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1. The genomic history of Southeastern Europe

Author

Mathieson, I., Roodenberg, S., Posth, C., Szécsényi-Nagy, A., Rohland, N., Mallick, S., Olalde, I., Broomandkhoshbacht, N., Cheronet, O., Fernandes, D., Ferry, M., Gamarra, B., Fortes, G., Haak, W., Harney, E., Krause-Kyora, B., Kucukkalipci, I., Michel, M., Mittnik, A., Nägele, K., Novak, M., Oppenheimer, J., Patterson, N., Pfrengle, S., Sirak, K., Stewardson, K., Vai, S., Alexandrov, S., Alt, K., Andreescu, R., Antonović, D., Ash, A., Atanassova, N., Bacvarov, K., Gusztáv, M., Bocherens, H., Bolus, M., Boroneanţ, A., Boyadzhiev, Y., Budnik, A., Burmaz, J., Chohadzhiev, S., Conard, N., Cottiaux, R., Čuka, M., Cupillard, C., Drucker, D., Elenski, N., Francken, M., Galabova, B., Ganetovski, G., Gely, B., Hajdu, T., Handzhyiska, V., Harvati, K., Higham, T., Iliev, S., Janković, I., Karavanić, I., Kennett, D., Komšo, D., Kozak, A., Labuda, D., Lari, M., Lazar, C., Leppek, M., Leshtakov, K., Vetro, D., Los, D., Lozanov, I., Malina, M., Martini, F., McSweeney, K., Meller, H., Menđušić, M., Mirea, P., Moiseyev, V., Petrova, V., Price, T., Simalcsik, A., Sineo, L., Šlaus, M., Slavchev, V., Stanev, P., Starović, A., Szeniczey, T., Talamo, S., Teschler-Nicola, M., Thevenet, C., Valchev, I., Valentin, F., Vasilyev, S., Veljanovska, F., Venelinova, S., Veselovskaya, E., Viola, B., Virag, C., Zaninović, J., Zäuner, S., Stockhammer, P., Catalano, G., Krauß, R., Caramelli, D., Zariņa, G., Gaydarska, B., Lillie, M., Nikitin, A., Potekhina, I., Papathanasiou, A., Borić, D., Bonsall, C., Krause, J., Pinhasi, R., and Reich, D.

Published
2017

2. The genomic history of Southern Europe

Author

Richard Cottiaux, Eadaoin Harney, Iain Mathieson, Elizaveta Veselovskaya, Corinne Thevenet, Georgi Ganetsovski, Philipp W. Stockhammer, Petar Stanev, Douglas J. Kennett, Stefan Chohadzhiev, Adina Boroneanţ, Domenico Lo Vetro, Megan Michel, Nicholas J. Conard, Maleen Leppek, Fanica Veljanovska, Harald Meller, Martina Lari, Clive Bonsall, Michael Bolus, Thomas Higham, Andrej Starović, Darko Komšo, Mario Novak, Ivaylo Lozanov, Maja Čuka, Vanya Petrova, Krum Bacvarov, Alicja Budnik, Cosimo Posth, Cristian Virag, Stanislav Iliev, Wolfgang Haak, Francesca Candilio, Iñigo Olalde, Tamás Hajdu, David Caramelli, Raiko Krauß, Ivor Janković, Swapan Mallick, Matthew Ferry, Ben Krause-Kyora, Maria Teschler-Nicola, Kristin Stewardson, Cătălin Lazăr, Anastasia Papathanasiou, Giulio Catalano, Veneta Handzhyiska, Kendra Sirak, Kathrin Nägele, Kurt W. Alt, Bernard Gély, Ivor Karavanić, Svetlana Venelinova, Nedko Elenski, Dragana Antonović, Ron Pinhasi, Maria Malina, Inna Potekhina, Ivan Valchev, Alexey G. Nikitin, Kath McSweeney, Dusan Boric, Alissa Mittnik, Nick Patterson, Saskia Pfrengle, Angela Simalcsik, Anna Szécsényi-Nagy, Abigail Ash, Malcolm Lillie, Mario Šlaus, Fabio Martini, David Reich, Johannes Krause, Tamás Szeniczey, Bence Viola, Dženi Los, Luca Sineo, Hervé Bocherens, Christophe Cupillard, Yavor Boyadzhiev, Pavel Mirea, Sahra Talamo, Alexandra Kozak, Katerina Harvati, Songül Alpaslan-Roodenberg, Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht, Marko Menđušić, Gunita Zariņa, Olivia Cheronet, Isil Kucukkalipci, Denise Keating, Dorothée G. Drucker, Stefan Alexandrov, Vladimir Slavchev, Radian Andreescu, Eppie R. Jones, Beatriz Gamarra, Michael Francken, Nadin Rohland, Gloria G. Fortes, Jonas Oppenheimer, Stefania Vai, T. Douglas Price, Sergey Vasilyev, Borislava Galabova, Krassimir Leshtakov, Bisserka Gaydarska, Mende Balázs Gusztáv, Joško Zaninović, Nadezhda Atanassova, Vyacheslav Moiseyev, Josip Burmaz, Daniel Fernandes, Steve Zäuner, Damian Labuda, Frédérique Valentin, Iain Mathieson, Songül Alpaslan-Roodenberg, Cosimo Posth, Anna Szécsényi-Nagy, Nadin Rohland1, Swapan Mallick, Iigo Olalde, Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht, Francesca Candilio, Olivia Cheronet, Daniel Fernandes, Matthew Ferry, Beatriz Gamarra, Gloria González Fortes, Wolfgang Haak, Eadaoin Harney, Eppie Jones, Denise Keating, Ben Krause-Kyora, Isil Kucukkalipci, Megan Michel, Alissa Mittnik, Kathrin N.gele, Mario Novak, Jonas Oppenheimer, Nick Patterson, Saskia Pfrengle, Kendra Sirak, Kristin Stewardson, Stefania Vai, Stefan Alexandrov, Kurt W. Alt, Radian Andreescu, Dragana Antonovic′, Abigail Ash, Nadezhda Atanassova, Krum Bacvarov, Mende Balázs Gusztáv, Hervé Bocherens, Michael Bolus, Adina Boroneant., Yavor Boyadzhiev, Alicja Budnik, Josip Burmaz, Stefan Chohadzhiev, Nicholas J. Conard, Richard Cottiaux, Maja Cuka, Christophe Cupillard, Dorothée G. Drucker, Nedko Elenski, Michael Francken, Borislava Galabova, Georgi Ganetsovski, Bernard Gély, Tamás Hajdu, Veneta Handzhyiska, Katerina Harvati, Thomas Higham, Stanislav Iliev, Ivor Jankovic′, Ivor Karavanic, Douglas J. Kennett, Darko Komšo, Alexandra Kozak, Damian Labuda, Martina Lari, Catalin Lazar, Maleen Leppek, Krassimir Leshtakov, Domenico Lo Vetro, Dženi Los, Ivaylo Lozanov, Maria Malina, Fabio Martini, Kath McSweeney, Harald Meller, Marko Mendˉušic, Pavel Mirea, Vyacheslav Moiseyev, Vanya Petrova, T. Douglas Price, Angela Simalcsik, Luca Sineo, Mario Šlaus, Vladimir Slavchev, Petar Stanev, Andrej Starovic′, Tamás Szeniczey, Sahra Talamo, Maria Teschler-Nicola, Corinne Thevenet, Ivan Valchev, Frédérique Valentin, Sergey Vasilyev, Fanica Veljanovska, Svetlana Venelinova, Elizaveta Veselovskaya, Bence Viola, Cristian Virag, Joško Zaninovic′, Steve Zuner, Philipp W. Stockhammer, Giulio Catalano, Raiko Krau, David Caramelli, Gunita Zarin, Bisserka Gaydarska, Malcolm Lillie, Alexey G. Nikitin, Inna Potekhina, Anastasia Papathanasiou, Dušan Boric, Clive Bonsall, Johannes Krause, Ron Pinhasi, David Reich, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Mathieson I., Alpaslan-Roodenberg S., Posth C., Szecsenyi-Nagy A., Rohland N., Mallick S., Olalde I., Broomandkhoshbacht N., Candilio F., Cheronet O., Fernandes D., Ferry M., Gamarra B., Fortes G.G., Haak W., Harney E., Jones E., Keating D., Krause-Kyora B., Kucukkalipci I., Michel M., Mittnik A., Nagele K., Novak M., Oppenheimer J., Patterson N., Pfrengle S., Sirak K., Stewardson K., Vai S., Alexandrov S., Alt K.W., Andreescu R., Antonovic D., Ash A., Atanassova N., Bacvarov K., Gusztav M.B., Bocherens H., Bolus M., Boroneant A., Boyadzhiev Y., Budnik A., Burmaz J., Chohadzhiev S., Conard N.J., Cottiaux R., Cuka M., Cupillard C., Drucker D.G., Elenski N., Francken M., Galabova B., Ganetsovski G., Gely B., Hajdu T., Handzhyiska V., Harvati K., Higham T., Iliev S., Jankovic I., Karavanic I., Kennett D.J., Komso D., Kozak A., Labuda D., Lari M., Lazar C., Leppek M., Leshtakov K., Vetro D.L., Los D., Lozanov I., Malina M., Martini F., McSweeney K., Meller H., Mentusic M., Mirea P., Moiseyev V., Petrova V., Douglas Price T., Simalcsik A., Sineo L., Slaus M., Slavchev V., Stanev P., Starovic A., Szeniczey T., Talamo S., Teschler-Nicola M., Thevenet C., Valchev I., Valentin F., Vasilyev S., Veljanovska F., Venelinova S., Veselovskaya E., Viola B., Virag C., Zaninovic J., Zauner S., Stockhammer P.W., Catalano G., Krauss R., Caramelli D., Zarina G., Gaydarska B., Lillie M., Nikitin A.G., Potekhina I., Papathanasiou A., Boric D., Bonsall C., Krause J., Pinhasi R., Reich D., Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, History, Steppe, 01 natural sciences, genome wide ancient DNA, 0302 clinical medicine, population dynamics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, History, Ancient, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Farmers, Genome, Agriculture, Cline (biology), Genomics, Grassland, Europe, Geography, Western europe, Ethnology, Female, southeastern Europe, Human, Archaeogenetics, 010506 paleontology, Asia, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Human Migration, Population, Settore BIO/08 - Antropologia, Indigenous, Article, Ancient, 03 medical and health sciences, genetic variation, genomics, prehistoric Europe, prehistoric archeology, bioarchaeology, Bioarchaeology, Genetics, Humans, HUMANISTIC SCIENCES. Archeology, Farmer, DNA, Ancient, Sex Distribution, education, Mesolithic, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, HUMANISTIČKE ZNANOSTI. Arheologija, Extramural, business.industry, Genome, Human, Ambientale, DNA, Archaeology, PRIRODNE ZNANOSTI. Biologija. Genetika, evolucija i filogenija, 030104 developmental biology, Ancient DNA, Genetics, Population, Ancient DNA, Genomics, Southeastern Europe, Genetic Variation, business, NATURAL SCIENCES. Biology. Genetics, Evolution and Phylogenetics, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Farming was first introduced to southeastern Europe in the mid-7th millennium BCE - brought by migrants from Anatolia who settled in the region before spreading throughout Europe. However, the dynamics of the interaction between the first farmers and the indigenous hunter-gatherers remain poorly understood because of the near absence of ancient DNA from the region. We report new genome-wide ancient DNA data from 204 individuals-65 Paleolithic and Mesolithic, 93 Neolithic, and 46 Copper, Bronze and Iron Age-who lived in southeastern Europe and surrounding regions between about 12,000 and 500 BCE. We document that the hunter-gatherer populations of southeastern Europe, the Baltic, and the North Pontic Steppe were distinctive from those of western Europe, with a West-East cline of ancestry. We show that the people who brought farming to Europe were not part of a single population, as early farmers from southern Greece are not descended from the Neolithic population of northwestern Anatolia that was ancestral to all other European farmers. The ancestors of the first farmers of northern and western Europe passed through southeastern Europe with limited admixture with local hunter-gatherers, but we show that some groups that remained in the region mixed extensively with local hunter-gatherers, with relatively sex-balanced admixture compared to the male-biased hunter-gatherer admixture that we show prevailed later in the North and West. After the spread of farming, southeastern Europe continued to be a nexus between East and West, with intermittent steppe ancestry, including in individuals from the Varna I cemetery and associated with the Cucuteni-Trypillian archaeological complex, up to 2,000 years before the Steppe migration that replaced much of northern Europe9s population.

Published
2018
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3. Ancient DNA from Mesopotamia suggests distinct Pre-Pottery and Pottery Neolithic migrations into Anatolia.

Author

Lazaridis I, Alpaslan-Roodenberg S, Acar A, Açıkkol A, Agelarakis A, Aghikyan L, Akyüz U, Andreeva D, Andrijašević G, Antonović D, Armit I, Atmaca A, Avetisyan P, Aytek Aİ, Bacvarov K, Badalyan R, Bakardzhiev S, Balen J, Bejko L, Bernardos R, Bertsatos A, Biber H, Bilir A, Bodružić M, Bonogofsky M, Bonsall C, Borić D, Borovinić N, Bravo Morante G, Buttinger K, Callan K, Candilio F, Carić M, Cheronet O, Chohadzhiev S, Chovalopoulou ME, Chryssoulaki S, Ciobanu I, Čondić N, Constantinescu M, Cristiani E, Culleton BJ, Curtis E, Davis J, Demcenco TI, Dergachev V, Derin Z, Deskaj S, Devejyan S, Djordjević V, Duffett Carlson KS, Eccles LR, Elenski N, Engin A, Erdoğan N, Erir-Pazarcı S, Fernandes DM, Ferry M, Freilich S, Frînculeasa A, Galaty ML, Gamarra B, Gasparyan B, Gaydarska B, Genç E, Gültekin T, Gündüz S, Hajdu T, Heyd V, Hobosyan S, Hovhannisyan N, Iliev I, Iliev L, Iliev S, İvgin İ, Janković I, Jovanova L, Karkanas P, Kavaz-Kındığılı B, Kaya EH, Keating D, Kennett DJ, Deniz Kesici S, Khudaverdyan A, Kiss K, Kılıç S, Klostermann P, Kostak Boca Negra Valdes S, Kovačević S, Krenz-Niedbała M, Krznarić Škrivanko M, Kurti R, Kuzman P, Lawson AM, Lazar C, Leshtakov K, Levy TE, Liritzis I, Lorentz KO, Łukasik S, Mah M, Mallick S, Mandl K, Martirosyan-Olshansky K, Matthews R, Matthews W, McSweeney K, Melikyan V, Micco A, Michel M, Milašinović L, Mittnik A, Monge JM, Nekhrizov G, Nicholls R, Nikitin AG, Nikolov V, Novak M, Olalde I, Oppenheimer J, Osterholtz A, Özdemir C, Özdoğan KT, Öztürk N, Papadimitriou N, Papakonstantinou N, Papathanasiou A, Paraman L, Paskary EG, Patterson N, Petrakiev I, Petrosyan L, Petrova V, Philippa-Touchais A, Piliposyan A, Pocuca Kuzman N, Potrebica H, Preda-Bălănică B, Premužić Z, Price TD, Qiu L, Radović S, Raeuf Aziz K, Rajić Šikanjić P, Rasheed Raheem K, Razumov S, Richardson A, Roodenberg J, Ruka R, Russeva V, Şahin M, Şarbak A, Savaş E, Schattke C, Schepartz L, Selçuk T, Sevim-Erol A, Shamoon-Pour M, Shephard HM, Sideris A, Simalcsik A, Simonyan H, Sinika V, Sirak K, Sirbu G, Šlaus M, Soficaru A, Söğüt B, Sołtysiak A, Sönmez-Sözer Ç, Stathi M, Steskal M, Stewardson K, Stocker S, Suata-Alpaslan F, Suvorov A, Szécsényi-Nagy A, Szeniczey T, Telnov N, Temov S, Todorova N, Tota U, Touchais G, Triantaphyllou S, Türker A, Ugarković M, Valchev T, Veljanovska F, Videvski Z, Virag C, Wagner A, Walsh S, Włodarczak P, Workman JN, Yardumian A, Yarovoy E, Yavuz AY, Yılmaz H, Zalzala F, Zettl A, Zhang Z, Çavuşoğlu R, Rohland N, Pinhasi R, Reich D, and Davtyan R

Subjects
Archaeology, Armenia, Cyprus, DNA, Ancient, History, Ancient, Mesopotamia, Farmers history, Gene Flow, Human Migration history
Abstract

We present the first ancient DNA data from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic of Mesopotamia (Southeastern Turkey and Northern Iraq), Cyprus, and the Northwestern Zagros, along with the first data from Neolithic Armenia. We show that these and neighboring populations were formed through admixture of pre-Neolithic sources related to Anatolian, Caucasus, and Levantine hunter-gatherers, forming a Neolithic continuum of ancestry mirroring the geography of West Asia. By analyzing Pre-Pottery and Pottery Neolithic populations of Anatolia, we show that the former were derived from admixture between Mesopotamian-related and local Epipaleolithic-related sources, but the latter experienced additional Levantine-related gene flow, thus documenting at least two pulses of migration from the Fertile Crescent heartland to the early farmers of Anatolia.

Published
2022
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4. A genetic probe into the ancient and medieval history of Southern Europe and West Asia.

Author

Lazaridis I, Alpaslan-Roodenberg S, Acar A, Açıkkol A, Agelarakis A, Aghikyan L, Akyüz U, Andreeva D, Andrijašević G, Antonović D, Armit I, Atmaca A, Avetisyan P, Aytek Aİ, Bacvarov K, Badalyan R, Bakardzhiev S, Balen J, Bejko L, Bernardos R, Bertsatos A, Biber H, Bilir A, Bodružić M, Bonogofsky M, Bonsall C, Borić D, Borovinić N, Bravo Morante G, Buttinger K, Callan K, Candilio F, Carić M, Cheronet O, Chohadzhiev S, Chovalopoulou ME, Chryssoulaki S, Ciobanu I, Čondić N, Constantinescu M, Cristiani E, Culleton BJ, Curtis E, Davis J, Demcenco TI, Dergachev V, Derin Z, Deskaj S, Devejyan S, Djordjević V, Duffett Carlson KS, Eccles LR, Elenski N, Engin A, Erdoğan N, Erir-Pazarcı S, Fernandes DM, Ferry M, Freilich S, Frînculeasa A, Galaty ML, Gamarra B, Gasparyan B, Gaydarska B, Genç E, Gültekin T, Gündüz S, Hajdu T, Heyd V, Hobosyan S, Hovhannisyan N, Iliev I, Iliev L, Iliev S, İvgin İ, Janković I, Jovanova L, Karkanas P, Kavaz-Kındığılı B, Kaya EH, Keating D, Kennett DJ, Deniz Kesici S, Khudaverdyan A, Kiss K, Kılıç S, Klostermann P, Kostak Boca Negra Valdes S, Kovačević S, Krenz-Niedbała M, Krznarić Škrivanko M, Kurti R, Kuzman P, Lawson AM, Lazar C, Leshtakov K, Levy TE, Liritzis I, Lorentz KO, Łukasik S, Mah M, Mallick S, Mandl K, Martirosyan-Olshansky K, Matthews R, Matthews W, McSweeney K, Melikyan V, Micco A, Michel M, Milašinović L, Mittnik A, Monge JM, Nekhrizov G, Nicholls R, Nikitin AG, Nikolov V, Novak M, Olalde I, Oppenheimer J, Osterholtz A, Özdemir C, Özdoğan KT, Öztürk N, Papadimitriou N, Papakonstantinou N, Papathanasiou A, Paraman L, Paskary EG, Patterson N, Petrakiev I, Petrosyan L, Petrova V, Philippa-Touchais A, Piliposyan A, Pocuca Kuzman N, Potrebica H, Preda-Bălănică B, Premužić Z, Price TD, Qiu L, Radović S, Raeuf Aziz K, Rajić Šikanjić P, Rasheed Raheem K, Razumov S, Richardson A, Roodenberg J, Ruka R, Russeva V, Şahin M, Şarbak A, Savaş E, Schattke C, Schepartz L, Selçuk T, Sevim-Erol A, Shamoon-Pour M, Shephard HM, Sideris A, Simalcsik A, Simonyan H, Sinika V, Sirak K, Sirbu G, Šlaus M, Soficaru A, Söğüt B, Sołtysiak A, Sönmez-Sözer Ç, Stathi M, Steskal M, Stewardson K, Stocker S, Suata-Alpaslan F, Suvorov A, Szécsényi-Nagy A, Szeniczey T, Telnov N, Temov S, Todorova N, Tota U, Touchais G, Triantaphyllou S, Türker A, Ugarković M, Valchev T, Veljanovska F, Videvski Z, Virag C, Wagner A, Walsh S, Włodarczak P, Workman JN, Yardumian A, Yarovoy E, Yavuz AY, Yılmaz H, Zalzala F, Zettl A, Zhang Z, Çavuşoğlu R, Rohland N, Pinhasi R, Reich D, and Davtyan R

Subjects
Archaeology, Asia, Europe, Genetic Variation, Greece, History, Ancient, History, Medieval, Humans, Human Migration history, Population genetics
Abstract

Literary and archaeological sources have preserved a rich history of Southern Europe and West Asia since the Bronze Age that can be complemented by genetics. Mycenaean period elites in Greece did not differ from the general population and included both people with some steppe ancestry and others, like the Griffin Warrior, without it. Similarly, people in the central area of the Urartian Kingdom around Lake Van lacked the steppe ancestry characteristic of the kingdom's northern provinces. Anatolia exhibited extraordinary continuity down to the Roman and Byzantine periods, with its people serving as the demographic core of much of the Roman Empire, including the city of Rome itself. During medieval times, migrations associated with Slavic and Turkic speakers profoundly affected the region.

Published
2022
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5. The genetic history of the Southern Arc: A bridge between West Asia and Europe.

Author

Lazaridis I, Alpaslan-Roodenberg S, Acar A, Açıkkol A, Agelarakis A, Aghikyan L, Akyüz U, Andreeva D, Andrijašević G, Antonović D, Armit I, Atmaca A, Avetisyan P, Aytek Aİ, Bacvarov K, Badalyan R, Bakardzhiev S, Balen J, Bejko L, Bernardos R, Bertsatos A, Biber H, Bilir A, Bodružić M, Bonogofsky M, Bonsall C, Borić D, Borovinić N, Bravo Morante G, Buttinger K, Callan K, Candilio F, Carić M, Cheronet O, Chohadzhiev S, Chovalopoulou ME, Chryssoulaki S, Ciobanu I, Čondić N, Constantinescu M, Cristiani E, Culleton BJ, Curtis E, Davis J, Demcenco TI, Dergachev V, Derin Z, Deskaj S, Devejyan S, Djordjević V, Duffett Carlson KS, Eccles LR, Elenski N, Engin A, Erdoğan N, Erir-Pazarcı S, Fernandes DM, Ferry M, Freilich S, Frînculeasa A, Galaty ML, Gamarra B, Gasparyan B, Gaydarska B, Genç E, Gültekin T, Gündüz S, Hajdu T, Heyd V, Hobosyan S, Hovhannisyan N, Iliev I, Iliev L, Iliev S, İvgin İ, Janković I, Jovanova L, Karkanas P, Kavaz-Kındığılı B, Kaya EH, Keating D, Kennett DJ, Deniz Kesici S, Khudaverdyan A, Kiss K, Kılıç S, Klostermann P, Kostak Boca Negra Valdes S, Kovačević S, Krenz-Niedbała M, Krznarić Škrivanko M, Kurti R, Kuzman P, Lawson AM, Lazar C, Leshtakov K, Levy TE, Liritzis I, Lorentz KO, Łukasik S, Mah M, Mallick S, Mandl K, Martirosyan-Olshansky K, Matthews R, Matthews W, McSweeney K, Melikyan V, Micco A, Michel M, Milašinović L, Mittnik A, Monge JM, Nekhrizov G, Nicholls R, Nikitin AG, Nikolov V, Novak M, Olalde I, Oppenheimer J, Osterholtz A, Özdemir C, Özdoğan KT, Öztürk N, Papadimitriou N, Papakonstantinou N, Papathanasiou A, Paraman L, Paskary EG, Patterson N, Petrakiev I, Petrosyan L, Petrova V, Philippa-Touchais A, Piliposyan A, Pocuca Kuzman N, Potrebica H, Preda-Bălănică B, Premužić Z, Price TD, Qiu L, Radović S, Raeuf Aziz K, Rajić Šikanjić P, Rasheed Raheem K, Razumov S, Richardson A, Roodenberg J, Ruka R, Russeva V, Şahin M, Şarbak A, Savaş E, Schattke C, Schepartz L, Selçuk T, Sevim-Erol A, Shamoon-Pour M, Shephard HM, Sideris A, Simalcsik A, Simonyan H, Sinika V, Sirak K, Sirbu G, Šlaus M, Soficaru A, Söğüt B, Sołtysiak A, Sönmez-Sözer Ç, Stathi M, Steskal M, Stewardson K, Stocker S, Suata-Alpaslan F, Suvorov A, Szécsényi-Nagy A, Szeniczey T, Telnov N, Temov S, Todorova N, Tota U, Touchais G, Triantaphyllou S, Türker A, Ugarković M, Valchev T, Veljanovska F, Videvski Z, Virag C, Wagner A, Walsh S, Włodarczak P, Workman JN, Yardumian A, Yarovoy E, Yavuz AY, Yılmaz H, Zalzala F, Zettl A, Zhang Z, Çavuşoğlu R, Rohland N, Pinhasi R, Reich D, and Davtyan R

Subjects
Asia, Balkan Peninsula, Europe, History, Ancient, Humans, White People genetics, Gene Flow, Genome, Human, Human Migration history
Abstract

By sequencing 727 ancient individuals from the Southern Arc (Anatolia and its neighbors in Southeastern Europe and West Asia) over 10,000 years, we contextualize its Chalcolithic period and Bronze Age (about 5000 to 1000 BCE), when extensive gene flow entangled it with the Eurasian steppe. Two streams of migration transmitted Caucasus and Anatolian/Levantine ancestry northward, and the Yamnaya pastoralists, formed on the steppe, then spread southward into the Balkans and across the Caucasus into Armenia, where they left numerous patrilineal descendants. Anatolia was transformed by intra-West Asian gene flow, with negligible impact of the later Yamnaya migrations. This contrasts with all other regions where Indo-European languages were spoken, suggesting that the homeland of the Indo-Anatolian language family was in West Asia, with only secondary dispersals of non-Anatolian Indo-Europeans from the steppe.

Published
2022
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6. The genomic history of southeastern Europe.

Author

Mathieson I, Alpaslan-Roodenberg S, Posth C, Szécsényi-Nagy A, Rohland N, Mallick S, Olalde I, Broomandkhoshbacht N, Candilio F, Cheronet O, Fernandes D, Ferry M, Gamarra B, Fortes GG, Haak W, Harney E, Jones E, Keating D, Krause-Kyora B, Kucukkalipci I, Michel M, Mittnik A, Nägele K, Novak M, Oppenheimer J, Patterson N, Pfrengle S, Sirak K, Stewardson K, Vai S, Alexandrov S, Alt KW, Andreescu R, Antonović D, Ash A, Atanassova N, Bacvarov K, Gusztáv MB, Bocherens H, Bolus M, Boroneanţ A, Boyadzhiev Y, Budnik A, Burmaz J, Chohadzhiev S, Conard NJ, Cottiaux R, Čuka M, Cupillard C, Drucker DG, Elenski N, Francken M, Galabova B, Ganetsovski G, Gély B, Hajdu T, Handzhyiska V, Harvati K, Higham T, Iliev S, Janković I, Karavanić I, Kennett DJ, Komšo D, Kozak A, Labuda D, Lari M, Lazar C, Leppek M, Leshtakov K, Vetro DL, Los D, Lozanov I, Malina M, Martini F, McSweeney K, Meller H, Menđušić M, Mirea P, Moiseyev V, Petrova V, Price TD, Simalcsik A, Sineo L, Šlaus M, Slavchev V, Stanev P, Starović A, Szeniczey T, Talamo S, Teschler-Nicola M, Thevenet C, Valchev I, Valentin F, Vasilyev S, Veljanovska F, Venelinova S, Veselovskaya E, Viola B, Virag C, Zaninović J, Zäuner S, Stockhammer PW, Catalano G, Krauß R, Caramelli D, Zariņa G, Gaydarska B, Lillie M, Nikitin AG, Potekhina I, Papathanasiou A, Borić D, Bonsall C, Krause J, Pinhasi R, and Reich D

Subjects
Agriculture history, Asia ethnology, DNA, Ancient, Europe, Female, Genetics, Population, Grassland, History, Ancient, Humans, Male, Sex Distribution, Farmers history, Genome, Human genetics, Genomics, Human Migration history
Abstract

Farming was first introduced to Europe in the mid-seventh millennium bc, and was associated with migrants from Anatolia who settled in the southeast before spreading throughout Europe. Here, to understand the dynamics of this process, we analysed genome-wide ancient DNA data from 225 individuals who lived in southeastern Europe and surrounding regions between 12000 and 500 bc. We document a west-east cline of ancestry in indigenous hunter-gatherers and, in eastern Europe, the early stages in the formation of Bronze Age steppe ancestry. We show that the first farmers of northern and western Europe dispersed through southeastern Europe with limited hunter-gatherer admixture, but that some early groups in the southeast mixed extensively with hunter-gatherers without the sex-biased admixture that prevailed later in the north and west. We also show that southeastern Europe continued to be a nexus between east and west after the arrival of farmers, with intermittent genetic contact with steppe populations occurring up to 2,000 years earlier than the migrations from the steppe that ultimately replaced much of the population of northern Europe.

Published
2018
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