18 results on '"Versantvoort CHM"'
Search Results
2. Methodologies to study human intestinal absorption. A review
- Author
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Versantvoort CHM, Rompelberg CJM, Sips AJAM, and LBM
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caco-2 cells ,mucosal sheets ,instestine ,risk assessment ,bioaccessibility ,perfusion ,everted sacs ,kinetics ,permeability ,using chamber ,bioavailability ,absorption ,mass balance - Abstract
In de risicobeoordeling worden blootstellingniveaus en normen uitgedrukt in een externe blootstelling (inname) terwijl de inwendige blootstelling (opname) bepaalt of er toxische effecten optreden. Van oraal ingenomen stoffen wordt vaak maar een fractie van de externe dosis opgenomen in het lichaam waardoor de opname van de stof lager is dan de inname. Dit rapport geeft een overzicht van de methodieken die veelal gebruikt worden om de absorptie van stoffen in de darm te bestuderen. In dit review ligt de nadruk op de bruikbaarheid van deze methodieken voor (ad hoc) risicoschatting. Daartoe worden de volgende eisen aan een methodiek gesteld: de methode moet snel, flexibel en relatief goedkoop zijn en moet een accurate schatting van de humane absorptie van oraal ingenomen stoffen in de darm kunnen maken. In vitro digestie- en Caco-2 transport modellen, waarmee de bioaccessibility en transport over de darmwand van stoffen bepaald kan worden, kunnen een waardevolle bijdrage leveren wanneer een snelle indicatie gewenst is van de humane absorptie van een stof uit een willekeurig product (bijv. geneesmiddelen, voeding, speelgoed, grond, etc). De informatie die met deze methodes verkregen wordt, kan geimplementeerd worden in humane blootstellingmodellen zoals CONSEXPO en kan bijdragen tot een betere risicoschatting.
- Published
- 2012
3. Development and applicability of an in vitro digestion model in assessing the bioaccessibility of contaminants from food
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Versantvoort CHM, Kamp E van de, Rompelberg CJM, and SIR
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cadmium ,food ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,aflatoxin b1 ,food and beverages ,risk assessment ,benzo(a)pyrene ,bioavailability ,ochratoxin a ,bioaccessibility ,soil - Abstract
Food is considered a major source for exposure to many contaminants. Only the fraction of the contaminant that is released from the food (bioaccessible) and is bioavailable (concentration in blood, organ and tissues) can exert toxic effects. The oral bioavailability of compounds is dependent on the food product, food processing or food preparation. This hampers an accurate risk assessment of ingested toxic compounds in humans. This report documents the development of an in vitro digestion model allowing for measurement of the bioaccessibility of ingested contaminants from food as an indicator of oral bioavailability. The applicability of the in vitro digestion model was investigated in 4 food products containing the following contaminants: cadmium in lettuce and radish, aflatoxin B1 in peanuts and ochratoxin A in buckwheat. The bioaccessibility of contaminants from food and other ingested matrices could be determined reproducibly, was dependent on its matrix and could be affected by the experimental conditions applied in the in vitro digestion model, e.g. simulating fasted or fed conditions. Not all the contaminants were released from their matrices during digestion, indicating that internal exposure to the contaminant was lower than the external exposure. The results of the (pre)validation of the in vitro digestion model with adsorbents and bioaccessibility of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A, show the in vitro digestion model as a possible powerful tool in predicting in vivo bioavailability of compounds.
- Published
- 2007
4. Consumer Product in vitro digestion model: bioaccessibility of contaminants from toys and application in risk assessment
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SIR, ARO, Oomen AG, Rompelberg CJM, Brandon EFA, van de Kamp E, Duits MR, Versantvoort CHM, van Engelen JGM, Sips AJAM, SIR, ARO, Oomen AG, Rompelberg CJM, Brandon EFA, van de Kamp E, Duits MR, Versantvoort CHM, van Engelen JGM, and Sips AJAM
- Abstract
RIVM rapport:Slechts een beperkt aantal normen zijn beschikbaar voor de aanwezigheid van contaminanten in speelgoed. De normen die er zijn, hebben veelal betrekking op metalen. In de onderbouwing van deze normen worden aannames gedaan, onder andere over de hoeveelheid speelgoed die door een kind kan worden ingeslikt. Daarnaast wordt er veelal van uitgegaan dat 100% van de contaminant anders dan voor een aantal metalen, dat in het speelgoed aanwezig is, in het bloed wordt opgenomen en zo eventueel schade in weefsels en organen kan veroorzaken. Deze aannames zijn echter zeker niet voor ieder type speelgoed en voor iedere contaminant realistisch.Om tot een realistische risicoschatting te komen zijn methodieken nodig om een goede inschatting te kunnen maken van de hoeveelheid contaminant die vrijkomt uit speelgoed indien hierop gesabbeld wordt (bijvoorbeeld bijtring) of delen worden ingeslikt (zoals vingerverf). In het huidige project is daarom het in vitro digestiemodel ontwikkeld. Hiermee kan worden onderzocht in welke mate de contaminant in het maagdarmkanaal wordt vrijgemaakt uit de speelgoedmatrix (de bioaccessible fractie) indien op speelgoed wordt gesabbeld en stukjes speelgoed eventueel worden doorgeslikt. Uit deze bioaccessible fractie kan eenvoudig een realistische schatting worden gemaakt van de hoeveelheid contaminant die de weefsels en organen kan bereiken.Het in vitro digestiemodel is zo opgezet dat het enerzijds de humane fysiologie van het maagdarmkanaal zo goed mogelijk weerspiegelt en anderzijds eenvoudig, snel en goedkoop uitvoerbaar is., There are only a limit number of regulatory standard for contaminants present in toys. These regulatory standards mainly concern metals. These regulatory standards are based on several assumptions, for example the amount of toy swallowed by a child. In addition, for other contaminants other than certain metals (e.g. lead) it is assumed that 100% of the contaminant in the toy will reach the blood circulation and thus can cause damage to tissues and organs. However, these assumptions are not realistic for each toy or contaminant.To come to a realistic risk assessment, methods are necessary for a more accurate estimation of the amount of contaminant that is released from a toy in case it is sucked on (for example teething ring) or parts are swallowed (like finger paint). Therefore, an in vitro digestion model was developed in the current project. The extent of release of the contaminant in the gastrointestinal tract from a toy matrix can be studied with this model (bioaccessible fraction) in case the toy is sucked on or parts are swallowed. Using this bioaccessible fraction, a realistic estimation of the amount of contaminant that reaches the tissues and organs can be made.The set-up of the in vitro digestion model was so that on the one hand the human physiology of the gastrointestinal tract is simulated as closely as possible and on the other hand that it is simple, fast and cheap method.
- Published
- 2005
5. Development and applicability of an in vitro digestion model in assessing the bioaccessibility of contaminants from food
- Author
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SIR, Versantvoort CHM, van de Kamp E, Rompelberg CJM, SIR, Versantvoort CHM, van de Kamp E, and Rompelberg CJM
- Abstract
RIVM rapport:Voeding is een belangrijke bron voor humane blootstelling aan contaminanten. Dit rapport beschrijft de ontwikkeling en toepasbaarheid van een in vitro digestiemodel waarmee het effect van een voedselproduct op de biobeschikbaarheid van een stof onderzocht kan worden. Met dit model wordt gemeten welke fractie van een stof vrijkomt tijdens het digestieproces (bioaccessibility). Alleen deze fractie is beschikbaar voor opname in het lichaam en kan toxiciteit veroorzaken. Dit model zou bij kunnen dragen tot verbetering van de humane risicoschatting van contaminanten uit voeding. De toepasbaarheid van het in vitro digestiemodel werd onderzocht aan de hand van 3 voedselproducten waarin contaminanten waren aangetroffen: cadmium in sla en radijs, aflatoxine B1 in pinda en ochratoxine A in boekweit. De bioaccessibility van een contaminant kon reproduceerbaar gemeten worden, was afhankelijk van de matrix waarin het zich bevond, en kon beinvloed worden door de toegepaste experimentele condities in het digestiemodel, bijvoorbeeld simulatie van nuchtere of gevoede condities. Niet alle contaminant werd vrijgemaakt uit de voedselproducten tijdens het digestieproces. Dit impliceert dat de interne blootstelling aan contaminant dus waarschijnlijk overschat wordt. De resultaten van de kwalitatieve validatie van het in vitro digestiemodel met aflatoxine B1 en ochratoxine A in aanwezigheid van adsorberende materialen tonen aan dat het in vitro digestiemodel een waardevol hulpmiddel kan zijn om de in vivo biobeschikbaarheid van stoffen te voorspellen., Food is considered a major source for exposure to many contaminants. Only the fraction of the contaminant that is released from the food (bioaccessible) and is bioavailable (concentration in blood, organ and tissues) can exert toxic effects. The oral bioavailability of compounds is dependent on the food product, food processing or food preparation. This hampers an accurate risk assessment of ingested toxic compounds in humans. This report documents the development of an in vitro digestion model allowing for measurement of the bioaccessibility of ingested contaminants from food as an indicator of oral bioavailability. The applicability of the in vitro digestion model was investigated in 4 food products containing the following contaminants: cadmium in lettuce and radish, aflatoxin B1 in peanuts and ochratoxin A in buckwheat. The bioaccessibility of contaminants from food and other ingested matrices could be determined reproducibly, was dependent on its matrix and could be affected by the experimental conditions applied in the in vitro digestion model, e.g. simulating fasted or fed conditions. Not all the contaminants were released from their matrices during digestion, indicating that internal exposure to the contaminant was lower than the external exposure. The results of the (pre)validation of the in vitro digestion model with adsorbents and bioaccessibility of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A, show the in vitro digestion model as a possible powerful tool in predicting in vivo bioavailability of compounds.
- Published
- 2004
6. Application of in vitro digestion models to assess release of lead and phthalate from toy matrices and azo dyes from textile
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SIR, ARO, Oomen AG, Versantvoort CHM, Duits MR, Kamp E van de, Twillert K van, SIR, ARO, Oomen AG, Versantvoort CHM, Duits MR, Kamp E van de, and Twillert K van
- Abstract
RIVM rapport:Children can be orally exposed to compounds by chewing, sucking and ingestion of toy (parts). Only the fraction of contaminant that is released from the toy in the gastrointestinal tract can reach the blood stream (internal exposure) and can contribute to toxicity. Three physiologically based in vitro digestion models have been developed in the present project. These digestion models can be used to estimate the amount of contaminant that can be released from toy during sucking and/or ingestion. By using only this released fraction of the contaminant for exposure assessment, the risk assessment can be refined and risks will be less easily overestimated. The present report describes application of the in vitro digestion models to several cases. Firstly, the effect is studied of the amount of matrix on the release of lead from chalk and paint chips in the stomach and intestinal phase. Furthermore, the release of phthalate from PVC disks, and the release of azo dyes from textile into saliva simulant is investigated. In all cases, considerably less than 100% of the contaminant was released into digestive juice, indicating that children are probably exposed to only a fraction of the contaminant load during sucking and/or ingestion of the tested matrices. The results of phthalate were compared to results of a human volunteer study., Kinderen kunnen worden blootgesteld aan stoffen afkomstig uit speelgoed als gevolg van sabbelen en eventueel inslikken van (stukjes) speelgoed. Alleen het deel van de contaminant dat is vrijgemaakt van het speelgoed in het maagdarmkanaal kan terechtkomen in de bloedbaan (interne blootstelling) en kan toxiciteit veroorzaken. In het huidige project zijn een drietal in vitro digestiemodellen ontwikkeld op basis van de fysiologie van het maagdarmkanaal van kinderen, waarmee op eenvoudige wijze kan worden geschat hoeveel van een contaminant vrijkomt als kinderen op de matrix sabbelen en/of inslikken. Door alleen dit vrijgekomen deel van de stof te gebruiken voor de blootstellingsschatting, kan de risicobeoordeling worden verfijnd en zullen minder snel risico's worden overschat. Het huidige rapport beschrijft het toepassen van de in vitro digestiemodellen aan verschillende (praktijk)voorbeelden. Ten eerste is het effect van de hoeveelheid matrix op het vrijkomen van lood uit stoepkrijt en verfschilders in maag- en darmsap bestudeerd. Tevens is het vrijkomen van ftalaat uit PVC schijfjes, en het vrijkomen van azo-kleurstoffen uit textiel in speekselsimulant bestudeerd. In alle gevallen kwam aanzienlijk minder dan 100% van de contaminant vrij. Dit betekent dat kinderen waarschijnlijk slechts aan een deel van de contaminanten in de bestudeerde matrices worden blootgesteld als ze op de matrix sabbelen of haar inslikken. De resultaten van ftalaat zijn vergeleken met data van een humane vrijwilligersstudie.
- Published
- 2004
7. ALTERED MRP IS ASSOCIATED WITH MULTIDRUG-RESISTANCE AND REDUCED DRUG ACCUMULATION IN HUMAN SW-1573 CELLS
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EIJDEMS, EWHM, ZAMAN, GJR, DEHAAS, M, VERSANTVOORT, CHM, FLENS, MJ, SCHEPER, RJ, KAMST, E, BORST, P, and BAAS, F
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TOPOISOMERASE-II ,DAUNORUBICIN ,POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL MODIFICATION ,MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN ,TRANSPORTER ,BETA-INTERFERON GENE ,MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE ,LINES ,LOCALIZATION ,DNA ,P-GLYCOPROTEIN EXPRESSION ,REDUCED DRUG ACCUMULATION - Abstract
We have analysed the contribution of several parameters, e.g. drug accumulation, MDR1 P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) and topoisomerase (topo) II, to drug resistance in a large set of drug-resistant variants of the human non-small-cell lung cancer cell line SW-1573 derived by selection with low concentrations of doxorubicin or vincristine. Selection with either drug nearly always resulted in MDR clones. The resistance of these clones could be explained by reduced drug accumulation and was associated with a decrease rather than an increase in the low MDR1 mRNA level. To test whether a decrease in MDR1 mRNA indirectly affected resistance in these cells, we introduced a MDR1-specific hammerhead ribozyme into wild-type SW-1573 cells. Although this led to a substantial reduction in MDR1 mRNA, it did not result in resistance. Tn all resistant clones we found an altered form of the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP), migrating slightly slower during SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis than MRP in parental cells. This altered MRP was also present in non-P-gp MDR somatic cell hybrids of the SW-1573 cells, demonstrating a clear linkage with the MDR phenotype. Treatment of crude cellular membrane fractions with N-glycanase, endoglycosidase H or neuraminidase showed that the altered migration of MRP on SDS-PAGE is due to a post-translational modification. There was no detectable difference in sialic acid content. In most but not all doxorubicin-selected clones, this MDR phenotype was accompanied by a reduction in topo II alpha mRNA level. No reduction was found in the clones selected with vincristine. We conclude from these results that selection of the SW-1573 cell line for low levels of doxorubicin or vincristine resistance, predominantly results in MDR with reduced drug accumulation associated with the presence of an altered MRP protein. This mechanism can be accompanied by other resistance mechanisms, such as reduced topo II alpha mRNA in case of doxorubicin selection.
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- 1995
8. RESISTANCE-ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN HUMAN SMALL-CELL LUNG-CARCINOMA GLC(4) SUB-LINES WITH INCREASING ADRIAMYCIN RESISTANCE
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VERSANTVOORT, CHM, WITHOFF, S, BROXTERMAN, HJ, KUIPER, CM, SCHEPER, RJ, MULDER, NH, DEVRIES, EGE, Guided Treatment in Optimal Selected Cancer Patients (GUTS), Groningen Institute for Gastro Intestinal Genetics and Immunology (3GI), and Molecular Neuroscience and Ageing Research (MOLAR)
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EXPRESSION ,HT1080/DR4 ,TRANSPORTER ,GLYCOPROTEIN ,DNA TOPOISOMERASE-II ,DRUG ACCUMULATION ,LOCALIZATION ,OVEREXPRESSION ,MULTIDRUG-RESISTANCE ,GENE - Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the in vitro-selected adriamycin-resistant human small-cell lung-carcinoma cell line GLC(4)A-ADR(150) displays multidrug resistance as the result of 3-fold decreased DNA-topoisomerase II (topo II) activity and a 6-fold reduction in adriamycin accumulation. Not the MDRI gene, but the MRP gene, was over-expressed in this cell line. The aim of our study was to establish which of these drug-resistance-associated factors are already involved in drug resistance occurring at early steps of selection with adriamycin. To address this question, changes in expression of topo II alpha/topo II beta, MRP and drug accumulation were measured along with adriamycin resistance (from 2- to 10- to 150-fold) and in a partial revertant cell line (10-fold resistant). Topo II alpha and II beta mRNA and protein levels were decreased in the resistant sub-lines, except in the 10-fold-resistant cell line. Cellular daunorubicin accumulation was decreased 1.2- to 5-fold with increasing resistance. MRP mRNA was over-expressed in all resistant sub-lines, with a marked increase in the 10-fold-resistant cells (level of expression as high as in the GLC(4)-ADR(150) cells). Expression of an ATP-binding 190-kDa membrane protein and Western-blot analysis with anti-MRP anti-serum ASPKE, was in accordance with the expression of MRP mRNA in all cell lines. Expression of MRP mRNA and protein, however, was not proportional with the decrease in drug accumulation in all resistant sub-lines. This study also shows that drug accumulation, topo II and MRP expression were all changed at the earliest stage of resistance development of GLC(4) cells upon adriamycin selection.
- Published
- 1995
9. Development and suitability of in vitro digestion models in assessing bioaccessibility of lead from toy matrices
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SIR, ARO, Oomen AG, van Twillert K, Hofhuis MFA, Rompelberg CJM, Versantvoort CHM, SIR, ARO, Oomen AG, van Twillert K, Hofhuis MFA, Rompelberg CJM, and Versantvoort CHM
- Abstract
RIVM rapport:Kinderen kunnen worden blootgesteld aan stoffen afkomstig uit speelgoed als gevolg van sabbelen en eventueel inslikken van (stukjes) speelgoed. Alleen het deel van de contaminant dat is vrijgemaakt van het speelgoed kan terechtkomen in de bloedbaan (interne blootstelling) en kan toxiciteit veroorzaken. In huidige risicoschatting wordt het vrijmaken van de contaminant uit speelgoed niet meegenomen, of wordt dit bepaald onder niet fysiologische omstandigheden. Daardoor kan het risico van kinderen door blootstelling aan contaminanten in speelgoed worden overschat. Met een in vitro digestiemodel gebaseerd op humane fysiologie kan een beter beeld worden verkregen van de hoeveelheid contaminant die vrijkomt uit speelgoed onder invloed van sabbelen en/of het digestieproces in het maagdarmkanaal. Het huidige rapport beschrijft de ontwikkeling van een drietal in vitro digestiemodellen die gebaseerd zijn op fysiologische omstandigheden in kinderen. Met deze modellen kan het vrijkomen van contaminanten uit speelgoed worden bepaald onder verschillende omstandigheden: 1) sabbelen aan speelgoed, 2) sabbelen aan speelgoed in combinatie met inslikken van het speelgoed, en 3) inslikken van speelgoed zonder een sabbelfase. De digestiemodellen zijn getest voor lood uit 4 verschillende speelgoedmatrices (stoepkrijt, bordkrijt, vingerverf, verfschilfers). Het gebruik van de in vitro digestiemodellen voor blootstellingsbeoordeling van contaminanten is bediscussieerd in relatie tot bestaande richtlijnen en het humane blootstellingsmodel CONSEXPO., Children can be orally exposed to compounds by chewing, sucking and ingestion of toy (parts). Only the fraction of contaminant that is released from the toy can reach the blood stream (internal exposure) and can contribute to toxicity. In present risk assessment the release of contaminants from toy is not considered, or is not determined under physiological conditions. As a consequence, the risk due to exposure to contaminants in toys can be overestimated. With an in vitro digestion model based on human physiology the amount of contaminant can be estimated that is released from toy during sucking and/or digestion in the gastrointestinal tract. The present report describes the development of three in vitro digestion models that are based on physiological conditions in children. With these models the release of contaminants from toy can be estimated for several circumstances: 1) sucking on toy, 2) sucking on toy in combination with swallowing of the toy matrix, and 3) swallow of toy matrix without a sucking phase. The digestion models are tested for lead for 4 different toy matrices (chalk for exterior use, chalk, finger paint, paint). The use of in vitro digestion models for exposure assessment of contaminants in relation to guidelines and CONSEXPO is discussed.
- Published
- 2003
10. Pharmacokinetics of ingested xenobiotics in children: A comparison with adults
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LBV, Zwart LL de, Haenen HEMG, Versantvoort CHM, Sips AJAM, LBV, Zwart LL de, Haenen HEMG, Versantvoort CHM, and Sips AJAM
- Abstract
RIVM rapport:Abstract niet beschikbaar, Both in the development of medicinal products as well as in risk assessment of other xenobiotics there is an increasing awareness that children should be considered as a special group. Children are exposed to other doses than adults and the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics can be very different in children and adults. In general it can be concluded that the effects of age on pharmacokinetics are most pronounced during the first 6-12 months of life. Full adjustment of dosing or TDI's for pharmacokinetic differences can relatively easily be applied and should, to our opinion be seen as a first step in considering risk for the paediatric population. For risk assessment for drugs as well as for other xenobiotics, it seems to be essential that young animal models will be used for determining NOAELs, that are relevant for the paediatric population. The use of a paediatric PBPK model possibly combined with pharmacodynamics (PBPK/PD model) may be a valuable aid in risk assessment.
- Published
- 2002
11. ANALYSIS OF THE EXPRESSION OF MRP, THE GENE FOR A NEW PUTATIVE TRANSMEMBRANE DRUG TRANSPORTER, IN HUMAN MULTIDRUG RESISTANT LUNG-CANCER CELL-LINES
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ZAMAN, GJR, VERSANTVOORT, CHM, SMIT, JJM, EIJDEMS, EWHM, DEHAAS, M, SMITH, AJ, BROXTERMAN, HJ, MULDER, NH, DEVRIES, EGE, BAAS, F, BORST, P, and Guided Treatment in Optimal Selected Cancer Patients (GUTS)
- Subjects
TOPOISOMERASE-II ,stomatognathic system ,TUMOR-CELLS ,LEISHMANIA ,ADRIAMYCIN ,AMPLIFICATION ,DNA ,P-GLYCOPROTEIN EXPRESSION - Abstract
Human cells can become multidrug resistant (MDR) by an increase in the activity of the MDR1 P-glycoprotein or by other, as vet unknown mechanisms, referred to as non-P-glycoprotein mediated MDR (non-Pgp MDR). S. P. C. Cole et al. [Science (Washington DC), 258: 1650-1654, 1992] recently reported that in two cell lines non-Pgp MDR was associated with the overexpression of a new putative membrane transporter gene, MRP. Using an RNase protection assay we have analyzed the expression of MRP in non-Pgp MDR sublines of the human lung cancer cell lines SW-1573 (non-small cell lung cancer) and GLC4 (small cell lung cancer). In all of ten SW-1573 derived lines examined the MRP mRNA level was equal to that in the parental line, whereas MRP was 25-fold overexpressed in a resistant subline of GLC4. We conclude that overexpression of MRP cannot account for all forms of non-Pgp MDR.
- Published
- 1993
12. Genetic transfer of non-P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR) in somatic cell fusion: Dissection of a compound MDR phenotype
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EIJDEMS, EWHM, BORST, P, JONGSMA, APM, de Jong, Steven, DEVRIES, EGE, VANGROENIGEN, M, VERSANTVOORT, CHM, NIEUWINT, AWM, BAAS, F, Guided Treatment in Optimal Selected Cancer Patients (GUTS), and Targeted Gynaecologic Oncology (TARGON)
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DRUG-RESISTANCE ,LUNG-CANCER ,DOXORUBICIN RESISTANCE ,TUMOR-CELLS ,CLEAVAGE ACTIVITY ,polycyclic compounds ,BETA-INTERFERON GENE ,DNA TOPOISOMERASE-II ,LINE ,CROSS-RESISTANCE ,KINETOPLAST DNA - Abstract
A non-P-glycoprotein-mediated mechanism of multidrug resistance (non-Pgp MDR) bas been identified in doxorubicin-selected sublines of the human non-small cell lung carcinoma cell lines SW-1573. These sublines are cross-resistant to daunorubicin, VP16-213, Vinca alkaloids, colchicine, gramicidin D, and 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidide (m-AMSA). They accumulate less drug than the parental cells and their resistance is not due to the MDR1-encoded P-glycoprotein, as the resistant cell lines have lost the low amount of MDR1 mRNA detectable in parental cells. Here we show that the resistant cell lines also contain less topoisomerase II mRNA and enzyme activity than the parental cells. This might contribute to the resistance of these lines to drugs interacting with topoisomerase II, such as doxorubicin, daunorubicin, and VP16-213, but cannot account for the resistance to the other drugs. We have tested whether all properties of the non-Pgp MDR cell lines cosegregate in somatic cell fusions between lethally gamma-irradiated, resistant donor cells and drug-sensitive acceptor cells. Whereas a MDR phenotype with reduced drug accumulation and the loss of MDR1 P-glycoprotein mRNA were cotransferred to the acceptor cells, the decrease in topoisomerase II gene expression was not. We conclude that the MDR phenotype, the reduced drug accumulation, and the loss of MDR1 P-glycoprotein MRNA are genetically linked. They might be due to a single dominant mutation, which does not cause the alteration in topoisomerase II.
- Published
- 1992
13. ENERGY-DEPENDENT PROCESSES INVOLVED IN REDUCED DRUG ACCUMULATION IN MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT HUMAN LUNG-CANCER CELL-LINES WITHOUT P-GLYCOPROTEIN EXPRESSION
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VERSANTVOORT, CHM, BROXTERMAN, HJ, PINEDO, HM, DEVRIES, EGE, FELLER, N, KUIPER, CM, LANKELMA, J, and Guided Treatment in Optimal Selected Cancer Patients (GUTS)
- Subjects
HL60 CELLS ,DOXORUBICIN RESISTANCE ,MEMBRANE-TRANSPORT ,INTRACELLULAR PH ,ADRIAMYCIN ,MDR1 ,VINCRISTINE ,ASCITES TUMOR-CELLS ,GENE-EXPRESSION ,MECHANISMS - Abstract
Mechanisms contributing to reduced cytotoxic drug accumulation were studied in two multidrug-resistant (MDR) human lung cancer cell lines without P-glycoprotein expression. In these (non-small cell) SW-1573/ 2R120 and (small cell) GLC4/ADR MDR cells, the steady-state accumulation of [C-14]daunorubicin was 30 and 12%, respectively, of that in the parent cells. When cells, at steady state, were permeabilized with digitonin, the amount of daunorubicin binding increased only in the resistant cells. The reduced accumulation of daunorubicin in the SW-1573/2R120 and GLC4/ADR cells was accompanied by a lower initial (2 min) uptake rate of this drug. No difference in initial efflux rate of daunorubicin from preloaded cells could be detected between sensitive and resistant SW-1573 cells. However, daunorubicin was extruded 5-fold faster from GLC4/ADR cells than from the parental cells. In the presence of the energy metabolism inhibitors sodium azide and deoxyglucose, the reduced daunorubicin accumulations in the SW-1573/2R120 and GLC4/ADR MDR cells were (almost) completely reversed. The effects of these inhibitors on drug uptake were already apparent during the earliest measured time points (
- Published
- 1992
14. Methodologies to study human intestinal absorption. A review
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LBM, Versantvoort CHM, Rompelberg CJM, Sips AJAM, LBM, Versantvoort CHM, Rompelberg CJM, and Sips AJAM
- Abstract
RIVM rapport:In de risicobeoordeling worden blootstellingniveaus en normen uitgedrukt in een externe blootstelling (inname) terwijl de inwendige blootstelling (opname) bepaalt of er toxische effecten optreden. Van oraal ingenomen stoffen wordt vaak maar een fractie van de externe dosis opgenomen in het lichaam waardoor de opname van de stof lager is dan de inname. Dit rapport geeft een overzicht van de methodieken die veelal gebruikt worden om de absorptie van stoffen in de darm te bestuderen. In dit review ligt de nadruk op de bruikbaarheid van deze methodieken voor (ad hoc) risicoschatting. Daartoe worden de volgende eisen aan een methodiek gesteld: de methode moet snel, flexibel en relatief goedkoop zijn en moet een accurate schatting van de humane absorptie van oraal ingenomen stoffen in de darm kunnen maken. In vitro digestie- en Caco-2 transport modellen, waarmee de bioaccessibility en transport over de darmwand van stoffen bepaald kan worden, kunnen een waardevolle bijdrage leveren wanneer een snelle indicatie gewenst is van de humane absorptie van een stof uit een willekeurig product (bijv. geneesmiddelen, voeding, speelgoed, grond, etc). De informatie die met deze methodes verkregen wordt, kan geimplementeerd worden in humane blootstellingmodellen zoals CONSEXPO en kan bijdragen tot een betere risicoschatting., Concepts in risk assessment practice are expressed in terms of external exposure, while internal exposure determines whether toxic effects will occur. Often only a fraction of the ingested compound is absorbed external exposure, resulting in a lower internal exposure. The methodologies most commonly used to study the intestinal absorption of ingested compounds were reviewed. Since the use of these methodologies in (ad hoc) health risk assessment practice is of particular interest here, the methodologies were reviewed for their potential to provide a rapid and relatively inexpensive, accurate estimation of the human intestinal absorption of compounds. In vitro digestion and Caco-2 cell transport methods, which study the bioaccessibility and permeability across the intestinal epithelium of compounds, can be powerful tools for rapidly obtaining an indication of the human absorption of a compound from an arbitrary product e.g. pharmaceuticals, contaminants in food, toys and soil. The information obtained with the in vitro methods can, for example, be implemented in human exposure models, such as CONSEXPO, and can also contribute to a more rational and optimised health-risk assessment practice.
- Published
- 2000
15. Acceleration of MRP-associated efflux of rhodamine 123 by genistein and related compounds
- Author
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Versantvoort, CHM, primary, Rhodes, T, additional, and Twentyman, PR, additional
- Published
- 1996
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16. Regulation by glutathione of drug transport in multidrug-resistant human lung tumour cell lines overexpressing multidrug resistance-associated protein
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Versantvoort, CHM, primary, Broxterman, HJ, additional, Bagrij, T, additional, Scheper, RJ, additional, and Twentyman, PR, additional
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- 1995
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17. Genistein modulates the decreased drug accumulation in non-P-glycoprotein mediated multidrug resistant tumour cells
- Author
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Versantvoort, CHM, primary, Schuurhuis, GJ, additional, Pinedo, HM, additional, Eekman, CA, additional, Kuiper, CM, additional, Lankelma, J, additional, and Broxterman, HJ, additional
- Published
- 1993
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18. Sex Proportionality in Pre-clinical and Clinical Trials: An Evaluation of 22 Marketing Authorization Application Dossiers Submitted to the European Medicines Agency.
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Dekker MJHJ, de Vries ST, Versantvoort CHM, Drost-van Velze EGE, Bhatt M, van Meer PJK, Havinga IK, Gispen-de Wied CC, and Mol PGM
- Abstract
This study assessed to what extent women were included in all phases of drug development; whether the clinical studies in the marketing authorization application dossiers include information per sex; and explored whether there are differences between women and men in the drugs' efficacy and safety. Data were extracted from dossiers submitted to the European Medicines Agency. Twenty-two dossiers of drugs approved between 2011 and 2015 for the treatment of various diseases were included. Female animals were included in only 9% of the pharmacodynamics studies, but female and male animals were included in all toxicology studies. Although fewer women than men were included in the clinical studies used to evaluate pharmacokinetics (PK) (29 to 40% women), all dossiers contained sex-specific PK parameter estimations. In the phase III trials, inclusion of women was proportional to disease prevalence for depression, epilepsy, thrombosis, and diabetes [participation to prevalence ratio (PPR) range: 0.91-1.04], but women were considered underrepresented for schizophrenia, hepatitis C, hypercholesterolemia, HIV, and heart failure (PPR range: 0.49-0.74). All dossiers contained sex-specific subgroup analyses of efficacy and safety. There seemed to be higher efficacy for women in one dossier and a trend toward lower efficacy in another dossier. More women had adverse events in both treatment (73.0 vs. 70.6%, p < 0.001) and placebo groups (69.5 vs. 65.5%, p < 0.001). In conclusion, women were included throughout all phases of clinical drug research, and sex-specific information was available in the evaluated dossiers. The included number of women was, however, not always proportional to disease prevalence rates., Competing Interests: CG-dW is a regulatory consultant since 1-1-2019. SdV and PMo had financial support from ZonMW—The Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development and from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 754425 for the submitted work. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Dekker, de Vries, Versantvoort, Drost-van Velze, Bhatt, van Meer, Havinga, Gispen-de Wied and Mol.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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