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Objectives: To investigate whether the pretreatment hemogram parameters and their ratios can be used in predicting the endometrial transformation in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding., Material and Methods: Records of all patients who underwent an endometrial histopathological evaluation between 2011 and 2021 were investigated. Hemogram, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were analyzed. Chi square and Mann Whitney U tests were used for analysis. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant., Results: 427 patients were included, of whom 117 were presented with endometrial hyperplasia without atypia (27.4%; mean age, 42±9.7; Group II), 70 with atypia (16.3%; mean age, 53.4±9; Group III), 102 with early endometrial cancer (EC) (23.8%; mean age, 63±7.8; Group IV) and 38 with advanced disease (8.8%; mean age, 63.3±10.5; Group V). Patients without pathology constituted the control group (23.4%; mean age, 42.2±9.5; Group I). Risk factors for atypia and carcinoma were determined as age, postmenopausal state, obesity, diabetes, and increased estrogen exposure (each, p<0.05). There was no significant difference in NLR and PLR (p>0.05). However, hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were higher in Groups IV and V (13.9 vs 13.1 mg/dL, and 39.1 vs 38.8%, respectively; p<0.01). Platelet value was significantly higher in Groups III to V (282x109/L, 283x109/L and 295x109/L; p<0.05, p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively)., Conclusions: Our findings support the impact of inflammation on malign transformation from normal endometrial mucosa to atypia and carcinoma. NLR and PLR values showed no statistical difference. Instead, thrombocytosis may have a predictive role in EC., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2023 Firat et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

The aim of the study was to assess the standard foetal biometric measurements and foetal liver volume (FLV) in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) at the time of GDM screening and to compare the results with foetuses in normal pregnancies. Ninety-seven pregnant women with normal singleton uncomplicated pregnancies between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation were allocated into GDM (+) (n: 33) and GDM (-) (n: 64) groups based on their 75 g oral glucose tolerance test results. Foetal biometric measurements and FLV measurements of the groups were compared. Although there were no significant differences in the standard biometric measurements between the two groups, FLV was significantly higher in the women with GDM (p < .01). The ROC analysis implied that with a cut-off value of FLV of 32.72 cm 3 for GDM prediction, the sensitivity was 78.8% and specificity was 56.3%. We suggest that FLV measurements during the second-trimester ultrasound scanning may be a tool for the prediction of GDM in the obstetric population. Impact statement What is already known on this subject? GDM is an important pregnancy disease, because of its possible foetal and maternal complications. Besides the standard biometric measurements, some other foetal body dimensions such as the anterior abdominal wall thickness, skinfold thickness, adipose tissue thickness, Wharton's jelly thickness, foetal liver length and foetal liver volume (FLV) have been evaluated as ultrasound parameters of glycaemic control. While the evaluation of foetal liver dimensions has a role in identifying foetal growth acceleration, previous studies addressed patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus rather than gestational diabetes mellitus, utilised two-dimensional ultrasound and did not argue the diagnostic value of these findings. What do the results of this study add? In our study, besides the standard biometric measurements, the FLV measurements were evaluated by a three-dimensional ultrasound. Although there were no significant differences in the standard biometric measurements between the GDM (+) and GDM (-) groups, the FLV was significantly higher in women with GDM. The FLV was found to be a potential predictive factor for GDM. The ROC analysis implied that as a cut-off value of FLV of 32.72 cm 3 for GDM prediction, the sensitivity was 78.8% and the specificity was 56.3%. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practise and/or further research? Screening for GDM with oral glucose tolerance test within the limited weeks of gestation may not always be feasible. On the other hand, the mid-trimester ultrasound scanning is done almost in all pregnancies. Accordingly, FLV measurement might be an alternative method for the GDM diagnosis.

Aims: To determine the prevalence of wound infection following cesarean delivery, risk factors, common bacterial pathogens and their antibiotic sensitivity., Material-Method: The study population consisted of 5787 cesarean deliveries. All of the patients received 2 g doses of cephazolin perioperatively for antibiotic prophylaxis. Patients with wound infection who had two doses of 1 g cephazolin postoperatively and who were continued on oral preparations of 500 mg of cephuroxime twice daily for 5 days after hospital discharge were included in Group A. Patients with wound infection whose postoperative antibiotics and antibiotics after discharge were omitted were included in Group B. Patient related variables, gestational age, co-morbidities, cesarean section indications, neonatal intensive care requirements were assessed. Risk factors were evaluated according to the type of the procedure (elective or emergent) and administered antibiotic protocol., Results: The incidence of wound infection following cesarean section was 0,37% in elective operations and 5,4% in emergency cases. On the other hand, wound infection rate was found to be 1,35% in antibiotic receiving group (Group A) and 1,12% in the group not receiving antibiotics (Group B)., Conclusion: Increased rate of wound infections were remarkable in emergency cases and postoperative antibiotics did not have a major impact in reducing the rate of wound infection following cesarean section., (Copyright © 2016 Japanese Society of Chemotherapy and The Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To determine Turkish women's opinion about vaginal birth., Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Süleymaniye Maternity Research and Training Hospital in İstanbul, Turkey, between February 2015 and April 2015. The participants of this study were 100 primiparous pregnant women who had vaginal deliveries. The women were interviewed face-to-face after the birth. Data were collected through a socio-demographic and clinical questionnaire., Results: Ninety percent of the women reported vaginal birth as the ideal mode of delivery route; a minority of the women (10%) had decided on cesarean birth before having a vaginal birth. Anxiety of pain was the major factor that influenced choice of delivery type before giving birth. After vaginal birth, 84% of women were satisfied with vaginal birth and reported that they would prefer vaginal birth for their next pregnancy. However, 16% reported that they would prefer cesarean birth for their next pregnancy due to pain of labor, pain of episiotomy, anxiety, and prolonged duration of labor., Conclusion: The results suggest the majority of women prefer to give birth vaginally and reported vaginal birth as the ideal choice., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: No conflict of interest was declared by the authors.