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ABSTRACT: Objective: This study evaluates the antibacterial efficacy and cytocompatibility of titanium implants coated with silver, chitosan, and antibiotics. Materials and Methods: Antibacterial properties were tested using inhibition zones against S. aureus, E. coli , and P. aeruginosa. The cytocompatibility was assessed through cell viability, adhesion, and proliferation by using human osteoblast-like cells (MG-63). Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test. Results: Antibiotics showed the highest antibacterial activity. Silver reduced cell viability, adhesion, and proliferation, while chitosan balanced antibacterial efficacy and biocompatibility. Time-dependent viability assays indicated consistent reduction for silver-treated cells. Conclusion: Silver, chitosan, and antibiotics are effective against implant-related pathogens, but their cytocompatibility varies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT: Background: Oral mucosal lesions and ulcerations, prevalent in various dental and systemic conditions, frequently result in considerable discomfort and healing delays. This study evaluates the potential of rosiglitazone and apigenin as adjunctive treatments, focusing on their anti-inflammatory and wound-healing properties. Materials and Methods: A standardized three-dimensional human oral mucosal model was employed to assess the efficacy of rosiglitazone and apigenin. These compounds were applied in different concentrations and compared against a control group receiving no treatment. The primary outcomes measured were the reduction of inflammation, indicated by cytokine levels (IL-1 β , TNF- α) via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the rate of wound healing, evaluated through scratch assays and histological analysis over seven days. Results: Rosiglitazone exhibited a significant decrease in cytokine levels, with IL-1 β and TNF- α reduced by 40% and 35%, respectively, at 200 μg/mL compared to the control. Apigenin showed a more pronounced reduction, decreasing both cytokines by 50% at a concentration of 250 μg/mL. In terms of wound healing, rosiglitazone and apigenin enhanced closure rates by 60% and 75%, respectively, significantly outperforming the control group, which exhibited only a 25% closure. Histological assessments confirmed increased cellular proliferation and reduced inflammatory infiltration in the treatment groups. Conclusion: Rosiglitazone and apigenin demonstrate significant anti-inflammatory and wound-healing effects, suggesting their potential utility as effective adjunctive treatments for oral mucosal lesions and ulcerations. These results support further clinical trials to verify their therapeutic efficacy and safety in human patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT: Background: The strength of the binding between brackets and tooth surfaces has a major impact on how well orthodontic therapy works. The shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets may be strengthened by the invention of bonding agents supplemented with nanoparticles, thanks to recent developments in nanoparticle technology. Materials and Methods: In order to perform a randomized controlled experiment, 90 human premolars were excised for orthodontic purposes. Three groups of 30 teeth were randomly assigned to each group: Group A used a bonding agent augmented with nanoparticles of titanium dioxide (TiO2), Group B used nanoparticles of zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), and Group C used a standard bonding agent as a reference. The appropriate bonding chemicals were used to attach the brackets to the teeth, and a universal testing equipment was used to measure the shear bond strength. Stereomicroscopic analysis was used to evaluate the failure mechanisms. To do statistical analysis, Tukey's post hoc test and analysis of variance were used. Results: There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in the mean shear bond strength values across the groups. The average shear bond strength for Group A (TiO2) was 18.5 ± 2.3 MPa, that for Group B (ZrO2) was 17.2 ± 2.6 MPa, and that for Group C (control) was 14.8 ± 2.4 MPa. In comparison to Groups B and C, Group A exhibited a statistically greater bond strength, although Group B also showed an improvement over the control. According to the failure mode analysis, the control group had mostly adhesive failures, whereas the nanoparticle groups saw mixed failures. Conclusion: When TiO2 and ZrO2 nanoparticles are added to bonding agents, the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets is greatly increased in comparison to traditional bonding agents. TiO2-reinforced materials performed better, pointing to possible benefits for orthodontic applications. It is advised that further study be done to examine the long-term impacts and therapeutic implications of these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Telangiectatic osteosarcoma (TOS) is an uncommon pathology accounting for about 0.4%–12% of all osteosarcomas with predilection for younger adults. It is most frequently seen in the metaphysis of long bones, appearing as painful osteolytic mass that histopathologically characterized by dilated, blood‐filled vascular spaces lined by malignant osteoblasts along with osteoid formation. It has exchangeable clinical, radiological and pathological features with benign lesions like aneurysmal bone cyst and giant cell tumour of bone as well. Thus, delineating this malignancy from its benign counterparts is a crucial part in the therapeutic management. Aim: To report a case of telengiectatic osteosarcoma of jaw in a 17 year old female patient with special highlights on molecular diagnostics and therapeutic modules. Materials and Methods: A panel of immunohistochemical markers comprising of SATB2, CDK4, MDM2, panCK, CD31, desmin, NKX2.2 and TLE1 were employed in combination with fluorescent in‐situ hybridization to detect the prevalence of rearrangement in CDK4 and MDM2 genes. Results: On immunohistochemistry, the neoplastic cells were strongly positive for SATB2 and negative for CDK4, MDM2, panCK, CD31, desmin, NKX2.2 and TLE1. Fluorescent in‐situ hybridization of CDK4 and MDM2 genes was also negative. Conclusion: Considering its rarity in jaws combined with clinicopathological overlap with other benign pathologies, diagnosis of this entity is crucial in treatment planning and prognostic significance. Moreover, only five cases of TOS have been reported so far in the craniofacial region. Here, we have reported the sixth case of its kind with detailed clarification pertaining to its immunohistochemical and molecular aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: According to the WHO report of 2022, 2.21 million new cases and 1.80 million deaths were reported for lung cancer in the year 2020. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore novel, safe, and effective therapeutic interventions for lung cancer., Objective: To find the potential targets of vincamine using a network pharmacology approach and docking studies and to evaluate the anti-cancer effect of vincamine on A549 cell line., Methods: Hence, in the present study, we explored the anti-cancer potential of vincamine by using network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vitro approaches. Network pharmacology demonstrated that the most common targets of vincamine are G-protein coupled receptors, cytosolic proteins, and enzymes. Among these targets, two targets, ALK and ERBB2 protein, were common between vincamine and non-small cell lung cancer., Results: We discovered a link between these two targets and their companion proteins, as well as cancer-related pathways. In addition, a docking investigation between the ligand for vincamine and two targeted genes revealed a strong affinity toward these targeted proteins. Further, the in vitro study demonstrated that vincamine treatment for 72 h led to dosedependent (0-500 μM) cytotoxicity on the A549 lung cancer cell line with an IC 50 value of 291.7 μΜ. The wound-healing assay showed that vincamine treatment (150 and 300 μM) significantly inhibited cell migration and invasion. Interestingly, acridine orange/ethidium bromide dual staining demonstrated that vincamine treatment induces apoptosis in A549 cells. Additionally, the dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay showed an increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after the vincamine treatment, indicating ROS-mediated apoptosis in A549 cells., Conclusion: Altogether, based on our findings, we hypothesize that vincamine-induced apoptosis of lung cancer cells via ALK and ERBB2 protein modulation may be an attractive futuristic strategy for managing lung cancer in combination with chemotherapeutic agents to obtain synergistic effects with reduced side effects., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)