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In this paper, we consider the monodomain model of cardiac electrophysiology. After an analysis of the well-posedness of the forward problem, we show that perfectly insulating regions (modeling ischemic regions in the cardiac tissue) can be uniquely determined by partial boundary measurements of the potential.

These Notes are intended for graduate or undergraduate students who have familiarity with Lebesgue measure theory, partial differential equations, and functional analysis. The main topics covered in this work are the study of the Cauchy problem and unique continuation properties associated with partial differential equations. The primary objective is to familiarize students with stability estimates in inverse problems and quantitative estimates of unique continuation. The treatment is presented in a self-contained manner., Comment: Lecture Notes, pages 799, figures 27

Through coupled physics, we study an early-warning inverse source problem for the elasto-gravitational equations. It consists of a mixed hyperbolic-elliptic system of partial differential equations describing elastic wave displacement and gravity perturbations produced by a source in a homogeneous bounded medium. Within the Cowling approximation, we prove uniqueness and Lipschitz stability for the inverse problem of recovering the moment tensor and the location of the source from early-time measurements of the changes of the gravitational field. The setup studied in this paper is motivated by gravity-based earthquake early warning systems, which are gaining much attention recently., Comment: 25 pages, 1 figure

We consider the problem of determining, within an elastic isotropic nanoplate in bending, the possible presence of an inclusion made of different elastic material. Under suitable a priori assumptions on the unknown inclusion, we provide quantitative upper and lower estimates for the area of the unknown defect in terms of the works exerted by the boundary data when the inclusion is present or absent., Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2209.08830

In this paper we analyze some properties of a sixth order elliptic operator arising in the framework of the strain gradient linear elasticity theory for nanoplates in flexural deformation. We first rigorously deduce the weak formulation of the underlying Neumann problem as well as its well posedness. Under some suitable smoothness assumptions on the coefficients and on the geometry we derive interior and boundary regularity estimates for the solution of the Neumann problem. Finally, for the case of isotropic materials, we obtain new Strong Unique Continuation results in the interior, in the form of doubling inequality and three spheres inequality, by a Carlemann estimates approach.

We consider the problem of determining a polyhedral conductivity inclusion embedded in a homogeneous isotropic medium from boundary measurements. We prove global Lipschitz stability for the polyhedral inclusion from the local Dirichlet-to-Neumann map extending in a highly nontrivial way the results obtained in [18] and [19] in the two-dimensional case to the three-dimensional setting.

In this article we derive a doubling inequality at the boundary for solutions to the Kirchhoff-Love isotropic plate's equation satisfying supported boundary conditions. To this end, we combine the use of a suitable conformal mapping which flattens the boundary and a reflection argument which guarantees the needed regularity of the extended solution. We finally apply inequalities of Carleman type in order to derive the result. The latter implies Strong Unique Continuation Property at the boundary (SUCPB).

Using a distributed representation formula of the Gateaux derivative of the Dirichlet to Neumann map with respect to movements of a polygonal conductivity inclusion, [11], we extend the results obtained in [8] proving global Lipschitz stability for the determination of a polygonal conductivity inclusion embedded in a layered medium from knowledge of the Dirichlet to Neumann map.

In this paper, we would like to derive three-ball inequalities and propagation of smallness for the complex second order elliptic equation with discontinuous Lipschitz coefficients. As an application of such estimates, we study the size estimate problem by one pair of Cauchy data on the boundary. The main ingredient in the derivation of three-ball inequalities and propagation of smallness is a local Carleman proved in our recent paper [FVW]., Comment: 30 pages

For the Generalized Plane Stress (GPS) problem in linear elasticity, we obtain an optimal stability estimate of logarithmic type for the inverse problem of determining smooth cavities inside a thin isotropic cylinder {}from a single boundary measurement of traction and displacement. The result is obtained by reformulating the GPS problem as a Kirchhoff-Love plate-like problem in terms of the Airy's function, and by using the strong unique continuation at the boundary for a Kirchhoff-Love plate operator under homogeneous Dirichlet conditions, which has been recently obtained in \cite{l:arv}.

We discuss the well-posedness of the 'transient eddy current' magneto-quasistatic approximation of Maxwell's initial value problem with bounded and measurable conductivity, with sources, on a domain. We prove existence and uniqueness of weak solutions, and we provide global Hoelder estimates for the magnetic part.

The main result of this paper is a doubling inequality at the boundary for solutions to the Kirchhoff-Love isotropic plate's equation satisfying homogeneous Dirichlet conditions. This result, like the three sphere inequality with optimal exponent at the boundary proved in Alessandrini, Rosset, Vessella, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. (2019), implies the Strong Unique Continuation Property at the Boundary (SUCPB). Our approach is based on a suitable Carleman estimate, and involves an ad hoc reflection of the solution. We also give a simple application of our main result, by weakening the standard hypotheses ensuring uniqueness for the Cauchy problem for the plate equation., Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1802.08631

In this paper we prove that if $u$ is a solution to second order hyperbolic equation $\partial^2_tu+a(x)\partial_tu-(div_x\left(A(x)\nabla_x u\right)+b(x)\cdot\nabla_x u+c(x)u)=0$ and $u$ is flat on a segment $\{x_0\}\times (-T,T)$ then $u$ vanishes in a neighborhood of $\{x_0\}\times (-T,T)$.

In this paper we consider the inverse problem of determining a rigid inclusion inside a thin plate by applying a couple field at the boundary and by measuring the induced transversal displacement and its normal derivative at the boundary of the plate. The plate is made by non-homogeneous, linearly elastic and isotropic material. Under suitable a priori regularity assumptions on the boundary of the inclusion, we prove a constructive stability estimate of log type. Key mathematical tool is a recently proved optimal three spheres inequality at the boundary for solutions to the Kirchhoff-Love plate's equation., Comment: 19 pages, 0 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1111.0604

We prove a three sphere inequality with optimal exponent at the boundary for solutions to the Kirchhoff-Love plate's equation satisfying homogeneous Dirichlet conditions. This result implies the Strong Unique Continuation Property at the Boundary (SUCPB). Our approach is based on the method of Carleman estimates, and involves the construction of an ad hoc conformal mapping preserving the structure of the operator and the employment of a suitable reflection of the solution with respect to the flatten boundary which ensures the needed regularity of the extended solution. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first (nontrivial) SUCPB result for fourth-order equations with bi-Laplacian principal part., Comment: 36 pages, to appear on Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis

We consider a transmission problem on a polygonal partition for the two-dimensional conductivity equation. For suitable classes of partitions we establish the exact behaviour of the gradient of solutions in a neighbourhood of the vertexes of the partition. This allows to prove shape differentiability of solutions and to establish an explicit formula for the shape derivative.

In this paper we provide a simple proof of a Carleman estimate for a second order elliptic operator $P$ with Lipschitz leading coefficients. We apply such a Carleman estimate to derive a three sphere inequality for solutions to equation $Pu=0$

In this paper we consider the inverse problem of determining, within an elastic isotropic thick plate modelled by the Reissner-Mindlin theory, the possible presence of an inclusion made of a different elastic material. Under some a priori assumptions on the inclusion, we deduce constructive upper and lower estimates of the area of the inclusion in terms of a scalar quantity related to the work developed in deforming the plate by applying simultaneously a couple field and a transverse force field at the boundary of the plate. The approach allows to consider plates with boundary of Lipschitz class., Comment: 28 pages, 0 figures

In this paper we prove a H\"older propagation of smallness for solutions to second order parabolic equations whose general anisotropic leading coefficient has a jump at an interface. We assume that the leading coefficient is Lipschitz continuous with respect to the parabolic distance on both sides of the interface. The main effort consists in proving a local Carleman estimate for this parabolic operator.

In this paper we show that the shear modulus $\mu$ of an isotropic elastic body can be stably recovered by the knowledge of one single displacement field whose boundary data can be assigned independently of the unknown elasticity tensor.

We prove constructive estimates for elastic plates modelled by the Reissner-Mindlin theory and made by general anisotropic material. Namely, we obtain a generalized Korn inequality which allows to derive quantitative stability and global H^2 regularity for the Neumann problem. Moreover, in case of isotropic material, we derive an interior three spheres inequality with optimal exponent from which the strong unique continuation property follows., Comment: 32 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1209.6066

The main result of the present paper consists in a quantitative estimate of unique continuation at the boundary for solutions to the wave equation. Such estimate is the sharp quantitative counterpart of the following strong unique continuation property: let $u$ be a solution to the wave equation that satisfies an homogeneous Robin condition on a portion $S$ of the boundary and the restriction of $u_{\mid S}$ on $S$ is flat on a segment $\{0\}\times J$ with $0\in S$ then $u_{\mid S}$ vanishes in a neighborhood of $\{0\}\times J$.

We treat the stability issue for the three dimensional inverse imaging modality called Quantitative Photoacoustic Tomography. We provide universal choices of the illuminations which enable to recover, in a H\"older stable fashion, the diffusion and absorption coefficients from the interior pressure data. With such choices of illuminations we do not need the nondegeneracy conditions commonly used in previous studies, which are difficult to be verified a-priori.

We consider the inverse problem of determining the Winkler subgrade reaction coefficient of a slab foundation modelled as a thin elastic plate clamped at the boundary. The plate is loaded by a concentrated force and its transversal deflection is measured at the interior points. We prove a global H\"{o}lder stability estimate under (mild) regularity assumptions on the unknown coefficient., Comment: 13 pages

We consider the inverse problem of determining the Lam\'{e} parameters and the density of a three-dimensional elastic body from the local time-harmonic Dirichlet-to-Neumann map. We prove uniqueness and Lipschitz stability of this inverse problem when the Lam\'{e} parameters and the density are assumed to be piecewise constant on a given domain partition., Comment: 24 pages, 2 figures

We study an inverse boundary value problem for the Helmholtz equation using the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map as the data. We consider piecewise constant wavespeeds on an unknown tetrahedral partition and prove a Lipschitz stability estimate in terms of the Hausdorff distance between partitions.

In this paper we prove stability estimates of logarithmic type for an inverse problem consisting in the determination of unknown portions of the boundary of a domain in $\mathbb{R}^n$, from a knowledge, in a finite time observation, of overdetermined boundary data for initial boundary value problem for anisotropic wave equation.

The main results of the present paper consist in some quantitative estimates for solutions to the wave equation $\partial^2_{t}u-\mbox{div}\left(A(x)\nabla_x u\right)=0$. Such estimates imply the following strong unique continuation properties: (a) if $u$ is a solution to the the wave equation and $u$ is flat on a segment $\{x_0\}\times J$ on the $t$ axis, then $u$ vanishes in a neighborhood of $\{x_0\}\times J$. (b) Let u be a solution of the above wave equation in $\Omega\times J$ that vanishes on a a portion $Z\times J$ where $Z$ is a portion of $\partial\Omega$ and $u$ is flat on a segment $\{x_0\}\times J$, $x_0\in Z$, then $u$ vanishes in a neighborhood of $\{x_0\}\times J$. The property (a) has been proved by G. Lebeau, Comm. Part. Diff. Equat. 24 (1999), 777-783.

We consider the inverse problem of determining the Lam\'e moduli for a piecewise constant elasticity tensor ${\mathbb C}= \sum_{j} {\mathbb C}_j \chi_{D_j}$, where $\{D_j\}$ is a known finite partition of the body $\Omega$, from the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map. We prove that Lipschitz stability estimates can be derived under $C^{1,\alpha}$ regularity assumptions on the interfaces.

In this paper we consider the problem of determining an unknown pair $\lambda$, $\mu$ of piecewise constant Lam\'{e} parameters inside a three dimensional body from the Dirichlet to Neumann map. We prove uniqueness and Lipschitz continuous dependence of $\lambda$ and $\mu$ from the Dirichlet to Neumann map.

In this paper we review some recent results concerning inverse problems for thin elastic plates. The plate is assumed to be made by non-homogeneous linearly elastic material belonging to a general class of anisotropy. A first group of results concerns uniqueness and stability for the determination of unknown boundaries, including the cases of cavities and rigid inclusions. In the second group of results, we consider upper and lower estimates of the area of unknown inclusions given in terms of the work exerted by a couple field applied at the boundary of the plate. In particular, we extend previous size estimates for elastic inclusions to the case of cavities and rigid inclusions. Key words: inverse problems, elastic plates, uniqueness, stability estimates, size estimates, three sphere inequality, unique continuation.

We treat the stability of determining the boundary impedance of an obstacle by scattering data, with a single incident field. A previous result by Sincich (SIAM J. Math. Anal. 38, (2006), 434-451) showed a log stability when the boundary of the obstacle is assumed to be C^{1,1}-smooth. We prove that, when the obstacle boundary is merely Lipschitz, a log-log type stability still holds., Comment: 13 pages, submitted for publication

In this paper we consider the inverse problem of determining a rigid inclusion inside a thin plate by applying a couple field at the boundary and by measuring the induced transversal displacement and its normal derivative at the boundary of the plate. The plate is made by non-homogeneous linearly elastic material belonging to a general class of anisotropy. For this severely ill-posed problem, under suitable a priori regularity assumptions on the boundary of the inclusion, we prove a stability estimate of log-log type.

We consider the inverse problem of determining the possible presence of an inclusion in a thin plate by boundary measurements. The plate is made by non-homogeneous linearly elastic material belonging to a general class of anisotropy. The inclusion is made by different elastic material. Under some a priori assumptions on the unknown inclusion, we prove constructive upper and lower estimates of the area of the unknown defect in terms of an easily expressed quantity related to work, which is given in terms of measurements of a couple field applied at the boundary and of the induced transversal displacement and its normal derivative taken at the boundary of the plate.

In this paper we estimate the size of a measurable inclusion in terms of power measurements for a single applied boundary current. This problem arises in medical imaging for the screening of organs. For this kind of problem one has to deal mathematically with the complex conductivity (admittivity) equation. In this case we are able to establish, for certain classes of admittivities, lower and upper bounds of the measure of the inclusion in terms of the power measurements. A novelty of our result is that we are able to estimate also the volume of inclusions having part of its boundary in common with the reference body. Our analysis is based on the derivation of energy bounds and of fine quantitative estimates of unique continuation for solutions to elliptic equations.

We prove a sharp three sphere inequality for solutions to third order perturbations of a product of two second order elliptic operators with real coefficients. Then we derive various kinds of quantitative estimates of unique continuation for the anisotropic plate equation. Among these, we prove a stability estimate for the Cauchy problem for such an equation and we illustrate some applications to the size estimates of an unknown inclusion made of different material that might be present in the plate. The paper is self-contained and the Carleman estimate, from which the sharp three sphere inequality is derived, is proved in an elementary and direct way based on standard integration by parts.

We discuss the ill-posed Cauchy problem for elliptic equations, which is pervasive in inverse boundary value problems modeled by elliptic equations. We provide essentially optimal stability results, in wide generality and under substantially minimal assumptions. As a general scheme in our arguments, we show that all such stability results can be derived by the use of a single building brick, the three-spheres inequality., Comment: 57 pages, review article

We deal with the problem of determining a time varying inclusion within a thermal conductor. In particular we study the continuous dependance of the inclusion from the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map. Under a priori regularity assumptions on the unknown defect we establish logarithmic stability estimates., Comment: 36 pages

We prove doubling inequalities for solutions of elliptic systems with an iterated Laplacian as diagonal principal part and for solutions of the Lame' system of isotropic linearized elasticity. These inequalities depend on global properties of the solutions., Comment: 13 pages, submitted for publication

In this paper we will review the main results concerning the issue of stability for the determination unknown boundary portion of a thermic conducting body from Cauchy data for parabolic equations. We give detailed and selfcontained proofs. We prove that such problems are severely ill-posed in the sense that under a priori regularity assumptions on the unknown boundaries, up to any finite order of differentiability, the continuous dependence of unknown boundary from the measured data is, at best, of logarithmic type.