Search

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the structural transformation of the labor market on the example of the Russian economy and the formation of possible scenarios for the development of the labor market in the conditions of the displacement of a number of professions. The paper examines the phenomenon of polarization and reveals the features of the current stage of the structural transformation of the Russian labor market. Целью данного исследования является демонстрация структурной трансформации рынка труда на примере российской экономики и формирование возможных сценариев развития рынка труда в условиях вытеснения ряда профессий. В работе исследуется феномен поляризации и раскрываются особенности современного этапа структурной трансформации российского рынка труда.

Важной задачей кадровой политики является развитие принципов стратегического управления человеческим капиталом, которые необходимы в период цифровой трансформации предприятий. Среди таких принципов важную роль играет интеграция всех сотрудников в единой цифровой среде с помощью мобильных или иных приложений, которые обеспечивают взаимосвязь, своевременную коммуникацию, трансляцию единых ценностей и культурной «идеологии», формируют возможности для развития персонала, а также поддерживают должный уровень кибербезопасности для сохранения персональных данных и коммерчески важной информации. Целью данной статьи является разработка принципов кадрового планирования при модернизации цифровой инфраструктуры на промышленном производстве. По результатам исследования показано, что цифровые технологии позволяют интегрировать усилия отдельных подразделений компании, а также осуществлять централизованный мониторинг усилий всех компаний группы, которые рассредоточены по центрам ответственности, и формировать отчеты об эффективности основных и вспомогательных бизнес-процессов в режиме реального времени. An important task of personnel policy is the development of the principles of strategic management of human capital, which are necessary during the period of digital transformation of enterprises. Among these principles, an important role is played by the integration of all employees in a single digital environment using mobile or other applications that provide interconnection, timely communication, broadcast common values and cultural “ideology”, create opportunities for staff development, and also maintain an adequate level of cybersecurity to maintain personal data and commercially sensitive information. The purpose of this article is to develop the principles of personnel planning for the modernization of digital infrastructure in industrial production. According to the results of the study, it is shown that digital technologies make it possible to integrate the efforts of individual divisions of the company, as well as to centrally monitor the efforts of all companies of the group, which are dispersed by responsibility centers, and generate reports on the effectiveness of the main and auxiliary business processes in real time.

Целью данной статьи является рассмотрение вопросов управления человеческим капиталом в рамках цифровой трансформации промышленного предприятия. По результатам исследования показано, что этапы цифровой трансформации включают в себя совокупность планируемых мероприятий по внедрению технологических и организационных решений, которые характеризуются определенными временными рамками реализации, ограниченной ресурсной базой, а также четко определенными центрами ответственности и соответствующими им показателями результативности мероприятий. The purpose of this article is to consider the issues of human capital management in the framework of the digital transformation of an industrial enterprise. According to the results of the study, it is shown that the stages of digital transformation include a set of planned activities for the implementation of technological and organizational solutions, which are characterized by a certain time frame for implementation, a limited resource base, as well as clearly defined responsibility centers and their corresponding performance indicators.

Цифровизация представляет собой одно из актуальных направлений развития российской экономики, которое заключается в ускоренном внедрении компьютерных и информационных технологий в хозяйственные системы. Целью данной статьи является исследование влияние цифровизации в регионах России на показатели индивидуальных заработков в период с 2016 по 2020 годы. Результаты показали, что уровень цифровизации региона проживания не оказывает значимых внешних эффектов на заработные платы респондентов. Кроме того, уровень цифровизации регионов остается относительно стабильным и высоким в течение пяти последних лет. Digitalization is one of the topical trends in the development of the Russian economy, which consists in the accelerated introduction of computer and information technologies into economic systems. The purpose of this article is to study the impact of digitalization in the regions of Russia on the indicators of individual earnings in the period from 2016 to 2020. The results showed that the level of digitalization of the region of residence does not have significant external effects on the salaries of the respondents. In addition, the level of digitalization of the regions has remained relatively stable and high over the past five years.

Additional file 1.

Additional file 2.

Компьютеризация трудовых функций означает замещение рутинных интеллектуальных операций и дополнение сложных аналитических и творческих работ, которые выполняют сотрудники на ежедневной основе. В статье развивается подход к оценке вероятности компьютеризации трудовых функций на основе оценки задач по восприятию и перемещению объектов, креативных интеллектуальных способностей, а также глубины и характера социального взаимодействия. Оценка данных характеристик позволит оценить вероятность компьютеризации профессии и определить наиболее перспективные направления по размещению инвестиций в цифровые технологии, замещающие рутинный и поддерживающие творческий труд. The computerization of jobs means replacing routine intellectual operations and complementing the complex analytical and creative work that employees perform on a daily basis. The article develops an approach to assessing the likelihood of computerization of labor functions based on the assessment of tasks for the perception and movement of objects, creative intellectual abilities, as well as the depth and nature of social interaction. Evaluation of these characteristics will make it possible to assess the likelihood of computerization of the profession and determine the most promising areas for investment in digital technologies that replace routine and support creative work.

Digitalization has a significant impact on the development of industrial production technologies, since it provides the collection of information about the current state of the environment, accuracy in solving problems and stimulates technical renewal. The article shows that human capital in these conditions becomes a link between the production process and the creation of consumer value, therefore, it is necessary to consider the specifics of its development with the deepening of the introduction of digital technologies. Цифровизация оказывает существенное воздействие на развитие технологий промышленного производства, поскольку обеспечивает сбор информации о текущем состоянии среды, точность в решении задач и стимулирует техническое обновление. В статье показано, что человеческий капитал в этих условиях становится связующим звеном между производственным процессом и созданием потребительской ценности, поэтому необходимо рассмотреть специфику его развития с углублением внедрения цифровых технологий.

Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie's syndrome) is characterized by an acute obstruction of the large bowel that is unrelated to mechanical causes. The evidence that cholinesterase inhibitors are effective in relieving acute colonic pseudo-obstruction raised interest in the pharmacological management of this condition. This review analyzes the pharmacological treatment of patients with Ogilvie's syndrome. Intravenous neostigmine is the best pharmacological treatment, leading to rapid colonic decompression. New colokinetic agents, including 5-HT(4) receptor agonists and motilides, may represent other useful therapeutic options for Ogilvie's syndrome.

Objectives: Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) metabolism may be altered in gut disorders, including in the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We assessed in patients with IBS vs. healthy controls (HCs) the number of colonic 5-HT-positive cells; the amount of mucosal 5-HT release; their correlation with mast cell counts and mediator release, as well as IBS symptoms; and the effects of mucosal 5-HT on electrophysiological responses in vitro. Methods: We enrolled 25 Rome II IBS patients and 12 HCs. IBS symptom severity and frequency were graded 0-4. 5-HT-positive enterochromaffin cells and tryptase-positive mast cells were assessed with quantitative immunohistochemistry on colonic biopsies. Mucosal 5-HT and mast cell mediators were assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography or immunoenzymatic assay, respectively. The impact of mucosal 5-HT on electrophysiological activity of rat mesenteric afferent nerves was evaluated in vitro. Results: Compared with HCs, patients with IBS showed a significant increase in 5-HT-positive cell counts (0.370.16% vs. 0.560.26%; P

Intestinal inflammation is accompanied by excessive production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen radical species because of the massive infiltration of polymorphonuclear and mononuclear leukocytes. Antioxidant compounds seem to protect against experimental colitis. Here we investigated the effects of the innovative non-peptidyl, low molecular weight radical scavenger bis(1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)decandioate (IAC), which is highly reactive with most oxygen, nitrogen and carbon centred radicals and is easily distributed in cell membranes and intra-extra cellular compartments, in the DNBS model of colitis. Colitis was induced in male SD rats by intrarectal administration of DNBS (15 mg/rat). IAC (30 mg/kg b.w., hydrophilic or lipophilic form) was administered daily (orally or i.p.) starting from the day before the induction of colitis for 7 days (n=6-8 per group). Colonic damage was assessed by means of macroscopic and histological scores, myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) and TNF-alpha tissue levels. Colitis impaired body weight gain and markedly increased all inflammatory parameters. IAC significantly counteracted the reduction in body weight gain, decreased colonic damage and inflammation and TNF-alpha levels in DNBS-colitis. The antioxidant IAC significantly ameliorates experimental colitis in rats. This strengthens the notion that antioxidant compounds may have therapeutic potential in inflammatory bowel disease.

beta(3)-Adrenoceptors (beta(3)-ARs) are located not only on the plasma membrane of both white and brown adipocytes, but also exist in human heart, gall bladder, gastrointestinal tract, prostate, urinary bladder detrusor, brain and in near-term myometrium. They are now recognized as an attractive target for drug discovery and several efforts have been made in this field to understand their function and regulation in different human tissues. The aim of this review is to highlight the functional role of beta(3)-ARs as well as to discuss their potential for drug development.

The human ether-à-go-go related gene (hERG) K+ channel is of great interest for both basic researchers and clinicians because its blockade by drugs can lead to QT prolongation, which is a risk factor for torsades de pointes, a potentially life-threatening arrhythmia. A growing list of agents with "QT liability" have been withdrawn from the market or restricted in their use, whereas others did not even receive regulatory approval for this reason. Thus, hERG K+ channels have become a primary antitarget (i.e. an unwanted target) in drug development because their blockade causes potentially serious side effects. On the other hand, the recent identification and functional characterization of hERG K+ channels not only in the heart, but also in several other tissues (e.g. neurons, smooth muscle and cancer cells) may have far reaching implications for drug development for a possible exploitation of hERG as a target, especially in oncology and cardiology.

Macrolides are widely used antibacterial agents. Although generally well tolerated, they have a number of important additional pharmacological effects, which can sometimes result in significant adverse reactions. This review focuses on three of these side effects: the prokinetic action associated with stimulation of motilin receptors, the proarrhythmic effect due to prolongation of the QT interval of the electrocardiogram and the potential for drug interactions due to inhibition of drug metabolising enzymes. For macrolides that have obtained marketing authorisation in Italy, United Kingdom or United States of America, we also considered whether these actions are properly reported in the approved summaries of the product characteristics and tried to provide strategies to identify patients at risk of significant side effects when macrolides are administered.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: β(3) -Adrenoceptors participate in the regulation of vascular tone in physiological and pathological conditions. We aimed to assess the effect of pharmacological modulation of β(3) -adrenoceptors on portal pressure (PP) and systemic haemodynamics and their expression in the liver and mesenteric vessels of cirrhotic rats. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: PP, central venous pressure (CVP) and systemic haemodynamics were invasively assessed in control and CCl(4) -treated cirrhotic rats before and during infusion of the selective β(3) -adrenoceptor agonist, SR58611A. Tissue samples were also collected from liver, heart, portal vein and mesenteric artery for immunohistochemistry and molecular biology analysis. The effect of SR58611A on isolated portal vein was assessed. KEY RESULTS: At baseline, cirrhotic rats showed portal hypertension, reduced CVP and hyperdynamic circulation. SR58611A induced a significant, dose-dependent decrease in PP in cirrhotic rats, but not in controls. Although both groups manifested a dose-dependent reduction in mean arterial pressure, this effect was associated with decreased cardiac index (CI) and unchanged indicized peripheral vascular resistance (PVRI) in cirrhotic rats and increased CI and decreased PVRI in control animals. Pretreatment with the selective β(3) -adrenoceptor antagonist SR59230 prevented all SR58611A-induced changes in cirrhotic rats. SR58611A concentration-dependently relaxed portal vein in cirrhotic rats to a significantly greater extent than in healthy rats; pretreatment with SR59230A completely prevented SR58611A-induced cirrhotic portal vein relaxation. Finally, β(3) -adrenoceptors were identified in the liver, heart and portal vein of cirrhotic and control animals; their expression was increased in cirrhotic rats. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: β(3) -Adrenoceptors are altered in portal hypertension of experimental cirrhosis and may represent a novel therapeutic target.

Massimo P Di Simone,1 Fabio Baldi,2,3 Valentina Vasina,4 Fabrizio Scorrano,5 Maria Laura Bacci,5 Antonella Ferrieri,6 Gilberto Poggioli11Department of General Surgery and Transplants, 2Centre for the Study and Therapy of the Esophageal Diseases, 3GVM Care and Research, MCH Cotignola (RA), 4Department of Pharmacology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, 5Department of Veterinary Medical Science – DMSVET – University of Bologna, Bologna, 6Clinical Research Department, Alfa Wassermann Spa, Bologna, ItalyAbstract: The aim of the present study was to assess the potential barrier effect of Esoxx®, a new nonprescription medication under development for the relief of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms. Esoxx is based on a mixture of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate in a bioadhesive suspension of Lutrol® F 127 polymer (poloxamer 407) which facilitates the product adhesion on the esophageal mucosa. The mucosal damage was induced by 15 to 90 minutes of perfusion with an acidic solution (HCl, pH 1.47) with or without pepsin (2000 U/mL, acidified to pH 2; Sigma-Aldrich). Mucosal esophageal specimens were histologically evaluated and Evans blue dye solution was used to assess the permeability of the swine mucosa after the chemical injury. The results show that: (1) esophageal mucosal damage is related to the perfusion time and to the presence of pepsin, (2) mucosal damage is associated with an increased permeability, documented by an evident Evans blue staining, (3) perfusion with Esoxx is able to reduce the permeability of the injured mucosa, even after saline washing of the swine esophagus. These preliminary results support further clinical studies of Esoxx in the topical treatment of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms.Keywords: bioadhesion, hyaluronic acid, Evans blue dye, animal model, esophagus, reflux esophagitis

AIM: To investigate the effects of the free radical scavenger bis(1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)decandioate (IAC) in the dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) experimental model of ulcerative colitis. METHODS: Colitis was induced in Sprague Dawley male rats by administration of 5% DSS in drinking water. IAC (30 mg/kg, lipophilic or hydrophilic form) was administered daily (orally or ip) for 6 d until sacrifice. Colonic damage was assessed by means of indirect (Disease Activity Index score) and direct measures (macroscopic and microscopic scores) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Neutrophil infiltration within the tissue and glutathione S-transferase activity were also investigated. RESULTS: DSS-induced colitis impaired body weight gain and markedly increased all inflammatory parameters. Six-day treatment with lipophilic IAC significantly reduced intestinal damage caused by inflammation, induced a down-regulation in MPO activity (0.72 +/- 0.12 and 0.45 +/- 0.12 with lipophilic IAC po and ip, respectively, vs 1.10 +/- 0.27 in untreated DSS colitis animals) and minimized DSS-induced neutrophil infiltration, while hydrophilic IAC administered orally did not ameliorate DSS-induced damage. CONCLUSION: These results support the hypothesis that reactive oxygen metabolites contribute to inflammation and that the radical scavenger IAC has therapeutic potential in inflammatory bowel disease.

Drug-induced cardiotoxicity is emerging as an important issue among cancer survivors. For several decades, this topic was almost exclusively associated with anthracyclines, for which cumulative dose-related cardiac damage was the limiting step in their use. Although a number of efforts have been directed towards prediction of risk, so far no consensus exists on the strategies to prevent and monitor chemotherapy-related cardiotoxicity. Recently, a new dimension of the problem has emerged when drugs targeting the activity of certain tyrosine kinases or tumor receptors were recognized to carry an unwanted effect on the cardiovascular system. Moreover, the higher than expected incidence of cardiac dysfunction occurring in patients treated with a combination of old and new chemotherapeutics (e.g. anthracyclines and trastuzumab) prompted clinicians and researchers to find an effective approach to the problem. From the pharmacological standpoint, putative molecular mechanisms involved in chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity will be reviewed. From the clinical standpoint, current strategies to reduce cardiotoxicity will be critically addressed. In this perspective, the precise identification of the antitarget (i.e. the unwanted target causing heart damage) and the development of guidelines to monitor patients undergoing treatment with cardiotoxic agents appear to constitute the basis for the management of drug-induced cardiotoxicity.

Inflammation is known to be associated with changes in tachykinin expression both in human and animal models: substance P and NK 1 receptor expression are increased in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, and similar changes are reported in experimental models of inflammation. We investigated the effect of the tachykinin NK 1 receptor antagonist SR140333 (10 mg/kg orally) on 2,4-dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS)-induced colitis in rats. Colonic damage was assessed by means of macroscopic and microscopic scores, myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) and TNF-α tissue levels on day 6 after induction of colitis. An enzyme immunoassay technique was used to measure colonic substance P levels. DNBS administration impaired body weight gain and markedly increased all inflammatory parameters as well as colonic tissue levels of substance P. Treatment with SR140333 significantly counteracted the impairment in body weight gain, decreased macroscopic and histological scores and reduced colonic myeloperoxidase activity and TNF-α tissue levels. Colonic tissue levels of substance P were also reduced by SR140333, although this effect did not reach statistical significance. In conclusion, treatment with SR140333 protects from DNBS-induced colitis in rats. These results suggest a role for NK 1 receptors and substance P in the development of intestinal inflammation and indicate tachykinin receptors as a potential pharmacological target in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.

Beta(3)-adrenoceptor agonists protect against experimental gastric ulcers. We investigated the effects of the beta(3)-adrenoceptor agonist SR58611A on 2,4-dinitrobenzene sulphonic acid-induced colitis in rats and analysed the expression of beta(3)-adrenoceptors in the colonic wall. SR58611A was administered orally (1-10 mg kg(-1)) for 7 days, starting the day before induction of colitis. Colitis was assessed by macroscopic and histological scores, tissue myeloperoxidase activity, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical analysis were used to examine the expression of beta(3)-adrenoceptors. SR58611A significantly reduced the severity of colitis as well as the tissue levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6. Colitis was associated with a decreased expression of beta(3)-adrenoceptor mRNA in the mucosal/submucosal layer of distal colon and this reduction was not affected by SR58611A. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed beta(3)-adrenoceptors within the muscularis externa, in myenteric neurons and nerve fibres and in the submucosa. beta(3)-Adrenoceptor immunoreactivity was decreased in inflamed tissues compared to controls, particularly in the myenteric plexus; this reduction was counteracted by SR58611A. Amelioration of experimental colitis by the selective beta(3)-adrenoceptor agonist SR58611A suggests that beta(3)-adrenoceptors may represent a therapeutic target in gut inflammation.