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Objetivo: conhecer a percepção de enfermeiros da Atenção Primária sobre plantas medicinais e fitoterápicos. Métodos: estudo qualitativo realizado em Unidades de Saúde da Família no município de Pinheiro-MA, Brasil, no período de fevereiro a maio de 2022. Resultados: Observou-se baixo nível de conhecimento científico sobre a temática, relacionado à ausência de aprendizado significativo sobre o assunto durante a graduação e no período de atuação profissional, estando o pouco conhecimento que possuem condicionado a saberes familiares. A falta de qualificação adequada é a principal dificuldade para a aplicação da fitoterapia na assistência à saúde, apesar de reconhecerem a relevância dessa prática por seu baixo custo, eficácia e fácil acesso da população. Conclusão: Evidenciou-se pouco embasamento quanto à fitoterapia e plantas medicinais pelos profissionais, revelando a necessidade de criação de estratégias de ação voltadas à inserção da fitoterapia na Atenção Primária do município.

Chlamydia psittaci is an agent that causes ornithosis or psittacosis, which can infect homing and wild birds, mammalian animals and humans. Since this disease is an important zoonosis that is fatal and distributed worldwide, it is important to know its occurrence. This study aimed to survey the seropositivity of Chlamydia psittaci in three psittacine collections in three zoos in Portugal. In this study, 112 blood samples of the psittacine belonging to Order Psitaciformes (encompassing 31 species from 14 genera) were used. These samples were tested using a commercial ELISA kit (Immunocomb®, Biogal). The serological examination of psittacine samples using ELISA showed that 54 were positive (48.2%; 95% confidence interval, CI: 39.0-57.4%). The genus Ara exhibited significantly higher seropositivity than other genera (P, Chlamydia psittaci uzročnik je ornitoze (psitakoze) koja može inficirati i domaće i divlje ptice, sisavce, ali i ljude. S obzirom da je ova bolest sveprisutna zoonoza koja može biti fatalna, a rasprostranjena je diljem svijeta, važno ju je znati prepoznati kada se pojavi. Cilj je ovog rada bio ispitati seropozitivnost na Chlamydia psittaci u tri populacije papiga koje pripadaju trima zoološkim parkovima u Portugalu. U ovoj studiji rabljeno je 112 uzoraka krvi papiga iz reda Psitaciformes (31 različita vrsta iz 14 različitih rodova); uzorci su podvrgnuti komercijalnom ELISA testu (Immunocomb®, Biogal). Serološko ispitivanje uzoraka papiga uporabom ELISA testa pokazalo je da ih je 54 (48,2 %; 95 % interval pouzdanosti, CI: 39,0 %-57,4 %) bilo pozitivno. Rod Ara pokazao je značajno veću seropozitivnost od ostalih rodova (P

Birds are potential carriers of pathogens affecting humans and agriculture. Aiming to evaluate the occurrence of the top three most important foodborne pathogens in free-living birds in Portugal, we investigated 108 individual fecal samples from free-living birds and one pooled sample of gull feces (

This study was focused to gather the data available concerning the mortality of 440 wild animals admitted in the Wildlife Rehabilitation Centre in Parque Biológico de Gaia from 2008-2017. Only the species with unfavorable conservation status according to the Portuguese Red Book of Vertebrates were included. The animals belonged to the classes Mammalia (5.68%), Aves (86.14%), Reptilia (7.95%), and Amphibia (0.22%), 19 different orders. Overall, the most common cause of death was trauma (72%), mainly due to an unknown origin (75.5%) and shooting (2.5%). The nontraumatic causes were mainly of unknown origin (n= 18.4%) and due to nutritional problems (4.7%). Amongst the identified pressures, the proximity to a high density of small and medium companies was the most significant. There were high coefficients of redetermination (R2>0.8) which relates pressures with endangered animals’ mortality. It is, therefore, possible to conclude that according to our results human activity has an important impact on the mortality of these species.

Human-wildlife coexistence may increase the potential risk of direct transmission of emergent or re-emergent zoonotic pathogens to humans. Intending to assess the occurrence of three important foodborne pathogens in wild animals of two wildlife conservation centers in Portugal, we investigated 132 fecal samples for the presence of

The data from 78 native species of reptiles and amphibians admitted to the Wildlife Rehabilitation Center of Parque Biológico de Gaia (Portugal) from 2009 to 2017 were revised to determine the main causes of morbidity and mortality. These data include four different orders: order Squamata (51.3%), order Testudinata (12.8%), order Anura (12.8%), and order Caudata (2.6%). 92.3% of the considered admittances were adults arriving during spring (41%) and autumn (29.5%). The main causes of admission to Rehabilitation Center were animals debilitated (12.8%) and injured (66.7%). Trauma was the major cause of mortality (78.2%). Unknown origin was the main cause of traumatic (71.8%) and non-traumatic (9.0%) death, followed by captivity related lesions (6.4%). These animals are excellent bioindicators of the health of the ecosystem and enable the identification of the main threats affecting them, especially those of anthropogenic origin. Studies of mortality on wild reptiles and amphibians are important to understand which the main threats and how human activity is affecting these populations.

Background and Aim: Wild mammals are among the most threatened species of the world in large part due to human activity. In this work, we used the method of partial least squares-path modeling associated with a geographic information system to analyze the impact of anthropogenic pressures on the mortality of wild mammals. Materials and Methods: We collected the data related to the cause of death of native wild mammals admitted to the Wildlife Rehabilitation Centre of Parque Biológico de Gaia in Northern Portugal, during 10 years (2008-2017). Results: A total of 359 animals from 42 municipalities (rural and urban areas) were included in the study. The main cause of death was of traumatic origin. From the anthropogenic pressures included in the study, water reservoirs, small companies, and residential buildings were the ones that contributed the most to increase the mortality of traumatic and nontraumatic origin. This relation of cause-effect (mortality-anthropogenic pressures) was supported by the high coefficients of determination obtained (R2>0.8). Conclusion: The present results allow a general view on the reality of mammal's mortality in Northern Portugal. Furthermore, it could also constitute a valuable tool for the conservation of wild mammals in those areas.

The Bosca’s newt (Lissotriton boscai) is a small species of newt from the family Salamandridae, endemic in the western part of the Iberian Peninsula. Reproductive disorders in amphibians are not common and are poorly described. The newt, an adult female, originated from the Espiríto Santo creek in Miramar (Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal), was admitted to the Wildlife Rehabilitation Centre of the Biologic Park of Gaia in November 2017, with a dilatation on the left side, and difficulties in swimming and diving. Radiologic exam revealed an oval hypoechoic structure on the left side of the celomic cavity that compresses internal organs and causes spine deviation. In post mortem exam, the cranial portion of the left ovary presented an oval structure with 112 × 53 mm, of a translucid whitish-pink coloration containing a serous-like fluid. At histopathologic examination an ovarian luteinized cyst was diagnosed. It is the first time this type of lesion has been described in amphibians. In this animals, female’s reproductive problems are quite rare, with only a few cases reported, mostly in captivity animals. This report is important to improve the knowledge on reproductive pathology in amphibians, especially in the Bosca’s newt and evidence the importance of the post mortem exam in captive and wild amphibians.

Owls are nocturnal predators that inhabit urbanized and farmlands. They are in direct contact with other animals, both livestock and small wild rodents that they mostly feed on. Staphylococci can be both commensal and pathogenic bacteria that are widespread across the various ecological niches. We aimed to isolate staphylococci from owls and to characterize their antimicrobial resistance, virulence factors and genetic lineages. Swab samples were collected from the throat and cloaca of 114 owls admitted to two rehabilitation centers in Portugal. The identification of staphylococci species was performed by MALDI-TOF. Staphylococci antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes were investigated by means of the disk diffusion method and PCR.

Capsule: A ten-year study of the causes of mortality in birds brought to a wildlife rehabilitation centre in Portugal, reveals that most deaths were due to trauma. Aims: This study aims to identify the main causes of morbidity and mortality in wild birds admitted to a wildlife rehabilitation centre in Northern Portugal, from 2008 to 2017. Methods: A total of 6058 records of admittance and necropsy were examined. Results: In the 24 orders present in the study, the most commonly reported were the Charadriiformes (34.1%) and Passeriformes (28.7%). The majority were adult individuals (80%) and most admissions were in the summer (43.1%). The main causes of admission were birds being injured (57%) and orphaned (18.3%). Trauma was also the most important cause of death (57%), followed by predation (1.6%) and collision with buildings (1.6%). The non-traumatic causes of death (2606, 43%) were mainly of unknown origin (22.2%) and infectious diseases (10%). Conclusion: The data analysed in our study allowed us to conclude that the main causes of morbidity and mortality of the birds admitted was due to trauma. This kind of study can provide useful information on population and ecosystem health to inform conservation practices.

A severely debilitated, free-living adult female European hedgehog (

International audience; Due to their high trophic level, raptor species may serve as important indicators of environmental contamination by heavy metals. This study was conducted to determine if the habitat of the black kite (Milvus migrans) is contaminated by heavy metals and arsenic and to assess the degree and type of exposure that may be present. For this purpose, this study was conducted on a group of captive birds (n = 12) and on a group of free-living birds admitted to two wildlife rehabilitation centers (n = 31). Blood samples were taken for analysis of arsenic (As), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) concentrations by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Captive birds had the lowest blood concentrations for all toxic elements examined, but significant differences from the concentrations found in free-living birds were only observed for Hg and Pb (p

In this study we aim to obtain a holistic view over the consequences of human-induced threats to the wild bird populations in the study area, based on data collected from a Wildlife Rehabilitation Centre (WRC) through the method of Partial Least Squares-Path Modelling (PLS-PM). The study area comprised 76 rural and urban municipalities located in northern Portugal. Within PLS-PM the threats (“anthropogenic pressures”) are termed exogenous latent variables, while the final environmental consequence (wild bird mortality) is termed endogenous latent variable. Latent variables are concepts assessed by numerical parameters. The PLS-PM results identified as most significant pressures, the number of small and medium companies in the municipalities, both in traumatic and non-traumatic deaths. Although the pattern of weights is similar regardless of the general cause of death, traumatic causes seem to play a more prominent role given the larger weights in the relevant specific causes (number of companies). The high coefficients of determination (R2 > 0,8) reveal that the variance of wild bird mortality is largely explained by the variance of the pressures, which indicates a cause-effect relationship between the independent (pressures) and dependent (mortality) variables. The ample coverage of northern Portugal with a huge dataset suggests that this cause-effect relationship is typical from this region. The use of a sophisticated statistical method PLS-PM and its incorporation into a Geographic Information System (GIS) revealed to be an important tool for analysing wildlife impacts of environmental and human factors. The results obtained with this model indicate that there is a substantial negative impact of human activity on wild bird mortality.

O escritor angolano Ondjaki e um dos principais autores contemporâneos da Literatura Africana de lingua portuguesa. Entre suas diversas obras, esta o livro infantil Ynari: a menina das cinco trancas que retrata a jornada da menina Ynari junto com seu amigo, o homem pequenino, em busca de compreender os sentidos de algumas palavras. O objetivo desse artigo e, atraves de uma pesquisa bibliografica e qualitativa, analisar como a crianca e a infância sao representadas em Ynari: a menina das cinco trancas.

A severely debilitated, free-living adult female European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) was presented for rehabilitation. It died overnight, and postmortem examination revealed a closed pyometra. Histopathology confirmed metritis with endometrial hyperplasia, and Staphylococcus lentus was isolated from the purulent uterine material. Staphylococcus lentus has not been previously reported to cause infections in European hedgehogs.

The accumulation of heavy metals in the environment may have a wide range of health effects on animals and humans. Thus, in this study, the concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) in the blood and tissues (liver and kidney) of Portuguese common buzzards (Buteo buteo) were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) in order to monitor environmental pollution to these elements. In general, Hg and As were the elements which appeared in the highest and lowest concentrations, respectively. A highest percentage of non-detected concentration was found for blood Cd (94.6 %) but, in turn, it was the only metal that was detected in all kidney samples. The kidney was the analyzed sample which showed the highest concentrations of each element evaluated. Statistically, significant differences among blood, liver, and kidney samples were observed for As and Cd (P

O presente estudo apresenta algumas considerações acerca da poesia infantil modernista no Brasil, ressaltando o contexto estético desse período e as características da linguagem literária. Para tanto, destaca-se a contribuição para este gênero de um dos maiores poetas e compositores da música popular brasileira, Vinícius de Moraes, bem como de sua única obra infantil, A arca de Noé, publicada na década de 70. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a poeticidade dos textos literários presentes nessa antologia. Para isso, quatro poemas que compõem esse livro foram escolhidos para serem analisados: A arca de Noé, O girassol, O pato e Os bichinhos e o homem. A escolha por analisar esses poemas aconteceu devido a sua temática e a sua estrutura. O trabalho está fundamentado em pesquisa bibliográfica, embasado em um profícuo diálogo entre os postulados da teoria e da crítica literária, como de Arroyo (2011), Coelho (2006), Lajolo (2002), Zilberman (2009), dentre outros.

Birds are potential carriers of pathogens affecting humans and agriculture. Aiming to evaluate the occurrence of the top three most important foodborne pathogens in free-living birds in Portugal, we investigated 108 individual fecal samples from free-living birds and one pooled sample of gull feces (n = 50) for the presence of Escherichia coli (pathogenic and non-pathogenic), Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. Virulence- and antimicrobial resistance- (AMR) associated genes were detected by PCR and Whole-Genome Sequencing (WGS), and phenotypic (serotyping and AMR profiles) characterization was performed. Overall, 8.9% of samples tested positive for pathogenic E. coli, 2.8% for Salmonella spp., and 9.9% for Campylobacter spp. AMR was performed on all pathogenic isolates and in a fraction of non-pathogenic E. coli, being detected in 25.9% of them. Ten of the tested E. coli isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR), and seven of them were Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers. Among Salmonella (n = 3) and Campylobacter (n = 9), only one strain of C. jejuni was identified as MDR. Most of the identified serotypes/sequence types had already been found to be associated with human disease. These results show that free-living birds in Portugal may act as carriers of foodborne pathogens linked to human disease, some of them resistant to critically important antimicrobials. This work was supported by funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement No 773830: One Health European Joint Program, as part of the DiSCoVeR project (Discovering the sources of Salmonella, Campylobacter, VTEC and Antimicrobial Resistance). R.C. was the beneficiary of a fellowship from the same Programme on behalf of FedAMR project. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion