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Propagation of longitudinal acoustic waves in a one-dimensional piezoelectric structure with space-time modulated electrical boundary conditions is investigated. An analytical model allowing the calculation of eigenmodes for spatially continuous shifts of electrical boundary conditions is compared with finite difference time domain simulation results for a discrete set of time-varying spatially fixed conditions. Both models predict that such a structure behaves as a nonreciprocal device exhibiting unidirectional propagation properties in some frequency ranges. The modulus and direction of the modulation speed vector strongly affect this nonreciprocal behavior. Moreover, other nonlinear phenomena such as frequency up and down conversions, wave packet distortion, and parasitic echoes occurring in such systems are investigated in detail. The importance of these phenomena is discussed in the context of nonlinear acoustic wave-based components for radio-communication systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phononic crystals (PC) can be used to control the dispersion properties of acoustic waves, which are essential to direct their propagation. We use a PC-based two-dimensional solid/solid composite to demonstrate experimentally and theoretically the spatial filtering of a monochromatic nondirectional wave source and its emission in a surrounding water medium as an ultra-directional beam with narrow angular distribution. The phenomenon relies on square-shaped equifrequency contours (EFC) enabling self-collimation of acoustic waves within the phononic crystal. Additionally, the angular width of collimated beams is controlled via the EFC size-shrinking when increasing frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An homogeneous piezoelectric rod is shown to exhibit Bragg band gaps when an electrical boundary condition is applied periodically with the help of metallic electrodes. An analytical model is developed which formulation depends on the applied electric boundary condition and reveals that Bragg band gaps occurring in this very peculiar phononic crystal are related to the electric charge located on the electrodes. Moreover, via an accurate boundary condition (electrodes connected in short circuit, in open circuit, or through an external capacitance), full tunability of the Bragg band gaps can be achieved. Measurements of ultrasonic transmission present an overall excellent agreement with the theoretical results. This phononic crystal can be easily manufactured and presents many potential applications as frequency filters especially for radio frequency telecommunications.© 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on numerical and experimental results of acoustic transmission spectra of bead chains with symmetric and asymmetric Fibonacci-like structures. As a matter of comparison, perfect periodic acoustic waveguide structures are also examined. This study shows that Fibonacci structures with mirror symmetry can exhibit localized modes with higher amplitude, due to resonant transmission induced by the presence of dimers inside the 1D structure. A good agreement is observed between the theoretical predictions and the experimental power spectra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The possibility of control and tuning of the band structures of phononic crystals offered by the introduction of an active magnetoelastic material and the application of an external magnetic field is studied. Two means to obtain large elastic properties variations in magnetoelastic material are considered: Giant magnetostriction and spin reorientation transition effects. A plane wave expansion method is used to calculate the band structures. The magnetoelastic coupling is taken into account through the consideration of an equivalent piezomagnetic material model with elastic, piezomagnetic, and magnetic permeability tensors varying as a function of the amplitude and orientation of the applied magnetic field. Results of contactless tunability of the absolute bandgap are presented for a two-dimensional phononic crystal constituted of Terfenol-D square rod embedded in an epoxy matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A theoretical model is developed to ascertain the necessary band structure and equi-frequency contour (EFC) features of two-dimensional phononic crystals (PCs) for the realization of phase control between propagating acoustic waves. Two different PCs, a square array of cylindrical polyvinylchloride inclusions in air and a triangular array of cylindrical steel inclusions in methanol, offer band structures and EFCs with highly dissimilar features. We demonstrate that PCs with EFCs showing non-collinear wave and group velocity vectors are ideal systems for controlling the phase between propagating acoustic waves. Finite-difference time-domain simulations are employed to validate theoretical models and demonstrate the control of phase between propagating acoustic waves in PC structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the possibility of designing phononic crystal-based devices for telecommunication applications using materials commonly employed in microfabrication. We focus our attention on a phononic crystal made of a square array of cylindrical holes drilled in an active piezoelectric PZT5A matrix. Two different structures are considered, namely, a freestanding phononic crystal plate and a plate deposited on a silicon substrate. The geometrical characteristics of the phononic crystal plates (lattice parameter and thickness) were chosen to ensure the existence of an absolute band gap around 1.5 GHz; a common frequency in radio frequency telecommunications. Computations of the dispersion curves of these active structures were conducted with the help of the finite element method. We demonstrate the existence of absolute band gaps in the band structure of the phononic crystal plates and, then, the possibility of guided modes inside a linear defect created by removing one row of air holes in the phononic crystal. In the case of the supported phononic crystal plates, we show the existence of an absolute forbidden band in the plate modes when the thickness of the substrate significantly exceeds the plate thickness. We discuss the conditions to realize waveguiding through a linear defect inside the supported plate. The present work provides evidences that phononic crystal properties can be integrated with existing silicon based microdevice technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have investigated the electromagnetic band structure, transmission, and phase time through a one-dimensional structure made of loops pasted together with segments of finite length. In this serial loop structure, the loops and segments are constituted of dielectric monomode materials. Analytic expressions are reported for the band structure for a large number N of loops and for transmission coefficients and phase times for any value of N. Experimental and numerical results show the existence of large gaps in these structures. These gaps originate both from the periodicity of the system and the loop resonant states that create zeroes of transmission. The gap widths depend on the lengths of the finite segment and the loop diameters. Defect modes may occur in these bandgaps by introducing defective segments in the structure. The localized states appear as very narrow peaks both in the transmission spectrum and in the transmission phase time of finite serial loop structures. The localized state behavior is analyzed as a function of the length and of the position of the defect segment. The transmission phase measurements enable us to derive the group velocity as well as the density of states in these structures. The experimental results are obtained using coaxial cables in the frequency range of few hundreds of MHz. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study theoretically the propagation of elastic waves in two-dimensional composite media composed of a square array of hollow steel cylinders embedded in water using the finite-difference time-domain method. These composite media constitute a class of acoustic band gap materials with narrow pass bands in their transmission stop bands. The frequency at which the pass band occurs is tunable by controlling the inner radius of the tubular steel inclusions. The effect of the tube inner radius on the transmission spectrum is semiquantitatively separable from the effect of the composite periodicity. A linear defect formed of a row of hollow cylinders in an array of filled cylinders produces an elastic waveguide that transmits at the narrow pass band frequency. We show that two of these tunable waveguides with different inner radii can be employed to filter and separate two specific frequencies from a broad band input signal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report calculations of first-order pressure and second-order pressure gradient fields in the neighborhood of patterned silicon wafers. The patterned wafers consist of a single ridge and two parallel ridges separated by a trench on a planar substrate. The efficacy of megasonic waves for cleaning patterned wafers contaminated with micron to submicron silica particles is discussed by comparing a removal force arising from the second-order pressure gradient to a van der Waals adhesion force. The calculated second-order pressure gradient fields show that acoustic energy may be concentrated in small volumes in the vicinity of pattern features with dimensions significantly smaller than the wavelength of the incident acoustic wave. The angle the incident acoustic wave makes with the planar substrate has a strong impact on the second-order pressure gradient field. Grazing incident waves appear to provide a more efficient way of cleaning inside a trench. Excitation of a trench resonant vibrational mode enhances the magnitude of the first-order pressure, the second-order pressure gradient, and therefore the removal force. © 2001 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We calculate the second-order streaming force in a fluid in the vicinity of the solid/fluid interface for two systems of importance in the technology of megasonic cleaning of silicon wafers. The first system consists of a single planar interface between a solid elastic medium representing silicon and a viscous fluid, namely water. The second system accounts for the finite thickness of silicon wafers. It is composed of one silicon slab (wafer) immersed in water. The components of the streaming force parallel and normal to the silicon/water interface are determined as functions of frequency and wave vector of the incident acoustic wave. The normal component of the streaming force is used to calculate the removal force defined as the net force perpendicular to the solid/fluid interface acting on a spherical contaminant particle adhering to the silicon surface. The removal force is too small to remove submicron particles. In contrast the streaming force parallel to the solid/fluid interface may remove particles by pushing or rolling them. The streaming force is shown to be very sensitive to the angle the incident acoustic wave makes with the silicon/water interface. © 2000 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calculates the acoustic pressure field around a linear pattern on a silicon wafer immersed in water subjected to a megasonic beam. Basis of the method of calculation; Determination of the acoustic force applied on the pattern by the pressure field as a function of frequency and angle the incident megasonic beam makes with the water surface.

Research is done on the optical transmission oscillation of multiple quantum wells (MQWs) under the modulation of coherent acoustic phonons. In conclusion, which to calculate the optical transient transmission changes derives analytical expressions for the sensitivity functions and the measured results are in good agreement with the experimental observations.

Research is done on the electromagnetic band structure, transmission, and phase time through a one-dimensional structure made of loops pasted together with segments of finite length. In conclusion, the transmission phase calculations help to derive the group velocity as well as the density of states in the structures and the experimental results are obtained using coaxial cables in the frequency range of few hundreds of MHz.