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5. Penicilliosis

Author

Nelson, Kenrad E., Supparatpinyo, Khuanchai, Vanittanakom, Nongnuch, Kauffman, Carol A., editor, Pappas, Peter G., editor, Sobel, Jack D., editor, and Dismukes, William E., editor

Published
2011
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9. Exserohilum rostratum Keratitis in a Patient with Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Author

Chaidaroon, Winai, Phaocharoen, Nutt, Srisomboon, Titipol, and Vanittanakom, Nongnuch

Subjects
genetic structures, lcsh:Ophthalmology, Human immunodeficiency virus, lcsh:RE1-994, Dematiaceous fungus, Keratomycosis, Case Report, sense organs, eye diseases, Exserohilum rostratum
Abstract

Purpose: To report a case of fungal keratitis infected by Exserohilum rostratumin a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patient. Method: A retrospective study of the HIV patient with keratomycosis caused by E. rostratumwas reviewed for history, clinical characteristics, risk factors, laboratory findings, treatments, and outcomes. Results: A 48-year-old man with HIV infection presented with a history of trauma with an unknown species of insect in the right eye. He also had redness and blurred vision in the right eye. Biomicroscopic examination showed white infiltrate in the right cornea. A feathery edge, satellite lesion, and brownish pigmented deposits in the epithelial surface and anterior stroma were noted. Corneal scraping specimen showed numerous large dematiaceous septate hyphae and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) identified E. rostratum.Treatment was started with 5% natamycin eyedrops and oral itraconazole. The corneal lesion responded well to medication and debridement. Conclusions: Corneal phaeohyphomycosis caused by Exserohilumwas noted in an immunocompromised patient with ocular trauma. A brown pigmented lesion in an otherwise white infiltrate due to Exserohilumwas diagnosed with corneal scrapings and polymerase chain reaction. Antifungal medications and debridement were the mainstay of corneal fungal infection treatment.

Published
2019

12. Penicilliosis

Author

Nelson, Kenrad E., primary, Supparatpinyo, Khuanchai, additional, and Vanittanakom, Nongnuch, additional

Published
2010
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29. An investigation into the possible regulation of the expression of genes by yapA in Talaromyces marneffei using the qRT- PCR method.

Author

Dankai, Wiyada, Pongpom, Monsicha, and Vanittanakom, Nongnuch

Abstract

The pathogenic dimorphic fungus Talaromyces marneffei is known to cause a fatal systemic mycosis in immunocompromised patients, especially in HIV patients in Southeast Asia. The basic leucine-zipper (bZip) transcription factor gene, yapA , has been identified in T. marneffei. A prior study described that yapA was involved in the oxidative and nitrosative stress response in T. marneffei. Interestingly, an essential role of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Yap1p in the oxidative stress response is the activation of the transcription of its target genes. To identify the target genes of yapA in T. marneffei , the qRT-PCR method were used in this study. Investigation into the expression of genes which are probably regulated by yapA revealed that yapA controlled the expression of cat1 (catalase), cpeA (catalase-peroxidase), sodA (copper, zinc superoxide dismutase), gcs1 (glutamate-cysteine ligase), glr1 (glutathione oxidoreductase), trr1/trr2 (thioredoxin reductase), and trxA (thioredoxin) during stress conditions in all forms of conidium, mycelium, and yeast phase. An exception to this was the expression of cat1 under conditions of oxidative stress in the mould phase with a similar relative expression level in all of the wild-type, mutant and complemented strains. These genes are involved in response against oxidative stress and nitrosative stress in this fungus. The data showed that they could be regulated by the yapA gene during stress conditions. Moreover, the yapA gene is also known to control red pigment production by inhibiting the regulation of the five polyketide synthase (pks) genes, pks3 (polyketide synthase), rp1 (transcription activator), rp2 (β-subunit fatty acid synthase), rp3 (α-subunit fatty acid synthase), and rp4 (oxidoreductase) in the mould phase. In addition, it also regulates transcription in the laccase gene cluster including lac (extracellular dihydrogeodin oxidase/laccase), and multicopper oxidase encoding genes (PMAA_050860, PMAA_072680, PMAA_085520, PMAA_082010, and PMAA_082060) in all stages of the T. marneffei lifecycle (conidia, mould, and yeast phase). This study suggests the importance of the role of the yapA gene in the stress response and virulence of T. marneffei. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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30. Vascular Pythiosis of the Lower Extremity in Northern Thailand

Author

Reanpang, Termpong, primary, Orrapin, Saritphat, additional, Orrapin, Saranat, additional, Arworn, Supapong, additional, Kattipatanapong, Thanate, additional, Srisuwan, Tanop, additional, Vanittanakom, Nongnuch, additional, Lekawanvijit, Suree P., additional, and Rerkasem, Kittipan, additional

Published
2015
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34. Role of the Talaromyces marneffei (Penicillium marneffei) sakA gene in nitrosative stress response, conidiation and red pigment production.

Author

Nimmanee, Panjaphorn, Tam, EmilyW. T., Woo, Patrick C. Y., Vanittanakom, Pramote, and Vanittanakom, Nongnuch

Subjects
TALAROMYCES, PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of heat, GENE expression
Abstract

Stress-activated MAPK pathways are systems used to regulate the stress adaptation of most fungi. It has been shown that in Talaromyces marneffei (Penicillium marneffei), a pathogenic dimorphic fungus, the sakA gene is involved, not only in tolerance against oxidative and heat stresses, but also in playing a role in asexual development, yeast cell generation in vitro and survival inside macrophage cell lines. In this study, the role of the T. marneffei sakA gene on the nitrosative stress response and the regulation of gene expression were investigated. The susceptibility of the sakA mutant to NaNO2 was investigated using drop dilution assay and the expression of genes of interest were determined by RT-PCR, comparing them to the wild-type and complemented strains. The results demonstrated that the T. marneffei sakA gene played a role in the stress response to NaNO2, the expression of genes functioning in conidial development (brlA, abaA and wetA) and red pigment biosynthesis (pks3, rp1, rp2 and rp3). These findings suggest that T. marneffei sakA is broadly involved in a wide variety of cell activities, including stress response, cell morphogenesis, asexual development and pigmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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39. Talaromyces marneffei laccase modifies THP-1 macrophage responses.

Author

Sapmak, Ariya, Kaewmalakul, Jutikul, Nosanchuk, Joshua D., Vanittanakom, Nongnuch, Andrianopoulos, Alex, Pruksaphon, Kritsada, and Youngchim, Sirida

Subjects
TALAROMYCES, MACROPHAGES, MICROBIAL virulence, LACCASE, SODIUM dodecyl sulfate
Abstract

Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffeiis an emerging opportunistic pathogen associated with HIV infection, particularly in Southeast Asia and southern China. The rapid uptake and killing ofT. marneffeiconidia by phagocytic cells along with the effective induction of an inflammatory response by the host is essential for disease control.T. marneffeiproduces a number of different laccases linked to fungal virulence. To understand the role of the various laccases inT. marneffei, laccase-encoding genes were investigated. Targeted single, double and triple gene deletions of laccases encodinglacA, lacB, andlacCshowed no significant phenotypic effects suggesting redundancy of function. When a fourth laccase-encoding gene,pbrB, was deleted in the ΔlacAΔlacBΔlacCbackground, the quadruple mutant displayed delayed conidiation and the conidia were more sensitive to H2O2, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and antifungal agents than wild-type and other transformants. Conidia of the quadruple mutant showed marked differences in their interaction with the human monocyte cell line, THP-1 such that phagocytosis was significantly higher when compared with the wild-type at one and 2 hours of incubation while the phagocytic index was significantly different from 15 to 120 minutes. In addition, killing of the quadruple mutant by THP-1 cells was more efficient at 2 and 4 hours of incubation. The levels of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 from THP-1 cells infected with the quadruple mutant were also significantly increased in comparison with wild-type. The results demonstrate that production of laccases byT. marneffeiactually promotes the pathogen's resistance to innate host defenses. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2016
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40. Clonality Despite Sex: The Evolution of Host-Associated Sexual Neighborhoods in the Pathogenic Fungus Penicillium marneffei

Author

Henk, Daniel A., primary, Shahar-Golan, Revital, additional, Devi, Khuraijam Ranjana, additional, Boyce, Kylie J., additional, Zhan, Nengyong, additional, Fedorova, Natalie D., additional, Nierman, William C., additional, Hsueh, Po-Ren, additional, Yuen, Kwok-Yung, additional, Sieu, Tran P. M., additional, Kinh, Nguyen Van, additional, Wertheim, Heiman, additional, Baker, Stephen G., additional, Day, Jeremy N., additional, Vanittanakom, Nongnuch, additional, Bignell, Elaine M., additional, Andrianopoulos, Alex, additional, and Fisher, Matthew C., additional

Published
2012
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42. Phylogenetic analysis ofPythium insidiosumThai strains using cytochrome oxidase II (COXII) DNA coding sequences and internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS)

Author

Kammarnjesadakul, Patcharee, primary, Palaga, Tanapat, additional, Sritunyalucksana, Kallaya, additional, Mendoza, Leonel, additional, Krajaejun, Theerapong, additional, Vanittanakom, Nongnuch, additional, Tongchusak, Songsak, additional, Denduangboripant, Jessada, additional, and Chindamporn, Ariya, additional

Published
2011
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