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Introduction: The highly contagious Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus has spread across the globe. For the aberrant changes in the lung parenchyma, thin-section chest Computed Tomography (CT) is more sensitive than chest radiography and can identify early disease. Increased CT usage and resolution also lead to an increase in the discovery of "incidental" findings, creating questions about additional research, diagnosis, and follow-up with associated financial and emotional costs. Aim: To evaluate the non COVID-19 lung pathologies and other system findings in High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) chest done for COVID-19 screening study. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study done in the Department of Radiodiagnosis at Dr.Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India, from May 2021 to December 2021. The CT scan was done in a craniocaudal direction with an average exposure time of 4-6 seconds, slice thickness of 5 mm and 1.5 mm in mediastinal and lung windows. A total of 1000 HRCT scans done were examined for covid screening. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel and analysed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Descriptive statistics were represented with percentages. Results: A total of 348 cases were found with various other pathologies incidentally. Lesions like infectious and inflammatory lesions, metabolic diseases, tumours, metastases of various systems and fractures were found. Among 348 total cases with incidental findings 98 cases (28.1%) showed non COVID-19 lung pathologies, 114 cases (32.7%) had findings in the upper abdomen, 30 cases (8.6%) in the thyroid, and three cases (0.8%) had other findings. Conclusion: The HRCT chest screening for COVID-19 not only provided the status of pulmonary infection but gave a broad view of many other system pathologies like in upper abdomen, musculoskeletal system, thyroid, breast which were found incidentally. Identifying those pathologies and correlating them with history will help in early detection and management.

Introduction: Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is a congenital anomaly in female genital tract owing to irregular embryonic development of para-mesonephric ducts and thus leads to uterine and proximal vagina aplasia or hypoplasia. MRKH syndrome has devastating effects for fertility and sexual intercourse in young women. After diagnosis by the imaging features of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) surgery may allow patients to have sexual function with possible attainment of reproduction after assisted reproduction technique or surrogacy. Aim: To analyse the MRI findings in females suspected of MRKH syndrome in a primary amenorrhea workup. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study comprising of 11 patients of MRKH syndrome presented in a tertiary care centre from May-2013 to April-2019 was evaluated in a 1.5 Tesla MRI scanner. The diagnostic confirmation of MRKH syndrome was made on the basis of the following features: i) presence or absence of uterine buds; ii) fibrous band like structures connecting bilateral uterine buds; and iii) Midline soft tissue at uterine region. The data was entered in the excel sheet and results were expressed in terms of frequency and percentages. Results: MRI revealed small vestigial uterus in the form of uterine buds in five patients (45.4%) and rudimentary streaky uterus in six patients (54.54%). The presence of the endometrium with prominent cavitation could be detected only in four patients (36.3%), while the remaining seven patients (63.6%) showed no cavitation. The uterine buds were connected with fibrous bandlike structures in three patients (27.2%) and in the remaining 8 (72.7%) patients the uterine buds were located laterally without any apparent connection. The midline soft tissue posteriosuperior to the urinary bladder dome is seen in three cases (27.2%). Bilateral ovaries were normal in size and morphology in all cases. In good number of cases the uterine buds were closely associated with ovaries. Most of them were located in the iliac fossa. All patients displayed only lower 1/3rd of the vagina with the absence of upper 2/3rd vagina. Associated malformations were found in four cases, which were related to renal in 9.09% case, vertebral in 27.2% cases and congenital vesicovaginal fistula in 9.09% case. In brief Type I MRKH is seen in seven cases (63.6%) and Type II MRKH is seen in four cases (36.3%). Conclusion: The diagnosis of MRKH syndrome is made based on clinical findings, but radiological evaluation is also essential for the confirmation. MRI is now considered the imaging modality of choice, because of its ability to accurately identify female genital tract malformations along with associated renal and skeletal anomalies.

Introduction: Lumbar Spinal Stenosis (LSS) is a condition in which the spinal canal narrows to the point at which it can exert pressure on the nerves that travel through the spine. Aetiology is categorised into congenital, developmental and acquired (degenerative) causes. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is an investigation of choice in the evaluation of patients with symptoms related to lumbar central canal stenosis. Aim: To assess the morphologically grade of thecal sac in lumbar central canal stenosis on MRI. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted from November 2017 to October 2019 at Department of Radiology of Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation, Gannavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India. Study included 100 patients who were referred with symptoms of lumbar stenosis and outcome was to determine the correlation between the morphological grade and thecal sac axial anteroposterior diameter grade. Correlation was assessed by Fisher’s-exact test and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient test. A p-value

Background: Few bony injuries and most soft tissue injuries cannot be detected on plain radiography. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can detect such occult bony injuries due to signal changes in bone marrow. In addition to excluding serious bony injuries, it can also identify tendon, ligament, cartilage and other soft tissue injuries and thus help in localizing the cause of morbidity. Aims and Objectives: To determine the MRI imaging patterns in recent bone injuries (less than 4 weeks) following negative or inconclusive plain radiographs. To determine the role of MRI in recent fractures. Results: Out of the 75 individuals with history of recent injury of less than 4 weeks duration, fracture line was demonstrated in 16 patients (21%) who had no obvious evidence of bone injury on plain radiographs. Bone contusion or bruising of the bone was demonstrated in 39 (52%) patients. This was the commonest abnormality detected in MRI. The remaining 20 patients did not show any obvious injury to the bone on MR imaging however, soft tissue injury could be demonstrated in 12 (16%) patients which show that the extent of soft tissue injury was relatively well demonstrated by MR imaging. The present study showed that occult injuries commonly occur at the Knee followed by Ankle, Wrist, Foot, Elbow, Leg, Hands, Hips & Spine. Conclusion: The study showed that MR is efficient in the detection of occult bone injuries which are missed on radiography. Compared to radiographs, MRI clearly depicted the extent of injuries and associated soft tissue involvement. MRI demonstrates both acute and chronic injuries and also differentiates both, whereas radiography has poor sensitivity for acute injuries. Also, the soft tissue injuries like tendionous and ligamentous injuries cannot be identified on radiographs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sphenoiditis is of particular interest because the sphenoid sinus has thin wall and its special anatomical location facilitate dissemination of infection to many intracranial structures including vascular structures. The main objective of this report is to gain insight into patterns of presentation and imaging findings in cerebrovascular complications of sphenoid sinusitis and to emphasize the need of reviewing Brain Computed Tomography Scan in all windows. This is a report of 32-year-old young female presented with fever and headache who was diagnosed to have sphenoid sinusitis after radiological examination. Sphenoid sinusitis may involve several intracranial structures, with potentially severe or even fatal complications. Prompt diagnosis and antibiotic/antifungal therapy is essential to minimize mortality and morbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]