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In the present study, the suitability of a modified concentrate feeding station (CFS) was tested in a mixed-horned goat herd by analyzing the parameters of body condition (BCS), udder and body lesions, and behavior in the surrounding of the CFS before (survey year 1) and after (survey year 2) installation of a CFS adapted to goat behavior. BCS of the goats decreased slightly from survey year 1 to 2 (not significant), changes over the course of lactation were less apparent in survey year 2, which may indicate constant performance-based feeding. The behavioural pattern changed in comparison between both survey years, with the proportion of agonistic interactions increasing in survey year 2, although less lesions (body and udder) were detected. In conclusion, in this herd the modified and spatially reoriented concentrate feeding station provided an opportunity for individualized feeding while reducing lesions in the herd. Further research is needed to evaluate the potential number of animals per station as well as the managerial benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Die Aufgaben eines Teamarztes im Behindertensport sind vielfältig. Natürlich steht wie auch im Regelsport die Prävention, das Erkennen und die Behandlung von Erkrankungen und Verletzungen sowie das Antidopingmanagement im Vordergrund. Hierbei sind auch spezifische Kenntnis betr. der Behinderungen der Athleten notwendig. Und schließlich sollte sich der Teamarzt im Klassifizierungssystem der jeweiligen Sportart gut auskennen. The tasks of a team doctor in disabled sports are varied. Of course, as in regular sport, the prevention, recognition and treatment of illnesses and injuries as well as anti-doping management are of primary importance. This also requires specific knowledge of the athletes' disabilities. And finally, the team doctor should be well versed in the classification system of the respective sport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Entwicklungen und sportartspezifsche Besonderheiten des Verletzungsgeschehens müssen bei der Ableitung zielführender Präventivmaßnahmen berücksichtigt werden. Die Studie geht daher der Frage nach, inwiefern sich die Verletzungsinzidenz im Deutschen Profiteamsport im Längsschnitt entwickelt hat und ob sportspezifische Trends sowie Unterschiede bei der Verletzungsentstehung zu beobachten sind. Fortlaufende prospektive offene Kohorten-Studie seit dem 1. Juli 2014. Vollerhebung aller der Verwaltungs-Berufsgenossenschaft (VBG) gemeldeten und als Arbeitsunfall anerkannten Akutverletzungen in den beiden höchsten Spielklassen der Männer in den Sportarten Basketball, Eishockey, Fußball und Handball. Systematische Videoanalyse aller im Videomaterial eindeutig identifizierbaren moderaten und schweren Wettkampfverletzungen. Epidemiologische Auswertung von insgesamt 42.037 Verletzungen, die zu 514.677 Ausfalltagen führten. Durchschnittlich erlitt jeder Spieler pro Saison zwischen 1,9 (Basketball) und 2,7 (Fußball) Verletzungen. Innerhalb aller vier Sportarten zeigte sich über die sechs betrachteten Saisons ein Rückgang der kumulativen Saisoninzidenzen, wobei der deutlichste Rückgang im Handball (von 2,5 auf 1,9 Verletzungen pro Spieler und Saison) zu verzeichnen ist. Die vier Sportarten zeigen erhebliche Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Häufigkeiten, betroffenen Körperregion und der Entstehung von Verletzungen. Folglich bedarf es sportartspezifischer Präventionsmaßnahmen, die sich an den jeweiligen Verletzungsursachen orientieren. Evidenzebene: Level II. Trends and sport-specific characteristics of the injury occurrence have to be considered when developing appropriate preventive measures. The study therefore investigates the question of the longitudinal development of injury incidence in German professional team sports and if sport-specific trends and differences in injury occurrence can be observed. Ongoing prospective open cohort study since 1 July 2014. Full survey of all acute injuries reported to the Verwaltungs-Berufsgenossenschaft (VBG) and approved as occupational accidents in the two highest men's divisions in basketball, ice hockey, football and handball. Systematic video analysis of all moderate and severe match injuries clearly identifiable in the video footage. Epidemiological analysis of in total 42,037 injuries resulting in 514,677 days of absence. On average, each player sustained between 1.9 (basketball) and 2.7 (football) injuries per season. Within all four sports, a decline in cumulative season incidence rates was observed over the six seasons considered, with the most significant drop in handball (from 2.5 to 1.9 injuries per player and season). The four sports show considerable differences in terms of incidence, injured body locations and injury inciting events. Thus, there is a need for sport-specific preventive approaches that are oriented towards the respective causes of injury. Level of Evidence: Level II. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

this work, the basic results of the anthropological analyses of the skeletal remains from the largely Avar period, but also late antique and bronze age dated archaeological site Bruckneudorf/Burgenland are presented. Out of more than 400 inhumations, 383 Avar period individuals could be assessed, including 205 adults and 178 children and juveniles. The skeletons are mostly well preserved. There are about a quarter more adult males than females buried at this site. The males had a mean body height of approx. 166 cm and the females of approx. 157 cm. The fracture frequencies at the postcranial bones are low, males are more often affected than females. Skull fractures are also rare, the signs of interpersonal violence are low, some males were affected by a decapitation. On some individuals, signs of infectious diseases like tuberculosis and brucellosis were visible. A low caries frequency was found, although the frequency of intravitam tooth loss and an increase in signs of deficiency disease at teeth, mainly at the age of five years, were obvious. A large part of the individuals over 40 years was affected from degenerative changes in the spine, nearly double the number of males than females. In total, the stress and strain signs in this group do not seem to be very high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Breaking hat sich mit seiner Mischung aus anspruchsvollen Tanzbewegungen und komplexen akrobatischen Bewegungen zu einer weltweit praktizierten Ausdrucksform entwickelt, welche nun in das Programm der Olympischen Spiele aufgenommen wurde. Eine damit einhergehende Professionalisierung und Steigerung von Trainingsumfängen und -intensitäten erhöht dabei auch die Ansprüche an das muskuloskelettale System der Sportler. Über Verletzungsmuster, Ausmaß, Ursache und Präventionsansätzen ist bisher noch wenig bekannt. Ziel dieses systematischen Reviews ist es , Verletzungsprofile im Breaking zu identifizieren und herauszufinden, welches Trainingsverhalten zu Verletzungen beiträgt, um infolgedessen effektive Präventionsmaßnahmen zu entwickeln. Es erfolgte eine systematische Literaturrecherche in verschiedenen Datenbanken (PubMed, web of science, SAGEPub, JStor und CINAHL). Von den initial 24 Treffern wurden nach Anwendung der Ein- und Ausschlusskriterien 9 Studien untersucht und analysiert. Es konnte ein detailliertes Verletzungsprofil mit Angaben zu Trainingsverhalten und verschiedenen Verletzungsparametern erstellt werden: 78,4% des Trainings findet ohne Anleitung statt. Die am häufigsten verletzten Körperregionen sind Hand (18,8%), Wirbelsäule (17,9%) und Knie (17,4%). Die häufigste Verletzungsursache ist eine insuffiziente Erwärmung (57,7%). Anhand dieser und weiterer Ergebnisse wurden erste Präventionsmaßnahmen abgeleitet. Neben der dem Breaking inhärenten intensiven körperlichen Belastung scheint die Art der Trainingsgestaltung für das hohe Verletzungsrisiko mitverantwortlich zu sein. Mit den Erkenntnissen kann das Verständnis bei medizinischem und trainingswissenschaftlichem Personal für diese Tanzform verbessert werden und das Training hinsichtlich der Verletzungsprävention optimiert werden. Die Maßnahmen umfassen Trainingsrhythmus und -dauer, Schutzbekleidung, Bodenbeschaffenheit, ergänzendes Fitnesstraining und das Erkennen von Frühwarnzeichen. Außerdem zeigte sich, dass es weiteren Forschungsbedarf gibt, um die Trainingsgestaltung weiter zu professionalisieren. Breaking, with its mixture of demanding dance moves and complex acrobatic movements, has become a form of dance expression practiced worldwide, which has now been included in the program of the Olympic Games. The accompanying professionalization and increase in training volumes and intensity also increases the demands on the musculoskeletal system of athletes. However, little is known about the extent, cause, injury patterns and prevention approaches. The aim of this systematic review is to identify injury profiles in breaking, highlight training behaviors that contribute to injuries and to propose effective prevention measures. A systematic literature search was conducted using various databases (PubMed, web of science, SAGEPub, JStor and CINAHL). The initial search produced twenty-four results. However, only nine met the inclusion criteria and where further analyzed. A detailed injury profile with information on training behavior and various injury parameters could be created: 78.4% of the training takes place without supervision. The most frequently injured body regions are: hand (18.8%), spine (17.9%) and knee (17.4%). The most common cause of injury was an insufficient warm-up (57.7%). Based on these and other results, initial prevention measures were derived. In addition to the intense physical stress inherent in breaking, the way training is designed seems to be partly responsible for the high risk of injury. The findings can be used to improve the understanding among medical and kinesiological staff for this dance form and to optimize Breaking training with regard to injury prevention. For injury prevention, we suggested dancers take into consideration: training rhythm and duration, protective gear, floor conditions, supplemental fitness training, and recognition of early warning signs. Lastly our findings suggest a need for further research in order to further professionalize the training design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Reiten ist eine hoch koordinative Sportart mit nur geringer kardio-pulmonaler Ausdauerkomponente. Dabei können Kinder schon frühzeitig mit dem Pferd in Kontakt gebracht werden und besonders Voltigieren stellt für sie eine gute Möglichkeit dar, unter kontrollierten Bedingungen den Zugang zum Pferd zu finden. Voraussetzung ist die sichere Stabilisierung der Wirbelsäule und Kontrolle des Kopfes, wobei die dreidimensionale Übertragung des Schwingungsimpulses vom Pferderücken auf den Reiterrücken positive Effekte aufweist und Überlastungsschäden dabei nicht zu erwarten sind. Der Pferdesport geht mit einem erhöhten Unfallrisiko einher, besonders auch in der Altersgruppe der unter 18-Jährigen. Die meisten Verletzungen ereignen sich beim Reiten selbst, aber auch beim Umgang mit dem Pferd. Neben Verletzungen der oberen und unteren Extremitäten machen Kopfverletzungen bereits im Kindes- und Jugendalter einen erheblichen Anteil aus. Die beste Unfallprävention ist eine gute Ausbildung, die nicht nur das Reiten selbst, sondern auch den Umgang mit dem Pferd und eine korrekte Selbsteinschätzung der eigenen reiterlichen Fähigkeiten beinhaltet. Der wichtigste Ausrüstungsgegenstand ist ein gut passender Reithelm. Riding is a highly coordinative sport with rather low cardio-pulmonary endurance component. Children can be brought into contact with horses at an early age and vaulting is a great way for children to gain access to the horse under controlled conditions. Preconditions are a good stabilization of the spine and control of the head, although the three-dimensional transmission of the vibration impulse from the horse's back to the rider's back has positive effects and overload damage is not to be expected. Equestrian sport is associated with an increased risk of accidents, especially in the age group under 18. Most injuries occur while riding, but handling the horse repeatedly leads to severe injuries. In addition to injuries of the upper and lower extremities, head injuries take already a big part in children and adolescents. The best injury prevention is good training, which not only includes riding itself, but also handling the horse and a correct self-assessment of your own riding skills. The most important piece of equipment is a well-fitting riding helmet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Skateboarden wurde in den 1950er Jahren populär. Seither haben sich sowohl die Boards selbst als auch die Materialien weiterentwickelt. Und so auch die Bandbreite an Tricks, Sprüngen und Einsatzmöglichkeiten. Darüber hinaus entwickelten sich über die Jahre verschiedene Disziplinen und Skateboarden wurde zum Lifestyle. Die wachsende Popularität des Sportes ging mit einer steigenden Anzahl an Traumen einher. Zu den häufigsten Verletzungsarten zählen Verstauchungen, Prellungen, Brüche sowie oberflächliche Wunden und Abschürfungen. Brüche sind vor allem an den oberen Extremitäten zu finden, Zerrungen und Verstauchungen hingegen betreffen vorwiegend die unteren Extremitäten. Des Weiteren geht der Skateboardsport mit einem erhöhten Risiko für Schädel-Hirn-Traumen (SHT) einher, wohingegen Verletzungen des Thorax und Abdomen seltener anzutreffen sind. Auch im Vergleich der verschiedenen Disziplinen können unterschiedliche Verletzungsmuster festgestellt werden. So steht das wendigere Skateboard eher mit muskuloskelettalen, das schnellere Longboard hingegen vermehrt mit Kopfverletzungen in Verbindung. Beim Street-Skating treten in erster Linie Sprunggelenkdistorsionen auf, während Bowl-Skater ein höheres Risiko für Handverletzungen aufweisen. Zu den Risikofaktoren für Skateboardunfälle sind neben Umweltfaktoren und schlechten Straßenverhältnissen auch Müdigkeit, wie mangelndes Training und schlechte Fitness zu zählen. Daneben sollte auch nicht unerwähnt bleiben, dass Skateboards häufig unpassender Weise als Spielzeug oder Accessoire, anstatt als Sportgerät Verwendung finden. Das Risiko für schwere Verletzungen ist bei älteren Jugendlichen höher als bei Kindern. Dies könnte auf den vermehrten Verzicht auf Protektoren, oder auch eine zu hohe Selbsteinschätzung zurückzuführen sein. Ein adäquates Training sowie passende Schutzausrüstung sind essentielle Präventionsmaßnahmen zur Vermeidung von Skateboardverletzungen. Skateboarding as we know it became popular in the 1950s. Since that time the materials as well as boards themselves have undergone significant developments. And so has the range of uses as well as tricks, jumps being performed on and with the board. Over time, different disciplines developed and the sport became more and more specific, turning into its very own lifestyle. The growing popularity of the sport was subsequently accompanied by an increase in injuries. The most common types of injuries are sprains, contusions, fractures and superficial wounds. Fractures are mainly located at the upper extremities, primarily distal of the elbow joint. Whereas the lower limbs, especially the ankle joint are mainly affected by sprains. Moreover, skateboarders do have a high risk for traumatic brain injury (TBI), whereas thoracic and abdominal traumata are less common. Comparing various boarding disciplines, there can be observed different patterns of injury. While the more agile skateboard is mainly associated with musculoskeletal traumas, accidents with longboards which are built for speed lead to higher numbers of head injuries. While street-skating is known as being related to ankle distortions, bowl-skaters are more prone to sustain injuries in the wrist and hand. Among others, fatigue, lack of training or fitness as well as bad road or environmental conditions are causal factors concerning such accidents. Besides, it should not go unmentioned that skateboards are often inappropriately taken as toys or accessories rather than sports equipment. The incidence of severe trauma seems to be higher in adolescents than in children. This may be a result of skaters not wearing protection gear or overestimating themselves regarding their level of skill. Therefore, an adequate training as well as appropriate equipment are some essential measures in the preventions of skateboard injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Die Professionalisierung im Sport von Menschen mit Behinderungen geht mit einer Zunahme gesundheitlicher Beschwerden einher. Ein Fragebogen zur Erhebung von Verletzungen und Erkrankungen wurde in die deutsche Sprache übersetzt und validiert. Zusätzlich erfolgte die Implementierung eines Fragebogens (PHQ-4) zur Erfassung der psychischen Gesundheit. Dieser wurde in einer Pilotphase an 40 Sportlern mit und ohne Behinderungen aus unterschiedlichen Sportarten getestet und zeigte mit einer Rücklaufquote von 80-97% eine hohe Akzeptanz bei den Athleten. In Zukunft soll die Erhebung auf eine mobil zugängliche Applikation umgestellt und auf das gesamte paralympische Team ausgeweitet werden. 3 Professionalisation of sports for people with disabilities is accompanied by an increase in health complaints. A questionnaire for the survey of injuries and illnesses was translated into German and validated. Additionally, a questionnaire (PHQ-4) was implemented to record mental health. This was tested in a pilot phase with 40 athletes with and without disabilities from different sports and showed a high acceptance with a response rate of 80-97%. In the future, the survey is to be converted to a mobile accessible application and extended to the entire Paralympic Team. 3 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Der anteriore, superiore Schulterquadrant enthält wesentliche, funktionell bedeutsame anatomische Strukturen des Schultergelenks. Dessen akromioklavikuläres Dach inklusive Processus coracoideus hat auch verbindende Elemente zu den Rotatorensehnen, den kapsulären Strukturen, aber auch zum Verlauf der Bizepssehne, zum Pulley-Komplex und zum anterioren Rotatorenintervall. Die anatomische Komplexität muss bei fraglichen isolierten Verletzungen im Bereich des anterioren, superioren Schulterquadranten berücksichtigt werden, da tatsächlich isolierte Verletzungen als Unfallfolge unwahrscheinlich sind. Für ein Gutachten ist daher eine komplexe Diagnostik nicht nur der vermuteten Verletzungsregionen, sondern auch deren Begleitstrukturen erforderlich. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Verletzungen im Bereich des Fußes und des Sprunggelenks können häufig konservativ behandelt werden. Hierbei sollte jedoch eine entsprechend angepasste Therapie durchgeführt werden. Im Beitrag wird auf Verletzungen der Achillessehne, OSG(oberes Sprunggelenk)-Frakturen, Syndesmosenverletzungen, OSG-Außenbandrupturen sowie funktionelle Instabilitäten und Mittelfußfrakturen des 5. Strahls eingegangen. Hierbei erfolgt ein aktueller Überblick über die konservative Therapie, allerdings werden auch entsprechende Grenzen aufgezeigt, wobei jeweils nicht auf eine entsprechende allumfassende Abhandlung eingegangen werden kann. Im Rahmen der entsprechenden konservativen Therapie sollte, soweit möglich, eine frühfunktionelle Therapie mit entsprechender Belastung und frühzeitiger Übungsbehandlung durchgeführt werden. Nicht nur dem Behandler, sondern auch dem Patienten sollte klar sein, dass die konservative Therapie häufig eine längere Rekonvaleszenzzeit als bei operativer Therapie mit sich bringt - dies im Gegensatz zur häufig schnelleren Behandlungszeit bei operativen Interventionen, aber mit dem Nachteil der Operationsrisiken. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The high injury rate among men’s professional football players is well-known. Therefore, the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) launched an injury study already in 2001. This study, the UEFA Elite Club Injury Study (ECIS), currently includes data from a total of 51 clubs from 18 European countries with more than 14,000 registered injuries. With the 21st World Cup (WC) in Russia just around the corner, we have from our study identified a higher match injury rate and a higher proportion of severe injuries in the European Championships compared to the preceding club competitive seasons. Moreover, we have also recently showed that the muscle injury rate is higher when players are given a recovery window of five days or less between two matches. Considering the congested match schedule of the upcoming WC, it is therefore likely that injuries and fatigue once again will be a topic of discussion this summer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zusammenfassung Die vier größten Fußballligen in Europa, die Premier League in England (E), die La Liga in Spanien (S), die Bundesliga in Deutschland (D) und die Seria A in Italien (I), beschäftigen die besten Fußballspieler der Welt. Obwohl in diesen Ligen gleiches Regelwerk vorherrscht, der Zugang zum Sportmaterial identisch ist und von einem qualitativ vergleichbaren Niveau ausgegangen werden kann, unterscheiden sich die Häufigkeiten von Verletzungen und Überlastungsschäden sowohl national als auch im europäischen Vergleich immens (1). Da es trotz Konsensus (2,3,4) kein einheitliches Berichterstattungswesen in den europäischen vier Ligen gibt und lediglich in Deutschland zuverlässige Veröffentlichungen durch den Versicherer der Profisportler vorhanden sind (5), beruht jeder Vergleich auf den freiwilligen Angaben der Vereine oder Spieler. Die Veröffentlichung von Spielerverletzungen kann durchaus Auswirkungen auf die taktische Einstellung einer gegnerischen Mannschaft haben oder erheblich den Marktwert eines Spielers beeinflussen. Daher muss davon ausgegangen werden, dass nicht immer alle Angaben hinsichtlich eines Ausfallgrundes oder einer erlittenen Verletzung vollständig sind oder der Wahrheit entsprechen. Die vorliegende Untersuchung bezieht sich daher nicht auf die von den Vereinen angegebenen Diagnosen, sondern lediglich auf die durch die Arbeitsgruppe beobachtete Ausfallzeit der Spieler aufgrund einer Verletzung. Anhand von prospektiv gesammelten Daten der ersten Hälfte der Fußballsaison 2016/2017 wurde ermittelt, welche Ausfallzeiten und Ausfallquoten auftraten und in wieweit Zusammenhänge zwischen sportlichen Erfolgen, Marktwertentwicklung der Spieler sowie Mannschaftsgröße zu differenzieren waren. Als Ergebnis wird deutlich, dass eine enge Korrelation zwischen der Anzahl an Pflichtspielen und Anzahl an Tagen, an denen ein Spieler aufgrund einer Verletzung nicht einsatzfähig ist, besteht. Allerdings zeigt sich auch, dass eine hohe Anzahl an Pflichtspielen nicht zwangsläufig zu einer hohen Ausfallquote führt und insbesondere Mannschaften der Premier League in England trotz hoher Anzahl an Pflichtspielen wenig Verletzungsausfälle aufweisen. Mannschaften der Deutschen Bundesliga müssen trotz geringster Spielbelastung im europäischen Vergleich die höchsten Ausfallquoten kompensieren. Summary The top four football leagues in Europe are consistently working with the best football players in the world. These are: The Premier League in England (E), the La Liga in Spain (S), the Bundesliga in Germany (D) and the Seria A in Italy (I). The same rules prevail in these leagues; also, there is identical access to sports equipment and a similar level of performance can be assumed. However, the frequency of injuries and overload damage differ markedly both nationally and in a European comparison. Unfortunately, there is no uniform reporting system among the top four European leagues. Only in Germany are reliable figures and publications made by the insurer of the professional sportsmen made available (2). Therefore, each epidemiological comparison is based on the voluntary data of the clubs or players. The publication of a player's injury may have an effect on the tactical attitude of an opposing team or may significantly affect a player's market value. Therefore, it can be assumed that not all of the information regarding an injury or re-injury is completely forthcoming and truthful. The present investigation therefore does not refer to the diagnoses indicated by the associations but only to the time-loss due to injury observed by the working group. On the basis of prospectively collected data from the first half of the football season 2016/2017, comparison was made between the time loss due to injury and results of the teams involved during those periods. The relationship of both these variables and their connections to ultimate sporting successes, market value development of the players and squad sizes were analyzed. Within our results, it is clear that there is a close correlation between the number of compulsory games and the frequency of losses possibly attributable due to the injuries accrued. However, it is also apparent that a high number of compulsory games does not necessarily lead to a high unavailability rate due to injury. Especially the teams of the Premier League in England show fewer injuries despite a high number of regular fixtures. In contrast, teams in the German Bundesliga suffer the highest unavailability rates due to injury despite having the lowest number of regular fixtures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Foot injuries often lead to permanent functional impairments due to malalignment, painful non-unions and instabilities. The causes of foot malalignment that need correction are overlooked or inadequately treated injuries. Complicated postoperative courses with posttraumatic arthrosis, infections, osteonecrosis, non-unions and muscular imbalance can lead to malalignment requiring correction even if the initial treatment was performed correctly. Corrective interventions must take all functions of the foot into consideration. Attention must particularly be paid to the axial alignment of the hindfoot and the coupling of the forefoot. Ideally, corrective interventions must be carried out before the occurrence of accompanying arthrosis of neighboring joints. For restoration of function of the foot arthrodesis should remain limited to the directly affected joint. Deforming forces of predominantly motor muscle groups must be neutralized in order to avoid new deformities. This article gives an overview of corrective interventions of the hindfoot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The correct placement of bandages for immobilization or a functional splint is an essential part of the conservative and postoperative treatment in hand surgery. The classical plaster cast is easy to model and inexpensive. This article gives an overview of the various types of plaster casts for immobilization in hand injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The elbow joint is a complex connection of three different joints. Congruity and stability of the elbow joint depend on the integrity of the articular bony structures, the collateral ligaments and the extensor and flexor tendons of the forearm. In most cases instabilities of the elbow joint result from damage to the stabilizing bony and ligamentous structures. Recurrent microtrauma and overuse, e.g. in throwing sports, can lead to chronic instability resulting in complaints of the elbow joint. The primary goal in the treatment of elbow instabilities are the restoration of a stable and congruent joint. The aim of this review is to present the main diagnostic and therapeutic steps in the treatment of acute and chronic instabilities of the elbow joint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pediatric open fractures are rare with a proportion of less than 5 % of all fractures in children. In approximately one third of all cases the main location of these fractures is the forearm or the lower leg. In most cases the reasons for these injuries are often high impact force events, such as traffic accidents or a fall from a height. For this reason children should initially be treated according to international inclusion criteria and certain algorithms, such as advanced trauma life support in order not to overlook any life-threatening injuries. The classification of pediatric injuries is carried out as for adults according to Gustilo-Anderson; however, as a rule pediatric injuries with the same degree of severity have a better prognosis than these injuries in adults. At the same time, the treatment differs in many ways from adults, which is why it should be carried out in institutions with high expertise in pediatric injuries. Parents or custodians of the child should be involved in all decision-making processes from the very beginning. They should be aware of the characteristics of the pediatric organism with the high potential for spontaneous correction of the axis in the course of further growth up to the possibility of growth complications if the growth plate is damaged. In principle and as early as possible, calculated antibiotic treatment should be initiated. After rigorous cleansing and irrigation of the wound, a surgical intervention should follow in consideration of the characteristics of the pediatric organism in terms of the type of soft tissue management and the choice of implants for osteosynthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Notfall & Rettungsmedizin is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of German Journal of Sports Medicine / Deutsche Zeitschrift fur Sportmedizin is the property of Verein zur Forderung der Sportmedizin Hannover e.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)