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La peninsula de Brunswick se ubica en el extremo mas meridional de America, la cual contiene numerosos atributos paisajisticos, historicos y eco sistemicos que la posiciona a nivel regional como un area de interes turistico. Sin embargo, tanto la planificacion como la valoracion por parte de la comunidad local para con esta area es deficiente. En este trabajo se van a inventariar sitios de interes turistico; evaluar su potencial; y finalmente elaborar una cartografia de su distribucion espacial. Los resultados indican que los atractivos que mayor valoracion tienen son: parque del Estrecho y parque de atracciones Fundo san Fernando, por contar con mejor infraestructura y poseer mejores terrenos para el desarrollo de actividades recreativas. En cuanto a los recursos terrestres, las mejores evaluaciones reciben bahia el Indio, Nodales y San Nicolas, por su ubicacion y superficie apta para el desplazamiento. Finalmente, dentro de los recursos acuaticos con mayor puntaje ha destacado el rio San Juan, ya que tiene mayor accesibilidad y actividades recreativas en su entorno. Los hallazgos de este estudio, se constituyen en un insumo territorial fundamental, para la elaboracion de instrumentos de planificacion turistica por parte de los actores locales de cara a la reactivacion post-pandemia del turismo en la region de Magallanes. Palabras clave: Turismo de naturaleza, planificacion turistica, Patagonia. Abstract The Brunswick Peninsula is located in the southernmost tip of America, which contains numerous scenic, historical and eco-systemic attributes that position it regionally as an area of tourist interest. However, both planning and assessment by the local community for this area is deficient. In this work, sites of tourist interest will be inventoried; evaluate its potential; and finally develop a cartography of its spatial distribution. The results indicate that the attractions with the greatest potential are: Parque del Estrecho and Fundo san Fernando amusement park, due to having better infrastructure and having better land for the development of recreational activities. Regarding land resources, the best evaluations are given by Bahia El Indio, Nodales and San Nicolas, for their location and surface suitable for displacement. Finally, within the aquatic resources with the highest score, the San Juan River has stood out, since it has greater accessibility. The findings of this study constitute a fundamental territorial input for the development of tourism planning instruments by local actors in the face of the post-pandemic reactivation of tourism in the Magallanes region. Keywords: Nature tourism, Tourist planning, Patagonia.

Studying the adoption of the European spatial discourse, the transfer and the (re)production of ideas, principles and visions concerning the European space, as well as the impact of European spatial development documents, support the idea of Europe as a spatial entity. The focus of this chapter is the transfer of EU spatial discourse (using the example of the European Spatial Development Perspective) to both Bulgarian and Serbian spatial planning documents at the national level and on the impact of this process of Europeanisation of spatial planning in the countries at stake. Some initial results show that, in the case of Serbia, the current pre-accession period is much more important in organising and reforming the legal and instrumental framework of spatial planning than was observed in the case of Bulgaria. The latter country only initiated active reforms in the definition of its spatial planning policy several years after its accession to the EU as a member state.

The process of urban shrinkage is not new in Europe. In post-socialist countries, the economic transformations since the beginning of the 1990s have led to changes in the settlement patterns caused by large-scale internal migrations in favour of metropolitan and regional urban centres and for the account of the remote and peripheral regions. Bulgaria is no exception to these processes where urban areas have been subjected to complex shrinkage, resulting in demographic and economic decline after the political changes in 1989. The economic and functional restructuring of the Bulgarian cities according to the market economy conditions have led to the inability of these areas to provide sufficient jobs and quality of life to other urban areas, leading to a progressive decline in their populations. This study groups the Bulgarian cities according to the causes and dynamics of their shrinkage from the last century to 2017, with a focus on the functional changes in the market economy after 1989, accompanied by demographic crisis and urban decline.

As urban areas continue to expand, the need to consider nature conservation objectives in planning is growing. Policy makers across Europe recognize that effective nature conservation requires an integrated approach to land use planning that includes relevant ecological and spatial knowledge. Although a number of such integrated approaches have been developed, many local authorities in Europe encounter important institutional barriers to this integration. This is particularly true for countries in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) like Bulgaria. The post-socialist transformation in Bulgaria led to intensified urban growth and local authorities struggle to find a balance between environmental and socio-economic interests. Meanwhile, the Environmental Policy Integration 'principle' (EPI) has been gaining prominence in Europe, aiming to address the trade-offs between environmental and economic incentives. Research highlights that successful EPI depends on institutional processes within different economic sectors and across governmental scales. These processes have not yet been comprehensively studied in the CEE and in Bulgaria. This article assesses the EPI process in urban planning in Bulgaria and identifies the institutional approaches that may contribute best to EPI in urban planning. Using the example of the "Corner Land" project in the city of Burgas, we discuss the key challenges that the local authorities face in addressing nature conservation in land use plans. The findings indicate that EPI is to a high degree constrained by the lack of an efficient communicative process across fragmented organizational structures throughout the entire planning process. While a procedural approach to EPI appears to be prevalent it is concluded that a communicative approach is urgently needed if the sustainability of urban plans is to be safeguarded and negative impacts on nature prevented.