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Question 2 Which of these findings in histopathology may provide a clue to cytomegalovirus (CMV) co-infection in a patient with herpetic genital ulcer? In conclusion, we report a case of atypical exuberant genital ulcers in an HIV-positive patient which revealed co-infection with HSV and CMV on histopathology and showed sustained remission with aciclovir. CMV infection is usually asymptomatic, whereas in immunocompromised patients, the infection may be clinically apparent and is characterized by a poorer prognosis. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) allows precise real-time sampling of intrathoracic lesions and is a minimally invasive, safe, and cost effective technique with high diagnostic yield. The aim of the current study is to evaluate utility of EBUS-TBNA cytology with cellblocks (CBs) in the diagnosis and subtyping of the intrathoracic lesions. Materials and Methods: It was a prospective study conducted from October 2015 to October 2017. We received 233 cases of intrathoracic lesions for EBUS-TBNA, of which CB was made in 217 cases. A flexible endobronchial ultrasound scope was used to sample the lesions. Results: There were 89 females and 128 males amongst the total 217 patients (age range: 14–85 years, mean age: 48.35 years). The smears from EBUS-TBNA contained adequate material in 137/144 [95.1%] non-neoplastic cases and 34/36 [94.4%] of the neoplastic cases, whereas the CBs provided adequate material in 94/144 [65.3%] non-neoplastic cases and 37/40 [92.5%] neoplastic cases. The CB helped subtyping the malignancy in 19 cases and of these immunohistochemistry (IHC) was done on the CB in 15 cases. The biopsy was non-diagnostic in 17/36 cases of granulomatous pathology and 4/18 neoplastic cases diagnosed with EBUS-TBNA.3. Conclusions: EBUS-TBNA provides rapid diagnosis through cytology and the material recovered in the same setting for the CB preparation can be used for immunohistochemical analysis and it may at times provide the diagnosis in cases where the smears are non-diagnostic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is a pandemic of the new millennium. It was first reported in the Wuhan city, a huge metropolis of 11 million people in central China. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic. The virus became named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2), which was nomenclature by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Coronavirus is polymorphic spherical particles with spike like surface projections. The envelope of coronavirus consists of a lipid bilayer, where the four membrane protein is anchored i.e. S - spike, E - envelope, M - membrane, N - nucleocapsid. Inside envelop the N protein bound to the positive sense single stranded RNA (+ssRNA) genome. The size of the ssRNA genome is ?30000 nucleotide long. The coronavirus probably originated in bats, although it was not clear that how it was transmitted from bats to humans. In keeping with current evidence, coronavirus is transmitted between people through respiratory droplets and close contacts. RT-PCR is the most unique and sensitive for the detection of coronavirus and it is more beneficial for detecting the virus in the primary phase of the infection. It has been observed that there is no vaccine available for the treatment of coronavirus till now, but the S protein is presently considered to be one of the maximum promising targets for coronavirus vaccine development. Here, we review that the biology of the coronavirus in the term of an epidemiology, multiplication, diagnosis, transmission, prevention, treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current review deals with new method developement and validation for fluconazole by different HPLC and UPLC methods.A ample array of columns, different mobile phase combos, degassers used for the examination. Diverse flow rates where fine tuned for mobile phase combos. The developed methods were validated in keeping with the guidelines given by ICH.After deep examination of various research and dissimilar review articles it came to light that method development of drug fluconazole has been done in different dosage forms of fluconazole and still there is mammoth prospective for innovative methods to be developed with diverse mobile phase and column combinations by HPLC. These new-fangled method statistics are required by regulatory bodies. Method development of drug fluconazole by novel HPLC method has mammoth prospective for research as enormous effort has hitherto to be done in this field with innovative solvent combos and adjustment of new column characterstics and diverse wavelengths of detection by means of which novel method are developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]