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4. Photosynthetic Capacity is not Impaired by Reduced Chlorophyll Content in a Soybean Mutant

Author

Sakowska, K, Alberti, G, Peressotti, A, Delle Vedove, G, Gianelle, D, Rodeghiero, M, Genesio, L, Haworth, M, Campbell, B, Vescovo, L, Rascher, U, Miglietta, F., PANIGADA, CINZIA, CELESTI, MARCO, ROSSINI, MICOL, Sakowska, K, Alberti, G, Peressotti, A, Delle Vedove, G, Gianelle, D, Rodeghiero, M, Genesio, L, Panigada, C, Celesti, M, Rossini, M, Haworth, M, Campbell, B, Vescovo, L, Rascher, U, and Miglietta, F

Subjects
soybean chlorophyll deficient mutant, leaf photosynthesis, light absorption, fluorescence spectra
Published
2017

5. On the relationship between ecosystem-scale hyperspectral reflectance and CO2 exchange in European mountain grasslands

Author

Balzarolo, Manuela, Vescovo, L., Hammerle, A., Gianelle, D., Papale, D., Tomelleri, E., and Wohlfahrt, G.

Subjects
lcsh:Geology, Chemistry, lcsh:QH501-531, Hyperspectral reflectance, Settore AGR/05 - ASSESTAMENTO FORESTALE E SELVICOLTURA, Physics, lcsh:QH540-549.5, lcsh:QE1-996.5, lcsh:Life, Carbon fluxes, lcsh:Ecology, Biology, Grassland
Abstract

In this paper we explore the skill of hyperspectral reflectance measurements and vegetation indices (VIs) derived from these in estimating carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes of grasslands. Hyperspectral reflectance data, CO2 fluxes and biophysical parameters were measured at three grassland sites located in European mountain regions using standardized protocols. The relationships between CO2 fluxes, ecophysiological variables, traditional VIs and VIs derived using all two-band combinations of wavelengths available from the whole hyperspectral data space were analysed. We found that VIs derived from hyperspectral data generally explained a large fraction of the variability in the investigated dependent variables but differed in their ability to estimate midday and daily average CO2 fluxes and various derived ecophysiological parameters. Relationships between VIs and CO2 fluxes and ecophysiological parameters were site-specific, likely due to differences in soils, vegetation parameters and environmental conditions. Chlorophyll and water-content-related VIs explained the largest fraction of variability in most of the dependent variables. Band selection based on a combination of a genetic algorithm with random forests (GA–rF) confirmed that it is difficult to select a universal band region suitable across the investigated ecosystems. Our findings have major implications for upscaling terrestrial CO2 fluxes to larger regions and for remote- and proximal-sensing sampling and analysis strategies and call for more cross-site synthesis studies linking ground-based spectral reflectance with ecosystem-scale CO2 fluxes.

Published
2018

9. EUROSPEC: at the interface between remote-sensing and ecosystem CO₂ flux measurements in Europe

Author

Porcar-Castell, Albert, Mac Arthur, Alasdair, Rossini, Micol, Eklundh, Lars, Pacheco-Labrador, Javier, Anderson, Karen, Balzarolo, M, Martín, M P, Jin, Hongxiao, Tomelleri, Enrico, Cerasoli, Sofia, Sakowska, Karolina, Hueni, Andreas, Julitta, T, Nichol, C J, Vescovo, L, University of Zurich, and Porcar-Castell, Albert

Subjects
10122 Institute of Geography, 1105 Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Surface Processes, Ecology, Behavior and Systematics, Evolution, 1904 Earth-Surface Processes, Earth, 910 Geography & travel
Published
2015

10. An overview of the Regional Experiments For Land-atmosphere Exchanges 2012 (REFLEX12) Campaign

Author

Timmermans, W., van der Tol, C., Timmermans, J., Ucer, M., Chen, X., Alonso, L., Moreno, J., Carrara, A., Lopez, R., de la Cruz Tercero, F., Lopez Corcoles, H., de Miguel, E., Gomez Sanchez, J. A., Pérez, I., Franch, B., Jimenez Munoz, J. C., Skokovic, D., Sobrino, J. A., Soria, G., Macarthur, A., Vescovo, L., Reusen, I., Andreu, A., Burkart, A., Cilia, C., Contreras, S., Corbari, Chiara, Fernandez Calleja, J., Guzinski, R., Hellmann, C., Herrmann, I., Kerr, G., Lazar, A. L., Leutner, B., Mendiguren, G., Nasilowska, S., Nieto, H., Pachego Labrador, J., Pulanekar, S., Raj, R., Schikling, A., Siegmann, B., von Bueren, S., and Su, Z.

Published
2015

14. Proximal sensing of CO2 uptake in terrestrial ecosystems

Author

Sakowska, K., Juszczak, R., Marcolla, B., Vescovo, L., and Gianelle, D.

Subjects
carbon dioxide fluxes, multi- and hyperspectral measurements, Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA, proximal sensing, eddy covariance, carbon dioxide fluxes, multi- and hyperspectral measurements, eddy covariance, proximal sensing
Published
2014

15. Proximal sensing of forests CO2 uptake

Author

Sakowska, K., Cremonese, E., Galvagno, M., Juszczak, R., Morra di Cella, U., Olejnik, J., Rossini, M., Sottocornola, M., Urbaniak, M., Vescovo, L., and Gianelle, D.

Subjects
CO2 fluxes, NDVI, Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA, LUE, PRI, Proximal sensing
Published
2014

16. EUROSPEC: at the interface between remote-sensing and ecosystem CO<sub>2</sub> flux measurements in Europe

Author

Porcar-Castell, A., primary, Mac Arthur, A., additional, Rossini, M., additional, Eklundh, L., additional, Pacheco-Labrador, J., additional, Anderson, K., additional, Balzarolo, M., additional, Martín, M. P., additional, Jin, H., additional, Tomelleri, E., additional, Cerasoli, S., additional, Sakowska, K., additional, Hueni, A., additional, Julitta, T., additional, Nichol, C. J., additional, and Vescovo, L., additional

Published
2015
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24. Ground-Based Optical Measurements at European Flux Sites

Author

Balzarolo, M., Anderson, K., Nichol, C., Elbers, J.A., Rossini, M., and Vescovo, L.

Subjects
ecosystem, validation, WIMEK, resolution ndvi, footprint, carbon-dioxide, spectral reflectance, CWC - Earth System Science and Climate Change, ndvi measurements, photosynthetic efficiency, CWK - Earth System Science and Climate Change, Wageningen Environmental Research, co2 fluxes, vegetation indexes
Abstract

This paper reviews the currently available optical sensors, their limitations and opportunities for deployment at Eddy Covariance (EC) sites in Europe. This review is based on the results obtained from an online survey designed and disseminated by the Co-cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action ESO903—“Spectral Sampling Tools for Vegetation Biophysical Parameters and Flux Measurements in Europe” that provided a complete view on spectral sampling activities carried out within the different research teams in European countries. The results have highlighted that a wide variety of optical sensors are in use at flux sites across Europe, and responses further demonstrated that users were not always fully aware of the key issues underpinning repeatability and the reproducibility of their spectral measurements. The key findings of this survey point towards the need for greater awareness of the need for standardisation and development of a common protocol of optical sampling at the European EC sites

Published
2011

34. EUROSPEC: at the interface between remote-sensing and ecosystem CO2 flux measurements in Europe.

Author

Porcar-Castell, A., Mac Arthur, A., Rossini, M., Eklundh, L., Pacheco-Labrador, J., Anderson, K., Balzarolo, M., Martín, M. P., Jin, H., Tomelleri, E., Cerasoli, S., Sakowska, K., Hueni, A., Julitta, T., Nichol, C. J., and Vescovo, L.

Subjects
PHOTOCHEMISTRY, CHLOROPHYLL spectra, VEGETATION & climate, CARBON cycle, PRIMARY productivity (Biology), CARBON dioxide & the environment, REMOTE sensing
Abstract

Resolving the spatial and temporal dynamics of gross primary productivity (GPP) of terrestrial ecosystems across different scales remains a challenge. Remote sensing is regarded as the solution to upscale point observations conducted at the ecosystem level, using the eddy covariance (EC) technique, to the landscape and global levels. In addition to traditional vegetation indices, the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) and the emission of solarinduced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF), now measurable from space, provide a new range of opportunities to monitor the global carbon cycle using remote sensing. However, the scale mismatch between EC observations and the much coarser satellite-derived data complicate the integration of the two sources of data. The solution is to establish a network of in situ spectral measurements that can act as a bridge between EC measurements and remote-sensing data. In situ spectral measurements have already been conducted for many years at EC sites, but using variable instrumentation, setups, and measurement standards. In Europe in particular, in situ spectral measurements remain highly heterogeneous. The goal of EUROSPEC Cost Action ES0930 was to promote the development of common measuring protocols and new instruments towards establishing best practices and standardization of these measurements. In this review we describe the background and main tradeoffs of in situ spectral measurements, review the main results of EUROSPEC Cost Action, and discuss the future challenges and opportunities of in situ spectral measurements for improved estimation of local and global estimates of GPP over terrestrial ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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37. SpecNet revisited: bridging flux and remote sensing communities

Author

Gamon, J. A., primary, Coburn, C., additional, Flanagan, L. B., additional, Huemmrich, K. F., additional, Kiddle, C., additional, Sanchez-Azofeifa, G. A., additional, Thayer, D. R., additional, Vescovo, L., additional, Gianelle, D., additional, Sims, D. A., additional, Rahman, A. F., additional, and Pastorello, G. Z., additional

Published
2010
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41. On the relationship between ecosystem-scale hyperspectral reflectance and CO2 exchange in European mountain grasslands.

Author

Balzarolo, M., Vescovo, L., Hammerle, A., Gianelle, D., Papale, D., Tomelleri, E., and Wohlfahrt, G.

Subjects
ECOPHYSIOLOGY, HYPERSPECTRAL imaging systems, CARBON dioxide, MOUNTAIN grasslands, CHLOROPHYLL
Abstract

In this paper we explore the skill of hyperspectral reflectance measurements and vegetation indices (VIs) derived from these in estimating carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes of grasslands. Hyperspectral reflectance data, CO2 fluxes and biophysical parameters were measured at three grassland sites located in European mountain regions using standardized protocols. The relationships between CO2 fluxes, ecophysiological variables, traditional VIs and VIs derived using all two-band combinations of wavelengths available from the whole hyperspectral data space were analysed.We found that VIs derived from hyperspectral data generally explained a large fraction of the variability in the investigated dependent variables but differed in their ability to estimate midday and daily average CO2 fluxes and various derived ecophysiological parameters. Relationships between VIs and CO2 fluxes and ecophysiological parameters were site-specific, likely due to differences in soils, vegetation parameters and environmental conditions. Chlorophyll and water-content-related VIs explained the largest fraction of variability in most of the dependent variables. Band selection based on a combination of a genetic algorithm with random forests (GA-rF) confirmed that it is difficult to select a universal band region suitable across the investigated ecosystems. Our findings have major implications for upscaling terrestrial CO2 fluxes to larger regions and for remote- and proximal-sensing sampling and analysis strategies and call for more cross-site synthesis studies linking ground-based spectral reflectance with ecosystem-scale CO2 fluxes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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42. Dynamics of in situ synthetized silver-epoxy nanocomposites as studied by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy.

Author

Kortaberria, G., Arruti, P., Mondragon, I., Vescovo, L., and Sangermano, M.

Subjects
EPOXY compounds, DIELECTRICS research, RELAXATION spectroscopy, NANOPARTICLES, NANOCOMPOSITE materials, MOLECULAR dynamics
Abstract

In situ synthetized silver-photocurable epoxy resin nanocomposites were analyzed by dielectric spectroscopy to study the local dynamics at temperatures well below the glass-transition temperature and the effect of silver nanoparticles on them. Two secondary processes, β and γ, were detected both for the neat matrix and nanocomposites. Relaxation times of the β secondary relaxation, obtained by fitting to Havriliak-Negami equation, were lower in the nanocomposites, as well as the activation energies calculated from the Arrhenius temperature dependence of relaxation times, due to the plasticization effect of the trapped solvent. The electric modulus formalism was used to detect the interfacial or MWS polarization, present both in the neat matrix and in the nanocomposites due to heterogeneities and interfaces. The activation energy of this relaxation increased with nanoparticle content, thus indicating an increase of the heterogeneities due to the nanoparticles. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011
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43. Ecosystem carbon fluxes and canopy spectral reflectance of a mountain meadow.

Author

Gianelle, D., Vescovo, L., Marcolla, B., Manca, G., and Cescatti, A.

Subjects
*REMOTE sensing, *ECOLOGY, *ECOSYSTEM management, *PRIMARY productivity (Biology), *SPECTRORADIOMETER, *SPECTRAL reflectance
Abstract

Proximal and remote sensing measurements were used to calculate different vegetation indices that were applied as predictors of gross primary production (GPP), total ecosystem respiration (TER), net ecosystem production (NEP) and leaf area index (LAI). Reflectance data and carbon fluxes were collected during the 2005 growing season at a mountain grassland site in the Italian Alps. Significant relationships were found between GPP, TER, NEP, LAI and the most commonly used spectral vegetation indices, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Green-NDVI. Saturation of the spectral indices was evident in the estimation of both biophysical and ecophysiological parameters. Among the different indices, Green-NDVI was less affected by saturation on both a spatial and a temporal basis. Therefore, the use of an additional green-band sensor for spectral measurements at eddy covariance grassland sites is recommended. Concerning the bandwidth for the calculation of the indices, the highest predictive capacities among the sensor simulations included in the analysis were those of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the high-resolution hyperspectral instrument Hyperion, indicating the advantage of narrow bands for the prediction of plant parameters. Further analyses are, however, required to investigate the relationships between NEP, GPP and vegetation indices retrieved from satellite platforms, using the bands available on MODIS and Hyperion sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009
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44. Conductive UVCured Acrylic Inks for Resistor Fabrication: Models for their Electrical Properties

Author

Chiolerio, A., Vescovo, L., and Sangermano, M.

Abstract

We report the preparation of acrylic inks for specific electrical applications, such as resistors, based on a UVcured resin PEGDA, where an in situ synthesis of silver nanoparticles is performed. The conversion, gel content and morphology of the nanoparticles, with a specific interest about the size distribution and electrical conductivity at room temperature, are considered. Aging and electromigration are evaluated to confirm the stability of the samples. A correlation between the morphological properties and the electrical ones is given, in particular developing the universal percolation theory and an extension of the Vegard law for composites. Interesting conclusions are drawn based on the application of the models.

Published
2010
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46. Leaf and canopy photosynthesis of a chlorophyll deficient soybean mutant

Author

Sakowska, Karolina, Alberti, Giorgio, Genesio, Lorenzo, Peressotti, Alessandro, Delle Vedove, Gemini, Gianelle, Damiano, Colombo, Roberto, Rodeghiero, Mirco, Panigada, Cinzia, Juszczak, Radoslaw, Celesti, Marco, Rossini, Micol, Haworth, Matthew, Campbell, Benjamin W., Mevy, Jean-Philippe, Vescovo, Loris, Cendrero‐mateo, M. Pilar, Rascher, Uwe, Miglietta, Franco, Institute of Ecology, Department of Meteorology, Sustainable Agroecosystems and Bioresources Department, IASMA Research and Innovation Centre-Fondazione Edmund Mach - Edmund Mach Foundation [Italie] (FEM), Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Udine - University of Udine [Italie], Institute of Biometeorology, FoxLab [Italia], Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-Fondazione Edmund Mach - Edmund Mach Foundation [Italie] (FEM), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Milano], Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Tree and Timber Institute, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Bio- and Geosciences [Jülich] (IBG), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Institute for Advanced Studies - Aix-Marseille University (IMéRA), Universität Innsbruck [Innsbruck], National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-Fondazione Edmund Mach - Edmund Mach Foundation [Italie] (FEM), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Sakowska, K, Alberti, G, Genesio, L, Peressotti, A, Delle Vedove, G, Gianelle, D, Colombo, R, Rodeghiero, M, Panigada, C, Juszczak, R, Celesti, M, Rossini, M, Haworth, M, Campbell, B, Mevy, J, Vescovo, L, Cendrero-Mateo, M, Rascher, U, and Miglietta, F

Subjects
Chlorophyll, Photons, NPQ relaxation 31, Time Factors, Steady state and dynamic photosynthesis, NPQ relaxation, Physiology, Photosystem II Protein Complex, food and beverages, Plant Transpiration, Plant Science, Carbon Dioxide, steady state and dynamic photosynthesis, Canopy photosynthesis, Oxygen, Plant Leaves, Leaf, Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA, Mutation, Biomass, Soybeans, Photosynthesis, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, steady state and dynamic photosynthesi
Abstract

International audience; The photosynthetic, optical and morphological characteristics of a chlorophyll-deficient (Chldeficient) “yellow” soybean mutant (MinnGold) were examined in comparison with two green varieties (MN0095 and Eiko). Despite the large difference in Chl content, similar leaf photosynthesis rates were maintained in the Chl-deficient mutant by offsetting the reduced absorption of red photons by a small increase in photochemical efficiency and lower non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). When grown in the field, at full canopy cover, the mutants reflected a significantly larger proportion of incoming shortwave radiation, but the total canopy light absorption was only slightly reduced, most likely due to a deeper penetration of light into the canopy space. As a consequence, canopy-scale grossprimary production and ecosystem respiration were comparable between the Chl-deficient mutant and the green variety. However, total biomass production was lower in the mutant, which indicates that processes other than steady state photosynthesis, caused a reduction in biomass accumulation over time. Analysis of NPQ relaxation and gas exchange in Chl-deficient and green leaves after transitions from high to low light conditions suggested that dynamic photosynthesis might be responsible for the reduced biomass production in the Chl-deficient mutant under field conditions.

Published
2018

47. Inter-comparison of hemispherical conical reflectance factors (HCRF) measured with four fibre-based spectrometers

Author

A. Mac Arthur, Loris Vescovo, Manuela Balzarolo, Tommaso Julitta, Javier Pacheco-Labrador, Micol Rossini, Karen Anderson, Francesco Fava, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Pacheco-Labrador, Javier [0000-0003-3401-7081], Anderson, K, Rossini, M, Pacheco Labrador, J, Balzarolo, M, Mac Arthur, A, Fava, F, Julitta, T, Vescovo, L, and Pacheco-Labrador, Javier

Subjects
Chlorophyll, Time Factors, Noon, Optics, Quality (physics), Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA, Hemispherical Conical Reflectance Factors (HCRF), spectroradiometer,radiometric performance, reproducibility, vegetation, Optical depth, Plant Physiological Phenomena, Remote sensing, Reproducibility, Models, Statistical, Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared, Spectrometer, business.industry, Reproducibility of Results, Agriculture, Equipment Design, Plants, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Full width at half maximum, Spectroradiometer, GEO/10 - GEOFISICA DELLA TERRA SOLIDA, Spectrophotometry, Environmental science, Stage (hydrology), business, Algorithms, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

We describe the results of an experiment designed to compare the radiometric performance of four different spectroradiometers in ideal field conditions. A carefully designed experiment where instruments were simultaneously triggered was used to measure the Hemispherical Conical Reflectance Factors (HCRF) of four targets of varying reflectance. The experiment was in two parts. Stage 1 covered a 2 hour period finishing at solar noon, where 50 measurements of the targets were collected in sequence. Stage 2 comprised 10 rapid sequential measurements over each target. We applied a method for normalising full width half maximum (FWHM) differences between the instruments, which was a source of variability in the raw data. The work allowed us to determine data reproducibility, and we found that lower-cost instruments (Ocean Optics and PP Systems) produced data of similar radiometric quality to those manufactured by Analytical Spectral Devices (ASD -here we used the ASD FieldSpec Pro) in the spectral range 400-850 nm, which is the most significant region for research communities interested in measuring vegetation dynamics. Over the longer time-series there were changes in HCRF caused by the structural and spectral characteristics of some targets. © 2013 Optical Society of America., The field experiment described in this paper was undertaken by participants in the EU funded COST Action (ES0903 “Eurospec”; http://cost-es0903.fem-environment.eu/) as part of a Summer School exercise in July 2011. Travel to the field site in Monte Bondone was part-funded by the EU COST action (PI: Loris Vescovo) through travel reimbursement to the Summer School instructors who are the authors of this paper. We are grateful to the participants of the Summer School for their help in setting up the experiment. We also wish to thank PP Systems, who lent Javier Pacheco-Labrador the 2m fibre optic cables used in the experiment and we are grateful to the BIOSPEC project (CGL2008-02301/CLI; http://www.lineas.cchs.csic.es/biospec) funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation which has provided funding for Javier Pacheco-Labrador’s research

Published
2013

48. Ground-based optical measurements at European flux sites: a review of methods, instruments and current controversies

Author

Manuela Balzarolo 1, Karen Anderson 2, Caroline Nichol 3, Micol Rossini 4, Loris Vescovo 5, Nicola Arriga 1, Georg Wohlfahrt 6, Jean-Christophe Calvet 7, Arnaud Carrara 8, Sofia Cerasoli 9, Sergio Cogliati 4, Fabrice Daumard 10, Lars Eklundh 11, Jan A. Elbers 12, Fatih Evrendilek 13, Rebecca N. Handcock 14, Joerg Kaduk 15, Katja Klumpp 16, Bernard Longdoz 17, Giorgio Matteucci 18, Michele Meroni 4, Lenoardo Montagnani 20, Jean-Marc Ourcival 22, Enrique P. Sánchez-Cañete 23, Jean-Yves Pontailler 24, Radoslaw Juszczak 25, Bob Scholes 26, M. Pilar Martín 27, DIBAF, University of Tuscia, Via S.C. de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy, Department of Geography, University of Exeter, Rennes Drive, Exeter, United Kingdom, School of Geosciences [Edinburgh], University of Edinburgh, DISAT, University of Milan-Bicocca, piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy, CRI, Fondazione E. Mach, Viote del Monte Bondone, Trento, Italy, Institut für Ökologie, Universität Innsbruck, Sternwartestr. 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria, Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fundacion CEAM, Parque Tecnologico, Calle C.R. Darwin, Paterna, SP-46980, Valencia, Spain, Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Technical University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Department of Earth and Ecosystem Sciences [Lund], Lund University [Lund], Alterra, ESS-CC Group, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands, Department of Environmental Engineering, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Gölköy Campus, 14280 Bolu, Turkey, CSIRO, Private Bag 5, Wembley, WA, 6913, Australia, Department of Geography [Leicester], University of Leicester, INRA, Grassland Ecosystem Research Unite, UR874, 63100 Clermont Ferrand, France, Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), CNR, Institute for Agricultural and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, Via Cavour, 4-6 I-87036, Rende, Italy, JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Forest Services and Agency for the Environment, Autonomous Province of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy, Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Végétale, Université Paris Sud-Orsay, CNRS URA 1492 Bât. 362, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France, Dept. of Meteorology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Piatkowska 94, 60-649 Poznan, Poland, CSIR, Ecosystem Processes and Dynamics, PO Box 395, 0001 Pretoria, South Africa, Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales (CCHS), Balzarolo, Manuela, University of Exeter, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial (UREP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research [Pretoria] (CSIR), Fundación Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterráneo, University of Innsbruck, Austrian Science Fund, Tyrolean Science Fund, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), European Commission, European Cooperation in Science and Technology, Martín, M. Pilar [0000-0002-5563-8461], Balzarolo, Manuela [0000-0002-7888-1501], Rossini, Micol [0000-0002-6052-3140], Arriga, Nicola [0000-0001-5321-3497], Carrara, Arnaud [0000-0002-9095-8807], Cerasoli, Sofia [0000-0002-9118-193X], Eklundh, Lars [0000-0001-7644-6517], Elbers, Jan A. [0000-0002-0631-3505], Handcock, Rebecca N. [0000-0001-5903-6620], Sánchez-Cañete, Enrique P. [0000-0003-0482-6726], Juszczak, Radoslaw [0000-0002-5212-7383], Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Balzarolo, M, Anderson, K, Nichol, C, Rossini, M, Vescovo, L, Arriga, N, Wohlfahrt, G, Calvet, J, Carrara, A, Cerasoli, S, Cogliati, S, Daumard, F, Eklundh, L, Elbers, J, Evrendilek, F, Handcock, R, Kaduk, J, Klumpp, K, Longdoz, B, Matteucci, G, Meroni, M, Montagnani, L, Ourcival, J, Sanchez Canete, E, Pontailler, J, Juszczak, R, Scholes, B, Martin, M, Martín, M. Pilar, Rossini, Micol, Arriga, Nicola, Carrara, Arnaud, Cerasoli, Sofia, Eklundh, Lars, Elbers, Jan A., Handcock, Rebecca N., Sánchez-Cañete, Enrique P., and Juszczak, Radoslaw

Subjects
Optics and Photonics, Time Factors, Light, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, Climate, Cost-Benefit Analysis, International Cooperation, resolution ndvi, 0211 other engineering and technologies, standardisation, Review, 02 engineering and technology, lcsh:Chemical technology, spectral reflectance, sensors, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Analytical Chemistry, european flux networks, protocol standardization, optical measurements, vegetation indexes, co2 fluxes, photosynthetic efficiency, ndvi measurements, carbon dioxide, ecosystem, calibration, validation, CARBON-DIOXIDE, sensor, Surveys and Questionnaires, Environmental monitoring, lcsh:TP1-1185, Instrumentation, protocole, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], efficience photosynthétique, Sampling (statistics), NDVI MEASUREMENTS, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Variety (cybernetics), Europe, indice de végétation, Protocol standardisation, European flux networks, Environmental Monitoring, Underpinning, Conservation of Natural Resources, PHOTOSYNTHETIC EFFICIENCY, Climate Change, Eddy covariance, Biophysics, Climate change, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, protocol standardisation, Optical measurements, écosystème, VALIDATION, dioxyde de carbone, Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA, optical measurement, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Radiometry, SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE, Remote sensing, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Protocol (science), FOOTPRINT, Electronic Data Processing, VEGETATION INDEXES, CO2 FLUXES, Sensors, mesure optique, flux de co2, Reproducibility of Results, Data science, reflectance spectrale, GEO/10 - GEOFISICA DELLA TERRA SOLIDA, Software deployment, Autre (Sciences de l'ingénieur), capteur, ndvi, RESOLUTION NDVI, ECOSYSTEM
Abstract

This paper reviews the currently available optical sensors, their limitations and opportunities for deployment at Eddy Covariance (EC) sites in Europe. This review is based on the results obtained from an online survey designed and disseminated by the Co-cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action ESO903—“Spectral Sampling Tools for Vegetation Biophysical Parameters and Flux Measurements in Europe” that provided a complete view on spectral sampling activities carried out within the different research teams in European countries. The results have highlighted that a wide variety of optical sensors are in use at flux sites across Europe, and responses further demonstrated that users were not always fully aware of the key issues underpinning repeatability and the reproducibility of their spectral measurements. The key findings of this survey point towards the need for greater awareness of the need for standardisation and development of a common protocol of optical sampling at the European EC sites., This work was supported by the EU COST Office in the framework of the Action ES0903. C.Nichol’s project on spectral sensing is funded through a UK Natural Environment Research Council standard grant (NE/F017294/1). G.W. acknowledges financial support by the Austrian National Science Fund and the Tyrolean Science Fund through grants P17560-B16 and P19849-B16 and Uni-404/33 and Uni-404/486, respectively, as well as the University of Innsbruck. A.C. acknowledges financial support provide to Foundation CEAM by the programs CONSOLIDER- INGENIO 2010 (GRACCIE), and CARBORED-II (CGL2010-22193-C04-01).

Published
2011

49. Effects of land use and climate on carbon and nitrogen pool partitioning in European mountain grasslands.

Author

Seeber J, Tasser E, Rubatscher D, Loacker I, Lavorel S, Robson TM, Balzarolo M, Altimir N, Drösler M, Vescovo L, Gamper S, Barančok P, Staszewski T, Wohlfahrt G, Cernusca A, Sebastia MT, Tappeiner U, and Bahn M

Subjects
Grassland, Plants, Soil chemistry, Carbon, Nitrogen analysis
Abstract

European mountain grasslands are increasingly affected by land-use changes and climate, which have been suggested to exert important controls on grassland carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools. However, so far there has been no synthetic study on whether and how land-use changes and climate interactively affect the partitioning of these pools amongst the different grassland compartments. We analyzed the partitioning of C and N pools of 36 European mountain grasslands differing in land-use and climate with respect to above- and belowground phytomass, litter and topsoil (top 23 cm). We found that a reduction of management intensity and the abandonment of hay meadows and pastures increased above-ground phytomass, root mass and litter as well as their respective C and N pools, concurrently decreasing the fractional contribution of the topsoil to the total organic carbon pool. These changes were strongly driven by the cessation of cutting and grazing, a shift in plant functional groups and a related reduction in litter quality. Across all grasslands studied, variation in the impact of land management on the topsoil N pool and C/N-ratio were mainly explained by soil clay content combined with pH. Across the grasslands, below-ground phytomass as well as phytomass- and litter C concentrations were inversely related to the mean annual temperature; furthermore, C/N-ratios of phytomass and litter increased with decreasing mean annual precipitation. Within the topsoil compartment, C concentrations decreased from colder to warmer sites, and increased with increasing precipitation. Climate generally influenced effects of land use on C and N pools mainly through mean annual temperature and less through mean annual precipitation. We conclude that site-specific conditions need to be considered for understanding the effects of land use and of current and future climate changes on grassland C and N pools., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Published
2022
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50. Leaf and canopy photosynthesis of a chlorophyll deficient soybean mutant.

Author

Sakowska K, Alberti G, Genesio L, Peressotti A, Delle Vedove G, Gianelle D, Colombo R, Rodeghiero M, Panigada C, Juszczak R, Celesti M, Rossini M, Haworth M, Campbell BW, Mevy JP, Vescovo L, Cendrero-Mateo MP, Rascher U, and Miglietta F

Subjects
Biomass, Carbon Dioxide metabolism, Oxygen metabolism, Photons, Photosystem II Protein Complex metabolism, Plant Transpiration, Glycine max growth & development, Time Factors, Chlorophyll deficiency, Mutation genetics, Photosynthesis, Plant Leaves physiology, Glycine max genetics, Glycine max physiology
Abstract

The photosynthetic, optical, and morphological characteristics of a chlorophyll-deficient (Chl-deficient) "yellow" soybean mutant (MinnGold) were examined in comparison with 2 green varieties (MN0095 and Eiko). Despite the large difference in Chl content, similar leaf photosynthesis rates were maintained in the Chl-deficient mutant by offsetting the reduced absorption of red photons by a small increase in photochemical efficiency and lower non-photochemical quenching. When grown in the field, at full canopy cover, the mutants reflected a significantly larger proportion of incoming shortwave radiation, but the total canopy light absorption was only slightly reduced, most likely due to a deeper penetration of light into the canopy space. As a consequence, canopy-scale gross primary production and ecosystem respiration were comparable between the Chl-deficient mutant and the green variety. However, total biomass production was lower in the mutant, which indicates that processes other than steady state photosynthesis caused a reduction in biomass accumulation over time. Analysis of non-photochemical quenching relaxation and gas exchange in Chl-deficient and green leaves after transitions from high to low light conditions suggested that dynamic photosynthesis might be responsible for the reduced biomass production in the Chl-deficient mutant under field conditions., (© 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2018
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