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3. Patterns and universals of adult romantic attachment across 62 cultural regions: are models of self and of other pancultural constructs?

Author

Schmitt, David P., Alcalay, Lidia, Allensworth, Melissa, Allik, Juri, Ault, Lara, Austers, Ivars, Bennett, Kevin L., Bianchi, Gabriel, Boholst, Fredrick, Cunen, Mary Ann Borg, Braeckman, Johan, Brainerd, Edwin G., Jr., Caral, Leo Gerard A., Caron, Gabrielle, Casullo, Maria Martina, Cunningham, Michael, Daibo, Ikuo, De Backer, Charlotte, De Souza, Eros, Diaz-Loving, Rolando, Diniz, Glaucia, Durkin, Kevin, Echegaray, Marcela, Eremsoy, Ekin, Euler, Harald A., Falzon, Ruth, Fisher, Maryanne L., Foley, Dolores, Fowler, Robert, Fry, Douglas P., Fry, Sirpa, Ghayur, M. Arif, Giri, Vijai N., Golden, Debra L., Grammer, Karl, Grimaldi, Liria, Halberstadt, Jamin, Haque, Shamsul, Herrera, Dora, Hertel, Janine, Hitchell, Amanda, Hoffmann, Heather, Hooper, Danica, Hradilekova, Zuzana, Hudek-Kene-Evi, Jasna, Huffcutt, Allen, Jaafar, Jas, Jankauskaite, Margarita, Kabangu-Stahel, Heidi, Kardum, Igor, Khoury, Brigitte, Kwon, Hayrran, Laidra, Kaia, Laireiter, Anton-Rupert, Lakerveld, Dustin, Lampert, Ada, Lauri, Maryanne, Lavallee, Marguerite, Lee, Suk-Jae, Leung, Luk Chung, Locke, Kenneth D., Locke, Vance, Luksik, Ivan, Magaisa, Ishmael, Marcinkeviciene, Dalia, Mata, Andre, Mata, Rui, McCarthy, Barry, Mills, Michael E., Mkhize, Nhlanhla J., Moreira, Joao, Moreira, Sergio, Moya, Miguel, Munyae, M., Noller, Patricia, Olimat, Hmoud, Opre, Adrian, Panayiotou, Alexia, Petrovic, Nebojsa, Poels, Karolien, Popper, Miroslav, Poulimenou, Maria, P'Yatokha, Volodymyr, Raymond, Michel, Reips, Ulf-Dietrich, Reneau, Susan E., Rivera-Aragon, Sofia, Rowatt, Wade C., Ruch, Willibald, Rus, Velko S., Safir, Marilyn P., Salas, Sonia, Sambataro, Fabio, Sandnabba, Kenneth N., Schleeter, Rachel, Schulmeyer, Marion K., Schutz, Astrid, Scrimali, Tullio, Shackelford, Todd K., Sharan, Mithila B., Shaver, Phillip R., Sichona, Francis, Simonetti, Franco, Sineshaw, Tilahun, Sookdew, R., Speelman, Tom, Spyrou, Spyros, Sumer, H. Canan, Sumer, Nebi, Supekova, Marianna, Szlendak, Tomasz, Taylor, Robin, Timmermans, Bert, Tooke, William, Tsaousis, Ioannis, Tungaraza, F.S.K., Turner, Ashley, Vandermassen, Griet, Vanhoomissen, Tim, Van Overwalle, Frank, Vanwesenbeeck, Ine, Vasey, Paul L., Verissimo, Joao, Voracek, Martin, Wan, Wendy W.N., Wang, Ta-Wei, Weiss, Peter Ulrich, Wijaya, Andik, Woertman, Liesbeth, Youn, Gahyun, and Zupaneie, Agata

Subjects
Sex -- Research, Sex -- Psychological aspects, Sex -- Social aspects, Ethnopsychology -- Research, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

As part of the International Sexuality Description Project, a total of 17,804 participants from 62 cultural regions completed the Relationship Questionnaire (RQ), a self-report measure of adult romantic attachment. Correlational analyses within each culture suggested that the Model of Self and the Model of Other scales of the RQ were psychometrically valid within most cultures. Contrary to expectations, the Model of Self and Model of Other dimensions of the RQ did not underlie the four-category model of attachment in the same way across all cultures. Analyses of specific attachment styles revealed that secure romantic attachment was normative in 79% of cultures and that preoccupied romantic attachment was particularly prevalent in East Asian cultures. Finally, the romantic attachment profiles of individual nations were correlated with sociocultural indicators in ways that supported evolutionary theories of romantic attachment and basic human mating strategies. Keywords: romantic attachment; culture; internal working models; human mating strategies

Published
2004

4. A recurrent connectionist model of group biases

Author

Van Rooy, Dirk, Van Overwalle, Frank, Vanhoomissen, Tim, Labiouse, Christophe, and French, Robert

Subjects
Psychological research -- Analysis, Prejudices -- Social aspects, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

Major biases and stereotypes in group judgments are reviewed and modeled from a recurrent connectionist perspective. These biases are in the areas of group impression formation (illusory correlation), group differentiation (accentuation), stereotype change (dispersed vs. concentrated distribution of inconsistent information), and group homogeneity. All these phenomena are illustrated with well-known experiments, and simulated with an autoassociative network architecture with linear activation update and delta learning algorithm for adjusting the connection weights. All the biases were successfully reproduced in the simulations. The discussion centers on how the particular simulation specifications compare with other models of group biases and how they may be used to develop novel hypotheses for testing the connectionist modeling approach and, more generally, for improving theorizing in the field of social biases and stereotype change.

Published
2003

5. Are men universally more dismissing than women? Gender differences in romantic attachment across 62 cultural regions

Author

SCHMITT, DAVID P., ALCALAY, LIDIA, ALLENSWORTH, MELISSA, ALLIK, JÜRI, AULT, LARA, AUSTERS, IVARS, BENNETT, KEVIN L., BIANCHI, GABRIEL, BOHOLST, FREDRICK, CUNEN, MARY ANN BORG, BRAECKMAN, JOHAN, BRAINERD, EDWIN G., JR., CARAL, LEO GERARD A., CARON, GABRIELLE, CASULLO, MARIA MARTINA, CUNNINGHAM, MICHAEL, DAIBO, IKUO, DE BACKER, CHARLOTTE, DE SOUZA, EROS, DIAZ-LOVING, ROLANDO, DINIZ, GLÁUCIA, DURKIN, KEVIN, ECHEGARAY, MARCELA, EREMSOY, EKIN, EULER, HARALD A., FALZON, RUTH, FISHER, MARYANNE L., FOLEY, DOLORES, FOWLER, ROBERT, FRY, DOUGLAS P., FRY, SIRPA, GHAYUR, M. ARIF, GIRI, VIJAI N., GOLDEN, DEBRA L., GRAMMER, KARL, GRIMALDI, LIRIA, HALBERSTADT, JAMIN, HAQUE, SHAMSUL, HERRERA, DORA, HERTEL, JANINE, HITCHELL, AMANDA, HOFFMANN, HEATHER, HOOPER, DANICA, HRADILEKOVA, ZUZANA, HUDEK-KENE-EVI, JASNA, HUFFCUTT, ALLEN, JAAFAR, JAS, JANKAUSKAITE, MARGARITA, KABANGU-STAHEL, HEIDI, KARDUM, IGOR, KHOURY, BRIGITTE, KWON, HAYRRAN, LAIDRA, KAIA, LAIREITER, ANTON-RUPERT, LAKERVELD, DUSTIN, LAMPERT, ADA, LAURI, MARYANNE, LAVALLÉE, MARGEURITE, LEE, SUK-JAE, LEUNG, LUK CHUNG, LOCKE, KENNETH D., LOCKE, VANCE, LUKSIK, IVAN, MAGAISA, ISHMAEL, MARCINKEVICIENE, DALIA, MATA, ANDRÉ, MATA, RUI, MCCARTHY, BARRY, MILLS, MICHAEL E., MKHIZE, NHLANHLA J., MOREIRA, JOÃO, MOREIRA, SÉRGIO, MOYA, MIGUEL, MUNYAE, M., NOLLER, PATRICIA, OLIMAT, HMOUD, OPRE, ADRIAN, PANAYIOTOU, ALEXIA, PETROVIC, NEBOJSA, POELS, KAROLIEN, POPPER, MIROSLAV, POULIMENOU, MARIA, PʼYATOKHA, VOLODYMYR, RAYMOND, MICHEL, REIPS, ULF-DIETRICH, RENEAU, SUSAN E., RIVERA-ARAGON, SOFIA, ROWATT, WADE C., RUCH, WILLIBALD, RUS, VELKO S., SAFIR, MARILYN P., SALAS, SONIA, SAMBATARO, FABIO, SANDNABBA, KENNETH N., SCHLEETER, RACHEL, SCHULMEYER, MARION K., SCHÜTZ, ASTRID, SCRIMALI, TULLIO, SHACKELFORD, TODD K., SHARAN, MITHILA B., SHAVER, PHILLIP R., SICHONA, FRANCIS, SIMONETTI, FRANCO, SINESHAW, TILAHUN, SOOKDEW, R., SPEELMAN, TOM, SPYROU, SPYROS, SÜMER, H. CANAN, SÜMER, NEBI, SUPEKOVA, MARIANNA, SZLENDAK, TOMASZ, TAYLOR, ROBIN, TIMMERMANS, BERT, TOOKE, WILLIAM, TSAOUSIS, IOANNIS, TUNGARAZA, F. S. K., TURNER, ASHLEY, VANDERMASSEN, GRIET, VANHOOMISSEN, TIM, OVERWALLE, FRANK VAN, VANWESENBEECK, INE, VASEY, PAUL L., VERISSIMO, JOÃO, VORACEK, MARTIN, WAN, WENDY W. N., WANG, TA-WEI, WEISS, PETER, WIJAYA, ANDIK, WOERTMAN, LIESBETH, YOUN, GAHYUN, and ZUPANÉIÉ, AGATA

Published
2003

8. The geographic distribution of Big Five personality traits: Profiles of human self-description across 56 nations

Author

Schmitt, D.p., Timmermans, Bert, Van Overwalle, Frank, Vanhoomissen, Tim, Personality and Social Psychology, and Experimental and Applied Psychology

Subjects
personality, cross-cultural psychology
Abstract

The Big Five Inventory (BFI) is a self-report measure designed to assess the high-order personality traits of Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness. As part of the International Sexuality Description Project, the BFI was translated from English into 28 languages and administered to 17,837 individuals from 56 nations. The resulting cross-cultural data set was used to address three main questions: Does the factor structure of the English BFI fully replicate across cultures? How valid are the BFI trait profiles of individual nations? And how are personality traits distributed throughout the world? The five-dimensional structure was robust across major regions of the world. Trait levels were related in predictable ways to self-esteem, sociosexuality, and national personality profiles. People from the geographic regions of South America and East Asia were significantly different in openness from those inhabiting other world regions. The discussion focuses on limitations of the current data set and important directions for future research.

Published
2007

12. Psychology and Sleep Research in Belgium

Author

Verstraeten, Edwin, Van Overwalle, Frank, Vanhoomissen, Tim, Cluydts, Raymond, Timmermans, Bert, Cognitive and Physiological Psychology, and Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Published
2003

14. Psychologische vragen die leven bij basisschoolleerlingen tussen tien en twaalf jaar.

Author

Kinder, Gert, Vaerenbergh, Griet, and Vanhoomissen, Tim

Abstract

Copyright of Kind en Adolescent is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2009
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15. Patterns and universals of mate poaching across 53 nations: the effects of sex, culture, and personality on romantically attracting another person's partner.

Author

Schmitt DP, Alcalay L, Allik J, Angleitner A, Ault L, Austers I, Bennett KL, Bianchi G, Boholst F, Borg Cunen MA, Braeckman J, Brainerd EG 2nd, Caral LG, Caron G, Casullo MM, Cunningham M, Daibo I, De Backer C, De Souza E, Diaz-Loving R, Diniz G, Durkin K, Echegaray M, Eremsoy E, Euler HA, Falzon R, Fisher ML, Foley D, Fry DP, Fry S, Ghayur MA, Golden DL, Grammer K, Grimaldi L, Halberstadt J, Haque S, Herrera D, Hertel J, Hoffmann H, Hooper D, Hradilekova Z, Hudek-Kene-evi J, Jaafar J, Jankauskaite M, Kabangu-Stahel H, Kardum I, Khoury B, Kwon H, Laidra K, Laireiter AR, Lakerveld D, Lampert A, Lauri M, Lavallée M, Lee SJ, Leung LC, Locke KD, Locke V, Luksik I, Magaisa I, Marcinkeviciene D, Mata A, Mata R, McCarthy B, Mills ME, Mkhize NJ, Moreira J, Moreira S, Moya M, Munyae M, Noller P, Opre A, Panayiotou A, Petrovic N, Poels K, Popper M, Poulimenou M, P'yatokha V, Raymond M, Reips UD, Reneau SE, Rivera-Aragon S, Rowatt WC, Ruch W, Rus VS, Safir MP, Salas S, Sambataro F, Sandnabba KN, Schulmeyer MK, Schütz A, Scrimali T, Shackelford TK, Shaver PR, Sichona F, Simonetti F, Sineshaw T, Sookdew R, Speelman T, Spyrou S, Sümer HC, Sümer N, Supekova M, Szlendak T, Timmermans B, Tooke W, Tsaousis I, Tungaraza FS, van Overwalle F, Vandermassen G, Vanhoomissen T, Vanwesenbeeck I, Vasey PL, Verissimo J, Voracek M, Wan WW, Wang TW, Weiss P, Wijaya A, Woertman L, Youn G, and Zupanèiè A

Subjects
Adult, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Female, Humans, Male, Culture, Interpersonal Relations, Love, Personality, Sexual Behavior psychology
Abstract

As part of the International Sexuality Description Project, 16,954 participants from 53 nations were administered an anonymous survey about experiences with romantic attraction. Mate poaching--romantically attracting someone who is already in a relationship--was most common in Southern Europe, South America, Western Europe, and Eastern Europe and was relatively infrequent in Africa, South/Southeast Asia, and East Asia. Evolutionary and social-role hypotheses received empirical support. Men were more likely than women to report having made and succumbed to short-term poaching across all regions, but differences between men and women were often smaller in more gender-egalitarian regions. People who try to steal another's mate possess similar personality traits across all regions, as do those who frequently receive and succumb to the poaching attempts by others. The authors conclude that human mate-poaching experiences are universally linked to sex, culture, and the robust influence of personal dispositions.

Published
2004
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