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Sustainability is vital in manufacturing industries for the fabricating products with economic, social and environmental attention. The current study uses stir casting fabricating methodology to manufacture aluminium LM25 alloy reinforced with 7.5 wt.% Silicon Carbide (SiC) and 2.5 wt.% Titanium Oxide (TiO2) hybrid metal matrix composite (HMMC). The microstructural and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis is supported to confirm hybrid reinforcement's existence and even distribution in the aluminium matrix. The Vicker's hardness of 110.25 HV is measured for the manufactured composite. The machinability behaviour of the fabricated HMMC is studied using electrical discharge machining (EDM) to achieve the optimum material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR) through Taguchi integrated grey relational analysis (TGRA). To get the best machining results, the impact of machining process variables such as pulse on time (Ton), current (I), and voltage (V) was examined. To determine the importance of process variables on the machining responses, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was also conducted. The optimum machining process variables were revealed concerning the machining process variables such as pulse on time 100 μs, current 6 A, and voltage 25 V. ANOVA analysis confirmed that the current with a percentage significance of 71.52%, is the most important EDM machining process variable followed by pulse on time and voltage. Further, the machined surface is examined through a hi-resolution scanning electron microscope (HRSEM) and 3D optical profilometer. The formation of a white layer, craters and bubbles on the machined area are observed for varying machining conditions. The fabricated HMMC can be utilized in the automobile applications such as pistons, brake discs, gears and cylinders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the trendiest areas in the world of materials research is multifunctional polymer nanocomposites. The long-term behaviour of fibre-reinforced polymer composites exposed to cryogenic environments is discussed in this article in light of current advancements. The composites were created using the standard hand layup procedure in order to achieve the aforementioned goals. Crown flower fibre (CF) serves as a reinforcement, while 3 wt.% of nano-SiO2 and 3 wt.% of zinc borates (4ZnO·B2O3·H2O) serve as fillers, and the LY566 type of epoxy resin with the HY 951 type of hardener were considered as a matrix system. To complete the mentioned objectives, three types of composites were fabricated: pure epoxy-based CF laminate, CF/3 wt.% of nano SiO2 hybrid, and CF/3 wt.% of nano 4ZnO·B2O3·H2O-based hybrid laminates. Analysis of the mechanical behaviour of composite materials that had been created was done under both normal and cryogenic circumstances at two distinct temperatures (−60 and 30 °C). To investigate the flammability properties of the hybrid composites, tests with horizontal and vertical flame retardants were conducted. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies were used to validate the nanofiller's existence. The manufactured CF/3 wt.% of SiO2-based hybrid composites have good mechanical capabilities in a cryogenic environment of −60 °C, according to the results. This is because the 3 wt% SiO2-loaded samples are more resistant to deformation and can take more force before breaking at the impact zone because they have a larger surface area per volume fraction and better adhesion. In terms of flammability characteristics, the hybrid CF/ 3 wt.% of 4ZnO.B2O3.H2O (zinc borate) exhibits better results (burning rate of 7.14 mm/min). The burning rate was reduced as a result of the use of nanofillers. This is due to zinc borate's promising flame-retardant qualities, which prevent flame spread and aid in flame extinguishment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study looked at how adding SiO2 nanofillers to a nanocomposite made from basalt and epoxy laminate changed its mechanical, wear, and toughness properties. With the hand layup method, laminates were made by adding different amounts of SiO2 nanofillers to composites made of epoxy and basalt. Mechanical characteristics, such as hardness and impact, were examined following ASTM specifications. Wear experiments were conducted, maintaining a constant sliding distance for various weights and sliding velocities. The results demonstrated, that as the proportion of nanofillers increased, the impact and hardness qualities also increased. The composite with 2.5 weight percent of nanofillers exhibited the highest hardness at 27.52 HV, surpassing empty materials by more than 19%. A material containing 1.5 weight percent nanofillers demonstrated an impact strength of 168.21 MJ/m², representing a 29% increase, compared to the impact toughness of empty materials. Based on the wear data, adding SiO2 nanofillers greatly lowered the loss by wear in the basalt/epoxy composite. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) pictures were employed to analyse deteriorated and fragmented surfaces, with the outcomes showing good agreement with these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilization of composite materials in construction has recently exerted a significant impact on society, particularly concerning ecological responsibility and environmental considerations. On a daily basis, proposals advocating the use of emerging materials crafted from discarded or repurposed items are put forth to transcend the limitations posed by conventional resources. One notable aspect of this movement revolves around textile components, encompassing fibres such as wool, cotton, cannabis, and flax. Over the past decade, there has been a heightened focus on worn clothing, as it represents an unprocessed product that holds both commercial viability and ecological benefits. Approximately 1.5 percent of the global waste generated daily comprises textile scraps, with blue jeans, crafted from cotton, standing out as the most prevalent type of apparel worldwide. Textile scraps find new life through recycling, serving various purposes such as the creation of electrical wires, the production of pulverized substances for temperature and acoustic insulation materials, and the incorporation as filler or reinforcement in concrete construction. This paper delves into multiple themes, covering (i) the adverse environmental impacts stemming from the extensive use of clothing; (ii) the recycling and reclamation of textile waste; and (iii) the utilization of waste and reclaimed materials from textiles as building components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to its similar qualities to glass fiber, basalt fiber (BF) represents one of the more attractive organic reinforcements for polymeric composites. The incorporation of nanofiller into polymer mixtures aims to improve the materials' mechanical characteristics. In principle, enhanced composite qualities might be achieved by adding a strong and rigid nanofiller, such as silicon carbide (SiC) and nano-clay (NC). A compression molding process was employed to produce various basalt materials. In accordance with ASTM standards, mechanical features, such as tensile strength and tensile modulus, were examined. The laboratory experimental results indicated an increase in the tensile strength and dimensional rigidity of the basalt composite with the rising amount of fillers. Measurements were taken to evaluate how various weights (10 to 30 N) and sliding distances (1000 to 4000 m) affected the materials' ability to withstand wear. The coefficient of friction showed a slight increase with the NC-based basalt composite, whereas the nano SiC and SiC/NC filler-filled hybrids exhibited a decrease in the coefficient of friction. With the addition of fillers, the wear loss of the hybrids decreased, while the sliding distance increased. SEM was employed to investigate the failure processes of the deteriorated surfaces of both filled and empty materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]