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2. A Randomized clinical trial comparing the efficacy of ultrasound-guided erector spinae block and paravertebral block in preventing postherpetic neuralgia in patients with zoster-associated pain

Author

Akkamahadevi Patil, S Vyshnavi, Thanigai Raja, Veeranna Shastry, Srinivas H. Thammaiah, and KN Archana

Subjects
erector spinae plane block, paravertebral block, post herpetic neuralgia, ultrasound, Anesthesiology, RD78.3-87.3, Pharmacy and materia medica, RS1-441
Abstract

Background and Aims: The treatment for postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) continues to be challenging in clinical pain management. Paravertebral block (PVB) and erector-spinae block (ESPB) are two novel techniques for treating this distressing condition. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of PVB and ESPB in preventing the progression to PHN in patients with acute herpes zoster (AHZ). Material and Methods: Sixty patients in pain due to AHZ were selected for a prospective randomized control study after approval from Institutional Ethical Committee. Written informed consent was taken. Patients were randomized and allotted into Control-group: standard treatment (oral antivirals, analgesics, neuropathic medicines); PVB-Group: standard treatment with PVB and ESPB- Group: standard treatment with ESPB. Under ultrasound guidance, both blocks were administered with 20 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine + dexamethasone 8 mg. Efficacy was evaluated on the 15th, 30th, and 60th day post treatment. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with adequate relief from pain and allodynia post study. Results: The incidence of PHN post study was 45% in the ESPB group and 40% in the PVB group and 80% in the control group (p = 0.022). The proportion of patients with pain relief was higher among the PVB group compared to the ESPB group but not statistically significant (p 0.749). On day 60, the mean pain score was 2.45 (±3.05) and 2.15 (±2.7) in ESPB and PVB groups, respectively, and 4.3 (±2.27) in the control group (p 0.003). Conclusion: PVB and ESPB are effective approaches in treating patients suffering from pain due to acute zoster and help in preventing its progression to PHN.

Published
2024
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5. Atypical rare presentations of cutaneous tuberculosis: A report of two cases

Author

Sahana Srihari, P S S Ranugha, Veeranna Shastry, and Jayadev B Betkerur

Subjects
atypical cutaneous tuberculosis, scrofuloderma, lupus vulgaris, Dermatology, RL1-803
Abstract

Cutaneous tuberculosis (TB) is the result of a chronic infection by Mycobacterium TB. The clinical manifestations are variable and depend on the interaction of several factors. TB and malignancy present global threats claiming millions of lives and inflicting formidable suffering worldwide. We present two cases of atypical, rare presentations of cutaneous TB. Cases of concurrent scrofuloderma and lupus vulgaris (LV) with miliary tuberculosis of the lung and cutaneous tuberculosis; atypical presentation of LV with concurrent HIV in a 10 year old child. Concurrent presentation of cutaneous TB with internal organ involvement is a rare entity in an immunocompetent asymptomatic individual like our patient. HIV coinfection with cutaneous TB has not been described in any of the childhood series published from India and ours is probably the first report of its kind. It is imperative that physicians have a high index of suspicion to quickly and effectively diagnose and treat these substantially morbid skin conditions.

Published
2024
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6. Nanoparticle-enhanced biodiesel blends: A comprehensive review on improving engine performance and emissions

Author

Veeranna Modi, Prasad B. Rampure, Atul Babbar, Raman Kumar, Madeva Nagaral, Abhijit Bhowmik, Shatrudhan Pandey, S.M. Mozammil Hasnain, Muhammad Mahmood Ali, and Muhammad Nasir Bashir

Subjects
Nanoparticles, Biodiesel, Emission control, Combustion efficiency, Environmental impact, Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, TA401-492, Energy conservation, TJ163.26-163.5
Abstract

Environmental sustainability concerns have led to exploring alternative fuels like biodiesel in transportation. However, biodiesel engines emit pollutants like NOx, CO, and PM, posing health and environmental risks. This review explores the use of Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3), Ruthenium Oxide (RuO2), Titanium Oxide (TiO2), Cerium Oxide (CeO2), Graphene Oxide, Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) and other nanoparticles, in biodiesel engine. It focuses on their unique properties, characterization, emission control, environmental impact, and engine performance. The study emphasizes the significance of different biodiesel blends, compositions, and nanoparticle additions in determining engine performance and emissions. Results vary based on nanoparticle type, size, concentration, and blend composition. The review examines the impact of nanoparticles on various aspects of biodiesel blends, including density, viscosity, cetane number, calorific value, and flash points. It found that nanoparticle additives significantly influence Brake Thermal Efficiency and combustion efficiency. The study also found that nanoparticle-enhanced biodiesel blends have improved ignition properties, faster evaporation, higher oxygen content, and elevated cetane numbers, leading to cleaner combustion and more environmentally friendly engine operation. The research supports the beneficial effects of nanoparticles on biodiesel characteristics and emissions reduction. The review suggests that nanoparticles in biodiesel engines can improve fuel characteristics, engine performance, and emissions reduction but cautions against potential environmental and health risks. The findings suggest further research and optimization for sustainable and efficient engine performance in pursuing greener transportation fuels, highlighting the potential of nanoparticles in biodiesel blends.

Published
2024
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7. Clinico-Mycological Study of Dermatophytosis among Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients in a Tertiary Level Hospital: A Comparative Study

Author

Abarna Rajagopal, Rangappa Vinutha, Padubidri Kombettu Ashwini, Veeranna Shastry, and Chitharagi B. Vidyavathi

Subjects
calcofluor white, dermatophytosis, diabetics, fungal culture, koh, Dermatology, RL1-803
Abstract

Background Dermatophytosis is a major public health concern in India, especially in recent years, with an alarmingly rising trend, particularly in relation to recurrent and chronic infection. The number of studies examining the relationship between an individual’s glycemic status and the development of dermatophytosis, and a comparison of the evolving species trend between diabetic and non-diabetic patients infected with dermatophytes, is limited. Aims and Objectives To study and compare the clinical and mycological aspects of dermatophytosis among diabetic and non-diabetic patients and to compare the culture isolates in both groups. Materials and Methods The study included 378 patients of clinically suspected dermatophytosis, divided into two groups of 189 known diabetics and non-diabetics each. We subsequently analysed and compared the demographics, clinical data, potassium hydroxide (KOH) mount, calcofluor white (CW) staining and fungal culture results of all patients in both groups. Results Among the 378 patients, diabetic patients had a significantly greater extent of involvement and higher rates of recurrence when compared to non-diabetics. The overall positivity rate was higher in CW staining (77.8%) as compared to KOH (57.7%) in both non-diabetics and diabetics. Trichophyton mentagrophytes was the most common isolate (47.6%) in both diabetic (55.0%) and non-diabetic (61.4%) patients, followed by Trichophyton rubrum (31.8% and 29.6%, respectively). The positivity percentages of fungal culture, KOH and CW staining increased to 100%, 77.9% and 95.7%, respectively, when scrapings were taken from ≥2 sites. Conclusion The pattern of dermatophytosis is comparatively more chronic and severe in diabetics compared to non-diabetics. T. mentagrophytes was the most common culture isolate in both groups. CW staining can potentially be used as the initial method of choice for the diagnosis of dermatophytosis as it has significantly outperformed the conventional KOH mount. Scrapings can regularly be taken from ≥2 sites to avoid false negative results.

Published
2024
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10. Experimental investigation on a solar parabolic collector using water-based multi-walled carbon-nanotube with low volume concentrations

Author

Vinayak Talugeri, Nagaraj Basavaraj Pattana, Veeranna Basawannappa Nasi, Kiran Shahapurkar, Manzoore Elahi Mohammad Soudagar, Tansir Ahamad, Md. Abul Kalam, Kiran Madrahalli Chidanandamurthy, Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak, and Rama Rao Karri

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract A limited experimental work was on multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)—water nanofluid with surfactant in the solar parabolic collector at low volume concentrations. At high-volume concentrated nanofluid, the pressure drop was more due to an increase in the viscosity of the working fluid and an increase in the nanoparticle cost; hence it is not economical. This report attempted to use Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate (SDBS) surfactant in the low-volume concentrated MWCNT-water nanofluid to establish effective heat transfer in solar parabolic collector applications. The stable MWCNT-water nanofluid was prepared at 0.0158, 0.0238, and 0.0317 volume concentrations. The experiments were conducted from 10:00 to 16:00 at 6, 6.5 and 7 L/min flow rates concerning ASHRAE Standards. At the 7 L/min flow rate of the working fluid, having a minimum temperature difference between the working fluid and absorber tube leads to better heat transfer. The increased volume concentration of MWCNT in the water enhances the surface area interaction between water and MWCNT nanoparticles. This results in maximum solar parabolic collector efficiency at 0.0317 vol% with a 7 L/min flow rate and 10–11% higher than the distilled water.

Published
2023
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11. Association of Maternal Factors with hyperbilirubinaemia in Newborns at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Navi Mumbai, India: A Cross-sectional Study

Author

Vijay Baburao Sonawane, Veeranna Kotrashetti, Samarth Gupta, and Saili Bunde

Subjects
hypothyroidism, jaundice, mode of delivery, neonate, serum bilirubin, Medicine
Abstract

Introduction: Hyperbilirubinaemia in newborns is a common and serious condition, and it is also one of the most common causes of neonatal readmission to the hospital. It is challenging to diagnose or predict the onset of hyperbilirubinaemia in newborns. Therefore, identifying neonates with maternal risk factors is useful for early prediction of hyperbilirubinaemia, enabling effective management and prevention of complications such as acute bilirubin encephalopathy or kernicterus. Aim: To estimate the prevalence of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia and its association with various maternal risk factors such as parity, maternal diseases, blood group incompatibility, mode of delivery, etc. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted at Dr. D.Y. Patil Hospital in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, from December 2021 to December 2022. A total of 500 healthy full-term neonates and their mothers were screened. Neonates with hyperbilirubinaemia during follow-up were evaluated. Data on maternal factors (e.g., parity, maternal diseases, polyhydramnios, premature rupture of membranes, ABO and Rh incompatibility) were collected, and their association with neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia was assessed. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the Chi-square test to determine prevalence and significance. Results: Out of the 500 babies studied, 95 had serum total bilirubin levels beyond the acceptable normal level of 13 mg/dL at 72 hours of life. The prevalence of hyperbilirubinaemia was 19%. Among the 95 babies, 40 (42.1%) were born to primigravida mothers, while 55 (57.9%) were born to multigravida mothers. In the present study, the authors observed that out of the 26 mothers suffering from hypothyroidism, 14 babies developed hyperbilirubinaemia. Similarly, out of the 24 mothers with preeclampsia, eight babies developed hyperbilirubinaemia. Furthermore, out of the 15 mothers with diabetes mellitus, six babies developed hyperbilirubinaemia. Additionally, out of the 11 mothers with polyhydramnios, two babies developed hyperbilirubinaemia, and out of the 10 mothers with Premature Rupture of Membranes (PROM), one baby developed hyperbilirubinaemia. Among the 208 male neonates, 58 developed hyperbilirubinaemia, while among the 292 female neonates, 37 developed hyperbilirubinaemia. ABO incompatibility was seen in 23 (24.2%) neonates, and Rh incompatibility was seen in 3 (3.2%) neonates, both of which were identified as important risk factors. A higher incidence of hyperbilirubinaemia was observed in neonates born via Lower Segment Caesarean Section (LSCS) compared to normal vaginal delivery. Conclusion: In the present study, the prevalence of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia was 19%. Male babies, babies born via LSCS, those with ABO incompatibility, and mothers with hypothyroidism were significantly more prone to develop hyperbilirubinaemia in neonates.

Published
2023
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12. Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions (CADRs) to COVID19 vaccines: A case series

Author

Manila Purushottam, Vinutha Rangappa, Jayadev B Betkerur, Ashwini P Kombettu, and Veeranna Shastry

Subjects
cadr, covaxin, covishield, Dermatology, RL1-803
Abstract

Viral vector vaccines (Covishield) and inactivated vaccines (Covaxin) are now being administered worldwide to reduce the impact of life-threatening corona virus disease 19 (COVID-19). Various cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs) have been reported following COVID-19 vaccination. Here, we are reporting series of CADRs following COVID-19 vaccination. Among 18 CADRs, 4 each were of acute urticaria and pityriasis rosea, 2 each of leukocytoclastic vasculitis and herpes zoster, 3 exacerbation of psoriasis, and 1 each of exacerbation of eczema, reactivation of herpes simplex virus 1 infection, and COVID arm. However, in 1 case there was remission of psoriasis. These CADRs occurred between 6 hours and 20 days after vaccination and were mild to moderate in severity. Only 1 needed hospitalization. Of the 18 CADRs, 10 developed after first dose and 8 after second dose. Causality assessment was done using World Health Organization causality assessment classification. Mass COVID-19 vaccination program is in progress worldwide. Many CADRs like COVID arm, urticaria, pityriasis rosea, leukocytoclastic vasculitis, herpes zoster etc., have been reported following vaccination. In our series only 1 developed cutaneous adverse drug reaction (CADR) to Covaxin. It was Covishield that was administered during the vaccination drive; hence, more cases were seen to that vaccine. Most of the CADRs were mild to moderate in intensity. Awareness of these adverse effects enables the healthcare professionals to be better equipped to recognize and manage them correctly.

Published
2023
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14. Exploring the cost-effectiveness of high versus low perioperative fraction of inspired oxygen in the prevention of surgical site infections among abdominal surgery patients in three low- and middle-income countries

Author

Mwayi Kachapila, Mark Monahan, Adesoji O. Ademuyiwa, Yakubu Momohsani Adinoyi, Bruce M. Biccard, Christina George, Dhruva N. Ghosh, James Glasbey, Dion G. Morton, Osaheni Osayomwanbo, Rupert Pearse, Tracy E. Roberts, Atul Suroy, Saidu Yusuf Yakubu, Raymond Oppong, Aneel Bhangu, Maria Lorena Aguilera, Philip Alexander, Sara W. Al-Saqqa, Giuliano Borda-Luque, Ainhoa Costas-Chavarri, Thomas M. Drake, Faustin Ntirenganya, J. Edward Fitzgerald, Stuart J. Fergusson, J.C. Allen Ingabire, Lawani Ismaïl, Hosni Khairy Salem, Anyomih Theophilus Teddy Kojo, Marie Carmela Lapitan, Richard Lilford, Andre L. Mihaljevic, Dion Morton, Alphonse Zeta Mutabazi, Dmitri Nepogodiev, Adewale O. Adisa, Riinu Ots, Francesco Pata, Thomas Pinkney, Tomas Poškus, Ahmad Uzair Qureshi, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina, Sarah Rayne, Catherine A. Shaw, Sebastian Shu, Richard Spence, Neil Smart, Stephen Tabiri, Ewen M. Harrison, Azmina Verjee, Emmy Runigamugabo, Chetan Khatri, Midhun Mohan, Zahra Jaffry, Afnan Altamini, Andrew Kirby, Kjetil Søreide, Gustavo Recinos, Jen Cornick, Maria Marta Modolo, Dushyant Iyer, Sebastian King, Tom Arthur, Sayeda Nazmum Nahar, Ade Waterman, Michael Walsh, Arnav Agarwal, Augusto Zani, Mohammed Firdouse, Tyler Rouse, Qinyang Liu, Juan Camilo Correa, Peep Talving, Mengistu Worku, Alexis Arnaud, Vassilis Kalles, Basant Kumar, Sunil Kumar, Radhian Amandito, Roy Quek, Luca Ansaloni, Ahmed Altibi, Donatas Venskutonis, Justas Zilinskas, Tomas Poskus, John Whitaker, Vanessa Msosa, Yong Yong Tew, Alexia Farrugia, Elaine Borg, Zineb Bentounsi, Tanzeela Gala, Ibrahim Al-Slaibi, Haya Tahboub, Osaid H. Alser, Diego Romani, Sebestian Shu, Piotr Major, Aurel Mironescu, Matei Bratu, Amar Kourdouli, Aliyu Ndajiwo, Abdulaziz Altwijri, Mohammed Ubaid Alsaggaf, Ahmad Gudal, Al Faifi Jubran, Sam Seisay, Bettina Lieske, Irene Ortega, Jenifa Jeyakumar, Kithsiri J. Senanayake, Omar Abdulbagi, Yucel Cengiz, Dmitri Raptis, Yuksel Altinel, Chia Kong, Ella Teasdale, Gareth Irwin, Michael Stoddart, Rakan Kabariti, Sukrit Suresh, Katherine Gash, Ragavan Narayanan, Mayaba Maimbo, Besmir Grizhja, Shpetim Ymeri, Gezim Galiqi, Roberto Klappenbach, Diego Antezana, Alvaro Enrique Mendoza Beleño, Cecilia Costa, Belen Sanchez, Susan Aviles, Claudio Gabriel Fermani, Rubén Balmaceda, Santiago Villalobos, Juan Manuel Carmona, Daniel Hamill, Peter Deutschmann, Simone Sandler, Daniel Cox, Ram Nataraja, Claire Sharpin, Damir Ljuhar, Demi Gray, Morgan Haines, Dush Iyer, Nithya Niranjan, Scott D'Amours, Morvarid Ashtari, Helena Franco, Ashrarur Rahman Mitul, Sabbir Karim, Nowrin F. Aman, Mahnuma Mahfuz Estee, Umme Salma, Joyeta Razzaque, Tasnia Hamid Kanta, Sayeeda Aktar Tori, Shadid Alamin, Swapnil Roy, Shadid Al Amin, Rezaul Karim, Muhtarima Haque, Amreen Faruq, Farhana Iftekhar, Margaret O'Shea, Greg Padmore, Ramesh Jonnalagadda, Andrey Litvin, Aliaksandr Filatau, Dzmitry Paulouski, Maryna Shubianok, Tatsiana Shachykava, Dzianis Khokha, Vladimir Khokha, Fernande Djivoh, Francis Dossou, Djifid Morel Seto, Dansou Gaspard Gbessi, Bruno Noukpozounkou, Yacoubou Imorou Souaibou, Kpèmahouton René Keke, Fred Hodonou, Ernest Yemalin Stephane Ahounou, Thierry Alihonou, Max Dénakpo, Germain Ahlonsou, Alemayehu Ginbo Bedada, Carlos Nsengiyumva, Sandrine Kwizera, Venerand Barendegere, Philip Choi, Simon Stock, Luai Jamal, Georges Azzie, Sameer Kushwaha, Tzu-Ling Chen, Chingwan Yip, Irene Montes, Felipe Zapata, Sebastian Sierra, Maria Isabel Villegas Lanau, Maria Clara Mendoza Arango, Ivan Mendoza Restrepo, Ruben Santiago Restrepo Giraldo, Edgar Domini, Robert Karlo, Jakov Mihanovic, Mohamed Youssef, Hossam Elfeki, Waleed Thabet, Aly Sanad, Gehad Tawfik, Ahmed Zaki, Noran Abdel-Hameed, Mohamed Mostafa, Muhammad Fathi Waleed Omar, Ahmed Ghanem, Emad Abdallah, Adel Denewar, Eman Emara, Eman Rashad, Ahmad Sakr, Rehab Elashry, Sameh Emile, Toqa Khafagy, Sara Elhamouly, Arwa Elfarargy, Amna Mamdouh Mohamed, Ghada Saied Nagy, Abeer Esam, Eman Elwy, Aya Hammad, Salwa Khallaf, Eman Ibrahim, Ahmed Saidbadr, Ahmed Moustafa, Amany Eldosouky Mohammed, Mohammed Elgheriany, Eman Abdelmageed, Eman Abd Al Raouf, Esraa Samir Elbanby, Maha Elmasry, Mahitab Morsy Farahat, Eman Yahya Mansor, Eman Magdy Hegazy, Esraa Gamal, Heba Gamal, Hend Kandil, Doaa Maher Abdelrouf, Mohamed Moaty, Dina Gamal, Nada El-Sagheer, Mohamed Salah, Salma Magdy, Asmaa Salah, Ahmed Essam, Ahmed Ali, Mahmoud Badawy, Sara Ahmed, Mazed Mohamed, Abdelrahman Assal, Mohamed Sleem, Mai Ebidy, Aly Abd Elrazek, Diaaaldin Zahran, Nourhan Adam, Mohamed Nazir, Adel B. Hassanein, Ahmed Ismail, Amira Elsawy, Rana Mamdouh, Mohamed Mabrouk, Lopna Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed, Mohamed Hassab Alnaby, Eman Magdy, Manar Abd-Elmawla, Marwan Fahim, Bassant Mowafy, Moustafa Ibrahim Mahmoud, Meran Allam, Muhammad Alkelani, Noran Halim El Gendy, Mariam Saad Aboul-Naga, Reham Alaa El-Din, Alyaa Halim Elgendy, Mohamed Ismail, Mahmoud Shalaby, Aya Adel Elsharkawy, Mahmoud Elsayed Moghazy, Khaled Hesham Elbisomy, Hend Adel Gawad Shakshouk, Mohamed Fouad Hamed, Mai Mohamed Ebidy, Mostafa Abdelkader, Mohamed Karkeet, Hayam Ahmed, Israa Adel, Mohammad Elsayed Omar, Mohamed Ibrahim, Omar Ghoneim, Omar Hesham, Shimaa Gamal, Karim Hilal, Omar Arafa, Sawsan Adel Awad, Menatalla Salem, Fawzia Abdellatif Elsherif, Nourhan Elsabbagh, Moustafa R. Aboelsoud, Ahmed Hossam Eldin Fouad Rida, Amr Hossameldin, Ethar Hany, Yomna Hosny Asar, Nourhan Anwar, Mohamed Gadelkarim, Samar Abdelhady, Eman Mohamed Morshedy, Reham Saad, Nourhan Soliman, Mahmoud Salama, Eslam Ezzat, Arwa Mohamed, Arwa Ibrahim, Alaa Fergany, Sara Mohammed, Aya Reda, Yomna Allam, Hanan Adel Saad, Afnan Abdelfatah, Aya Mohamed Fathy, Ahmed El-Sehily, Esraa Abdalmageed Kasem, Ahmed Tarek Abdelbaset Hassan, Ahmed Rabeih Mohammed, Abdalla Gamal Saad, Yasmin Elfouly, Nesma Elfouly, Arij Ibrahim, Amr Hassaan, Mohammed Mustafa Mohammed, Ghada Elhoseny, Mohamed Magdy, Esraa Abd Elkhalek, Yehia Zakaria, Tarek Ezzat, Ali Abo El Dahab, Mohamed Kelany, Sara Arafa, Osama Mokhtar Mohamed Hassan, Nermin Mohamed Badwi, Ahmad Saber Sleem, Hussien Ahmed, Kholoud Abdelbadeai, Mohamed Abozed Abdullah, Muhammad Amsyar Auni Lokman, Suraya Bahar, Anan Rady Abdelazeam, Abdelrahman Adelshone, Muhammad Bin Hasnan, Athirah Zulkifli, Siti Nur Alia Kamarulzamil, Abdelaziz Elhendawy, Aliang Latif, Ahmad Bin Adnan, Shahadatul Shaharuddin, Aminah Hanum Haji Abdul Majid, Mahmoud Amreia, Dina Al-Marakby, Mahmoud Salma, Mohamad Jeffrey Bin Ismail, Elissa Rifhan Mohd Basir, Citra Dewi, Mohd Ali, Aya Yehia Ata, Maha Nasr, Asmaa Rezq, Ahmed Sheta, Sherif Tariq, Abd Elkhalek Sallam, Abdelrhman K.Z. Darwish, Sohaila Elmihy, Shady Elhadry, Ahmed Farag, Haidar Hajeh, Abdelaziz Abdelaal, Amro Aglan, Ahmed Zohair, Mahitab Essam, Omar Moussa, Esraa El-Gizawy, Mostafa Samy, Safia Ali, Esraa Elhalawany, Ahmed Ata, Mohamed El Halawany, Mohamed Nashat, Samar Soliman, Alaa Elazab, Mostada Samy, Mohamed A. Abdelaziz, Khaled Ibrahim, Ahmed mohamed Ibrahim, Ammar Gado, Usama Hantour, Esraa Alm Eldeen, Mohamed Reda loaloa, Arwa Abouzaid, Mostafa Ahmed Bahaa Eldin, Eman Hashad, Fathy Sroor, Doaa Gamil, Eman Mahmoud Abdulhakeem, Mahmoud Zakaria, Fawzy Mohamed, Marwan Abubakr, Elsayed Ali, Hesham Magdy, Menna Tallah Ramadan, Mohamed Abdelaty Mohamed, Salma Mansour, Hager Abdul Aziz Amin, Ahmed Rabie Mohamed, Mahmoud Saami, Nada Ahmed Reda Elsayed, Adham Tarek, Sabry Mohy Eldeen Mahmoud, Islam Magdy El Sayed, Amira Reda, Martina Yusuf Shawky, Mohammed Mousa Salem, Shahinaz Alaa El-Din, Noha Abdullah Soliman, Muhammed Talaat, Shahinaz Alaael-Dein, Ahmed Abd Elmoen Elhusseiny, Noha Abdullah, Mohammed Elshaar, Aya AbdelFatah Ibraheem, Hager Abdulaziz, Mohammed Kamal Ismail, Mona Hamdy Madkor, Mohamed Abdelaty, Sara Mahmoud Abdel-Kader, Osama Mohamed Salah, Mahmoud Eldafrawy, Ahmed Zaki Eldeeb, Mostafa Mahmoud Eid, Attia Attia, Khalid Salah El-Dien, Ayman Shwky, Mohamed Adel Badenjki, Abdelrahman Soliman, Samaa Mahmoud Al Attar, Farrag Sayed, Fahd Abdel Sabour, Mohammed G. Azizeldine, Muhammad Shawqi, Abdullah Hashim, Ahmed Aamer, Ahmed Mahmoud Abdelraouf, Mahmoud Abdelshakour, Amal Ibrahim, Basma Mahmoud, Mohamed Ali Mahmoud, Mostafa Qenawy, Ahmed M. Rashed, Ahmed Dahy, Marwa Sayed, Ahmed W. Shamsedine, Bakeer Mohamed, Ahmad Hasan, Mahmoud M. Saad, Khalil Abdul Bassit, Nadia Khalid Abd El-Latif, Nada Elzahed, Ahmed El Kashash, Nada Mohamed Bekhet, Sarah Hafez, Ahmed Gad, Mahmoud Elkhadragy Maher, Ahmed Abd Elsameea, Mohamed Hafez, Ahmad Sabe, Ataa Ahmed, Ahmed Shahine, Khaled Dawood, Shireen Gaafar, Reem Husseiny, Omnia Aboelmagd, Ahmed Soliman, Nourhan Mesbah, Hossam Emadeldin, Amgad Al Meligy, Amira Hassan Bekhet, Doaa Hasan, Khaled Alhady, Ahmad Khaled Sabe, Mahmoud A. Elnajjar, Majed Aboelella, Ward Hamsho, Ihab Hassan, Hala Saad, Galaleldin Abdelazim, Hend Mahmoud, Noha Wael, Ahmedali M. Kandil, Ahmed Magdy, Shimaa Said Elkholy, Badr Eldin Adel, Kareem Dabbour, Saged Elsherbiney, Omar Mattar, Abdulshafi Khaled Abdrabou, Mohammed Yahia Mohamed Aly, Abdelrahman Geuoshy, Ahmedglal Elnagar, Saraibrahim Ahmed, Ibrahem Abdelmotaleb, Amr Ahmed Saleh, Manar Saeed, Shady Mahmoud, Badreldin Adel Tawfik, Samar Adel Ismail, Esraay Zakaria, Mariam O. Gad, Mohamed Salah Elhelbawy, Monica Bassem, Noha Maraie, Nourhan Medhat Elhadary, Nourhan Semeda, Shaza Rabie Mohamed, Hesham Mohammed Bakry, A.A. Essam, Dina Tarek, Khlood Ashour, Alaa Elhadad, Abdulrahman Abdel-Aty, Ibrahim Rakha, Sara Mamdouh Matter, Rasha Abdelhamed, Omar Abdelkader, Ayat Hassaan, Yasmin Soliman, Amna Mohamed, Sara Ghanem, Sara Amr Mohamed Farouk, Eman Mohamed Ibrahim, Esraa El-Taher, Merna Mostafa, Mohamed Fawzy Mahrous Badr, Rofida Elsemelawy, Aya El-Sawy, Ahmad Bakr, Ahmad Abdel Razaq Al Rafati, Sten Saar, Arvo Reinsoo, Nebyou Seyoum, Tewodros Worku, Agazi Fitsum, Matti Tolonen, Ari Leppäniemi, Ville Sallinen, Benoît Parmentier, Matthieu Peycelon, Sabine Irtan, Sabrina Dardenne, Elsa Robert, Betty Maillot, Etienne Courboin, Alexis Pierre Arnaud, Juliette Hascoet, Olivier Abbo, Amir Ait Kaci, Thomas Prudhomme, Quentin Ballouhey, Céline Grosos, Laurent Fourcade, Tolg Cecilia, Colombani Jean-Francois, Francois-Coridon Helene, Xavier Delforge, Elodie Haraux, Bertrand Dousset, Roberto Schiavone, Sebastien Gaujoux, Jean-Baptiste Marret, Aurore Haffreingue, Julien Rod, Mariette Renaux-Petel, Jean-François Lecompte, Jean Bréaud, Pauline Gastaldi, Chouikh Taieb, Raquillet Claire, Echaieb Anis, Nasir Bustangi, Manuel Lopezv, Aurelien Scalabre, Maria Giovanna Grella, Aurora Mariani, Guillaume Podevin, Françoise Schmitt, Erik Hervieux, Aline Broch, Cecile Muller, Dickson Bandoh, Francis Abantanga, Martin Kyereh, Hamza Asumah, Eric Kofi Appiah, Paul Wondoh, Adam Gyedu, Charles Dally, Kwabena Agbedinu, Michael Amoah, Abiboye Yifieyeh, Frank Owusu, Mabel Amoako-Boateng, Makafui Dayie, Richmond Hagan, Sam Debrah, Micheal Ohene-Yeboah, Joe-Nat Clegg-Lampety, Victor Etwire, Jonathan Dakubo, Samuel Essoun, William Bonney, Hope Glover-Addy, Samuel Osei-Nketiah, Joachim Amoako, Niiarmah Adu-Aryee, William Appeadu-Mensah, Antoinette Bediako-Bowan, Florence Dedey, Mattew Ekow, Emmanuel Akatibo, Musah Yakubu, Hope Edem Kofi Kordorwu, Kwasi Asare-Bediako, Enoch Tackie, Kenneth Aaniana, Emmanuel Acquah, Richard Opoku-Agyeman, Anthony Avoka, Kwasi Kusi, Kwame Maison, Frank Enoch Gyamfi, Gandau Naa Barnabas, Saiba Abdul-Latif, Philip Taah Amoako, Anthony Davor, Victor Dassah, Enoch Dagoe, Prince Kwakyeafriyie, Elliot Akoto, Eric Ackom, Ekow Mensah, Ebenezer Takyi Atkins, Christian Lari Coompson, Nikolaos Ivros, Christoforos Ferousis, Vasileios Kalles, Christos Agalianos, Ioannis Kyriazanos, Christos Barkolias, Angelos Tselos, Georgios Tzikos, Evangelos Voulgaris, Dimitrios Lytras, Athanasia Bamicha, Kyriakos Psarianos, Anastasios Stefanopoulos, Ioannis Patoulias, Dimitrios Sfougaris, Ioannis Valioulis, Dimitrios Balalis, Dimitrios Korkolis, Dimitrios K. Manatakis, Georgios Kyrou, Georgios Karabelias, Iason-Antonios Papaskarlatos, Kolonia Konstantina, Nikolaos Zampitis, Stylianos Germanos, Aspasia Papailia, Theodosios Theodosopoulos, Georgios Gkiokas, Magdalini Mitroudi, Christina Panteli, Thomas Feidantsis, Konstantinos Farmakis, Dimitrios Kyziridis, Orestis Ioannidis, Styliani Parpoudi, Georgios Gemenetzis, Stavros Parasyris, Christos Anthoulakis, Nikolaos Nikoloudis, Michail Margaritis, Maria-Lorena Aguilera-Arevalo, Otto Coyoy-Gaitan, Javier Rosales, Luis Tale, Rafael Soley, Emmanuel Barrios, Servio Tulio Torres Rodriguez, Carlos Paz Galvez, Danilo Herrera Cruz, Guillermo Sanchez Rosenberg, Alejandro Matheu, David Monterroso Cohen, Marie Paul, Angeline Charles, Justin Chak Yiu Lam, Man Hon Andrew Yeung, Chi Ying Jacquelyn Fok, Ka Hin Gabriel Li, Anthony Chuk-Him Lai, Yuk Hong Eric Cheung, Hong Yee Wong, Ka Wai Leung, Tien Seng Bryan Lee, Wai Him Lam, Weihei Dao, Stephanie Hiu-wai Kwok, Tsz-Yan Katie Chan, Yung Kok Ng, T.W.C. Mak, Chi Chung Foo, James Yang, Ankur Bhatnagar, Vijaid Upadhyaya, Uday Muddebihal, Wasim Dar, K.C. Janardha, Neerav Aruldas, Fidelis Jacklyn Adella, Anthonius Santoso Rulie, Ferdy Iskandar, Jonny Setiawan, Cicilia Viany Evajelista, Hani Natalie, Arlindawati Suyadi, Rudy Gunawan, Herlin Karismaningtyas, Lusi Padma Sulistianingsih Mata, Ferry Fitriya Ayu Andika, Afifatun Hasanah, T. Ariani Widiastini, Nurlaila Ayu Purwaningsih, Annisa Dewi Fitriana Mukin, Dina Faizatur Rahmah, Hazmi Dwinanda Nurqistan, Hasbi Maulana Arsyad, Novia Adhitama, Wifanto Saditya Jeo, Nathania Sutandi, Audrey Clarissa, Phebe Anggita Gultom, Matthew Billy, Andreass Haloho, Nadya Johanna, Felix Lee, Radin Mohd Nurrahman Radin Dorani, Martha Glynn, Mohammad Alherz, Wennweoi Goh, Haaris A. Shiwani, Lorraine Sproule, Kevin C. Conlon, Miklosh Bala, Asaf Kedar, Luca Turati, Federica Bianco, Francesca Steccanella, Gaetano Gallo, Mario Trompetto, Giuseppe Clerico, Matteo Papandrea, Giuseppe Sammarco, Rosario Sacco, Angelo Benevento, Luisa Giavarini, Mariano Cesare Giglio, Luigi Bucci, Gianluca Pagano, Viviana Sollazzo, Roberto Peltrini, Gaetano Luglio, Arianna Birindelli, Salomone Di Saverio, Gregorio Tugnoli, Miguel Angel Paludi, Pietro Mingrone, Domenica Pata, Francesco Selvaggi, Lucio Selvaggi, Gianluca Pellino, Natale Di Martino, Gianluca Curletti, Paolo Aonzo, Raffaele Galleano, Stefano Berti, Elisa Francone, Silvia Boni, Laura Lorenzon, Annalisa lo Conte, Genoveffa Balducci, Gianmaria Confalonieri, Giovanni Pesenti, Laura Gavagna, Giorgio Vasquez, Simone Targa, Savino Occhionorelli, Dario Andreotti, Giacomo Pata, Andrea Armellini, Deborah Chiesa, Fabrizio Aquilino, Nicola Chetta, Arcangelo Picciariello, Mohamed Abdelkhalek, Andrea Belli, Silvia De Franciscis, Annamaria Bigaran, Alessandro Favero, Stefano M.M. Basso, Paola Salusso, Martina Perino, Sylvie Mochet, Diego Sasia, Francesco Riente, Marco Migliore, David Merlini, Silvia Basilicò, Carlo Corbellini, Veronica Lazzari, Yuri Macchitella, Luigi Bonavina, Daniele Angelieri, Diego Coletta, Federica Falaschi, Marco Catani, Claudia Reali, Mariastella Malavenda, Celeste Del Basso, Sergio Ribaldi, Massimo Coletti, Andrea Natili, Norma Depalma, Immacolata Iannone, Angelo Antoniozzi, Davide Rossi, Daniele Gui, Gerardo Perrotta, Matteo Ripa, Francesco Ruben Giardino, Maurizio Foco, Erika Vicario, Federico Coccolini, Gabriela Elisa Nita, Nicoletta Leone, Andrea Bondurri, Anna Maffioli, Andrea Simioni, Davide De Boni, Sandro Pasquali, Elena Goldin, Elena Vendramin, Eleonora Ciccioli, Umberto Tedeschi, Luca Bortolasi, Paola Violi, Tommaso Campagnaro, Simone Conci, Giovanni Lazzari, Calogero Iacono, Alfredo Gulielmi, Serena Manfreda, Anna Rinaldi, Maria Novella Ringressi, Beatrice Brunoni, Giuseppe Salamone, Mirko Mangiapane, Paolino De Marco, Antonella La Brocca, Roberta Tutino, Vania Silvestri, Leo Licari, Tommaso Fontana, Nicolò Falco, Gianfranco Cocorullo, Mostafa Shalaby, Pierpaolo Sileri, Claudio Arcudi, Isam Bsisu, Khaled Aljboor, Lana Abusalem, Aseel Alnusairat, Ahmad Qaissieh, Emad Al-Dakka, Ali Ababneh, Oday Halhouli, Taha Yusufali, Hussein Mohammed, Justus Lando, Robert Parker, Wairimu Ndegwa, Mantas Jokubauskas, Jolanta Gribauskaite, Justas Kuliavas, Audrius Dulskas, Narimantas E. Samalavicius, Kristijonas Jasaitis, Audrius Parseliunas, Viktorija Nevieraite, Margarita Montrimaite, Evelina Slapelyte, Edvinas Dainius, Romualdas Riauka, Zilvinas Dambrauskas, Andrejus Subocius, Linas Venclauskas, Antanas Gulbinas, Saulius Bradulskis, Simona Kasputyte, Deimante Mikuckyte, Mindaugas Kiudelis, Tomas Jankus, Steponas Petrikenas, Matas Pažuskis, Zigmantas Urniežius, Mantas Vilčinskas, Vincas Jonas Banaitis, Vytautas Gaižauskas, Edvard Grisin, Povilas Mazrimas, Rokas Rackauskas, Mantas Drungilas, Karolis Lagunavicius, Vytautas Lipnickas, Dovilè Majauskyté, Valdemaras Jotautas, Tomas Abaliksta, Laimonas Uščinas, Gintaras Simutis, Adomas Ladukas, Donatas Danys, Erikas Laugzemys, Saulius Mikalauskas, Elena Zdanyte Sruogiene, Petras Višinskas, Reda Žilinskienė, Deividas Dragatas, Andrius Burmistrovas, Zygimantas Tverskis, Arturas Vaicius, Ruta Mazelyte, Antanas Zadoroznas, Nerijus Kaselis, Greta Žiubrytė, Finaritra Casimir Fleur Prudence Rahantasoa, Luc Hervé Samison, Fanjandrainy Rasoaherinomenjanahary, Todisoa Emmanuella Christina Tolotra, Cornelius Mukuzunga, Chimwemwe Kwatiwani, Nelson Msiska, Feng Yih Chai, Siti Mohd Desa Asilah, Khuzaimah Zahid Syibrah, Pui Xin Chin, Afizah Salleh, Nur Zulaika Riswan, April Camilla Roslani, Hoong-Yin Chong, Nora Abdul Aziz, Keat-Seong Poh, Chu-Ann Chai, Sandip Kumar, Mustafa Mohammed Taher, Nik Ritza Kosai, Dayang Nita Abdul Aziz, Reynu Rajan, Rokayah Julaihi, Durvesh Lacthman Jethwani, Muhammad Taqiyuddin Yahaya, Nik Azim Nik Abdullah, Susan Wndy Mathew, Kuet Jun Chung, Milaksh Kumar Nirumal, R. Goh Ern Tze, Syed Abdul Wahhab Eusoffee Wan Ali, Yiing Yee Gan, Jesse Ron Swire Ting, Samuel S.Y. Sii, Kean Leong Koay, Yi Koon Tan, Alvin Ee Zhiun Cheah, Chui Yee Wong, Tuan Nur'Azmah Tuan Mat, Crystal Yern Nee Chow, Prisca A.L. Har, Yishan Der, Fitjerald Henry, Xinwei Low, Ya Theng Neo, Hian Ee Heng, Shu Ning Kong, Cheewei Gan, Yi Ting Mok, Yee Wen Tan, Kandasami Palayan, Mahadevan Deva Tata, Yih Jeng Cheong, Kuhaendran Gunaseelan, Wan Nurul 'Ain Wan Mohd Nasir, Pigeneswaren Yoganathan, Eu Xian Lee, Jian Er Saw, Li Jing Yeang, Pei Ying Koh, Shyang Yee Lim, Shuang Yi Teo, Nicole Grech, Daniela Magri, Kristina Cassar, Christine Mizzi, Malcolm Falzon, Nihaal Shaikh, Ruth Scicluna, Stefan Zammit, Sean Mizzi, Svetlana Doris Brincat, Thelma Tembo, Vu Thanh Hien Le, Tara Grima, Keith Sammut, Kurt Carabott, Ciskje Zarb, Andre Navarro, Thea Dimech, Georgette Marie Camilleri, Isaac Bertuello, Jeffrey Dalli, Karl Bonavia, Samantha Corro-Diaz, Marisol Manriquez-Reyes, Amina Abdelhamid, Abdelmalek Hrora, Sarah Benammi, Houda Bachri, Meryem Abbouch, Khaoula Boukhal, Redouane Mammar Bennai, Abdelkader Belkouchi, Mohamed Sobhi Jabal, Chaymae Benyaiche, Maarten Vermaas, Lucia Duinhouwer, Javier Pastora, Greta Wood, Maria Soledad Merlo, Akinlabi Ajao, Omobolaji Ayandipo, Taiwo Lawal, Abdussemiu Abdurrazzaaq, Muslimat Alada, Abdulrasheed Nasir, James Adeniran, Olufemi Habeeb, Ademola Popoola, Ademola Adeyeye, Ademola Adebanjo, Opeoluwa Adesanya, Adewale Adeniyi, Henry Mendel, Bashir Bello, Umar Muktar, Adedapo Osinowo, Thomas Olagboyega Olajide, Oyindamola Oshati, George Ihediwa, Babajide Adenekan, Victor Nwinee, Felix Alakaloko, Adesoji Ademuyiwa, Olumide Elebute, Abdulrazzaq Lawal, Chris Bode, Mojolaoluwa Olugbemi, Alaba Adesina, Olubukola Faturoti, Oluwatomi Odutola, Oluwaseyi Adebola, Clement Onuoha, Ogechukwu Taiwo, Omolara Williams, Fatai Balogun, Olalekan Ajai, Mobolaji Oludara, Iloba Njokanma, Roland Osuoji, Stephen Kache, Jonathan Ajah, Jerry Makama, Ahmed Adamu, Suleiman Baba, Mohammad Aliyu, Shamsudeen Aliyu, Yahaya Ukwenya, Halima Aliyu, Tunde Sholadoye, Muhammad Daniyan, Oluseyi Ogunsua, Lofty-John Anyanwu, Abdurrahaman Sheshe, Aminu Mohammad, Samson Olori, Philip Mshelbwala, Babatunde Odeyemi, Garba Samson, Oyediran Kehinde Timothy, Sani Ali Samuel, Anthony Ajiboye, Isaac Amole, Olajide Abiola, Akin Olaolorun, Torhild Veen, Arezo Kanani, Kristian Styles, Ragnar Herikstad, Johannes Wiik Larsen, Jon Arne Søreide, Elisabeth Jensen, Mads Gran, Eirik Kjus Aahlin, Tina Gaarder, Peter Wiel Monrad-Hansen, Pål Aksel Næss, Giedrius Lauzikas, Joachim Wiborg, Silje Holte, Knut Magne Augestad, Gurpreet Singh Banipal, Michela Monteleone, Thomas Tetens Moe, Johannes Kurt Schultz, Taher Al-Taher, Ayah Hamdan, Ayman Salman, Rana Saadeh, Aseel Musleh, Dana Jaradat, Soha Abushamleh, Sakhaa Hanoun, Amjad Abu Qumbos, Aseel Hamarshi, Ayman, Taher, Israa Qawasmi, Khalid Qurie, Marwa Altarayra, Mohammad Ghannam, Alaa Shaheen, Azher Herebat, Aram Abdelhaq, Ahmad Shalabi, Maram Abu-Toyour, Fatema Asi, Ala Shamasneh, Anwar Atiyeh, Mousa Mustafa, Rula Zaa'treh, Majd Dabboor, Enas Alaloul, Heba Baraka, Jehad Meqbil, Alaa Al-Buhaisi, Mohamedraed Elshami, Samah Afana, Sahar Jaber, Said Alyacoubi, Yousef Abuowda, Tasneem Idress, Eman Abuqwaider, Sara Al-Saqqa, Alaa Bowabsak, Alaa El Jamassi, Doaa Hasanain, Hadeel Al-Farram, Maram Salah, Aya Firwana, Marwa Hamdan, Israa Awad, Ahmad Ashour, Fayez Elian Al Barrawi, Ahmed Al-Khatib, Maha Al-Faqawi, Mohamed Fares, Amjad Elmashala, Mohammad Adawi, Ihdaa Adawi, Reem Khreishi, Rose Khreishi, Ahed Ghaben, Najwa Nadeem, Muhammad Saqlain, Jibran Abbasy, Abdul Rehman Alvi, Noman Shahzad, Kamran Faisal Bhopal, Zainab Iftikhar, Muhammad Talha Butt, Syed Asaat Ul Razi, Asdaq Ahmed, Ali Khan Niazi, Ibrahim Raza, Fatima Baluch, Ahmed Raza, Ahmad Bani-Sadar, Muhammad Adil, Awais Raza, Mahnoor Javaid, Muhammad Waqar, Maryam Ali Khan, Mohammad Mohsin Arshad, Mohammadasim Amjad, Gustavo Miguel Machain Vega, Jorge Torres Cardozo, Marcelo O´Higgins Roche, Gustavo Rodolfo Pertersen Servin, Helmut Alfredo Segovia Lohse, Larissa Ines Páez Lopez, Ramón Augusto Melo Cardozo, Fernando Espinoza, Angel David Pérez Rojas, Diana Sanchez, Camila Sanchez Samaniego, Shalon Guevara Torres, Alexander Canta Calua, Cesar Razuri, Nadia Ortiz, Xianelle Rodriguez, Nahilia Carrasco, Fridiz Saravia, Hector Shibao Miyasato, María Valcarcel-Saldaña, Ysabel Esthefany Alejos Bermúdez, Juan Carpio, Walter Ruiz Panez, Pedro Angel Toribio Orbegozo, Carolina Guzmán Dueñas, Kevin Turpo Espinoza, Ana Maria Sandoval Barrantes, Jorge Armando Chungui Bravo, Lorena Fuentes-Rivera, Carmen Fernández, Bárbara Málaga, Joselyn Ye, Ricardo Velasquez, Jannin Salcedo, Ana Lucia Contreras-Vergara, Angelica Genoveva Vergara Mejia, Maria Soledad Gonzales Montejo, Marilia Del Carmen Escalante Salas, Willy Alcca Ticona, Marvin Vargas, George Christian Manrique Sila, Robinson Mas, Arazzelly del Pilar Paucar, Armando José Román Velásquez, Alina Robledo-Rabanal, Ludwing Alexander Zeta Solis, Kenny Turpo Espinoza, José Luis Hamasaki Hamaguchi, Erick Samuel Florez Farfan, Linda Alvi Madrid Barrientos, Juan Jaime Herrera Matta, John Jemuel V. Mora, Menold Archee P. Redota, Manuel Francisco Roxas, Maria Jesusa B. Maño, Marie Dione Parreno-Sacdalan, Christel Leanne Almanon, Maciej Walędziak, Rafał Roszkowski, Michał Janik, Anna Lasek, Dorota Radkowiak, Mateusz Rubinkiewicz, Cristina Fernandes, Jose Costa-Maia, Renato Melo, Liviu Muntean, Aurel Sandu Mironescu, Lucian Corneliu Vida, Mariuca Popa, Hogea Mircea, Mihaela Vartic, Bogdan Diaconescu, Matei Razvan Bratu, Ionut Negoi, Mircea Beuran, Cezar Ciubotaru, Norbert Uzabumwana, Dieudonne Duhoranenayo, Elio Jovine, Nicola Zanini, Giovanni Landolfo, Murad Aljiffry, Faisal Idris, Mohammed Saleh A. Alghamdi, Ashraf Maghrabi, Abdulmalik Altaf, Aroub Alkaaki, Ahmad Khoja, Abrar Nawawi, Sondos Turkustani, Eyad Khalifah, Adel Albiety, Sarah Sahel, Reham Alshareef, Mohammed Najjar, Ahmed Alzahrani, Ahmed Alghamdi, Wedyan Alhazmi, Ghiath Al Saied, Mohammed Alamoudi, Muhammed Masood Riaz, Mazen Hassanain, Basmah Alhassan, Abdullah Altamimi, Reem Alyahya, Norah Al Subaie, Fatema Al Bastawis, Afnan Altamimi, Thamer Nouh, Roaa Khan, Milan Radojkovic, Ljiljana Jeremic, Milica Nestorovic, Jia Hao Law, Keith Say Kwang Tan, Ryan Choon Kiat Tan, Joel Kin Tan, Lau Wen Liang Joel, Xue Wei Chan, Faith Qi Hui Leong, Choon Seng Chong, Sharon Koh, Kai Yin Lee, Kuok Chung Lee, Kent Pluke, Britta Dedekind, Puyearashid Nashidengo, Mark Ian Hampton, Johanna Joosten, Sanju Sobnach, Liana Roodt, Anthony Sander, James Pape, Niveshni Maistry, Phumudzo Ndwambi, Kamau Kinandu, Myint Tun, Frederick Du Toit, Quinn Ellison, D.C. Grobler, Sule Burger, Lawrence Bongani Khulu, Rachel Moore, Vicky Jennings, Astrid Leusink, Nazmie Kariem, Juan Gouws, Kathryn Chu, Heather Bougard, Fazlin Noor, Angela Dell, Stephanie Van Straten, Arvin Khamajeet, Serge Kapenda Tshisola, Kalangu Kabongo, Victor Kong, Yoshan Moodley, Frank Anderson, Thandinkosi Madiba, Flip du Plooy, Leila Hartford, Gareth Chilton, Parveen Karjiker, Matlou Ernest Mabitsela, Sibongile Ruth Ndlovu, Maria Badicel, Robert Jaich, Jaime Ruiz-Tovar, Luis Garcia-Florez, Jorge L. Otero-Díez, Virginia Ramos Pérez, Nuria Aguado Suárez, Javier Minguez García, Sara Corral Moreno, Maria Vicenta Collado, Virginia Jiménez Carneros, Javier García Septiem, Mariana Gonzalez, Antonio Picardo, Enrique Esteban, Esther Ferrero, Eloy Espin-Basany, Ruth Blanco-Colino, Valeria Andriola, Lorena Solar García, Elisa Contreras, Carmen García Bernardo, Janet Pagnozzi, Sandra Sanz, Alberto Miyar de León, Asnel Dorismé, Joseluis Rodicio, Aida Suarez, Jessica Stuva, Tamara Diaz Vico, Laura Fernandez-Vega, Carla Soldevila-Verdeguer, Fatima Sena-Ruiz, Natalia Pujol-Cano, Paula Diaz-Jover, José Maria Garcia-Perez, Juan Jose Segura-Sampedro, Cristina Pineño-Flores, David Ambrona-Zafra, Andrea Craus-Miguel, Patricia Jimenez-Morillas, Angela Mazzella, A.B. Jayathilake, S.P.B. Thalgaspitiya, L.S. Wijayarathna, P.M.S.N. Wimalge, Hakeem Ayomi Sanni, Ogheneochuko Okenabirhie, Anmar Homeida, Abobaker Younis, Omer Abdelbagi Omer, Mustafa Abdulaziz, Ali Mussad, Ali Adam, Ida Björklund, Sandra Ahlqvist, Anders Thorell, Fredrik Wogensen, Arestis Sokratous, Michaela Breistrand, Hildur Thorarinsdottir, Johanna Sigurdadottir, Maziar Nikberg, Abbas Chabok, Maria Hjertberg, Peter Elbe, Deborah Saraste, Wiktor Rutkowski, Louise Forlin, Karoliina Niska, Malin Sund, Dennis Oswald, Georgios Peros, Rafael Bluelle, Katharina Reinisch, Daniel Frey, Adrian Palma, Dimitri Aristotle Raptis, Lucius Zumbühl, Markus Zuber, Roger Schmid, Gabriela Werder, Antonio Nocito, Alexandra Gerosa, Silke Mahanty, Lukas Werner Widmer, Julia Müller, Alissa Gübeli, Grzegorz Zuk, Osman Bilgin Gulcicek, Talar Vartanoglu, Emin Kose, Servet Rustu Karahan, Mehmet Can Aydin, Nuri Alper Sahbaz, Ilkay Halicioglu, Halil Alis, Ipek Sapci, Can Adıyaman, Ahmet Murat Pektaş, Turgut Bora Cengiz, Ilkan Tansoker, Vedatcan Işler, Muazzez Cevik, Deniz Mutlu, Volkan Ozben, Berk Baris Ozmen, Sefa Bayram, Sinem Yolcu, Berna Buse Kobal, Ömer Faruk Toto, Haluk Cem Çakaloğlu, Kagan Karabulut, Vahit Mutlu, Bahar Busra Ozkan, Saban Celik, Anil Semiz, Selim Bodur, Enisburak Gül, Busra Murutoglu, Reyyan Yildirim, Bahadir Emre Baki, Ekin Arslan, Mehmet Ulusahin, Ali Guner, Nathan Walker, Nikhita Shrimanker, Simon Cole, Ryan Breslin, Ravi Srinivasan, Mohamed Elshaer, Kristina Hunter, Ahmed Al-Bahrani, Ignatius Liew, Nora Grace Mairs, Alistair Rocke, Lachlan Dick, Mobeen Qureshi, Debkumar Chowdhury, Naomi Wright, Clare Skerritt, Dorothy Kufeji, Adrienne Ho, Tharindra Dissanayake, Athula Tennakoon, Wadah Ali, Shujing Jane Lim, Charlene Tan, Stephen O'Neill, Catrin Jones, Stephen Knight, Dima Nassif, Abhishek Sharma, Oliver Warren, Rebecca White, Aia Mehdi, Nathan Post, Eliana Kalakouti, Enkhbat Dashnyam, Frederick Stourton, Ioannis Mykoniatis, Chelise Currow, Francisca Wong, Ashish Gupta, Veeranna Shatkar, Joshua Luck, Suraj Kadiwar, Alexander Smedley, Rebecca Wakefield, Philip Herrod, James Blackwell, Jonathan Lund, Fraser Cohen, Ashwath Bandi, Stefano Giuliani, Giles Bond-Smith, Theodore Pezas, Neda Farhangmehr, Tomas Urbonas, Miklos Perenyei, Philip Ireland, Natalie Blencowe, Kirk Bowling, David Bunting, Lydia Longstaff, Kenneth Keogh, Hyunjin Jeon, Muhammad Rafaih Iqbal, Shivun Khosla, Anna Jeffery, James Perera, Ahmad Aboelkassem Ibrahem, Tariq Alhammali, Yahya Salama, Shaun Oram, Thomas Kidd, Fraser Cullen, Christopher Owen, Michael Wilson, Seehui Chiu, Hannah Sarafilovic, Jennifer Ploski, Elizabeth Evans, Athar Abbas, Sylvia Kamya, Norzawani Ishak, Carly Bisset, Cedar Andress, Ye Ru Chin, Priya Patel, David Evans, Aidan Haslegrave, Adam Boggon, Kirsten Laurie, Katie Connor, Thomas Mann, Anahita Mansuri, Rachel Davies, Ewen Griffiths, Aized Raza Shahbaz, Calvin Eng, Farhat Din, Ariadne L'Heveder, Esther H.G. Park, Ramanish Ravishankar, Kirsten McIntosh, Jih Dar Yau, Luke Chan, Susan McGarvie, Lingshan Tang, Hui Lim, Suhhuey Yap, Jay Park, Zhan Herr Ng, Shahrukh Mirza, Yun Lin Ang, Luke Walls, Chloe Roy, Simon Paterson-Brown, Julian Camilleri-Brennan, Kenneth Mclean, Michelle S. D'Souza, Savva Pronin, David Ewart Henshall, Eunice Zuling Ter, Dina Fouad, Ashish Minocha, William English, Catrin Morgan, Dominic Townsend, Laura Maciejec, Shareef Mahdi, Onyinye Akpenyi, Elisabeth Hall, Hanaan Caydiid, Zakaria Rob, Tom Abbott, Hew D. Torrance, Robin Johnston, Mohammed Akil Gani, Gianpiero Gravante, Shivanchan Rajmohan, Kiran Majid, Shiva Dindyal, Christopher Smith, Madanmohan Palliyil, Sanjay Patel, Luke Nicholson, Neil Harvey, Katie Baillie, Sam Shillito, Suzanne Kershaw, Rebecca Bamford, Peter Orton, Elke Reunis, Robert Tyler, Wai Cheong Soon, Guled M. Jama, Dharminder Dhillon, Khyati Patel, Shayanthan Nanthakumaran, Rachel Heard, Kar Yan Chen, Behrad Barmayehvar, Uttaran Datta, Sivesh K. Kamarajah, Sharad Karandikar, Sobhana Iftekhar Tani, Eimear Monaghan, Philippa Donnelly, Michael Walker, Jehangirshaw Parakh, Sarah Blacker, Anil Kaul, Arjun Paramasivan, Sameh Farag, Ashrafun Nessa, Salwa Awadallah, Jieqi Lim, James Chean Khun Ng, Ravi P. Kiran, Alice Murray, Eric Etchill, Mohini Dasari, Juan Puyana, Nadeem Haddad, Martin Zielinski, Asad Choudhry, Celeste Caliman, Mieshia Beamon, Therese Duane, Mamta Swaroop, Jonathan Myers, Rebecca Deal, Erik Schadde, Mark Hemmila, Lena Napolitano, Kathleen To, Alex Makupe, Joseph Musowoya, Niels Van Der Naald, Dayson Kumwenda, Alex Reece-Smith, Kars Otten, Anna Verbeek, Marloes Prins, Alibeth Andres Baquero Suarez, Ruben Balmaceda, Chelsea Deane, Emilio Dijan, Mahmoud Elfiky, Laura Koskenvuo, Aurore Thollot, Bernard Limoges, Carmen Capito, Challine Alexandre, Henri Kotobi, Julien Leroux, Kalitha Pinnagoda, Nicolas Henric, Olivier Azzis, Olivier Rosello, Poddevin Francois, Sara Etienne, Philippe Buisson, Sophian Hmila, Joe-Nat Clegg-Lamptey, Osman Imoro, Owusu Emmanuel Abem, Dimitrios Papageorgiou, Vasiliki Soulou, Sabrina Asturias, Lenin Peña, Donal B. O’Connor, Alberto Realis Luc, Alfio Alessandro Russo, Andrea Ruzzenente, Antonio Taddei, Camilla Cona, Corrado Bottini, Giovanni Pascale, Giuseppe Rotunno, Leonardo Solaini, Marco Maria Pascale, Margherita Notarnicola, Mario Corbellino, Michele Sacco, Paolo Ubiali, Roberto Cautiero, Tommaso Bocchetti, Elena Muzio, Vania Guglielmo, Eugenio Morandi, Patrizio Mao, Emilia De Luca, Farah Mahmoud Ali, Justas Žilinskas, Kestutis Strupas, Paulius Kondrotas, Robertas Baltrunas, Juozas Kutkevicius, Povilas Ignatavicius, Choy Ling Tan, Jia Yng Siaw, Sir Young Yam, Ling Wilson, Mohamed Rezal Abdul Aziz, John Bondin, Carmina Diaz Zorrilla, Anass Majbar, Danjuma Sale, Lawal Abdullahi, Olabisi Osagie, Omolara Faboya, Adedeji Fatuga, Agboola Taiwo, Emeka Nwabuoku, Marte Bliksøen, Zain Ali Khan, Jazmin Coronel, Cesar Miranda, Idelso Vasquez, Luis M. Helguero-Santin, Jennifer Rickard, Adesina Adedeji, Saleh Alqahtani, Max Rath, Michael Van Niekerk, Modise Zacharia Koto, Roel Matos-Puig, Leif Israelsson, Tobias Schuetz, Mahmut Arif Yuksek, Meric Mericliler, Mehmet Uluşahin, Bernhard Wolf, Cameron Fairfield, Guo Liang Yong, Katharine Whitehurst, Natalie Redgrave, Caroluce K. Musyoka, James Olivier, Kathryn Lee, Michael Cox, Muhamed M.H. Farhan-Alanie, Rory Callan, Chali Chibuye, Tebian Hassanein Ahmed Ali, Syrine Rekhis, Muna Rommaneh, Zi Hao Sam, Thays Brunelli Pugliesi, Gabriel Pardo, and Ruth Blanco

Subjects
abdominal surgery, cost-effectiveness analysis, global surgery, high fraction of inspired oxygen, low-and middle-income countries, surgical site infection, Anesthesiology, RD78.3-87.3
Abstract

Background: This study assessed the potential cost-effectiveness of high (80–100%) vs low (21–35%) fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) at preventing surgical site infections (SSIs) after abdominal surgery in Nigeria, India, and South Africa. Methods: Decision-analytic models were constructed using best available evidence sourced from unbundled data of an ongoing pilot trial assessing the effectiveness of high FiO2, published literature, and a cost survey in Nigeria, India, and South Africa. Effectiveness was measured as percentage of SSIs at 30 days after surgery, a healthcare perspective was adopted, and costs were reported in US dollars ($). Results: High FiO2 may be cost-effective (cheaper and effective). In Nigeria, the average cost for high FiO2 was $216 compared with $222 for low FiO2 leading to a −$6 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −$13 to −$1) difference in costs. In India, the average cost for high FiO2 was $184 compared with $195 for low FiO2 leading to a −$11 (95% CI: −$15 to −$6) difference in costs. In South Africa, the average cost for high FiO2 was $1164 compared with $1257 for low FiO2 leading to a −$93 (95% CI: −$132 to −$65) difference in costs. The high FiO2 arm had few SSIs, 7.33% compared with 8.38% for low FiO2, leading to a −1.05 (95% CI: −1.14 to −0.90) percentage point reduction in SSIs. Conclusion: High FiO2 could be cost-effective at preventing SSIs in the three countries but further data from large clinical trials are required to confirm this.

Published
2023
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16. Pulmonary hypertension in patients with multiple myeloma: A comprehensive review

Author

Veeranna Maddipati, Pratyaksha Sankhyan, Durga P. Goswami, and Akhilesh Mahajan

Subjects
chemotherapy, drug induced, multiple myeloma, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary vasodilators, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701, Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779
Abstract

Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) is a common hematological malignancy resulting from clonal proliferation of plasma cells and is defined by criteria set forth by the international myeloma working group. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is defined by an elevated mean pulmonary artery pressure >20 mmHg measured during right heart catheterization. Echocardiography‐diagnosed PH is relatively common in patients with MM and has been associated with increased mortality, morbidity, and poor stem cell transplant outcomes. PH in patients with MM (PH‐MM) is usually multifactorial in origin. MM disease‐specific factors, host comorbidities, and treatment‐related adverse effects are the key factors for the development of PH‐MM. Pragmatically, patients with PH‐MM can be grouped into either (i) PH in patients with a new diagnosis of MM or (ii) PH that develops or worsens along the way of MM treatment. In the latter group, drug‐induced PH, venous thromboembolism, pulmonary veno occlusive disease, and cardiotoxicity should be considered as possible causes. PH‐MM should be evaluated and managed in a multidisciplinary setting. Select individuals with PH‐MM could be considered for pulmonary vasodilators at PH‐specialized centers.

Published
2023
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17. Frictional melanosis and macular amyloidosis – exploring the link

Author

Ashwini Padubidri Kombettu, Chethana Gurumurthy, Vinutha Rangappa, and Veeranna Shastry

Subjects
cutaneous amyloidosis, frictional melanosis, macular amyloidosis, Dermatology, RL1-803
Abstract

Frictional melanosis is a condition that is often encountered in dermatology practice. The acquired pigmentary disorder has clinical similarity to the condition termed macular amyloidosis. These two entities have etiological-epidemiological and clinical overlap. Dermoscopy and histopathology can demonstrate subtle differences. The review is an attempt to understand the different etiological aspects proposed for these conditions. We discuss the clinical features of the two conditions, dermoscopic features and histopathological changes. It is imperative for dermatologists to be aware of the similarities and the differences between the two entities for their better management.

Published
2022
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18. Impact of COVID-19 on Surgical Service Provision, Medical Staffing and Training at a Large Acute NHS Trust in the United Kingdom

Author

Rashi Mane, Sandeep Kaul, and Veeranna Shatkar

Subjects
covid19, general surgery, management, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Introduction:The COVID-19 Pandemic has been widely accepted as a challenging period for the medical community. The impact of the virus posed challenges on the surgical service provisions in the General Surgery department at a large acute NHS trust. The department learnt to adapt to the challenges and changes in the system which can be summarised into 4 phases, ‘Alarm’, ‘Resuscitation’, ‘Stabilisation’ and ‘Adaption’.Materials and Methods: The General Surgical department implemented a ‘Gold Command’, ‘Silver Command’ and ‘Platinum Command’ hierarchal system as a systematic method to make decisions to implement change. To assess the outcomes, electronic records were reviewed for number of NCEPOD cases, emergency laparotomies, elective surgeries that took place over the trust and these were compared at each phase.Results: Between 26/03/20-30/09/20 a total of 1578 surgeries took place, of which 869(55.1%) were emergency operations, from that 152(17.5%) were emergency laparotomies. 709(45.9%) were elective operations, 197(27.8%) performed at the satellite hospitals, 468(66.0%) performed at King George’s hospital and 44(6.2%) at Queen’s Hospital. Conclusion:The BHRUT General Surgery Department has successfully implemented a system to work through the pandemic to minimise its effects on surgical provisions. This template can act as a guide to nationwide hospitals if ever faced again with a similar challenge.

Published
2022
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19. Effect of zinc and silicon nanoparticles on yield, quality and economics of lowland paddy

Author

Soumya Karchedu, Girijesh Gubbi Koteodayar, Sarvajna Basavarajayya Salimath, Veeranna Hanchinmani, and Dushyanthkumar Banur Marulasiddappa

Subjects
Foliar application, Nano zinc and silicon, Rice, SEM, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

An investigation to know the effect of nano zinc and silicon on quality and yield of rice was conducted at AHRS, Bavikere, KSNUAHS, Shivamogga. The experiment consisted 12 treatments replicated thrice and was laid in completely randomized block design. The different treatment combinations of seed treatment of nano zinc and silicon, foliar spray of zinc and silicon nanoparticles were compared with conventional sources and the control. Application of both zinc and silicon (T6) in nano form as foliar @ 40 ppm each at 40 DAT registered significantly higher no. of productive tillers (18.72), protein content (11.41 %), starch content (75.70 %) grain yield (6034 kg/ha), straw yield (6693 kg/ha) with higher economic net returns (98631 Rs ha-1), foliar spray of zinc nano particles alone @ 40 ppm at 40 DAT showed next best results.

Published
2023
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20. Impact of elevated CO2 on feeding potential of wolf spider against brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens)

Author

VEERANNA DARAVATH and SUBHASH CHANDER

Subjects
Biological control, Brown planthopper, Elevated CO2, Rice, Spiders, Agriculture
Abstract

An experiment was conducted at Department of Entomology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi during 2015–16 and 2016–17 to study the impact of elevated CO2 on functional response of wolf spider, Pardosa pseudoannulata (Boesenberg and Strand, 1906) against brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal, 1854) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). Spider feeding rate on BPH was higher in jar arena compared to microcosm arena both under ambient CO2 and elevated CO2 conditions. Regression of number of attacked prey (1/Ha) upon prey density per unit area (H) over time duration of experiment (T) in microcosm and in jar arena under ambient and elevated CO2 revealed type II functional response. Attack rate, maximum attack rate and efficiency parameters were higher and handling time was lower in both jar arena and microcosm under elevated CO2 condition compared to ambient CO2 condition. Simultaneously, predators might have consumed more number of preys due to their poor nutrient quality under elevated CO2 compared to ambient CO2. It was revealed that with increase of predator density within the same prey density in same area under both ambient and elevated CO2 conditions, the prey control might have optimized. This information generated would support the planthopper management by regulating predator number for increased predator efficiency.

Published
2022
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23. Molecular modelling and simulation techniques to investigate the effects of fungal metabolites on the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp protein inhibition

Author

Uday M. Muddapur, Shrikanth Badiger, Ibrahim Ahmed Shaikh, Mohammed M. Ghoneim, Saleh A. Alshamrani, Mater H. Mahnashi, Fahad Alsaikhan, Mohamed El-Sherbiny, Rasha Hamed Al-Serwi, Aejaz Abdul Latif Khan, Basheerahmed Abdulaziz Mannasaheb, Amal Bahafi, S.M. Shakeel Iqubal, Touseef Begum, Helen Suban Mohammed Gouse, Tasneem Mohammed, and Veeranna S. Hombalimath

Subjects
SARS-CoV-2, RdRp, Insilico molecular docking analysis, Molecular dynamics simulation, ADMET analysis, Fungal metabolites, Science (General), Q1-390
Abstract

Various protein/receptor targets have been discovered through in-silico research. They are expanding rapidly due to their extensive advantage of delivering new drug candidates more quickly, efficiently, and at a lower cost. The automation of organic synthesis and biochemical screening will lead to a revolution in the entire research arena in drug discovery. In this research article, a few fungal metabolites were examined through an in-silico approach which involves major steps such as (a) Molecular Docking Analysis, (b) Drug likeness and ADMET studies, and (c) Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Fungal metabolites were taken from Antibiotic Database which showed antiviral effects on severe viral diseases such as HIV. Docking, Lipinski's, and ADMET analyses investigated the binding affinity and toxicity of five metabolites: Chromophilone I, iso; F13459; Stachyflin, acetyl; A-108836; Integracide A (A-108835). Chromophilone I, iso was subjected to additional analysis, including a 50 ns MD simulation of the protein to assess the occurring alterations. This molecule's docking data shows that it had the highest binding affinity. ADMET research revealed that the ligand might be employed as an oral medication. MD simulation revealed that the ligand–protein interaction was stable. Finally, this ligand can be exploited to develop SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic options. Fungal metabolites that have been studied could be a potential source for future lead candidates. Further study of these molecules may result in creating an antiviral drug to battle the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Published
2022
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24. Segmental zoster paresis of lower thoracic segment presenting as pseudohernia—A report of three cases

Author

Veeranna Shastry, P.S.S Ranugha, R Vinutha, and S Pratheeksha

Subjects
herpes zoster, pseudohernia, segmental zoster paresis, Dermatology, RL1-803
Abstract

Segmental zoster paresis is characterized by focal motor weakness affecting the myotome corresponding to the dermatomal distribution of the rash. Clinically, it presents as pseudohernia when it involves abdominal wall muscles. We report three cases of segmental zoster paresis presenting as pseudohernia of abdominal wall. All patients developed asymptomatic bulge in anterolateral side of abdomen between 10 and 15 days after appearance of vesicles. All patients developed post-herpetic neuralgia. One patient developed pseudo-obstruction of colon due to visceral involvement. Segmental zoster paresis of lower thoracic spinal segment often goes unnoticed due to its asymptomatic nature.

Published
2021
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25. Bioengineering to Accelerate Biodiesel Production for a Sustainable Biorefinery

Author

Dheeraj Rathore, Surajbhan Sevda, Shiv Prasad, Veluswamy Venkatramanan, Anuj Kumar Chandel, Rupam Kataki, Sudipa Bhadra, Veeranna Channashettar, Neelam Bora, and Anoop Singh

Subjects
biodiesel, bioengineering, biorefinery, waste, valorization, life cycle assessment, Technology, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Biodiesel is an alternative, carbon-neutral fuel compared to fossil-based diesel, which can reduce greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions. Biodiesel is a product of microorganisms, crop plants, and animal-based oil and has the potential to prosper as a sustainable and renewable energy source and tackle growing energy problems. Biodiesel has a similar composition and combustion properties to fossil diesel and thus can be directly used in internal combustion engines as an energy source at the commercial level. Since biodiesel produced using edible/non-edible crops raises concerns about food vs. fuel, high production cost, monocropping crisis, and unintended environmental effects, such as land utilization patterns, it is essential to explore new approaches, feedstock and technologies to advance the production of biodiesel and maintain its sustainability. Adopting bioengineering methods to produce biodiesel from various sources such as crop plants, yeast, algae, and plant-based waste is one of the recent technologies, which could act as a promising alternative for creating genuinely sustainable, technically feasible, and cost-competitive biodiesel. Advancements in genetic engineering have enhanced lipid production in cellulosic crops and it can be used for biodiesel generation. Bioengineering intervention to produce lipids/fat/oil (TGA) and further their chemical or enzymatic transesterification to accelerate biodiesel production has a great future. Additionally, the valorization of waste and adoption of the biorefinery concept for biodiesel production would make it eco-friendly, cost-effective, energy positive, sustainable and fit for commercialization. A life cycle assessment will not only provide a better understanding of the various approaches for biodiesel production and waste valorization in the biorefinery model to identify the best technique for the production of sustainable biodiesel, but also show a path to draw a new policy for the adoption and commercialization of biodiesel.

Published
2022
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27. Association of acanthosis Nigricans and insulin resistance in indian children and youth – A HOMA2-IR based cross-sectional study

Author

T M Nithun, P. S. S Ranugha, Jayadev B Betkerur, and Veeranna Shastry

Subjects
Acanthosis nigricans, HOMA2-IR, insulin resistance, Dermatology, RL1-803
Abstract

Introduction: The American Diabetes Association includes acanthosis nigricans (AN) as an indicator of diabetes mellitus risk in overweight youth entering puberty. Some argue that AN is not an independent predictor of insulin resistance (IR), when body mass index (BMI) is controlled for. There is a paucity of studies on the association of AN and IR among children and young adults from India. Homeostatic model assessment-IR (HOMA2-IR), a computerized updated model, which is supposed to be superior to HOMA1-IR, has rarely been used for quantification of IR. Methods: Sixty cases (irrespective of BMI), aged 2–24 years with AN, and 30 age- and sex-matched normal weight controls were included. A thorough clinical examination and grading of AN was done. BMI, fasting glucose levels, and fasting insulin levels were measured for all. HOMA-IR calculator V.2.2.3 was used to calculate IR. Those with HOMA 2-IR >1.8 were considered insulin-resistant. Lifestyle modifications were advised for patients with IR. Results: The mean HOMA2-IR value in cases and controls was 2.422 and 1.322, respectively, which was statistically significant. Overweight and obese cases had 2.5 and 11.25 times higher risk of having IR, respectively, by logistic regression. The association of AN with IR was found to be statistically significant in normal weight cases when compared with controls (P = 0.045). Grade 4 of neck severity (P = 0.007), Grade 3 of neck texture (P = 0.001), and Grade 4 of axillary severity (P = 0.001) of AN were found to be significantly associated with IR. Limitations: The relatively small sample size may not reflect the accuracy of AN as a marker of IR. Conclusion: Acanthosis nigricans is associated with IR in both normal and obese. We propose that all children, adolescents, and youth with AN be screened for IR irrespective of BMI. Early identification and prompt lifestyle interventions may prevent or delay the onset of diabetes later.

Published
2019
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28. Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs among 12-15 years old school children in Patna, Eastern India

Author

Rana N P Singh, Ajoy K Shahi, Veeranna Ramesh, Swati Sharma, Sandeep Kumar, and Subhash Chandra

Subjects
DAI Index, malocclusion, school children, Medicine
Abstract

Context: The people around the world are concerned about the aesthetic oral-facial structures as it is more important in interpersonal interactions and dictates vocal, physical, and emotional communication. Aims: The present study was conducted to assess the severity of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need among 12-15-year-old school children of Patna, Eastern India. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study design was used to assess the severity of malocclusion using Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) index among 12-15-year-old school-going children. Methods and Material: A specially prepared and pretested format, exclusively designed for recording all the required and relevant general information and other clinical findings was used in the study. The sample size consisted of 902 children from middle schools (Government and Private) in Patna. Statistical Analysis Used: Chi-square test was done for the categorical data to compare differences between two independent groups. Data were presented as Mean ± SD and “P” value of less than 0.05 was accepted as indicating significance. Results: Around 5.3% had a DAI score of ≤25 which signifies that there is “no abnormality or may have minor malocclusion”; 15.3% had a DAI score of 26-30 which signifies that there is “definite malocclusion”; 6% had a DAI score of 31-35 which signifies that there is “severe malocclusion” and 4% had a DAI score of ≥36 which signifies that there is “very severe or handicapping malocclusion”. The finding was more commonly seen among 14 years age group. Conclusions: It can be concluded from the present study that the prevalence of malocclusion is reasonable high in this part of the region, and it is very important to bring in more awareness at the school level as primary prevention can be the most effective tool in control this menace.

Published
2019
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29. Sustainable Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Raphanus sativus Extract and Its Biomedical Applications

Author

Ahmed Abdullah Al Awadh, Anil R. Shet, Laxmikant R. Patil, Ibrahim Ahmed Shaikh, Mohammed Merae Alshahrani, Roshan Nadaf, Mater H. Mahnashi, Shivalingsarj V. Desai, Uday M. Muddapur, Sharanappa Achappa, Veeranna S. Hombalimath, Aejaz Abdullatif Khan, Helen Suban Mohammed Gouse, S. M. Shakeel Iqubal, and Vijay Kumbar

Subjects
green synthesis, zinc oxide nanoparticles, Raphanus sativus, MCF-7, apoptosis, antibacterial, Crystallography, QD901-999
Abstract

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnONPs) are one of the most widely used metal oxide nanoparticles in biological applications because of their outstanding biocompatibility, affordability, and low toxicity. In biomedicine, ZnONPs have shown promise, particularly in the disciplines of anticancer and antibacterial fields. In comparison to other standard synthesis methods, the environmentally-friendly synthesis of metallic nanoparticles utilizing various plant extracts is a good option. The current research focuses on the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) from R. sativus leaf extract under various physical conditions (Precipitation method). Analytical methods were used to confirm and characterize the produced ZnONPs. The spherical nature of the produced nanoparticles was established by SEM analysis. The generation of very pure ZnONPs was confirmed by EDS data. The crystalline nature of the produced nanoparticles, with a particle size of 66.47 nm, was confirmed by XRD. The XRD graphs’ presence of the (100), (002), and (101) planes strongly suggest the production of wurtzite ZnO. The visual and infrared area exhibits transmissions of 84 percent in the pH 10 nanoparticles. The band gap of the nanoparticles increases from 3.34 to 3.38 eV when the pH increases. These nanoparticles were effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The effect of several process parameters such as pH and temperature were investigated, and the best conditions were discovered to be pH 12 and 80 °C, respectively. The effect of ZnONPs was tested with human breast cancer cells (MCF-7), and they showed significant cytotoxic results. Collectively, our data suggest that ZnONPs of R. sativus leaf extract inhibit breast cancer cell lines. The ZnONPs are, therefore, a prospective source of chemopreventive drugs that merit additional exploration in order to uncover lead compounds with cancer chemotherapeutic potential.

Published
2022
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30. Mitomycin induced pulmonary veno-occlusive disease

Author

Afua Kunadu, J. Stephen Stalls, Heloise Labuschagne, Abdullah Thayyil, Randall Falls, and Veeranna Maddipati

Subjects
Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease, Pulmonary arterial hypertension, Pulmonary hypertension, Pulmonary vasodilators, Mitomycin-C, Respiratory failure, Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779
Abstract

Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) is a rare but devastating cause of pulmonary hypertension (PH) characterized by preferential remodeling of the pulmonary venules.Mitomycin-C (MMC) is an alkylating agent commonly used in chemotherapy with documented lung toxicity as well as PVOD adverse effect. The incidence of PVOD in patients with anal cancer is much higher than in those with idiopathic PVOD, especially following treatment with MMC. An accurate diagnosis of PVOD can be made based on noninvasive investigations utilizing oxygen parameters, low diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide and characteristic signs on high-resolution computed tomography of the chest. No evidence-based medical therapy exists for PVOD at present and lung transplant remains the preferred definitive therapy for eligible patients. We present a case of autopsy confirmed MMC induced PVOD in a patient with metastatic anal cancer.

Published
2021
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36. Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in children: an international, multicentre, prospective cohort study

Author

Nebyou Seyoum, Ville Sallinen, Ari Leppäniemi, Andrea Belli, Clare Skerritt, Naomi Wright, Savva Pronin, Azmina Verjee, Oliver Warren, Michele Sacco, Arnav Agarwal, Simon Paterson-Brown, David Evans, Philip Choi, Ashish Gupta, Jonathan Myers, Victor Kong, Michael Wilson, Ewen M Harrison, Mircea Beuran, Ionut Negoi, Zahra Jaffry, Leonardo Solaini, Thomas M Drake, Sara W Al-Saqqa, Sule Burger, Kathryn Chu, Dhruv Ghosh, Hosni Khairy Salem, Marie Carmela Lapitan, Ismail Lawani, Maria Lorena Aguilera, Mayaba Maimbo, Alex Makupe, Vanessa Msosa, Alphonse Zeta Mutabazi, Riinu Ots, Ahmad Uzair Qureshi, Sarah Rayne, Marie Dione Parreno-Sacdalan, Richard Spence, Richard Lilford, Tom Abbott, Gehad Tawfik, Sebastian King, Alexia Farrugia, Jay Park, Abhishek Sharma, Augusto Zani, Christopher Smith, Jonathan Lund, Stefano Giuliani, John Whitaker, Elaine Borg, Alexis Arnaud, Esther Ferrero, Andrea Ruzzenente, Jennifer Rickard, Yousef Abuowda, Enas Alaloul, Natalie Blencowe, Sanjay Patel, Mark Ian Hampton, Ewen Griffiths, André L Mihaljevic, Elizabeth Evans, Catherine A Shaw, Jennifer Ploski, Mengistu Worku, Ashish Minocha, Shiva Dindyal, Midhun Mohan, Dina Fouad, Christopher Owen, Priya Patel, Sunil Kumar, James Yang, Kevin C Conlon, Sandro Pasquali, Mohamed Mostafa, Yoshan Moodley, Kathryn Lee, Gareth Irwin, Kjetil Søreide, Catrin Morgan, Ruth Blanco-Colino, Francesco Pata, Gianluca Pellino, Luke Nicholson, Taiwo Lawal, Omolara Williams, Andrey Litvin, Elodie Haraux, James Olivier, Michael Stoddart, Rebecca White, Luigi Bonavina, Chetan Khatri, Stephen O'Neill, Roger Schmid, Stephen Knight, Ahmed Soliman, Carly Bisset, Robert Parker, Rakan Kabariti, Joshua Luck, Guo Liang Yong, Tanzeela Gala, David Bunting, Lydia Longstaff, Ye Ru Chin, J Edward Fitzgerald, Giuliano Borda-Luque, Ainhoa Costas-Chavarri, Stuart J Fergusson, Anyomih Theophilus Teddy Kojo, Adewale O Adisa, Tomas Poškus, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina, Sebastian Shu, Afnan Altamini, Andrew Kirby, Gustavo Recinos, Jen Cornick, Maria Marta Modolo, Sayeda Nazmum Nahar, Ade Waterman, Ismail Lawini, Mohammed Firdouse, Tyler Rouse, Qinyang Liu, Juan Camilo Correa, Peep Talving, Dushyant Iyer, Tom Arthur, MariaLorena Aguilera, Basant Kumar, Radhian Amandito, Roy Quek, Luca Ansaloni, Ahmed Altibi, Donatas Venskutonis, Justas Zilinskas, YongYong Tew, Ramos-DelaMedina Antonio, Zineb Bent, Ibrahim Al-Slaibi, Haya Tahboub, Osaid H Alser, Diego Romani, Sebestian Shu, Piotr Major, Aurel Mironescu, Matei Bratu, Amar Kourdouli, Saint Kitts, Mohammed Ubaid Alsaggaf, Ahmad Gudal, Al Faifi Jubran, Sierra Leone, Sam Seisay, Bettina Lieske, Irene Ortega, Jenifa Jeyakumar, Kithsiri Senanayake, Omar Abdulbagi, Yucel Cengiz, Dmitri Raptis, Yuksel Altinel, Chia Kong, Ella Teasdale, Sukrit Suresh, Katherine Gash, Mark Scott, Ragavan Narayanan, Besmir Grizhja, Shpetim Ymeri, Gezim Galiqi, Roberto Klappenbach, Diego Antezana, Alvaro Enrique MendozaBeleño, Cecilia Costa, Belen Sanchez, Susan Aviles, Claudio Gabriel Fermani, Rubén Balmaceda, Santiago Villalobos, Juan Manuel Carmona, Daniel Hamill, Peter Deutschmann, Simone Sandler, Daniel Cox, Ram Nataraja, Claire Sharpin, Damir Ljuhar, Demi Gray, Morgan Haines, Dush Iyer, Nithya Niranjan, Scott D'Amours, Morvarid Ashtari, Helena Franco, Ashrarur Rahman Mitul, Sabbir Karim, Nowrin F Aman, Mahnuma Mahfuz Estee, Umme Salma, Joyeta Razzaque, Tasnia Hamidkanta, Sayeedaaktar Tori, Md Shadid Alamin, Swapnil Roy, Md Shadid Al Amin, Muhtarima Haque, Amreen Faruq, Farhana Iftekhar Margaret, Greg Padmore O'Shea, Ramesh Jonnalagadda, Aliaksandr Filatau, Dzmitry Paulouski, Maryna Shubianok, Tatsiana Shachykava, Dzianis Khokha, Vladimir Khokha, Fernande Djivoh, Francis Dossou, Dansou Gaspard Gbessi, Bruno Noukpozounkou, Yacoubou Imorou Souaibou, Kpèmahouton René Keke, Fred Hodonou, Ernestyemalinstephane Ahounou, Thierry Alihonou, Max Dénakpo, Germain Ahlonsou, Alemayehu Ginbo Bedada, Carlos Nsengiyumva, Sandrine Kwizera, Venerand Barendegere, Simon Stock, Luai Jamal, Georges Azzie, Sameer Kushwaha, Tzu-Ling Chen, Chingwan Yip, Irene Montes, Felipe Zapata, Sebastian Sierra, Mohamed Youssef, Hossam Elfeki, Waleed Thabet, Aly Sanad, Ahmed Zaki, Noran Abdel-Hameed, Esraa Abd Elkhalek, Yehia Zakaria, Tarek Ezzat, Ali Abo ElDahab, Mohamed Kelany, Sara Arafa, OsamaMokhtar Mohamed Hassan, Nermin Mohamed Badwi, Ahmad Saber Sleem, Hussien Ahmed, Kholoud Abdelbadeai, Mohamed Abozed Abdullah, Muhammadamsyarauni Lokman, Suraya Bahar, Anan Radyabdelazeam, Abdelrahman Adelshone, Muhammad Bin Hasnan, Athirah Zulkifli, Siti NurAlia Kamarulzamil, Abdelaziz Elhendawy, Aliang Latif, Ahmad Bin Adnan, Shahadatul Shaharuddin, Aminah HanumHaji AbdulMajid, Mahmoud Amreia, Dina Al-Marakby, Mahmoud Salma, Mohamadjeffreybin Ismail, Elissa Rifhan MohdBasir, Citra Dewi MohdAli, Aya Yehia Ata, Maha Nasr, Asmaa Rezq, Ahmed Sheta, Sherif Tariq, Abdelkhalek Sallam, Abdelrhman KZ Darwish, Sohaila Elmihy, Shady El Hadry, Ahmed Farag, Haidar Hajah, Abdelaziz Seliem, Amro Aglan, Ahmed 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Ellison, DC Grobler, Lawrence Bongani Khulu, Vicky Jennings, Astrid Leusink, Nazmie Kariem, Juan Gouws, Heather Bougard, Fazlin Noor, Angela Dell, Stephanie Van Straten, Arvin Khamajeet, Serge Kapenda Tshisola, Kalangu Kabongo, Frank Anderson, Thandinkosi Madiba, Flip du Plooy, Leila Hartford, Gareth Chilton, Parveen Karjiker, Matlouernest Mabitsela, Sibongileruth Ndlovu, Maria Badicel, Robert Jaich, Jaime Ruiz-Tovar, Luis Garcia-Florez, Jorge L. Otero-Díez, Virginia Ramospérez, Nuria Aguadosuárez, Javier Minguez García, Sara Corral Moreno, Maria Vicenta Collado, Virginia Jiménez Carneros, Javier García Septiem, Mariana Gonzalez, Antonio Picardo, Enrique Esteban, Eloy Espin-Basany, Valeria Andriola, Lorena Solargarcía, Elisa Contreras, Carmen Garcíabernardo, Janet Pagnozzi, Sandra Sanz, Alberto Miyardeleón, Asnel Dorismé, Joseluis Rodicio, Aida Suarez, Jessica Stuva, Tamara Diazvico, Laura Fernandez-Vega, Carla Soldevila-Verdeguer, Fatima Sena-Ruiz, Natalia Pujol-Cano, Paula Diaz-Jover, José Maria Garcia-Perez, Juan Jose Segura-Sampedro, Cristina Pineño-Flores, David Ambrona-Zafra, Andrea Craus-Miguel, Patricia Jimenez-Morillas, Angela Mazzella, A.B Jayathilake, S.P.B Thalgaspitiya, L.S. Wijayarathna, P.M.S.N. Wimalge, Hakeem Ayomi Sanni, Aliyu Ndajiwo, Ogheneochuko Okenabirhie, Anmar Homeida, Abobaker Younis, Omer Abdelbagi Omer, Mustafa Abdulaziz, Ali Mussad, Ali M. Gilani, Ida Björklund, Sandra Ahlqvist, Anders Thorell, Fredrik Wogensen, Arestis Sokratous, Michaela Breistrand, Hildur Thorarinsdottir, Johanna Sigurdadottir, Maziar Nikberg, Maria Hjertberg, Peter Elbe, Deborah Saraste, Wiktor Rutkowski, Louise Forlin, Karoliina Niska, Malin Sund, Dennis Oswald, Georgios Peros, Rafael Bluelle, Katharina Reinisch, Daniel Frey, Adrian Palma, Dimitriaristotle Raptis, Lucius Zumbühl, Markus Zuber, Gabriela Werder, Antonio Nocito, Alexandra Gerosa, Silke Mahanty, Lukas Werner Widmer, Julia Müller, Alissa Gübeli, Grzegorz Zuk, Osman Bilgin Gulcicek, Talar Vartanoglu, Emin Kose, Servet Rustu Karahan, Mehmet Can Aydin, Nuri Alper Sahbaz, Ilkay Halicioglu, Halil Alis, Ipek Sapci, Can Adıyaman, Ahmet Murat Pektaş, Turgut Bora Cengiz, Ilkan Tansoker, Vedatcan Işler, Muazzez Cevik, Deniz Mutlu, Volkan Ozben, Berk Baris Ozmen, Sefa Bayram, Sinem Yolcu, Berna Buse Kobal, Ömer Faruk Toto, Haluk Cem Çakaloğlu, Kagan Karabulut, Vahit Mutlu, Bahar Busra Ozkan, Saban Celik, Anil Semiz, Selim Bodur, Enisburak Gül, Busra Murutoglu, Reyyan Yildirim, Bahadir Emre Baki, Ekin Arslan, Mehmet Ulusahin, Ali Guner, Nathan Walker, Nikhita Shrimanker, Simon Cole, Ryan Breslin, Ravi Srinivasan, Mohamed Elshaer, Kristina Hunter, Ahmed Al-Bahrani, Ignatius Liew, Nora Grace Mairs, Alistair Rocke, Lachlan Dick, Mobeen Qureshi, Debkumar Chowdhury, Adrienne Ho, Tharindra Dissanayake, Athula Tennakoon, Wadah Ali, Shujing Jane Lim, Charlene Tan, Catrin Jones, Dima Nassif, Aia Mehdi, Nathan Post, Eliana Kalakouti, Enkhbat Dashnyam, Frederick Stourton, Ioannis Mykoniatis, Chelise Currow, Francisca Wong, Veeranna Shatkar, Suraj Kadiwar, Alexander Smedley, Rebecca Wakefield, Philip Herrod, James Blackwell, Fraser Cohen, Ashwath Bandi, Giles Bond-Smith, Theodore Pezas, Neda Farhangmehr, Tomas Urbonas, Miklos Perenyei, Philip Ireland, Kirk Bowling, Kenneth Keogh, Hyunjin Jeon, Muhammad Rafaih Iqbal, Shivun Khosla, Anna Jeffery, James Perera, Ahmad Aboelkassem Ibrahem, Tariq Alhammali, Yahya Salama, Shaun Oram, Thomas Kidd, Fraser Cullen, Seehui Chiu, Hannah Sarafilovic, Athar Abbas, Sylvia Kamya, Norzawani Ishak, Cedar Andress, Aidan Haslegrave, Adam Boggon, Kirsten Laurie, Katie Connor, Thomas Mann, Anahita Mansuri, Rachel Davies, Aized Raza Shahbaz, Calvin Eng, Farhat Din, Ariadne L'heveder, Esther H.G. Park, Ramanish Ravishankar, Kirsten Mcintosh, Jih Dar Yau, Luke Chan, Susan Mcgarvie, Lingshan Tang, Hui Lim, Suhhuey Yap, Zhanherr Ng, Shahrukh Mirza, Yun Lin Ang, Luke Walls, Chloe Roy, Julian Camilleri-Brennan, Kenneth Mclean, Michelle D'souza, David Ewart Henshall, Eunicezuling Ter, William English, Dominic Townsend, Laura Maciejec, Shareef Mahdi, Onyinye Akpenyi, Elisabeth Hall, Hanaan Caydiid, Zakaria Rob, Hew D Torrance, Robin Johnston, Mohammedakil Gani, Gianpiero Gravante, Shivanchan Rajmohan, Kiran Majid, Madanmohan Palliyil, Neil Harvey, Katie Baillie, Sam Shillito, Suzanne Kershaw, Rebecca Bamford, Peter Orton, Elke Reunis, Robert Tyler, Waicheong Soon, Guled M. Jama, Dharminder Dhillon, Khyati Patel, Shayanthan Nanthakumaran, Rachel Heard, Kar Yan Chen, Behrad Barmayehvar, Uttaran Datta, Sobhana Iftekhartani, Eimear Monaghan, Philippa Donnelly, Michael Walker, Jehangirshaw Parakh, Sarah Blacker, Anil Kaul, Arjun Paramasivan, Sameh Farag, Ashrafun Nessa, Salwa Awadallah, Jieqi Lim, James Cheankhunng, Ravi P. Kiran, Alice Murray, Eric Etchill, Mohini Dasari, Juan Puyana, Nadeem Haddad, Martin Zielinski, Asad Choudhry, Celeste Caliman, Mieshia Beamon, Therese Duane, Mamta Swaroop, Rebecca Deal, Erik Schadde, Mark Hemmila, Lena Napolitano, Kathleen To, Joseph Musowoya, Niels Van Der Naald, Dayson Kumwenda, Alex Reece-Smith, Kars Otten, Anna Verbeek, Marloes Prins, Alibeth Andres Baquero Suarez, Chelsea Deane, Emilio Dijan, Mahmoud Elfiky, Laura Koskenvuo, Aurore Thollot, Bernard Limoges, Carmen Capito, Challine Alexandre, Henri Kotobi, Julien Leroux, Kalitha Pinnagoda, Nicolas Henric, Olivier Azzis, Olivier Rosello, Poddevin Francois, Sara Etienne, Philippe Buisson, Sophian Hmila, Joe-Nat Clegg-Lamptey, Osman Imoro, Owusu Emmanuel Abem, Dimitrios Papageorgiou, Vasiliki Soulou, Sabrina Asturias, Lenin Peña, Donal B O’Connor, Alberto Realis Luc, Alfio Alessandro Russo, Antonio Taddei, Camilla Cona, Corrado Bottini, Giovanni Pascale, Giuseppe Rotunno, Marco Maria Pascale, Margherita Notarnicola, Mario Corbellino, Paolo Ubiali, Roberto Cautiero, Tommaso Bocchetti, Elena Muzio, Vania Guglielmo, Eugenio Morandi, Patrizio Mao, Emilia De Luca, Farah Mahmoud Ali, Paulius Kondrotas, Robertas Baltrunas, Juozas Kutkevicius, Povilas Ignatavicius, Choy Ling Tan, Jia Yng Siaw, Sir Young Yam, Ling Wilson, Mohamed Rezal Abdul Aziz, John Bondin, Carmina Diaz Zorrilla, Anass Majbar, Agboola Taiwo, Emeka Nwabuoku, Marte BliksØen, Zain Ali Khan, Jazmin Coronel, Cesar Miranda, Idelso Vasquez, Luis M. Helguero-Santin, Adesina Adedeji, Saleh Alqahtani, Max Rath, Michael Van Niekerk, Modise Zacharia Koto, Roel Matos-Puig, Leif Israelsson, Tobias Schuetz, Mahmut Arif Yuksek, Meric Mericliler, Bernhard Wolf, Cameron Fairfield, Katharine Whitehurst, Natalie Redgrave, Caroluce K Musyoka, Michael Cox, Muhamed M H Farhan-Alanie, Rory Callan, Chali Chibuye, Tebian Hassanein Ahmed Ali, Syrine Rekhis, Muna Rommaneh, Zi Hao Sam, Thays Brunelli Pugliesi, Gabriel Pardo, and Ruth Blanco

Subjects
Medicine (General), R5-920, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Introduction Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). However, there is a lack of data available about SSI in children worldwide, especially from low-income and middle-income countries. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of SSI in children and associations between SSI and morbidity across human development settings.Methods A multicentre, international, prospective, validated cohort study of children aged under 16 years undergoing clean-contaminated, contaminated or dirty gastrointestinal surgery. Any hospital in the world providing paediatric surgery was eligible to contribute data between January and July 2016. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSI by 30 days. Relationships between explanatory variables and SSI were examined using multilevel logistic regression. Countries were stratified into high development, middle development and low development groups using the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI).Results Of 1159 children across 181 hospitals in 51 countries, 523 (45·1%) children were from high HDI, 397 (34·2%) from middle HDI and 239 (20·6%) from low HDI countries. The 30-day SSI rate was 6.3% (33/523) in high HDI, 12·8% (51/397) in middle HDI and 24·7% (59/239) in low HDI countries. SSI was associated with higher incidence of 30-day mortality, intervention, organ-space infection and other HAIs, with the highest rates seen in low HDI countries. Median length of stay in patients who had an SSI was longer (7.0 days), compared with 3.0 days in patients who did not have an SSI. Use of laparoscopy was associated with significantly lower SSI rates, even after accounting for HDI.Conclusion The odds of SSI in children is nearly four times greater in low HDI compared with high HDI countries. Policies to reduce SSI should be prioritised as part of the wider global agenda.

Published
2020
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37. ICBCA – Improved Cluster Based Channel Allocation in Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks

Author

Veeranna Gatate and Jayashree Agarkhed

Subjects
channel interference, channel overlapping, cochannel interference, cognitive radio, Telecommunication, TK5101-6720, Information technology, T58.5-58.64
Abstract

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) operate in an overcrowded electromagnetic environment, as the spectrum is shared by various wireless communication technologies. This gives rise to various challenges related to optimized and efficient spectrum utilization. Cognitive radio (CR) has emerged as a solution satisfying this requirement, as it is capable of adapting to the dynamic radio spectrum. Thanks to the deployment of cognitive radio in WSNs, the spectrum may be utilized in a more efficient manner. CR may identify the vacant channels dynamically, allowing the sensor nodes to effectively communicate with each other. In this paper a clustering algorithm known as improved cluster-based channel assignment (ICBCA) is implemented, forming clusters of CR sensor nodes and then selecting vacant channels for data transmission purposes. Simulation results show that ICBCA outperforms existing clustering algorithms in CR sensor networks

Published
2020
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38. A Comprehensive Analysis for Advancements and Challenges in Deep Learning Models for Image Processing

Author

Ch, Ravikumar, Prakasha Chary, Kalvog, Srinivas, S., Bhavani, Tedla, Veeranna, Angrisani, Leopoldo, Series Editor, Arteaga, Marco, Series Editor, Chakraborty, Samarjit, Series Editor, Chen, Shanben, Series Editor, Chen, Tan Kay, Series Editor, Dillmann, Rüdiger, Series Editor, Duan, Haibin, Series Editor, Ferrari, Gianluigi, Series Editor, Ferre, Manuel, Series Editor, Jabbari, Faryar, Series Editor, Jia, Limin, Series Editor, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Khamis, Alaa, Series Editor, Kroeger, Torsten, Series Editor, Li, Yong, Series Editor, Liang, Qilian, Series Editor, Martín, Ferran, Series Editor, Ming, Tan Cher, Series Editor, Minker, Wolfgang, Series Editor, Misra, Pradeep, Series Editor, Mukhopadhyay, Subhas, Series Editor, Ning, Cun-Zheng, Series Editor, Nishida, Toyoaki, Series Editor, Oneto, Luca, Series Editor, Panigrahi, Bijaya Ketan, Series Editor, Pascucci, Federica, Series Editor, Qin, Yong, Series Editor, Seng, Gan Woon, Series Editor, Speidel, Joachim, Series Editor, Veiga, Germano, Series Editor, Wu, Haitao, Series Editor, Zamboni, Walter, Series Editor, Tan, Kay Chen, Series Editor, Kumar, Amit, editor, Gunjan, Vinit Kumar, editor, Senatore, Sabrina, editor, and Hu, Yu-Chen, editor

Published
2025
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41. On Bivariate Pseudo-Logistic Distribution: Its Properties, Estimation and Applications

Author

Veeranna, Banoth

Subjects
Statistics - Applications, Statistics - Computation
Abstract

The literature has covered the features and uses of the traditional univariate and bivariate logistic distributions in great detail. It is reasonable to wonder, though, if logistic marginals and conditionals could exhibit a similar behavior. A phenomenon that is comparable to both bivariate exponential and bivariate normal distributions. In this study, we will concentrate on bivariate distributions where one family of conditionals is marginal and the other family is of logistic type. Pseudo-logistic distributions are the name for such distributions. Research on conditionally specified models has revealed, however, that only in cases where the variables are independent will logistic marginals and both conditionals be of the logistic form occur. We talk about the features of distributional aspects and how they are built using the original. Both the original and the new conditioning regimes are used in two different ways. Possible generalizations are also considered. We also provide an example of a Pseudo-logistic model application.

Published
2023

43. Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease phenotype and course: Our experience from a tertiary center

Author

Sadanandavalli Retnaswami Chandra, Thomas Gregor Issac, Mariamma Philip, and Veeranna Gadad

Subjects
Cortical ribbon, Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, periodic complexes, rapidly progressive dementia, Psychiatry, RC435-571
Abstract

Introduction: Prion diseases are protein conformation disorders and neither caused by viroid or virus but is a transmissible particle labeled a prion by Pruisner. Normal prion protein becomes infectious by a different folding, but the triggers are not known. Based on the characteristic brain pathology, they are grouped under spongiform encephalopathy affecting both man and animals. Estimated prevalence is one per million. Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) registry from National Institute and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, reported 69 cases in 30 years. Patient and Methods: Patients seen by our team from December 2011 to October 2015 who satisfied criteria for probable CJD were evaluated for clinical, electrophysiological, radiological, and demographic factors. None of them underwent histopathological examination of brain tissue or tonsils. Cerebrospinal fluid protein 14-3-3 was not done. All of them were followed up by telephonic inquiry for the course of the illness. All of them received symptomatic medications with anticonvulsants, flupirtine 200 mg orally daily, and other symptomatic medications. Results: Sporadic CJD is the most common form seen in India and is probably under reported. males seem to be more affected, and the mean duration for the bed bound state is 12 months. Drugs were only effective for a very brief period in controlling myoclonus and behavior. Discussion: Sporadic CJD is one of the most common and rapidly fatal forms of dementia in India. Cortical ribboning and periodic complexes are the most common laboratory findings. Familial CJD is a very rare occurrence and variant CJD is probably not prevalent. Conclusion: All patients with rapidly progressive dementia should be handled with biohazard precautions unless proved otherwise. Role of alcohol and smoking in the transformation of PrPc to PrPsc needs to be evaluated.

Published
2016
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44. Hydrosilylation of Aldehydes by a Manganese α-Diimine Complex

Author

Veeranna Yempally, Azal Shahbaz, Wai Yip Fan, Sherzod T. Madrahimov, and Ashfaq A. Bengali

Subjects
catalysis, manganese, hydrosilylation, Inorganic chemistry, QD146-197
Abstract

This paper describes the catalytic activity of air stable and easy to handle manganese complexes towards the hydrosilylation of aldehydes. These catalysts incorporate a bulky diazabutadiene ligand and exhibit good functional group tolerance and chemoselectivity in the hydrosilylation of aldehydes, utilizing primary silanes as the reducing agent. The reactions proceed with turnover frequencies approaching 150 h−1 in some instances, similar to those observed for other manganese-based catalysts. The conversion of aromatic aldehydes to the corresponding alcohols was found to be more efficient than that for the analogous aliphatic systems.

Published
2020
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45. Impact of elevated carbon dioxide on the protective enzymes in brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) and infested rice (Oryza sativa) plants

Author

VEERANNA DARAVATH, SUBHASH CHANDER, and D SAGAR

Subjects
Catalase, Elevated CO2, Nilaparvata lugens, Peroxidase, Protein, Rice, Agriculture
Abstract

The effect of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) on protein content, and catalase and peroxidase activity in rice (Oryza sativa L.) plant and brown planthopper (BPH) [Nilaparvata lugens (stal)] was studied in open top chamber (OTC) at elevated CO2 (570±25 μl/l) compared to ambient CO2 (400±25 μl/l). Uninfested rice plants under elevated CO2 had lower protein content but increased activity of both catalase and peroxidase compared to ambient CO2. The BPH infested rice plants had significantly lower protein content (15.89 g/l) and reduced catalase activity (0.78 μmoles of H2O2 decomposed/min/mg of protein) under both elevated and ambient CO2 conditions compared to uninfested rice plant. However, the activity of peroxidase in infested rice plant was non-significantly increased at both elevated and ambient CO2 compared to uninfested rice plants, indicating perhaps that it is an important enzyme in plant defence against BPH in addition to elevated CO2. Further, lower protein content in rice plants under elevated CO2 resulted in lower protein in BPH that fed on them. The activity of catalase and peroxidase in BPH was enhanced when they were fed rice plants under elevated CO2 compared to ambient CO2.

Published
2018
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46. Clinical Profile of Suspected and Confirmed H1N1 Influenza Infection in Patients admitted at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital

Author

Basavaraju Jayadeva, Nagaraja Chikkananjaiah, Veeranna Gowda, Devika Rani, and Shebin Poovathingal

Subjects
Cap Oseltamivir, Droplet Spread, Chemoprophylaxis, H1N1 Influenza, RT-PCR, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701, Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779
Abstract

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical profile and outcomes of adult patients screened and diagnosed with H1N1 influenza infection at a tertiary care hospital in India. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on all adult patients suspected of H1N1 influenza admitted at a teaching hospital during the epidemic period of January-March 2015. Patients were screened and classified into three categories of A, B, and C based on international guidelines. Home confinement was recommended for patients in category A, and subjects in category B received treatment with Oseltamivir capsules. In addition, patients in category C received inpatient treatment with oseltamivir capsules. Results: In total, 695 patients were screened for H1N1 influenza infection during the epidemic, out of whom 380 patients (54.6%) were in category A, 264 (37.9%) were in category B, and 51 (7.3%) were in category C. Throat swabs were collected and examined for 192 ( 27.6%) patients, and 59 ( 8.4%) cases were positive for H1N1 infection. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, close vigilance over the symptoms of patients infected with H1N1 influenza is more important than treatment and screening of suspicious cases during the epidemics of this infection. This is a retrospective cross sectional study. Hence, there were no comparative controls. The limitation of this study is, thus the lack of control.

Published
2015

49. A Note on Bayesian Inference for the Bivariate Pseudo-Exponential Data

Author

Veeranna, Banoth

Subjects
Statistics - Methodology, Statistics - Applications
Abstract

In this present work, we discuss the Bayesian inference for the bivariate pseudo-exponential distribution. Initially, we assume independent gamma priors and then pseudo-gamma priors for the pseudo-exponential parameters. We are primarily interested in deriving the posterior means for each of the priors assumed and also comparing each of the posterior means with the maximum likelihood estimators. Finally, all the Bayesian analyses are illustrated with a simulation study and also illustrated with real-life applications.

Published
2023

50. Goodness of fit tests for the pseudo-Poisson distribution

Author

Veeranna, Banoth, Manjunath, B. G., and Shobha, B.

Subjects
Statistics - Applications
Abstract

Bivariate count models having one marginal and the other conditionals being of the Poissons form are called pseudo-Poisson distributions. Such models have simple exible dependence structures, possess fast computation algorithms and generate a sufficiently large number of parametric families. It has been strongly argued that the pseudo-Poisson model will be the first choice to consider in modelling bivariate over-dispersed data with positive correlation and having one of the marginal equi-dispersed. Yet, before we start fitting, it is necessary to test whether the given data is compatible with the assumed pseudo-Poisson model. Hence, in the present note we derive and propose a few goodness-of-fit tests for the bivariate pseudo-Poisson distribution. Also we emphasize two tests, a lesser known test based on the supremes of the absolute difference between the estimated probability generating function and its empirical counterpart. A new test has been proposed based on the difference between the estimated bivariate Fisher dispersion index and its empirical indices. However, we also consider the potential of applying the bivariate tests that depend on the generating function (like the Kocherlakota and Kocherlakota and Mu~noz and Gamero tests) and the univariate goodness-of-fit tests (like the Chi-square test) to the pseudo-Poisson data. However, for each of the tests considered we analyse finite, large and asymptotic properties. Nevertheless, we compare the power (bivariate classical Poisson and Com-Max bivariate Poisson as alternatives) of each of the tests suggested and also include examples of application to real-life data. In a nutshell we are developing an R package which includes a test for compatibility of the data with the bivariate pseudo-Poisson model.

Published
2023

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