of images in a new way facilitates the generation of a three-dimensional operational environment for the APXS. The analysis method improves the interpretation of important APXS results in a constrained operational environment. Specific to the MSL mission primary objective, the method resolved chemistry at the sub-cm scale showing clear evidence of either multiple fluid events or an evolving fluid at some point on the surface of Mars. This work was supported by the Canadian Space Agency under contract 9F052-14-0592 for the MSL APXS.
Published: 2017

33. Diverse Lithologies and Alteration Events on the Rim of Noachian‐Aged Endeavour Crater, Meridiani Planum, Mars: In Situ Compositional Evidence

Author: Mittlefehldt, David W., primary, Gellert, Ralf, additional, vanBommel, Scott, additional, Ming, Douglas W., additional, Yen, Albert S., additional, Clark, Benton C., additional, Morris, Richard V., additional, Schröder, Christian, additional, Crumpler, Larry S., additional, Grant, John A., additional, Jolliff, Bradley L., additional, Arvidson, Raymond E., additional, Farrand, William H., additional, Herkenhoff, Kenneth E., additional, Bell, James F., additional, Cohen, Barbara A., additional, Klingelhöfer, Göstar, additional, Schrader, Christian M., additional, and Rice, James W., additional
Published: 2018
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34. Oxidation of manganese in an ancient aquifer, Kimberley formation, Gale crater, Mars: Manganese Fracture Fills in Gale Crater

Author: Lanza, Nina L., Wiens, Roger C., Arvidson, Raymond E., Clark, Benton C., Fischer, Woodward W., Gellert, Ralf, Grotzinger, John P., Hurowitz, Joel A., McLennan, Scott M., Morris, Richard V., Rice, Melissa S., Bell, James F., Berger, Jeffrey A., Blaney, Diana L., Bridges, Nathan T., Calef, Fred, Campbell, John L., Clegg, Samuel M., Cousin, Agnes, Edgett, Kenneth S., Fabre, Cécile, Fisk, Martin R., Forni, Olivier, Frydenvang, Jens, Hardy, Keian R., Hardgrove, Craig, Johnson, Jeffrey R., Lasue, Jeremie, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Malin, Michael C., Mangold, Nicolas, Martìn-Torres, Javier, Maurice, Sylvestre, McBride, Marie J., Ming, Douglas W., Newsom, Horton E., Ollila, Ann M., Sautter, Violaine, Schröder, Susanne, Thompson, Lucy M., Treiman, Allan H., VanBommel, Scott, Vaniman, David T., and Zorzano, Marìa-Paz
Abstract: The Curiosity rover observed high Mn abundances (>25 wt % MnO) in fracture‐filling materials that crosscut sandstones in the Kimberley region of Gale crater, Mars. The correlation between Mn and trace metal abundances plus the lack of correlation between Mn and elements such as S, Cl, and C, reveals that these deposits are Mn oxides rather than evaporites or other salts. On Earth, environments that concentrate Mn and deposit Mn minerals require water and highly oxidizing conditions; hence, these findings suggest that similar processes occurred on Mars. Based on the strong association between Mn‐oxide deposition and evolving atmospheric dioxygen levels on Earth, the presence of these Mn phases on Mars suggests that there was more abundant molecular oxygen within the atmosphere and some groundwaters of ancient Mars than in the present day.
Published: 2016

35. Zinc and germanium in the sedimentary rocks of Gale Crater on Mars indicate hydrothermal enrichment followed by diagenetic fractionation

Author: Berger, Jeff A., primary, Schmidt, Mariek E., additional, Gellert, Ralf, additional, Boyd, Nicholas I., additional, Desouza, Elstan D., additional, Flemming, Roberta L., additional, Izawa, Matthew R. M., additional, Ming, Douglas W., additional, Perrett, Glynis M., additional, Rampe, Elizabeth B., additional, Thompson, Lucy M., additional, VanBommel, Scott J. V., additional, and Yen, Albert S., additional
Published: 2017
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36. Curiosity Rover Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) Views of the Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks of Gale Crater, Mars

Author: Edgett, Kenneth S., primary, Yingst, R. Aileen, additional, Minitti, Michelle E., additional, Kennedy, Megan R., additional, Krezoski, Gillian M., additional, Fey, Deirdra M., additional, Le Mouelic, Stephane, additional, Rowland, Scott K., additional, Kah, Linda C., additional, Heydari, Ezat, additional, Garvin, James B., additional, and VanBommel, Scott J., additional
Published: 2017
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37. Evidence for indigenous nitrogen in sedimentary and aeolian deposits from the Curiosity rover investigations at Gale crater, Mars

Author: Stern, Jennifer C., Sutter, Brad, Freissinet, Caroline, Navarro-González, Rafael, McKay, Christopher P., Archer, P. Douglas, Buch, Arnaud, Brunner, Anna E., Coll, Patrice, Eigenbrode, Jennifer L., Fairen, Alberto G., Franz, Heather B., Glavin, Daniel P., Kashyap, Srishti, McAdam, Amy C., Ming, Douglas W., Steele, Andrew, Szopa, Cyril, Wray, James J., Martín-Torres, F. Javier, Zorzano, Maria-Paz, Conrad, Pamela G., Mahaffy, Paul R., Kemppinen, Osku, Bridges, Nathan, Johnson, Jeffrey R., Minitti, Michelle, Cremers, David, Bell, James F., Edgar, Lauren, Farmer, Jack, Godber, Austin, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, Wellington, Danika, McEwan, Ian, Newman, Claire, Richardson, Mark, Charpentier, Antoine, Peret, Laurent, King, Penelope, Blank, Jennifer, Weigle, Gerald, Schmidt, Mariek, Li, Shuai, Milliken, Ralph, Robertson, Kevin, Sun, Vivian, Baker, Michael, Edwards, Christopher, Ehlmann, Bethany, Farley, Kenneth, Griffes, Jennifer, Grotzinger, John, Miller, Hayden, Newcombe, Megan, Pilorget, Cedric, Rice, Melissa, Siebach, Kirsten, Stack, Katie, Stolper, Edward, Brunet, Claude, Hipkin, Victoria, Léveillé, Richard, Marchand, Geneviève, Sánchez, Pablo Sobrón, Favot, Laurent, Cody, George, Flückiger, Lorenzo, Lees, David, Nefian, Ara, Martin, Mildred, Gailhanou, Marc, Westall, Frances, Israël, Guy, Agard, Christophe, Baroukh, Julien, Donny, Christophe, Gaboriaud, Alain, Guillemot, Philippe, Lafaille, Vivian, Lorigny, Eric, Paillet, Alexis, Pérez, René, Saccoccio, Muriel, Yana, Charles, Armiens-Aparicio, Carlos, Rodríguez, Javier Caride, Blázquez, Isaías Carrasco, Gómez, Felipe Gómez, Gómez-Elvira, Javier, Hettrich, Sebastian, Malvitte, Alain Lepinette, Jiménez, Mercedes Marín, Martínez-Frías, Jesús, Martín-Soler, Javier, Torres, F. Javier Martín, Jurado, Antonio Molina, Mora-Sotomayor, Luis, Caro, Guillermo Muñoz, López, Sara Navarro, Peinado-González, Verónica, Pla-García, Jorge, Manfredi, José Antonio Rodriguez, Romeral-Planelló, Julio José, Fuentes, Sara Alejandra Sans, Martinez, Eduardo Sebastian, Redondo, Josefina Torres, Urqui-O'Callaghan, Roser, Mier, María-Paz Zorzano, Chipera, Steve, Lacour, Jean-Luc, Mauchien, Patrick, Sirven, Jean-Baptiste, Manning, Heidi, Fairén, Alberto, Hayes, Alexander, Joseph, Jonathan, Squyres, Steven, Sullivan, Robert, Thomas, Peter, Dupont, Audrey, Lundberg, Angela, Melikechi, Noureddine, Mezzacappa, Alissa, DeMarines, Julia, Grinspoon, David, Reitz, Günther, Prats, Benito, Atlaskin, Evgeny, Genzer, Maria, Harri, Ari-Matti, Haukka, Harri, Kahanpää, Henrik, Kauhanen, Janne, Paton, Mark, Polkko, Jouni, Schmidt, Walter, Siili, Tero, Fabre, Cécile, Wray, James, Wilhelm, Mary Beth, Poitrasson, Franck, Patel, Kiran, Gorevan, Stephen, Indyk, Stephen, Paulsen, Gale, Gupta, Sanjeev, Bish, David, Schieber, Juergen, Gondet, Brigitte, Langevin, Yves, Geffroy, Claude, Baratoux, David, Berger, Gilles, Cros, Alain, d’Uston, Claude, Forni, Olivier, Gasnault, Olivier, Lasue, Jérémie, Lee, Qiu-Mei, Maurice, Sylvestre, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Pallier, Etienne, Parot, Yann, Pinet, Patrick, Schröder, Susanne, Toplis, Mike, Lewin, Éric, Brunner, Will, Heydari, Ezat, Achilles, Cherie, Oehler, Dorothy, Cabane, Michel, Coscia, David, Dromart, Gilles, Robert, François, Sautter, Violaine, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Mangold, Nicolas, Nachon, Marion, Stalport, Fabien, François, Pascaline, Raulin, François, Teinturier, Samuel, Cameron, James, Clegg, Sam, Cousin, Agnès, DeLapp, Dorothea, Dingler, Robert, Jackson, Ryan Steele, Johnstone, Stephen, Lanza, Nina, Little, Cynthia, Nelson, Tony, Wiens, Roger C., Williams, Richard B., Jones, Andrea, Kirkland, Laurel, Treiman, Allan, Baker, Burt, Cantor, Bruce, Caplinger, Michael, Davis, Scott, Duston, Brian, Edgett, Kenneth, Fay, Donald, Hardgrove, Craig, Harker, David, Herrera, Paul, Jensen, Elsa, Kennedy, Megan R., Krezoski, Gillian, Krysak, Daniel, Lipkaman, Leslie, Malin, Michael, McCartney, Elaina, McNair, Sean, Nixon, Brian, Posiolova, Liliya, Ravine, Michael, Salamon, Andrew, Saper, Lee, Stoiber, Kevin, Supulver, Kimberley, Van Beek, Jason, Van Beek, Tessa, Zimdar, Robert, French, Katherine Louise, Iagnemma, Karl, Miller, Kristen, Summons, Roger, Goesmann, Fred, Goetz, Walter, Hviid, Stubbe, Johnson, Micah, Lefavor, Matthew, Lyness, Eric, Breves, Elly, Dyar, M. Darby, Fassett, Caleb, Blake, David F., Bristow, Thomas, DesMarais, David, Edwards, Laurence, Haberle, Robert, Hoehler, Tori, Hollingsworth, Jeff, Kahre, Melinda, Keely, Leslie, McKay, Christopher, Bleacher, Lora, Brinckerhoff, William, Choi, David, Conrad, Pamela, Dworkin, Jason P., Eigenbrode, Jennifer, Floyd, Melissa, Garvin, James, Glavin, Daniel, Harpold, Daniel, Mahaffy, Paul, Martin, David K., McAdam, Amy, Pavlov, Alexander, Raaen, Eric, Smith, Michael D., Stern, Jennifer, Tan, Florence, Trainer, Melissa, Meyer, Michael, Posner, Arik, Voytek, Mary, Anderson, Robert C, Aubrey, Andrew, Beegle, Luther W., Behar, Alberto, Blaney, Diana, Brinza, David, Calef, Fred, Christensen, Lance, Crisp, Joy A., DeFlores, Lauren, Feldman, Jason, Feldman, Sabrina, Flesch, Gregory, Hurowitz, Joel, Jun, Insoo, Keymeulen, Didier, Maki, Justin, Mischna, Michael, Morookian, John Michael, Parker, Timothy, Pavri, Betina, Schoppers, Marcel, Sengstacken, Aaron, Simmonds, John J., Spanovich, Nicole, Juarez, Manuel de la Torre, Vasavada, Ashwin R., Webster, Christopher R., Yen, Albert, Archer, Paul Douglas, Cucinotta, Francis, Jones, John H., Ming, Douglas, Morris, Richard V., Niles, Paul, Rampe, Elizabeth, Nolan, Thomas, Fisk, Martin, Radziemski, Leon, Barraclough, Bruce, Bender, Steve, Berman, Daniel, Dobrea, Eldar Noe, Tokar, Robert, Vaniman, David, Williams, Rebecca M. E., Yingst, Aileen, Lewis, Kevin, Leshin, Laurie, Cleghorn, Timothy, Huntress, Wesley, Manhès, Gérard, Hudgins, Judy, Olson, Timothy, Stewart, Noel, Sarrazin, Philippe, Grant, John, Vicenzi, Edward, Wilson, Sharon A., Bullock, Mark, Ehresmann, Bent, Hamilton, Victoria, Hassler, Donald, Peterson, Joseph, Rafkin, Scot, Zeitlin, Cary, Fedosov, Fedor, Golovin, Dmitry, Karpushkina, Natalya, Kozyrev, Alexander, Litvak, Maxim, Malakhov, Alexey, Mitrofanov, Igor, Mokrousov, Maxim, Nikiforov, Sergey, Prokhorov, Vasily, Sanin, Anton, Tretyakov, Vladislav, Varenikov, Alexey, Vostrukhin, Andrey, Kuzmin, Ruslan, Clark, Benton, Wolff, Michael, McLennan, Scott, Botta, Oliver, Drake, Darrell, Bean, Keri, Lemmon, Mark, Schwenzer, Susanne P., Anderson, Ryan B., Herkenhoff, Kenneth, Lee, Ella Mae, Sucharski, Robert, Hernández, Miguel Ángel de Pablo, Ávalos, Juan José Blanco, Ramos, Miguel, Kim, Myung-Hee, Malespin, Charles, Plante, Ianik, Muller, Jan-Peter, Ewing, Ryan, Boynton, William, Downs, Robert, Fitzgibbon, Mike, Harshman, Karl, Morrison, Shaunna, Dietrich, William, Kortmann, Onno, Palucis, Marisa, Sumner, Dawn Y., Williams, Amy, Lugmair, Günter, Wilson, Michael A., Rubin, David, Jakosky, Bruce, Balic-Zunic, Tonci, Frydenvang, Jens, Jensen, Jaqueline Kløvgaard, Kinch, Kjartan, Koefoed, Asmus, Madsen, Morten Bo, Stipp, Susan Louise Svane, Boyd, Nick, Campbell, John L., Gellert, Ralf, Perrett, Glynis, Pradler, Irina, VanBommel, Scott, Jacob, Samantha, Owen, Tobias, Rowland, Scott, Savijärvi, Hannu, Boehm, Eckart, Böttcher, Stephan, Burmeister, Sönke, Guo, Jingnan, Köhler, Jan, García, César Martín, Mueller-Mellin, Reinhold, Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert, Bridges, John C., McConnochie, Timothy, Benna, Mehdi, Franz, Heather, Bower, Hannah, Brunner, Anna, Blau, Hannah, Boucher, Thomas, Carmosino, Marco, Atreya, Sushil, Elliott, Harvey, Halleaux, Douglas, Rennó, Nilton, Wong, Michael, Pepin, Robert, Elliott, Beverley, Spray, John, Thompson, Lucy, Gordon, Suzanne, Newsom, Horton, Ollila, Ann, Williams, Joshua, Vasconcelos, Paulo, Bentz, Jennifer, Nealson, Kenneth, Popa, Radu, Kah, Linda C., Moersch, Jeffrey, Tate, Christopher, Day, Mackenzie, Kocurek, Gary, Hallet, Bernard, Sletten, Ronald, Francis, Raymond, McCullough, Emily, Cloutis, Ed, ten Kate, Inge Loes, Arvidson, Raymond, Fraeman, Abigail, Scholes, Daniel, Slavney, Susan, Stein, Thomas, Ward, Jennifer, Berger, Jeffrey, Moores, John E., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, Laboratorio de Química de Plasmas y Estudios Planetarios [Mexico], Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares [Mexico], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM)-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux - EA 4038 (LGPM), CentraleSupélec, ASU School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Astronomy [Ithaca], Cornell University [New York], Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology [GSFC] (CRESST), Centre de Recherche Public Henri Tudor [Technoport] (CRP Henri Tudor), Centre de Recherche Public Henri-Tudor [Luxembourg] (CRP Henri-Tudor), Department of Microbiology [Amherst], University of Massachusetts [Amherst] (UMass Amherst), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS)-University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science (ARES), NASA-NASA, Geophysical Laboratory [Carnegie Institution], Carnegie Institution for Science, PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences [Atlanta], Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (IACT), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de Granada (UGR), Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering [Luleå], Luleå University of Technology (LUT), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Carnegie Institution for Science [Washington], Universidad de Granada (UGR)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cornell University, Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Department of Microbiology, IMPEC - LATMOS, Universidad de Granada (UGR)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR)
Subjects: Martian, Multidisciplinary, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Water on Mars, nitrates, astrobiology, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Mars, Mars Exploration Program, 01 natural sciences, nitrogen, Astrobiology, Curiosity, 13. Climate action, Rocknest, 0103 physical sciences, Sample Analysis at Mars, Physical Sciences, Aeolian processes, Composition of Mars, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Nitrogen cycle, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; The Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) investigation on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Curiosity rover has detected oxidized nitrogen-bearing compounds during pyrolysis of scooped aeolian sediments and drilled sedimentary deposits within Gale crater. Total N concentrations ranged from 20 to 250 nmol N per sample. After subtraction of known N sources in SAM, our results support the equivalent of 110–300 ppm of nitrate in the Rocknest (RN) aeolian samples, and 70–260 and 330–1,100 ppm nitrate in John Klein (JK) and Cumberland (CB) mudstone deposits, respectively. Discovery of indigenous martian nitrogen in Mars surface materials has important implications for habitability and, specifically, for the potential evolution of a nitrogen cycle at some point in martian history. The detection of nitrate in both wind-drifted fines (RN) and in mudstone (JK, CB) is likely a result of N2 fixation to nitrate generated by thermal shock from impact or volcanic plume lightning on ancient Mars. Fixed nitrogen could have facilitated the development of a primitive nitrogen cycle on the surface of ancient Mars, potentially providing a biochemically accessible source of nitrogen.
Published: 2015
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38. Modeling and mitigation of sample relief effects applied to chemistry measurements by the Mars Science Laboratory Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer

Author: VanBommel, Scott J., primary, Gellert, Ralf, additional, Berger, Jeff A., additional, Thompson, Lucy M., additional, Edgett, Kenneth S., additional, McBride, Marie J., additional, Minitti, Michelle E., additional, Boyd, Nicholas I., additional, and Campbell, John L., additional
Published: 2017
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39. Oxidation of manganese in an ancient aquifer, Kimberley formation, Gale crater, Mars:Manganese Fracture Fills in Gale Crater

Author: Lanza, Nina L., Wiens, Roger C., Arvidson, Raymond E., Clark, Benton C., Fischer, Woodward W., Gellert, Ralf, Grotzinger, John P., Hurowitz, Joel A., Mclennan, Scott M., Morris, Richard V., Rice, Melissa S., Bell, James F., Berger, Jeffrey A., Blaney, Diana L., Bridges, Nathan T., Calef, Fred, Campbell, John L., Clegg, Samuel M., Cousin, Agnes, Edgett, Kenneth S., Fabre, Cécile, Fisk, Martin R., Forni, Olivier, Frydenvang, Jens, Hardy, Keian R., Hardgrove, Craig, Johnson, Jeffrey R., Lasue, Jeremie, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Malin, Michael C., Mangold, Nicolas, Martìn-torres, Javier, Maurice, Sylvestre, Mcbride, Marie J., Ming, Douglas W., Newsom, Horton E., Ollila, Ann M., Sautter, Violaine, Schröder, Susanne, Thompson, Lucy M., Treiman, Allan H., Vanbommel, Scott, Vaniman, David T., Zorzano, Marìa-paz, Lanza, Nina L., Wiens, Roger C., Arvidson, Raymond E., Clark, Benton C., Fischer, Woodward W., Gellert, Ralf, Grotzinger, John P., Hurowitz, Joel A., Mclennan, Scott M., Morris, Richard V., Rice, Melissa S., Bell, James F., Berger, Jeffrey A., Blaney, Diana L., Bridges, Nathan T., Calef, Fred, Campbell, John L., Clegg, Samuel M., Cousin, Agnes, Edgett, Kenneth S., Fabre, Cécile, Fisk, Martin R., Forni, Olivier, Frydenvang, Jens, Hardy, Keian R., Hardgrove, Craig, Johnson, Jeffrey R., Lasue, Jeremie, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Malin, Michael C., Mangold, Nicolas, Martìn-torres, Javier, Maurice, Sylvestre, Mcbride, Marie J., Ming, Douglas W., Newsom, Horton E., Ollila, Ann M., Sautter, Violaine, Schröder, Susanne, Thompson, Lucy M., Treiman, Allan H., Vanbommel, Scott, Vaniman, David T., and Zorzano, Marìa-paz
Published: 2016

40. Oxidation of manganese in an ancient aquifer, Kimberley formation, Gale crater, Mars

Author: Lanza, Nina L., primary, Wiens, Roger C., additional, Arvidson, Raymond E., additional, Clark, Benton C., additional, Fischer, Woodward W., additional, Gellert, Ralf, additional, Grotzinger, John P., additional, Hurowitz, Joel A., additional, McLennan, Scott M., additional, Morris, Richard V., additional, Rice, Melissa S., additional, Bell, James F., additional, Berger, Jeffrey A., additional, Blaney, Diana L., additional, Bridges, Nathan T., additional, Calef, Fred, additional, Campbell, John L., additional, Clegg, Samuel M., additional, Cousin, Agnes, additional, Edgett, Kenneth S., additional, Fabre, Cécile, additional, Fisk, Martin R., additional, Forni, Olivier, additional, Frydenvang, Jens, additional, Hardy, Keian R., additional, Hardgrove, Craig, additional, Johnson, Jeffrey R., additional, Lasue, Jeremie, additional, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, additional, Malin, Michael C., additional, Mangold, Nicolas, additional, Martìn-Torres, Javier, additional, Maurice, Sylvestre, additional, McBride, Marie J., additional, Ming, Douglas W., additional, Newsom, Horton E., additional, Ollila, Ann M., additional, Sautter, Violaine, additional, Schröder, Susanne, additional, Thompson, Lucy M., additional, Treiman, Allan H., additional, VanBommel, Scott, additional, Vaniman, David T., additional, and Zorzano, Marìa-Paz, additional
Published: 2016
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41. High concentrations of manganese and sulfur in deposits on Murray Ridge, Endeavour Crater, Mars

Author: Arvidson, Raymond E., primary, Squyres, Steven W., additional, Morris, Richard V., additional, Knoll, Andrew H., additional, Gellert, Ralf, additional, Clark, Benton C., additional, Catalano, Jeffrey G., additional, Jolliff, Brad L., additional, McLennan, Scott M., additional, Herkenhoff, Kenneth E., additional, VanBommel, Scott, additional, Mittlefehldt, David W., additional, Grotzinger, John P., additional, Guinness, Edward A., additional, Johnson, Jeffrey R., additional, Bell, James F., additional, Farrand, William H., additional, Stein, Nathan, additional, Fox, Valerie K., additional, Golombek, Matthew P., additional, Hinkle, Margaret A.G., additional, Calvin, Wendy M., additional, and de Souza, Paulo A., additional
Published: 2016
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42. Analysis and Calibration of the MER-A APXS Alpha Particle Backscatter Spectra

Author: VanBommel, Scott and Gellert, Ralf
Subjects: Alpha Particle Scattering, Mars Exploration Rover, Rutherford Scattering, Mars, Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer, Martian Atmosphere
Abstract: The Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS) on the Mars Exploration Rovers possesses the ability to detect carbon and oxygen within martian samples via Rutherford backscattering principles. Several consecutive measurements of the martian atmosphere by Spirit, paralleled by Monte Carlo simulations, provided an energy calibration to mitigate the absence of an alpha-mode calibration pre-flight. Data from a pre-flight thermal acceptance test agreed with this energy calibration, confirming the presence of an unexpected offset. Correcting a bug in the APXS firmware resulted in a temperature-independent energy scale. A model was developed and applied to all atmospheric data illustrating a dip in atmospheric peak areas, potentially arising from a week-long weather event on Mars. An early expansion of this model to solid samples has not yet been able to detect any hydrated minerals or carbonates. Preliminary investigations into determining martian atmospheric pressure and potential elemental layering within samples shows promise.
Published: 2013

43. Isotope ratios of H, C, and O in CO₂ and H₂O of the martian atmosphere

Author: Webster, Chris R, Mahaffy, Paul R, Flesch, Gregory J, Niles, Paul B, Jones, John H, Leshin, Laurie A, Atreya, Sushil K, Stern, Jennifer C, Christensen, Lance E, Owen, Tobias, Franz, Heather, Pepin, Robert O, Steele, Andrew and the MSL Science Team, Achilles, Cherie, Agard, Christophe, Alves Verdasca, José Alexandre, Anderson, Robert, Anderson, Ryan, Archer, Doug, Armiens-Aparicio, Carlos, Arvidson, Ray, Atlaskin, Evgeny, Aubrey, Andrew, Baker, Burt, Baker, Michael, Balic-Zunic, Tonci, Baratoux, David, Baroukh, Julien, Barraclough, Bruce, Bean, Keri, Beegle, Luther, Behar, Alberto, Bell, James, Bender, Steve, Benna, Mehdi, Bentz, Jennifer, Berger, Gilles, Berger, Jeff, Berman, Daniel, Bish, David, Blake, David F, Blanco Avalos, Juan J, Blaney, Diana, Blank, Jen, Blau, Hannah, Bleacher, Lora, Boehm, Eckart, Botta, Oliver, Böttcher, Stephan, Boucher, Thomas, Bower, Hannah, Boyd, Nick, Boynton, Bill, Breves, Elly, Bridges, John, Bridges, Nathan, Brinckerhoff, William, Brinza, David, Bristow, Thomas, Brunet, Claude, Brunner, Anna, Brunner, Will, Buch, Arnaud, Bullock, Mark, Burmeister, Sönke, Cabane, Michel, Calef, Fred, Cameron, James, Campbell, John, Cantor, Bruce, Caplinger, Michael, Caride Rodríguez, Javier, Carmosino, Marco, Carrasco Blázquez, Isaías, Charpentier, Antoine, Chipera, Steve, Choi, David, Clark, Benton, Clegg, Sam, Cleghorn, Timothy, Cloutis, Ed, Cody, George, Coll, Patrice, Conrad, Pamela, Coscia, David, Cousin, Agnès, Cremers, David, Crisp, Joy, Cros, Alain, Cucinotta, Frank, d'Uston, Claude, Davis, Scott, Day, Mackenzie, de la Torre Juarez, Manuel, DeFlores, Lauren, DeLapp, Dorothea, DeMarines, Julia, DesMarais, David, Dietrich, William, Dingler, Robert, Donny, Christophe, Downs, Bob, Drake, Darrell, Dromart, Gilles, Dupont, Audrey, Duston, Brian, Dworkin, Jason, Dyar, M Darby, Edgar, Lauren, Edgett, Kenneth, Edwards, Christopher, Edwards, Laurence, Ehlmann, Bethany, Ehresmann, Bent, Eigenbrode, Jen, Elliott, Beverley, Elliott, Harvey, Ewing, Ryan, Fabre, Cécile, Fairén, Alberto, Farley, Ken, Farmer, Jack, Fassett, Caleb, Favot, Laurent, Fay, Donald, Fedosov, Fedor, Feldman, Jason, Feldman, Sabrina, Fisk, Marty, Fitzgibbon, Mike, Floyd, Melissa, Flückiger, Lorenzo, Forni, Olivier, Fraeman, Abby, Francis, Raymond, François, Pascaline, Freissinet, Caroline, French, Katherine Louise, Frydenvang, Jens, Gaboriaud, Alain, Gailhanou, Marc, Garvin, James, Gasnault, Olivier, Geffroy, Claude, Gellert, Ralf, Genzer, Maria, Glavin, Daniel, Godber, Austin, Goesmann, Fred, Goetz, Walter, Golovin, Dmitry, Gómez Gómez, Felipe, Gómez-Elvira, Javier, Gondet, Brigitte, Gordon, Suzanne, Gorevan, Stephen, Grant, John, Griffes, Jennifer, Grinspoon, David, Grotzinger, John, Guillemot, Philippe, Guo, Jingnan, Gupta, Sanjeev, Guzewich, Scott, Haberle, Robert, Halleaux, Douglas, Hallet, Bernard, Hamilton, Vicky, Hardgrove, Craig, Harker, David, Harpold, Daniel, Harri, Ari-Matti, Harshman, Karl, Hassler, Donald, Haukka, Harri, Hayes, Alex, Herkenhoff, Ken, Herrera, Paul, Hettrich, Sebastian, Heydari, Ezat, Hipkin, Victoria, Hoehler, Tori, Hollingsworth, Jeff, Hudgins, Judy, Huntress, Wesley, Hurowitz, Joel, Hviid, Stubbe, Iagnemma, Karl, Indyk, Steve, Israël, Guy, Jackson, Ryan, Jacob, Samantha, Jakosky, Bruce, Jensen, Elsa, Jensen, Jaqueline Kløvgaard, Johnson, Jeffrey, Johnson, Micah, Johnstone, Steve, Jones, Andrea, Joseph, Jonathan, Jun, Insoo, Kah, Linda, Kahanpää, Henrik, Kahre, Melinda, Karpushkina, Natalya, Kasprzak, Wayne, Kauhanen, Janne, Keely, Leslie, Kemppinen, Osku, Keymeulen, Didier, Kim, Myung-Hee, Kinch, Kjartan, King, Penny, Kirkland, Laurel, Kocurek, Gary, Koefoed, Asmus, Köhler, Jan, Kortmann, Onno, Kozyrev, Alexander, Krezoski, Jill, Krysak, Daniel, Kuzmin, Ruslan, Lacour, Jean Luc, Lafaille, Vivian, Langevin, Yves, Lanza, Nina, Lasue, Jeremie, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Lee, Ella Mae, Lee, Qiu-Mei, Lees, David, Lefavor, Matthew, Lemmon, Mark, Lepinette Malvitte, Alain, Léveillé, Richard, Lewin-Carpintier, Éric, Lewis, Kevin, Li, Shuai, Lipkaman, Leslie, Little, Cynthia, Litvak, Maxim, Lorigny, Eric, Lugmair, Guenter, Lundberg, Angela, Lyness, Eric, Madsen, Morten, Maki, Justin, Malakhov, Alexey, Malespin, Charles, Malin, Michael, Mangold, Nicolas, Manhes, Gérard, Manning, Heidi, Marchand, Geneviève, Marín Jiménez, Mercedes, Martín García, César, Martin, Dave, Martin, Mildred, Martínez-Frías, Jesús, Martín-Soler, Javier, Martín-Torres, F Javier, Mauchien, Patrick, Maurice, Sylvestre, McAdam, Amy, McCartney, Elaina, McConnochie, Timothy, McCullough, Emily, McEwan, Ian, McKay, Christopher, McLennan, Scott, McNair, Sean, Melikechi, Noureddine, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Meyer, Michael, Mezzacappa, Alissa, Miller, Hayden, Miller, Kristen, Milliken, Ralph, Ming, Douglas, Minitti, Michelle, Mischna, Michael, Mitrofanov, Igor, Moersch, Jeff, Mokrousov, Maxim, Molina Jurado, Antonio, Moores, John, Mora-Sotomayor, Luis, Morookian, John Michael, Morris, Richard, Morrison, Shaunna, Mueller-Mellin, Reinhold, Muller, Jan-Peter, Muñoz Caro, Guillermo, Nachon, Marion, Navarro López, Sara, Navarro-González, Rafael, Nealson, Kenneth, Nefian, Ara, Nelson, Tony, Newcombe, Megan, Newman, Claire, Newsom, Horton, Nikiforov, Sergey, Nixon, Brian, Noe Dobrea, Eldar, Nolan, Thomas, Oehler, Dorothy, Ollila, Ann, Olson, Timothy, de Pablo Hernández, Miguel Ángel, Paillet, Alexis, Pallier, Etienne, Palucis, Marisa, Parker, Timothy, Parot, Yann, Patel, Kiran, Paton, Mark, Paulsen, Gale, Pavlov, Alex, Pavri, Betina, Peinado-González, Verónica, Peret, Laurent, Perez, Rene, Perrett, Glynis, Peterson, Joe, Pilorget, Cedric, Pinet, Patrick, Pla-García, Jorge, Plante, Ianik, Poitrasson, Franck, Polkko, Jouni, Popa, Radu, Posiolova, Liliya, Posner, Arik, Pradler, Irina, Prats, Benito, Prokhorov, Vasily, Purdy, Sharon Wilson, Raaen, Eric, Radziemski, Leon, Rafkin, Scot, Ramos, Miguel, Rampe, Elizabeth, Raulin, François, Ravine, Michael, Reitz, Günther, Rennó, Nilton, Rice, Melissa, Richardson, Mark, Robert, François, Robertson, Kevin, Rodriguez Manfredi, José Antonio, Romeral-Planelló, Julio J, Rowland, Scott, Rubin, David, Saccoccio, Muriel, Salamon, Andrew, Sandoval, Jennifer, Sanin, Anton, Sans Fuentes, Sara Alejandra, Saper, Lee, Sarrazin, Philippe, Sautter, Violaine, Savijärvi, Hannu, Schieber, Juergen, Schmidt, Mariek, Schmidt, Walter, Scholes, Daniel, Schoppers, Marcel, Schröder, Susanne, Schwenzer, Susanne, Sebastian Martinez, Eduardo, Sengstacken, Aaron, Shterts, Ruslan, Siebach, Kirsten, Siili, Tero, Simmonds, Jeff, Sirven, Jean-Baptiste, Slavney, Susie, Sletten, Ronald, Smith, Michael, Sobrón Sánchez, Pablo, Spanovich, Nicole, Spray, John, Squyres, Steven, Stack, Katie, Stalport, Fabien, Stein, Thomas, Stewart, Noel, Stipp, Susan Louise Svane, Stoiber, Kevin, Stolper, Ed, Sucharski, Bob, Sullivan, Rob, Summons, Roger, Sumner, Dawn, Sun, Vivian, Supulver, Kimberley, Sutter, Brad, Szopa, Cyril, Tan, Florence, Tate, Christopher, Teinturier, Samuel, ten Kate, Inge, Thomas, Peter, Thompson, Lucy, Tokar, Robert, Toplis, Mike, Torres Redondo, Josefina, Trainer, Melissa, Treiman, Allan, Tretyakov, Vladislav, Urqui-O'Callaghan, Roser, Van Beek, Jason, Van Beek, Tessa, VanBommel, Scott, Vaniman, David, Varenikov, Alexey, Vasavada, Ashwin, Vasconcelos, Paulo, Vicenzi, Edward, Vostrukhin, Andrey, Voytek, Mary, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, Ward, Jennifer, Weigle, Eddie, Wellington, Danika, Westall, Frances, Wiens, Roger Craig, Wilhelm, Mary Beth, Williams, Amy, Williams, Joshua, Williams, Rebecca, Williams, Richard B, Wilson, Mike, Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert, Wolff, Mike, Wong, Mike, Wray, James, Wu, Megan, Yana, Charles, Yen, Albert, Yingst, Aileen, Zeitlin, Cary, Zimdar, Robert, and Zorzano Mier, María-Paz
Subjects: isotope ratios, MSL-Radiation, Mars
Published: 2013

44. Deconvolution of distinct lithology chemistry through oversampling with the Mars Science Laboratory Alpha Particle X‐Ray Spectrometer

Author: VanBommel, Scott J., primary, Gellert, Ralf, additional, Berger, Jeff A., additional, Campbell, John L., additional, Thompson, Lucy M., additional, Edgett, Kenneth S., additional, McBride, Marie J., additional, Minitti, Michelle E., additional, Pradler, Irina, additional, and Boyd, Nicholas I., additional
Published: 2016
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45. A global Mars dust composition refined by the Alpha‐Particle X‐ray Spectrometer in Gale Crater

Author: Berger, Jeff A., primary, Schmidt, Mariek E., additional, Gellert, Ralf, additional, Campbell, John L., additional, King, Penelope L., additional, Flemming, Roberta L., additional, Ming, Douglas W., additional, Clark, Benton C., additional, Pradler, Irina, additional, VanBommel, Scott J. V., additional, Minitti, Michelle E., additional, Fairén, Alberto G., additional, Boyd, Nicholas I., additional, Thompson, Lucy M., additional, Perrett, Glynis M., additional, Elliott, Beverley E., additional, and Desouza, Elstan, additional
Published: 2016
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46. MSL-APXS titanium observation tray measurements: laboratory experiments and results for the Rocknest Fines at the Curiosity Field Site in Gale Crater, Mars

Author: Berger, Jeff A., King, Penelope, Gellert, R, Campbell, J.L., Boyd, Nicholas I, Pradler, I, Perrett, Glynis, Edgett, Kenneth, VanBommel, Scott J.V., Schmidt, M E, Lee, Rebekka E.H., Berger, Jeff A., King, Penelope, Gellert, R, Campbell, J.L., Boyd, Nicholas I, Pradler, I, Perrett, Glynis, Edgett, Kenneth, VanBommel, Scott J.V., Schmidt, M E, and Lee, Rebekka E.H.
Abstract: The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover, Curiosity, has a titanium science observation tray (o-tray), upon which portions from drilled and scooped Martian samples can be delivered for analyses by the Alpha-Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS). The standard
Published: 2014

47. MSL-APXS titanium observation tray measurements: Laboratory experiments and results for the Rocknest fines at theCuriosityfield site in Gale Crater, Mars

Author: Berger, Jeff A., primary, King, Penelope L., additional, Gellert, Ralf, additional, Campbell, J. L., additional, Boyd, Nicholas I., additional, Pradler, Irina, additional, Perrett, Glynis M., additional, Edgett, Kenneth S., additional, VanBommel, Scott J. V., additional, Schmidt, Mariek E., additional, and Lee, Rebekka E. H., additional
Published: 2014
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48. Mars’ Surface Radiation Environment Measured with the Mars Science Laboratory’s Curiosity Rover

Author: Hassler, Donald M., primary, Zeitlin, Cary, additional, Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert F., additional, Ehresmann, Bent, additional, Rafkin, Scot, additional, Eigenbrode, Jennifer L., additional, Brinza, David E., additional, Weigle, Gerald, additional, Böttcher, Stephan, additional, Böhm, Eckart, additional, Burmeister, Soenke, additional, Guo, Jingnan, additional, Köhler, Jan, additional, Martin, Cesar, additional, Reitz, Guenther, additional, Cucinotta, Francis A., additional, Kim, Myung-Hee, additional, Grinspoon, David, additional, Bullock, Mark A., additional, Posner, Arik, additional, Gómez-Elvira, Javier, additional, Vasavada, Ashwin, additional, Grotzinger, John P., additional, Team, MSL Science, additional, Kemppinen, Osku, additional, Cremers, David, additional, Bell, James F., additional, Edgar, Lauren, additional, Farmer, Jack, additional, Godber, Austin, additional, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, additional, Wellington, Danika, additional, McEwan, Ian, additional, Newman, Claire, additional, Richardson, Mark, additional, Charpentier, Antoine, additional, Peret, Laurent, additional, King, Penelope, additional, Blank, Jennifer, additional, Schmidt, Mariek, additional, Li, Shuai, additional, Milliken, Ralph, additional, Robertson, Kevin, additional, Sun, Vivian, additional, Baker, Michael, additional, Edwards, Christopher, additional, Ehlmann, Bethany, additional, Farley, Kenneth, additional, Griffes, Jennifer, additional, Miller, Hayden, additional, Newcombe, Megan, additional, Pilorget, Cedric, additional, Rice, Melissa, additional, Siebach, Kirsten, additional, Stack, Katie, additional, Stolper, Edward, additional, Brunet, Claude, additional, Hipkin, Victoria, additional, Léveillé, Richard, additional, Marchand, Geneviève, additional, Sánchez, Pablo Sobrón, additional, Favot, Laurent, additional, Cody, George, additional, Steele, Andrew, additional, Flückiger, Lorenzo, additional, Lees, David, additional, Nefian, Ara, additional, Martin, Mildred, additional, Gailhanou, Marc, additional, Westall, Frances, additional, Israël, Guy, additional, Agard, Christophe, additional, Baroukh, Julien, additional, Donny, Christophe, additional, Gaboriaud, Alain, additional, Guillemot, Philippe, additional, Lafaille, Vivian, additional, Lorigny, Eric, additional, Paillet, Alexis, additional, Pérez, René, additional, Saccoccio, Muriel, additional, Yana, Charles, additional, Armiens‐Aparicio, Carlos, additional, Rodríguez, Javier Caride, additional, Blázquez, Isaías Carrasco, additional, Gómez, Felipe Gómez, additional, Hettrich, Sebastian, additional, Malvitte, Alain Lepinette, additional, Jiménez, Mercedes Marín, additional, Martínez-Frías, Jesús, additional, Martín-Soler, Javier, additional, Martín-Torres, F. Javier, additional, Jurado, Antonio Molina, additional, Mora-Sotomayor, Luis, additional, Caro, Guillermo Muñoz, additional, López, Sara Navarro, additional, Peinado-González, Verónica, additional, Pla-García, Jorge, additional, Manfredi, José Antonio Rodriguez, additional, Romeral-Planelló, Julio José, additional, Fuentes, Sara Alejandra Sans, additional, Martinez, Eduardo Sebastian, additional, Redondo, Josefina Torres, additional, Urqui-O'Callaghan, Roser, additional, Mier, María-Paz Zorzano, additional, Chipera, Steve, additional, Lacour, Jean-Luc, additional, Mauchien, Patrick, additional, Sirven, Jean-Baptiste, additional, Manning, Heidi, additional, Fairén, Alberto, additional, Hayes, Alexander, additional, Joseph, Jonathan, additional, Squyres, Steven, additional, Sullivan, Robert, additional, Thomas, Peter, additional, Dupont, Audrey, additional, Lundberg, Angela, additional, Melikechi, Noureddine, additional, Mezzacappa, Alissa, additional, Berger, Thomas, additional, Matthia, Daniel, additional, Prats, Benito, additional, Atlaskin, Evgeny, additional, Genzer, Maria, additional, Harri, Ari-Matti, additional, Haukka, Harri, additional, Kahanpää, Henrik, additional, Kauhanen, Janne, additional, Paton, Mark, additional, Polkko, Jouni, additional, Schmidt, Walter, additional, Siili, Tero, additional, Fabre, Cécile, additional, Wray, James, additional, Wilhelm, Mary Beth, additional, Poitrasson, Franck, additional, Patel, Kiran, additional, Gorevan, Stephen, additional, Indyk, Stephen, additional, Paulsen, Gale, additional, Gupta, Sanjeev, additional, Bish, David, additional, Schieber, Juergen, additional, Gondet, Brigitte, additional, Langevin, Yves, additional, Geffroy, Claude, additional, Baratoux, David, additional, Berger, Gilles, additional, Cros, Alain, additional, d’Uston, Claude, additional, Forni, Olivier, additional, Gasnault, Olivier, additional, Lasue, Jérémie, additional, Lee, Qiu-Mei, additional, Maurice, Sylvestre, additional, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, additional, Pallier, Etienne, additional, Parot, Yann, additional, Pinet, Patrick, additional, Schröder, Susanne, additional, Toplis, Mike, additional, Lewin, Éric, additional, Brunner, Will, additional, Heydari, Ezat, additional, Achilles, Cherie, additional, Oehler, Dorothy, additional, Sutter, Brad, additional, Cabane, Michel, additional, Coscia, David, additional, Szopa, Cyril, additional, Dromart, Gilles, additional, Robert, François, additional, Sautter, Violaine, additional, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, additional, Mangold, Nicolas, additional, Nachon, Marion, additional, Buch, Arnaud, additional, Stalport, Fabien, additional, Coll, Patrice, additional, François, Pascaline, additional, Raulin, François, additional, Teinturier, Samuel, additional, Cameron, James, additional, Clegg, Sam, additional, Cousin, Agnès, additional, DeLapp, Dorothea, additional, Dingler, Robert, additional, Jackson, Ryan Steele, additional, Johnstone, Stephen, additional, Lanza, Nina, additional, Little, Cynthia, additional, Nelson, Tony, additional, Wiens, Roger C., additional, Williams, Richard B., additional, Jones, Andrea, additional, Kirkland, Laurel, additional, Treiman, Allan, additional, Baker, Burt, additional, Cantor, Bruce, additional, Caplinger, Michael, additional, Davis, Scott, additional, Duston, Brian, additional, Edgett, Kenneth, additional, Fay, Donald, additional, Hardgrove, Craig, additional, Harker, David, additional, Herrera, Paul, additional, Jensen, Elsa, additional, Kennedy, Megan R., additional, Krezoski, Gillian, additional, Krysak, Daniel, additional, Lipkaman, Leslie, additional, Malin, Michael, additional, McCartney, Elaina, additional, McNair, Sean, additional, Nixon, Brian, additional, Posiolova, Liliya, additional, Ravine, Michael, additional, Salamon, Andrew, additional, Saper, Lee, additional, Stoiber, Kevin, additional, Supulver, Kimberley, additional, Van Beek, Jason, additional, Van Beek, Tessa, additional, Zimdar, Robert, additional, French, Katherine Louise, additional, Iagnemma, Karl, additional, Miller, Kristen, additional, Summons, Roger, additional, Goesmann, Fred, additional, Goetz, Walter, additional, Hviid, Stubbe, additional, Johnson, Micah, additional, Lefavor, Matthew, additional, Lyness, Eric, additional, Breves, Elly, additional, Dyar, M. Darby, additional, Fassett, Caleb, additional, Blake, David F., additional, Bristow, Thomas, additional, DesMarais, David, additional, Edwards, Laurence, additional, Haberle, Robert, additional, Hoehler, Tori, additional, Hollingsworth, Jeff, additional, Kahre, Melinda, additional, Keely, Leslie, additional, McKay, Christopher, additional, Bleacher, Lora, additional, Brinckerhoff, William, additional, Choi, David, additional, Conrad, Pamela, additional, Dworkin, Jason P., additional, Floyd, Melissa, additional, Freissinet, Caroline, additional, Garvin, James, additional, Glavin, Daniel, additional, Harpold, Daniel, additional, Mahaffy, Paul, additional, Martin, David K., additional, McAdam, Amy, additional, Pavlov, Alexander, additional, Raaen, Eric, additional, Smith, Michael D., additional, Stern, Jennifer, additional, Tan, Florence, additional, Trainer, Melissa, additional, Meyer, Michael, additional, Voytek, Mary, additional, Anderson, Robert C., additional, Aubrey, Andrew, additional, Beegle, Luther W., additional, Behar, Alberto, additional, Blaney, Diana, additional, Calef, Fred, additional, Christensen, Lance, additional, Crisp, Joy A., additional, DeFlores, Lauren, additional, Feldman, Jason, additional, Feldman, Sabrina, additional, Flesch, Gregory, additional, Hurowitz, Joel, additional, Jun, Insoo, additional, Keymeulen, Didier, additional, Maki, Justin, additional, Mischna, Michael, additional, Morookian, John Michael, additional, Parker, Timothy, additional, Pavri, Betina, additional, Schoppers, Marcel, additional, Sengstacken, Aaron, additional, Simmonds, John J., additional, Spanovich, Nicole, additional, Juarez, Manuel de la Torre, additional, Webster, Christopher R., additional, Yen, Albert, additional, Archer, Paul Douglas, additional, Jones, John H., additional, Ming, Douglas, additional, Morris, Richard V., additional, Niles, Paul, additional, Rampe, Elizabeth, additional, Nolan, Thomas, additional, Fisk, Martin, additional, Radziemski, Leon, additional, Barraclough, Bruce, additional, Bender, Steve, additional, Berman, Daniel, additional, Dobrea, Eldar Noe, additional, Tokar, Robert, additional, Vaniman, David, additional, Williams, Rebecca M. E., additional, Yingst, Aileen, additional, Lewis, Kevin, additional, Leshin, Laurie, additional, Cleghorn, Timothy, additional, Huntress, Wesley, additional, Manhès, Gérard, additional, Hudgins, Judy, additional, Olson, Timothy, additional, Stewart, Noel, additional, Sarrazin, Philippe, additional, Grant, John, additional, Vicenzi, Edward, additional, Wilson, Sharon A., additional, Hamilton, Victoria, additional, Peterson, Joseph, additional, Fedosov, Fedor, additional, Golovin, Dmitry, additional, Karpushkina, Natalya, additional, Kozyrev, Alexander, additional, Litvak, Maxim, additional, Malakhov, Alexey, additional, Mitrofanov, Igor, additional, Mokrousov, Maxim, additional, Nikiforov, Sergey, additional, Prokhorov, Vasily, additional, Sanin, Anton, additional, Tretyakov, Vladislav, additional, Varenikov, Alexey, additional, Vostrukhin, Andrey, additional, Kuzmin, Ruslan, additional, Clark, Benton, additional, Wolff, Michael, additional, McLennan, Scott, additional, Botta, Oliver, additional, Drake, Darrell, additional, Bean, Keri, additional, Lemmon, Mark, additional, Schwenzer, Susanne P., additional, Anderson, Ryan B., additional, Herkenhoff, Kenneth, additional, Lee, Ella Mae, additional, Sucharski, Robert, additional, Hernández, Miguel Ángel de Pablo, additional, Ávalos, Juan José Blanco, additional, Ramos, Miguel, additional, Malespin, Charles, additional, Plante, Ianik, additional, Muller, Jan-Peter, additional, Navarro-González, Rafael, additional, Ewing, Ryan, additional, Boynton, William, additional, Downs, Robert, additional, Fitzgibbon, Mike, additional, Harshman, Karl, additional, Morrison, Shaunna, additional, Dietrich, William, additional, Kortmann, Onno, additional, Palucis, Marisa, additional, Sumner, Dawn Y., additional, Williams, Amy, additional, Lugmair, Günter, additional, Wilson, Michael A., additional, Rubin, David, additional, Jakosky, Bruce, additional, Balic-Zunic, Tonci, additional, Frydenvang, Jens, additional, Jensen, Jaqueline Kløvgaard, additional, Kinch, Kjartan, additional, Koefoed, Asmus, additional, Madsen, Morten Bo, additional, Stipp, Susan Louise Svane, additional, Boyd, Nick, additional, Campbell, John L., additional, Gellert, Ralf, additional, Perrett, Glynis, additional, Pradler, Irina, additional, VanBommel, Scott, additional, Jacob, Samantha, additional, Owen, Tobias, additional, Rowland, Scott, additional, Savijärvi, Hannu, additional, García, César Martín, additional, Mueller-Mellin, Reinhold, additional, Bridges, John C., additional, McConnochie, Timothy, additional, Benna, Mehdi, additional, Franz, Heather, additional, Bower, Hannah, additional, Brunner, Anna, additional, Blau, Hannah, additional, Boucher, Thomas, additional, Carmosino, Marco, additional, Atreya, Sushil, additional, Elliott, Harvey, additional, Halleaux, Douglas, additional, Rennó, Nilton, additional, Wong, Michael, additional, Pepin, Robert, additional, Elliott, Beverley, additional, Spray, John, additional, Thompson, Lucy, additional, Gordon, Suzanne, additional, Newsom, Horton, additional, Ollila, Ann, additional, Williams, Joshua, additional, Vasconcelos, Paulo, additional, Bentz, Jennifer, additional, Nealson, Kenneth, additional, Popa, Radu, additional, Kah, Linda C., additional, Moersch, Jeffrey, additional, Tate, Christopher, additional, Day, Mackenzie, additional, Kocurek, Gary, additional, Hallet, Bernard, additional, Sletten, Ronald, additional, Francis, Raymond, additional, McCullough, Emily, additional, Cloutis, Ed, additional, ten Kate, Inge Loes, additional, Arvidson, Raymond, additional, Fraeman, Abigail, additional, Scholes, Daniel, additional, Slavney, Susan, additional, Stein, Thomas, additional, Ward, Jennifer, additional, Berger, Jeffrey, additional, and Moores, John E., additional
Published: 2014
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49. A Habitable Fluvio-Lacustrine Environment at Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars

Author: Grotzinger, J. P., primary, Sumner, D. Y., additional, Kah, L. C., additional, Stack, K., additional, Gupta, S., additional, Edgar, L., additional, Rubin, D., additional, Lewis, K., additional, Schieber, J., additional, Mangold, N., additional, Milliken, R., additional, Conrad, P. G., additional, DesMarais, D., additional, Farmer, J., additional, Siebach, K., additional, Calef, F., additional, Hurowitz, J., additional, McLennan, S. M., additional, Ming, D., additional, Vaniman, D., additional, Crisp, J., additional, Vasavada, A., additional, Edgett, K. S., additional, Malin, M., additional, Blake, D., additional, Gellert, R., additional, Mahaffy, P., additional, Wiens, R. C., additional, Maurice, S., additional, Grant, J. A., additional, Wilson, S., additional, Anderson, R. C., additional, Beegle, L., additional, Arvidson, R., additional, Hallet, B., additional, Sletten, R. S., additional, Rice, M., additional, Bell, J., additional, Griffes, J., additional, Ehlmann, B., additional, Anderson, R. B., additional, Bristow, T. F., additional, Dietrich, W. E., additional, Dromart, G., additional, Eigenbrode, J., additional, Fraeman, A., additional, Hardgrove, C., additional, Herkenhoff, K., additional, Jandura, L., additional, Kocurek, G., additional, Lee, S., additional, Leshin, L. A., additional, Leveille, R., additional, Limonadi, D., additional, Maki, J., additional, McCloskey, S., additional, Meyer, M., additional, Minitti, M., additional, Newsom, H., additional, Oehler, D., additional, Okon, A., additional, Palucis, M., additional, Parker, T., additional, Rowland, S., additional, Schmidt, M., additional, Squyres, S., additional, Steele, A., additional, Stolper, E., additional, Summons, R., additional, Treiman, A., additional, Williams, R., additional, Yingst, A., additional, Team, MSL Science, additional, Kemppinen, Osku, additional, Bridges, Nathan, additional, Johnson, Jeffrey R., additional, Cremers, David, additional, Godber, Austin, additional, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, additional, Wellington, Danika, additional, McEwan, Ian, additional, Newman, Claire, additional, Richardson, Mark, additional, Charpentier, Antoine, additional, Peret, Laurent, additional, King, Penelope, additional, Blank, Jennifer, additional, Weigle, Gerald, additional, Li, Shuai, additional, Robertson, Kevin, additional, Sun, Vivian, additional, Baker, Michael, additional, Edwards, Christopher, additional, Farley, Kenneth, additional, Miller, Hayden, additional, Newcombe, Megan, additional, Pilorget, Cedric, additional, Brunet, Claude, additional, Hipkin, Victoria, additional, Léveillé, Richard, additional, Marchand, Geneviève, additional, Sánchez, Pablo Sobrón, additional, Favot, Laurent, additional, Cody, George, additional, Flückiger, Lorenzo, additional, Lees, David, additional, Nefian, Ara, additional, Martin, Mildred, additional, Gailhanou, Marc, additional, Westall, Frances, additional, Israël, Guy, additional, Agard, Christophe, additional, Baroukh, Julien, additional, Donny, Christophe, additional, Gaboriaud, Alain, additional, Guillemot, Philippe, additional, Lafaille, Vivian, additional, Lorigny, Eric, additional, Paillet, Alexis, additional, Pérez, René, additional, Saccoccio, Muriel, additional, Yana, Charles, additional, Armiens-Aparicio, Carlos, additional, Rodríguez, Javier Caride, additional, Blázquez, Isaías Carrasco, additional, Gómez, Felipe Gómez, additional, Gómez-Elvira, Javier, additional, Hettrich, Sebastian, additional, Malvitte, Alain Lepinette, additional, Jiménez, Mercedes Marín, additional, Martínez-Frías, Jesús, additional, Martín-Soler, Javier, additional, Martín-Torres, F. Javier, additional, Jurado, Antonio Molina, additional, Mora-Sotomayor, Luis, additional, Caro, Guillermo Muñoz, additional, López, Sara Navarro, additional, Peinado-González, Verónica, additional, Pla-García, Jorge, additional, Manfredi, José Antonio Rodriguez, additional, Romeral-Planelló, Julio José, additional, Fuentes, Sara Alejandra Sans, additional, Martinez, Eduardo Sebastian, additional, Redondo, Josefina Torres, additional, Urqui-O’Callaghan, Roser, additional, Mier, María-Paz Zorzano, additional, Chipera, Steve, additional, Lacour, Jean-Luc, additional, Mauchien, Patrick, additional, Sirven, Jean-Baptiste, additional, Manning, Heidi, additional, Fairén, Alberto, additional, Hayes, Alexander, additional, Joseph, Jonathan, additional, Sullivan, Robert, additional, Thomas, Peter, additional, Dupont, Audrey, additional, Lundberg, Angela, additional, Melikechi, Noureddine, additional, Mezzacappa, Alissa, additional, DeMarines, Julia, additional, Grinspoon, David, additional, Reitz, Günther, additional, Prats, Benito, additional, Atlaskin, Evgeny, additional, Genzer, Maria, additional, Harri, Ari-Matti, additional, Haukka, Harri, additional, Kahanpää, Henrik, additional, Kauhanen, Janne, additional, Paton, Mark, additional, Polkko, Jouni, additional, Schmidt, Walter, additional, Siili, Tero, additional, Fabre, Cécile, additional, Wray, James, additional, Wilhelm, Mary Beth, additional, Poitrasson, Franck, additional, Patel, Kiran, additional, Gorevan, Stephen, additional, Indyk, Stephen, additional, Paulsen, Gale, additional, Bish, David, additional, Gondet, Brigitte, additional, Langevin, Yves, additional, Geffroy, Claude, additional, Baratoux, David, additional, Berger, Gilles, additional, Cros, Alain, additional, d’Uston, Claude, additional, Forni, Olivier, additional, Gasnault, Olivier, additional, Lasue, Jérémie, additional, Lee, Qiu-Mei, additional, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, additional, Pallier, Etienne, additional, Parot, Yann, additional, Pinet, Patrick, additional, Schröder, Susanne, additional, Toplis, Mike, additional, Lewin, Éric, additional, Brunner, Will, additional, Heydari, Ezat, additional, Achilles, Cherie, additional, Sutter, Brad, additional, Cabane, Michel, additional, Coscia, David, additional, Szopa, Cyril, additional, Robert, François, additional, Sautter, Violaine, additional, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, additional, Nachon, Marion, additional, Buch, Arnaud, additional, Stalport, Fabien, additional, Coll, Patrice, additional, François, Pascaline, additional, Raulin, François, additional, Teinturier, Samuel, additional, Cameron, James, additional, Clegg, Sam, additional, Cousin, Agnès, additional, DeLapp, Dorothea, additional, Dingler, Robert, additional, Jackson, Ryan Steele, additional, Johnstone, Stephen, additional, Lanza, Nina, additional, Little, Cynthia, additional, Nelson, Tony, additional, Williams, Richard B., additional, Jones, Andrea, additional, Kirkland, Laurel, additional, Baker, Burt, additional, Cantor, Bruce, additional, Caplinger, Michael, additional, Davis, Scott, additional, Duston, Brian, additional, Fay, Donald, additional, Harker, David, additional, Herrera, Paul, additional, Jensen, Elsa, additional, Kennedy, Megan R., additional, Krezoski, Gillian, additional, Krysak, Daniel, additional, Lipkaman, Leslie, additional, McCartney, Elaina, additional, McNair, Sean, additional, Nixon, Brian, additional, Posiolova, Liliya, additional, Ravine, Michael, additional, Salamon, Andrew, additional, Saper, Lee, additional, Stoiber, Kevin, additional, Supulver, Kimberley, additional, Van Beek, Jason, additional, Van Beek, Tessa, additional, Zimdar, Robert, additional, French, Katherine Louise, additional, Iagnemma, Karl, additional, Miller, Kristen, additional, Goesmann, Fred, additional, Goetz, Walter, additional, Hviid, Stubbe, additional, Johnson, Micah, additional, Lefavor, Matthew, additional, Lyness, Eric, additional, Breves, Elly, additional, Dyar, M. Darby, additional, Fassett, Caleb, additional, Edwards, Laurence, additional, Haberle, Robert, additional, Hoehler, Tori, additional, Hollingsworth, Jeff, additional, Kahre, Melinda, additional, Keely, Leslie, additional, McKay, Christopher, additional, Bleacher, Lora, additional, Brinckerhoff, William, additional, Choi, David, additional, Dworkin, Jason P., additional, Floyd, Melissa, additional, Freissinet, Caroline, additional, Garvin, James, additional, Glavin, Daniel, additional, Harpold, Daniel, additional, Martin, David K., additional, McAdam, Amy, additional, Pavlov, Alexander, additional, Raaen, Eric, additional, Smith, Michael D., additional, Stern, Jennifer, additional, Tan, Florence, additional, Trainer, Melissa, additional, Posner, Arik, additional, Voytek, Mary, additional, Aubrey, Andrew, additional, Behar, Alberto, additional, Blaney, Diana, additional, Brinza, David, additional, Christensen, Lance, additional, DeFlores, Lauren, additional, Feldman, Jason, additional, Feldman, Sabrina, additional, Flesch, Gregory, additional, Jun, Insoo, additional, Keymeulen, Didier, additional, Mischna, Michael, additional, Morookian, John Michael, additional, Pavri, Betina, additional, Schoppers, Marcel, additional, Sengstacken, Aaron, additional, Simmonds, John J., additional, Spanovich, Nicole, additional, Juarez, Manuel de la Torre, additional, Webster, Christopher R., additional, Yen, Albert, additional, Archer, Paul Douglas, additional, Cucinotta, Francis, additional, Jones, John H., additional, Morris, Richard V., additional, Niles, Paul, additional, Rampe, Elizabeth, additional, Nolan, Thomas, additional, Fisk, Martin, additional, Radziemski, Leon, additional, Barraclough, Bruce, additional, Bender, Steve, additional, Berman, Daniel, additional, Dobrea, Eldar Noe, additional, Tokar, Robert, additional, Cleghorn, Timothy, additional, Huntress, Wesley, additional, Manhès, Gérard, additional, Hudgins, Judy, additional, Olson, Timothy, additional, Stewart, Noel, additional, Sarrazin, Philippe, additional, Vicenzi, Edward, additional, Bullock, Mark, additional, Ehresmann, Bent, additional, Hamilton, Victoria, additional, Hassler, Donald, additional, Peterson, Joseph, additional, Rafkin, Scot, additional, Zeitlin, Cary, additional, Fedosov, Fedor, additional, Golovin, Dmitry, additional, Karpushkina, Natalya, additional, Kozyrev, Alexander, additional, Litvak, Maxim, additional, Malakhov, Alexey, additional, Mitrofanov, Igor, additional, Mokrousov, Maxim, additional, Nikiforov, Sergey, additional, Prokhorov, Vasily, additional, Sanin, Anton, additional, Tretyakov, Vladislav, additional, Varenikov, Alexey, additional, Vostrukhin, Andrey, additional, Kuzmin, Ruslan, additional, Clark, Benton, additional, Wolff, Michael, additional, Botta, Oliver, additional, Drake, Darrell, additional, Bean, Keri, additional, Lemmon, Mark, additional, Schwenzer, Susanne P., additional, Lee, Ella Mae, additional, Sucharski, Robert, additional, Hernández, Miguel Ángel de Pablo, additional, Ávalos, Juan José Blanco, additional, Ramos, Miguel, additional, Kim, Myung-Hee, additional, Malespin, Charles, additional, Plante, Ianik, additional, Muller, Jan-Peter, additional, Navarro-González, Rafael, additional, Ewing, Ryan, additional, Boynton, William, additional, Downs, Robert, additional, Fitzgibbon, Mike, additional, Harshman, Karl, additional, Morrison, Shaunna, additional, Kortmann, Onno, additional, Williams, Amy, additional, Lugmair, Günter, additional, Wilson, Michael A., additional, Jakosky, Bruce, additional, Balic-Zunic, Tonci, additional, Frydenvang, Jens, additional, Jensen, Jaqueline Kløvgaard, additional, Kinch, Kjartan, additional, Koefoed, Asmus, additional, Madsen, Morten Bo, additional, Stipp, Susan Louise Svane, additional, Boyd, Nick, additional, Campbell, John L., additional, Perrett, Glynis, additional, Pradler, Irina, additional, VanBommel, Scott, additional, Jacob, Samantha, additional, Owen, Tobias, additional, Savijärvi, Hannu, additional, Boehm, Eckart, additional, Böttcher, Stephan, additional, Burmeister, Sönke, additional, Guo, Jingnan, additional, Köhler, Jan, additional, García, César Martín, additional, Mueller-Mellin, Reinhold, additional, Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert, additional, Bridges, John C., additional, McConnochie, Timothy, additional, Benna, Mehdi, additional, Franz, Heather, additional, Bower, Hannah, additional, Brunner, Anna, additional, Blau, Hannah, additional, Boucher, Thomas, additional, Carmosino, Marco, additional, Atreya, Sushil, additional, Elliott, Harvey, additional, Halleaux, Douglas, additional, Rennó, Nilton, additional, Wong, Michael, additional, Pepin, Robert, additional, Elliott, Beverley, additional, Spray, John, additional, Thompson, Lucy, additional, Gordon, Suzanne, additional, Ollila, Ann, additional, Williams, Joshua, additional, Vasconcelos, Paulo, additional, Bentz, Jennifer, additional, Nealson, Kenneth, additional, Popa, Radu, additional, Moersch, Jeffrey, additional, Tate, Christopher, additional, Day, Mackenzie, additional, Francis, Raymond, additional, McCullough, Emily, additional, Cloutis, Ed, additional, ten Kate, Inge Loes, additional, Scholes, Daniel, additional, Slavney, Susan, additional, Stein, Thomas, additional, Ward, Jennifer, additional, Berger, Jeffrey, additional, and Moores, John E., additional
Published: 2014
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50. Diverse and highly differentiated lava suite in Jezero crater, Mars: Constraints on intracrustal magmatism revealed by Mars 2020 PIXL.

Author: Schmidt, Mariek E., Kizovski, Tanya V., Yang Liu, Hernandez-Montenegro, Juan D., Tice, Michael M., Treiman, Allan H., Hurowitz, Joel A., Klevang, David A., Knight, Abigail L., Labrie, Joshua, Tosca, Nicholas J., VanBommel, Scott J., Benaroya, Sophie, Crumpler, Larry S., Horgan, Briony H. N., Morris, Richard V., Simon, Justin I., Udry, Arya, Yanchilina, Anastasia, and Allwood, Abigail C.
Subjects: *MARS rovers, *PLAGIOCLASE, *MINERALS, *OLIVINE, *FELDSPAR
Abstract: The Jezero crater floor features a suite of related, iron-rich lavas that were examined and sampled by the Mars 2020 rover Perseverance, and whose textures, minerals, and compositions were characterized by the Planetary Instrument for X-ray Lithochemistry (PIXL). This suite, known as the Máaz formation (fm), includes dark-toned basaltic/trachy-basaltic rocks with intergrown pyroxene, plagioclase feldspar, and altered olivine and overlying trachy-andesitic lava with reversely zoned plagioclase phenocrysts in a K-rich groundmass. Feldspar thermal disequilibrium textures indicate that they were carried from their crustal staging area. Bulk and mafic minerals have very high FeO and low MgO to FeOtotal ratios, which are partially reproduced by thermodynamic models involving high-degree fractional crystallization of a gabbroic assemblage and possibly also assimilation of iron-rich basement. Together, these in situ constraints on petrogenesis provide a uniquely detailed record of intracrustal processes beneath Jezero crater during a time period not represented by Mars samples to date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2025
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